Westboro Baptist Church

The Westboro Baptist Church (WBC) is an American,

unaffiliated Primitive Baptist church in Topeka, Kansas,
Westboro Baptist Church
that was founded in 1955 by pastor Fred Phelps. It is
widely considered a hate group,[nb 1] and is known for its
public protests against homosexual people and for its
usage of the phrases "God hates fags" and "Thank God
for dead soldiers". It also engages in hate speech against
atheists, Jews, Muslims, transgender people, and even
other Christian denominations.[nb 2] WBC's theology and
practices are widely condemned by other Christian
churches, including the Baptist World Alliance and the The headquarters of the Westboro Baptist
Southern Baptist Convention, and by politicians and Church with the sign
public figures, including former U.S. president Barack "godhatesamerica.com". The graffiti on the
Obama.[2] sign reads "God Hates The Phelps".
WBC has been protesting against gay people since 1989. Classification Primitive Baptist
Within a few years, the group expanded to protesting Theology Hyper-Calvinist
across the country. They often protest at public and private
Headquarters Topeka, Kansas
events, including funerals, sports games, and concerts.
Notably, the group protested at the funerals for victims of Founder Fred Phelps
the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting and the West Members ~70 (2016)
Nickel Mines School shooting. The group is known to
deface the American flag or fly it upside down while Official website godhatesfags.com (http://
protesting. It also draws counter-protests. godhatesfags.com)
Logo
Although the group's right to protest and use hate speech
in the United States is protected by the First Amendment
to the United States Constitution, the group has faced numerous legal challenges over its history. A 2006
Act of Congress called the Respect for America's Fallen Heroes Act, created primarily due to WBC, placed
restrictions on protests at some cemeteries. The 2010–2011 US Supreme Court case Snyder v. Phelps
shielded the group from tort liability for a 2006 protest at a military funeral. WBC also files its own lawsuits
via a Phelps family law firm (eleven of Phelps' children are lawyers), and has won cases that have yielded
thousands of dollars for the group. Members of the group have been banned from entering Canada and the
United Kingdom after attempting to protest in those countries.

In 2016, Forbes stated WBC had about 70 members. The group primarily consists of members of Phelps's
extended family, although many of its members have either left and/or been excommunicated. Several
Phelps' family members, including Nathan Phelps and Megan Phelps-Roper, have left the church and
become activists against it. Fred Phelps himself was excommunicated from the church around August 2013,
shortly before his death in 2014. Before Phelps' death, a church spokesperson stated that the group did not
have a defined leader "[f]or a very long time". Several former members have accused the group of
brainwashing and abusive behavior.

History
Westboro Baptist Church originated as a branch of the East Side
Baptist Church, which was established in 1931 on the east side of
Topeka.[3][4] In 1954, East Side hired Fred Phelps as an associate
pastor. By 1955, Phelps was promoted to pastor of a new East Side
church plant, Westboro Baptist, on the west side of Topeka.[3] Its
first public service was held on November 27, 1955.[5] After
Westboro was established, Phelps broke ties with East Side to
Advertisement for opening service of
Westboro Baptist Church, Topeka
become independent of any Baptist denomination.[3] His vitriolic
Capital, 1955
preaching alienated most of the original congregation, who either
returned to East Side or joined other congregations, leaving him
with a small following consisting almost entirely of his own
relatives and close friends.[6]

Phelps was a veteran of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.[7] He founded the Phelps Chartered law
firm in 1964, which has since been used to sue communities that are targets of Westboro's protests.[8]

Westboro Baptist first began protesting homosexuality in 1989 after the discovery of what they referred to
as a "tearoom", meaning a public lavatory used for homosexual interactions.[9] The group later began
picketing Gage Park six blocks northwest of its headquarters in Topeka in 1991, saying it was a den of
anonymous homosexual activity.[10] Soon, its protests had spread throughout the city, and within three
years WBC was traveling across the country.[11] Phelps explained in 1994 that he considered the negative
reaction to the picketing to be proof of his righteousness.[12]

On August 20, 1995, a pipe bomb exploded outside the home of Shirley Phelps-Roper, the daughter of
Fred Phelps. The blast damaged an SUV, a fence, and part of the house, but no one was injured. In 1996,
two men were arrested for the bombing, and both admitted to causing the blast. They had believed Phelps-
Roper's house was that of the pastor and wanted to retaliate against Westboro's anti-gay protests at
Washburn University. One of the bombers was fined $1,751 and was sentenced to 16 days in prison plus
100 hours of community service.[13]

Fred Phelps died of natural causes on March 19, 2014.[14][15][16]

His daughter Shirley said a funeral would not be held because
Westboro does not "worship the dead".[16] He had previously been
voted out of his leadership position and, according to
representatives, the organization had no defined leader in the time
leading up to his death.[17]

Positions and views

Fred Phelps during an interview in
his office (July 7, 2010)
Westboro Baptists believe in five-point Calvinism, as reflected in
the TULIP acronym that is displayed prominently at the front of the
church sanctuary.[18] They believe in limited atonement,
unconditional election, and the double predestination of both the
saved and the damned, which can weigh heavily on members as
well as those who leave the church. According to Barrett-Fox, they see "moral living as a sign of election"
and they say they have a duty to preach to the public, not to "save people" (who are predestined) but to
spread a message of obedience to God.[18] In her dissertation on Westboro Baptist, she labels this theology
as Hyper-Calvinist.[19]

They see themselves as coming from the Primitive Baptist movement. Their Primitive Baptist practices
include their style of worship, approach to church discipline, liturgical preferences and seeing themselves as
from a "separatist, antiestablishment" lineage (p. 66).[18]

Anti-homosexuality

WBC is known for its homophobic rhetoric.[20][21] The Anti-Defamation League describes the group as
"virulently homophobic", saying its anti-homosexual rhetoric is often a cover for antisemitism, anti-
Americanism, racism and hatred of other Christian groups.[22] The Southern Poverty Law Center has
added WBC to a list of hate groups for its homophobia.[23][24] The group has also expressed transphobic
messages in its protests.[25] Its homophobic outlook has led its members to protest LGBT pride events and
funerals of those who died due to HIV/AIDS, as well as blame homosexuals for tragedies such as the
terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001.[9]

Antisemitism

Whatever righteous cause the Jewish victims of the 1930s–40s Nazi Holocaust had (probably
minuscule, compared to the Jewish Holocausts against Middle Passage Blacks, African
Americans and Christians – including the bloody persecution of Westboro Baptist Church by
Topeka Jews in the 1990s), has been drowned in sodomite semen. American taxpayers are
financing this unholy monument to Jewish mendacity and greed and to filthy fag lust.
Homosexuals and Jews dominated Nazi Germany ... The Jews now wander the earth
despised, smitten with moral and spiritual blindness by a divine judicial stroke ... And God has
smitten Jews with a certain unique madness ... Jews, thus perverted, out of all proportion to
their numbers energize the militant sodomite agenda... Jews are the real Nazis.

— Fred Phelps on the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum[26]

In 1996, Phelps began a campaign called "Topeka's Baptist Holocaust", whereby he attempted to draw
attention to attacks perpetrated against WBC picketers, saying they were not random but organized attacks
orchestrated by Jews and homosexuals. Phelps announced, "Jews killed Christ", and "Fag Jew Nazis are
worse than ordinary Nazis. They've had more experience. The First Holocaust was a Jewish Holocaust
against Christians. The latest Holocaust is by Topeka Jews against Westboro Baptist Church."[26]

In another statement, he said "Topeka Jews today stir up Kansas tyrants in persecuting Westboro Baptists.
They whine about the Nazi Holocaust, while they perpetrate the Topeka Holocaust."[26]

A March 25, 2006, flier regarding a Jewish adversary of Phelps uses the phrase "bloody Jew" four times
and the phrase "evil Jew" more than once every 12 sentences. The Anti-Defamation League has criticized
WBC and Phelps,[27] and keeps a sampling of WBC's fliers regarding Judaism on their website.[28]

In an interview, Margie Phelps said WBC targeted the American Jewish community because members had
"testified" to gentiles for 19 years that "America is doomed" and that "Now it's too late. We're done with
them." She also claimed Jews were "one of the loudest voices" in favor of homosexuality and abortion, and
that "[Jews] claim to be God's chosen people. Do you think that God is going to wink at that forever?"
Phelps concluded by stating, in an apparent reference to the Book of Revelation, that all the nations of the
world would soon march on Israel, and that they would be led by President Barack Obama, whom she
called the "Antichrist".[29]

Islamophobia

Jael Phelps said in a 2011 interview that she and the other members of WBC tauntingly and publicly
burned a copy of the Quran while being scolded by a Muslim man, calling it an "idolatrous piece of trash"
and that they were giving it the "proper respect that it deserves" by doing so. They picketed the funeral of
the Muslim man's wife the following week. Jael Phelps said the wife's death was partly due to her Muslim
husband having spoken out against WBC, and therefore rejecting God and bringing his "righteous
judgement" down upon him. She also commented that "all those angry little Muslims can just shut their
mouths."[30]

Barack Obama conspiracy theories

Margie Phelps, daughter of Fred Phelps and attorney for WBC, said in an interview with Fox News that
Barack Obama would "absolutely" be going to Hell and that he was "most likely the Beast spoken of in the
Revelation." She also said Obama's presidency was a sign of the Apocalypse.[31] On January 20, 2013,
picketers of the Westboro Baptist Church protested Obama's second inauguration. The protesters had a
legal permit and used signs with homophobic messages as well as referring to Obama as the Antichrist.[32]

Structure and picketing

WBC consists primarily of members of Fred Phelps's extended family.[33] According to Forbes, it has
roughly 70 members as of 2016, having previously had 80 members in 2011.[34][9] In her book on
Westboro Baptists, religious studies scholar Rebecca Barrett-Fox describes their identification with
Primitive Baptists.[18][19] Members attend a weekly service and believe in a theology of predestination
which includes believing all disasters and catastrophes come from the hand of God.[9] Members follow the
organization's 'literal' interpretation of the Bible which informs their attitudes towards homosexuality and
towards Judaism.[35] The religious justification for active political hate speech has led to much
controversy.[36]

WBC's travel expenses have exceeded as much as $200,000

annually.[37] One of Westboro's followers estimated the
organization spends $250,000 a year on picketing.[38] According to
the Southern Poverty Law Center, it is funded entirely from within
the organization and accepts no outside donations.[39] WBC has
received money from lawsuits and legal fees, through the closely
Sunday worship with Pastor Timothy related Phelps Chartered law firm, when its protests have been
Phelps at lecturn, 2018 unlawfully disrupted.[39][40][41] For example, the firm sued the city
of Topeka several times in the 1990s,[39] and received $16,500 in
legal fees for a court case won against a Marine's bereaved
father. [40] Because the firm represents WBC in its lawsuits, it can use money from cases it wins to further
fund the organization under the Civil Rights Attorney's Fees Award Act of 1976.[39][42] WBC is
considered a nonprofit organization by the federal government, and is therefore exempt from paying
taxes.[43] All five of Phelps Chartered's lawyers are Phelps's children, and eleven of his thirteen children are
lawyers.[44] Members of the Phelps family are expected to give ten percent of their earnings to WBC.[45]

WBC carries out daily picketing in Topeka and travels nationally to picket the funerals of gay victims of
murder or gay-bashing, as well as those of people who have died from complications related to AIDS. It
also pickets other events related or peripherally related to homosexuality; Kansas City Chiefs football
games, and live pop concerts. At its peak, the group was able to picket roughly 15 churches a day,
including many in Topeka and some events farther afield.[46] The group has protested a number of high-
profile events such as the funerals of victims of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting and the West
Nickel Mines School shooting. As well as protesting these high-profile events, WBC protests many local
low-profile events. While the messages are widely condemned, it always ensures its protests are legal in
nature. Through keeping the protests non-violent and acquiring the proper permits, WBC avoids legal
trouble. However, it is the protesting of military funerals that led to the organization receiving much
attention.[9] Its public acts have cast a political spotlight on the group that has given it vast attention for its
small size.[9] On two occasions, WBC accepted offers for radio air time in exchange for canceling an
announced protest.[47][48]

WBC also releases parody songs. According to Steve Drain (WBC's public information officer) in an
interview with Vice News, "When we make our choice of songs, that really revolves around mostly
popularity. It's mostly mainstream stuff, the whole idea of our doing parodies is to preach."[49]

Legal responses

Laws limiting funeral protests

In response to the protests conducted by Westboro members at Indiana funerals, a bill was introduced in the
Indiana General Assembly that would make it a felony to protest within 500 feet (150 m) of a funeral. The
bill provides penalties of up to three years in prison and a $10,000 fine for those found to be in violation of
the law. Shortly before this bill was signed members of the church had threatened to protest in Kokomo,
Indiana, at a funeral service that was being held for a soldier who was killed in Iraq. On January 11, 2006,
the bill unanimously (11–0) passed a committee vote,[50] and while members of the church had traveled to
Kokomo to protest, they were not seen during or after the funeral service. On May 23, 2006, the state of
Michigan banned any intentional disruption of funerals within 500 feet (150 m) of the ceremony. Violating
the statute would be a felony, punishable by up to two years in prison and a $5,000 fine for the first offense
and up to four years in prison and a $10,000 fine for a subsequent offense.[51]

On May 17, 2006, the state of Illinois enacted Senate Bill 1144, the "Let Them Rest In Peace Act", to
shield grieving military families from protests during funerals and memorial services of fallen military
service members. A first-time violation of the Act is a Class C misdemeanor, punishable by up to 30 days in
jail and a $1,500 fine, and a second or subsequent offense is a Class 4 felony punishable by one to three
years in state prison and a fine of up to $25,000.[52]

On March 29, 2006, the Respect for America's Fallen Heroes Act was introduced by Mike Rogers, a
Republican member of the House. The bipartisan bill received a 408–3 vote in the House, after 21
representatives chose not to vote. The Senate unanimously voted in approval of the law. On May 29, 2006,
President George W. Bush signed the bill into law at a Memorial Day ceremony at Arlington National
Cemetery.[9][53] The bill prohibits protests within 300 feet (91 m) of the entrance of any cemetery under
control of the National Cemetery Administration from 60 minutes before to 60 minutes after a funeral.
Failing to adhere to this law can lead to a substantial fine of up to $100,000 or up to a year in prison.[53]
On January 11, 2011, the state of Arizona held an emergency
legislative session to pass a bill barring protests within 300 feet
(91 m) of a funeral and within an hour from its beginning or end. The
bill was swiftly signed into law ahead of the January 12 funeral of
those killed in the 2011 Tucson shooting.[54][55]

On August 2, 2012, Congress passed a bill that included restrictions

on demonstrators at military funerals, which became law four days
later when signed by President Obama, who condemned WBC.[56]
This bill was primarily motivated by WBC's protests at memorial
services for victims of the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School
shooting. Several petitions to the White House (using the We the
People system) were submitted, calling on President Barack Obama
to legally recognize WBC as a hate group, revoke its tax exemption
for religious organizations, and to ban protests at funerals and Fred Phelps preaching
memorial services.[57][58] The bill mandated staying at least 300 feet
(91 m) away from funerals and homes of family members for 2 hours
before until 2 hours after a funeral.[59] The church condemned the restrictions.[60]

Supreme Court case

On March 10, 2006, WBC picketed the funeral of Marine Lance Corporal Matthew A. Snyder in
Westminster, Maryland.[61][62][63] A cordoned off picket was held approximately 1,000 feet (300 m) from
the church for about 30 minutes before the funeral began.[64] Snyder's father, Albert, sued for defamation,
invasion of privacy, and intentional infliction of emotional distress.[65][66][67] The lawsuit alleged Fred
Phelps, Rebekah Phelps-Davis, and Shirley Phelps-Roper were responsible for publishing defamatory
statements about the Snyder family on the internet, including that Albert and his wife had "raised [Matthew]
for the devil" and taught him "to defy his Creator, to divorce, and to commit adultery". Other statements
denounced them for raising their son Catholic. Snyder further alleged the defendants had intruded upon and
staged protests at his son's funeral. The defamation count was dismissed on First Amendment grounds, but
the case proceeded to trial on the remaining two counts.[68][69]

District Judge Richard D. Bennett instructed the jury to decide "whether the defendant's actions would be
highly offensive to a reasonable person, whether they were extreme and outrageous and whether these
actions were so offensive and shocking as to not be entitled to First Amendment protection".[70] On
October 31, 2007, Phelps, Shirley Phelps-Roper and Rebecca Phelps-Davis were found liable for invasion
of privacy and intentional infliction of emotional distress. The jury awarded Snyder a total of $10,900,000;
$2.9 million in compensatory damages, $6 million in punitive damages for invasion of privacy and
$2 million for causing emotional distress.[71][72][73] The group unsuccessfully sought a mistrial based on
alleged prejudicial statements made by the judge and violations of the gag order by the plaintiff's
attorney.[74] On February 4, 2008, Bennett upheld the ruling but reduced the punitive damages to
$2.1 million.[75] Liens were ordered on WBC buildings and Phelps's law office in an attempt to ensure the
damages would be paid.[76]

On September 24, 2009, a federal appeals court reversed the lower court's award. It found the picket near
the funeral was protected speech because it involved "matters of public concern, including the issues of
homosexuals in the military, the sex-abuse scandal within the Catholic Church, and the political and moral
conduct of the United States and its citizens", and did not violate the privacy of the service member's
family.[77] On March 30, 2010, the appeals court ordered Snyder to pay WBC's court costs of over
$16,000, a move Snyder's attorneys referred to as "adding insult to injury".[78]
On March 8, 2010, the Supreme Court granted certiorari in Snyder v. Phelps.[79] On May 28, Senate
Majority Leader Harry Reid and 42 other senators filed an amicus brief in support of Snyder. On June 1,
Kansas Attorney General Stephen Six filed a separate brief supporting Snyder which was joined by the
Attorneys General of 47 other states and the District of Columbia.[80][81] Several news and civil rights
organizations filed amicus briefs in support of Phelps.[82][83] The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Phelps
on March 2, 2011. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote of the 8–1 decision: "What Westboro said, in the
whole context of how and where it chose to say it, is entitled to 'special protection' under the First
Amendment and that protection cannot be overcome by a jury finding that the picketing was
outrageous."[84] Justice Samuel Alito, the lone dissenter, said Snyder wanted only to "bury his son in
peace" and "Our profound national commitment to free and open debate is not a license for the vicious
verbal assault that occurred in this case".[85]

Entry bans

In August 2008, Canadian officials learned of WBC's intent to stage a protest at the funeral of Tim
McLean, a Winnipeg resident who was killed on a bus. The protests intended to convey the message that
the man's murder was God's response to Canadian laws permitting abortion, homosexuality, divorce and
remarriage. In response, Canadian officials barred the organization's members from entering the country.[86]

In February 2009, British news sources discovered WBC had announced, via its website, its intent to picket
a youth production of The Laramie Project to be held at Central Studio, Queen Mary's College in the town
of Basingstoke, Hampshire, on February 20, 2009.[87] This would have been its first picket in the United
Kingdom.[88] In the lead-up to the picket, Members of Parliament, LGBT groups, and lobbyists appealed
to British Home Secretary, Jacqui Smith, requesting WBC be blocked from entering the UK, on the basis
of it inciting hatred towards LGBT people.[89][90] On February 18, 2009, two days before the intended
picket date, the Home Office announced Fred Phelps and Shirley Phelps-Roper would be specifically
excluded from entering the UK for having "engaged in unacceptable behaviour by inciting hatred against a
number of communities", and also other members "could also be flagged and stopped if they tried to enter
Britain".[91][92]

Other legal responses

One local lawyer, Pedro Irigonegaray, came up with a novel way to battle the Phelpses. When
Phelps Chartered, alleging 'emotional damage,' sued someone who had filed a criminal
complaint against a WBC member, Irigonegaray's team requested court approval to have a
psychiatrist evaluate Phelps family members to determine the alleged damage. The Phelps firm
settled without delay.

— Southern Poverty Law Center[93]

In 1995, Phelps Sr.'s eldest grandson, Benjamin Phelps, was convicted of assault and disorderly conduct
after spitting upon the face of a passerby during a picket.[94]

In the 1990s, WBC won a series of lawsuits against the City of Topeka and Shawnee County for efforts
taken to prevent or hinder WBC picketing, and was awarded approximately $200,000 in attorney's fees and
costs associated with the litigation.
In 2004, Phelps Sr.'s daughter Margie Phelps and Margie's son Jacob were arrested for trespassing,
disorderly conduct and failure to obey after disregarding a police officer's order during an attempted
protest.[95]

In June 2007 Shirley Phelps-Roper was arrested in Nebraska and charged with contributing to the
delinquency of a minor. The arrest resulted from her allowing her ten-year-old son to step on a U.S. flag
during the demonstration, which is illegal under Nebraska law. The defense contended that the child's
actions were protected speech, and that the state law is unconstitutional. The prosecution claimed the
demonstration was not intended as political speech, but as an incitement to violence, and that Phelps-
Roper's conduct might also constitute child abuse. Prosecutors later dropped charges against Phelps-
Roper.[96]

On July 14, 2006, Mundy Township, Michigan billed WBC for $5,000, after it had informed the township
authorities on June 28 that a protest was planned at the Swartz Funeral Home. The bill to WBC ensued,
according to the local police chief, because the organization failed to keep a verbal contract for security.
Fred Phelps's daughter claimed that the Holy Ghost had informed them not to fly to Michigan even though
they had already purchased airline tickets. Security at the Webb funeral was high; 15 fire trucks were
involved, as well as numerous police officers from nearby jurisdictions.[97] The township has stated that it
will not pursue the matter.

Criticisms

Counter-protests

Counter protestors have appeared at some of WBC's protests,

sometimes numbering in the hundreds or thousands.[98][99]

Counter-protestors have been known to display humorous signs to

mock the group. In particular, the phrase "God hates figs" is
commonly used, along with citations to bible verses[100] in which
Jesus says that none should eat the fruit of a fig tree,[101] in which
Jesus causes a fig tree to wither,[102] and in which God promises as
Counter-protester standing in front of
a punishment to make someone like bad figs.[103][104] The signs WBC at Brown University in May
have appeared at counter-protests at the University of Chicago,[105] 2009
in Spartanburg, South Carolina,[106] and in Portsmouth, New
Hampshire.[107] They also appear at non-WBC-related events,
such as the Rally to Restore Sanity.[108] The use of these satirical signs has been praised by the American
Civil Liberties Union and others.[109][108]

Other phrases include "God Hates Fred Phelps",[110] "God Hates Bags",[111] and "God Hates
Shrimp".[112] The dysfunctional Cooper family in Kevin Smith's 2011 film Red State was reportedly
inspired by WBC.[113]

Criticism from other Christians

Baptist churches, Baptist-affiliated seminaries, and Baptist conventions, including the Baptist World
Alliance and the Southern Baptist Convention (two of the largest Baptist groups), have denounced WBC
over the years.[114] In addition, other mainstream Christian denominations have condemned the actions of
WBC.[115] Katherine Weber of The Christian Post states that "Westboro is considered an extremist group
by most mainstream Christian churches and secular groups, and is well known for its aggressive protesting
style."[116]

An alliance of six British religious groups (the Methodist Church of Great Britain, Baptist Union of Great
Britain, United Reformed Church, Evangelical Alliance UK, Faithworks, and Bible Society-funded
thinktank Theos) made a joint statement on February 19, 2009, in support of the government's entry ban for
members of WBC. They condemned the activities of WBC, stating:

We do not share their hatred of lesbian and gay people. We believe that God loves all,
irrespective of sexual orientation, and we unreservedly stand against their message of hate
toward those communities. Neither the style nor substance of their preaching expresses the
historic, orthodox Christian faith. And we ask that the members of Westboro Baptist Church
refrain from stirring up any more homophobic hatred in the UK or elsewhere.[115][117][118]

Evangelist pastor Jerry Falwell Sr. referred to Fred Phelps as "a first-class nut".[119] WBC picketed
Falwell's funeral service on May 22, 2007.[120]

In 2013, Christian rock band Five Iron Frenzy recorded a song titled "God Hates Flags" condemning the
actions of the Westboro Baptist Church and similar organizations, including such lyrics as "If God is love
you got it wrong waving all your placards and flags".[121]

Other criticisms

A number of critics have alleged that the actions of WBC are merely a ploy to receive publicity, and argue
that ignoring it completely would be more effective than counter-protests.[122][123][124]

Political commentator Bill O'Reilly frequently criticizes WBC, and has called them "evil and
despicable".[125] During Snyder v. Phelps, he offered to pay the entire amount of Albert Snyder's legal
costs.[126][127] Documentary filmmaker Michael Moore has also criticized WBC.[128] In response to
WBC's protests after the Sandy Hook shooting, Rapper Mac Lethal criticized the group in a video entitled
"Beatbox + iPhone + Guitar + Fast Rap = Win".[129][130][131]

Former members
Since 2004, over 20 members of WBC, mostly family members, have left the organization and the Phelps
family.[132] Several of them have accused WBC of brainwashing.[133][134][135]

Mark Phelps, estranged son of WBC's founder, Fred Phelps, left the organization in 1973 and began
"formal healing therapy in 1988 and worked toward healing and restoration, overcoming the horrible pain
and fear from the 19 years of living with" his father. Mark was re-baptized in a local church in 1994 and
stated: "If I had to take my family to court and convict them of being followers of Christ, I am not sure
where I would find the evidence."[136]

Libby Phelps-Alvarez, a granddaughter of the late Fred Phelps and daughter of Fred Phelps Jr. left WBC in
2009. In 2017, she released a book entitled Girl on a Wire: Walking the Line Between Faith and Freedom.
The book documents her years in WBC and what lead up to her decision to leave and eventual departure.
Phelps-Alvarez is now an advocate for gay equality.
Zach Phelps-Roper is the grandson of Fred Phelps and the fourth sibling of the Phelps-Roper family to
leave WBC (besides Megan and Grace mentioned below, brothers Joshua and Noah have also left). After
attempting to leave the organization five times previously, he finally left in 2014 after his views began to
change. He now preaches about a life of empathy and unconditional love.[137]

Danielle Phelps, granddaughter of Fred Phelps, left the church in 2014 shortly after her grandfather's death.
She is openly gay and joined the US Marine Corps after leaving the church.[138] In an interview with
Harry Robinson on the All Out Attack Podcast, Danielle revealed that Steve Drain, father of Lauren Drain
and one of the elders of the church after Fred Phelps's passing, and the rest of his family, had reportedly
been excommunicated from the church.[139]

Nathan Phelps

Nathan Phelps is another estranged son of Fred. He left Westboro

on his 18th birthday in 1976. He has stated that he never had a
relationship with his abusive father when he was growing up, and
that WBC is an organization for his father to "vent his rage and
anger."[140] He has also stated that, in addition to hurting others, his
father used to physically abuse his wife and children by beating
them with his fists and with the handle of a mattock to the point of
bleeding.[140][141] Phelps's brother Mark has supported and
repeated Nathan's claims of physical abuse by their father.[142]
Nathan Phelps became a vocal
In March 2014, Nathan posted on Facebook that his father was in a LGBT rights and atheist activist.
hospice in Topeka and was near death, and that Fred was
excommunicated from WBC in August 2013, for unclear
reasons.[143][144] These assertions were later reaffirmed by Mark Phelps.[145] Nathan had previously
predicted the organization may fall into leadership and theological crises when Fred died, because he had
been the binding figure and because their beliefs hold that they are immortal, which would be disproved
with the death of a member.[146] WBC spokesperson Steve Drain denied Fred Sr. was on the verge of
death and refused to confirm the reported excommunication.[147] Fred Sr. died three days later.[14]

Megan Phelps-Roper

Megan Phelps-Roper, a grandchild of Fred Phelps, left WBC in 2012 together with her sister Grace, and
explained her reasons and experiences in a TED talk.[148] In 2015, Sam Harris published an interview with
her.[149] She has written a book entitled Unfollow: A Journey from Hatred to Hope, leaving the Westboro
Baptist Church. She has been making a film about her experiences and notes that four of her siblings have
also left WBC.[150]

Lauren Drain
Lauren Drain, another former member of WBC who was excommunicated in 2008, released an
autobiography titled Banished in March 2013. She characterizes children, like herself, as being
brainwashed into their belief system and describes consequences of questioning their belief system, such as
her banishment.[151]

Media coverage
In 2001, Sundance Channel aired the film A Union in Wait, a
documentary about same-sex marriage directed by Ryan Butler.
Phelps and members of WBC appeared in the film after Phelps
picketed Wake Forest Baptist Church at Wake Forest University
over a proposed same-sex union ceremony.

In 2005, the British satellite company British Sky Broadcasting

produced an investigative piece using hidden cameras, which
included footage of two of Phelps's granddaughters, Libby and Members of the Church on the set of
Jael.[152] In the testimonial, Libby and Jael explain that they hope The Howard Stern Show in 2004
and pray that no one outside of Westboro becomes "elect",[152]
because they want everyone else in the world to die horribly and
burn in Hell,[152] and that even if they did not believe their actions were dictated by God, they would still
do and enjoy them anyway.[152]

On April 1, 2007, British television channel BBC Two broadcast Louis Theroux's The Most Hated Family
in America.[153] Theroux has presented a number of documentaries about unusual or unconventional
people and groups in the UK, the US and elsewhere.[154] In the documentary, Theroux questioned Shirley
Phelps-Roper as to whether she had considered if Westboro's protests were more likely to "put people off
the Word of Jesus Christ and the Bible". In response, she said, "You think our job is to win souls to Christ.
All we do, by getting in their face and putting these signs in front of them and these plain words, is make
what's already in their heart come out of their mouth."[45] Later in the documentary, Phelps-Roper agreed
the $200,000 WBC annually spent to fly to funerals to protest was money spent to spread "God's hate".[45]
While being filmed by Theroux, it picketed a local appliance store because the store sold Swedish vacuum
cleaners, which the group viewed as being supportive of gay people because of Swedish prosecution of
Åke Green, a pastor critical of homosexuality.[155]

The website godhatesfags.com was prominently featured in The Jeremy Kyle Show, a talk show aired on
the ITV network in the United Kingdom on June 5, 2007. Shirley Phelps-Roper and her daughters had
been invited to express their beliefs live via satellite. On the show, Kyle criticized the Phelpses for their
beliefs and referred to the Phelps children as "completely and utterly brainwashed", and to Phelps-Roper
herself as "deranged".[156]

In the June 21, 2007, Channel 4 documentary Keith Allen Will Burn in Hell, starring Keith Allen, on which
Phelps-Roper and some of her children agreed to appear, Phelps-Roper admitted on camera that her oldest
son, Samuel, was born out of wedlock. Allen declared Phelps-Roper's vocal condemnation of strangers
having sexual congress outside of marriage to be hypocritical as she was guilty of the same thing.[157]
Louis Theroux made a follow-up to his first documentary which was broadcast in the UK on April 3, 2011,
America's Most Hated Family in Crisis. Theroux reported that Westboro was in a state of "crisis" and
documented the departure of several young members.[158] Since then, two more prominent members have
left WBC.[159] Louis returned for a third documentary, Surviving America's Most Hated Family, in
2019.[160]

Gallery

A WBC member and A protest against Sign outside the

child protesting Jews, held by Church thanking
homosexuality at the Westboro Baptist God for the COVID-
Trinity Episcopal Church 19 pandemic
Church in Tulsa,
Oklahoma

See also
LGBT portal

Christianity portal

Islam portal

Judaism portal

Anti-Catholicism in the United States

Antisemitism in the United States
Criticism of Christianity
Hate speech
Islamophobia in the United States
List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBT hate
groups
Societal attitudes toward homosexuality

Notes
1. For hate group descriptor, see:
"Westboro Baptist Church" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100707223315/http://www.ad
l.org/learn/ext_us/WBC/default.asp?LEARN_Cat=Extremism&LEARN_SubCat=Extremi
 sm_in_America&xpicked=3&item=WBC). Anti-Defamation League. Archived from the
original (http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/WBC/default.asp?LEARN_Cat=Extremism&LE
ARN_SubCat=Extremism_in_America&xpicked=3&item=WBC) on July 7, 2010.
Retrieved June 20, 2010.
"Active U.S. Hate Groups (Kansas)" (http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/hate-map).
Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
Westcott, Kathryn (May 25, 2006). "Hate Group Targeted by Lawmakers" (http://news.bb
c.co.uk/2/hi/americas/5015552.stm). BBC News. Barre, Vermont. Retrieved June 20,
2010.
DeLong, Katie (May 21, 2009). "Hate Group Protests at Hamilton H.S." (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20110717070352/http://www.todaystmj4.com/news/local/45727977.html)
Milwaukee: WTMJ-TV. Archived from the original (http://www.todaystmj4.com/news/local/
45727977.html) on July 17, 2011. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
Lane, Ray (June 14, 2009). "Anti-Gay Hate Group Targets Seattle Churches" (http://www.
seattlepi.com/local/article/Anti-gay-hate-group-targets-Seattle-churches-1304527.php).
Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
McLaughlin, Mike & Einhorn, Erin (September 27, 2009). "Kansas Hate Group Westboro
Baptist Church Protest Brooklyn Synagogues" (http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/br
ooklyn/kansas-hate-group-westboro-baptist-church-protest-brooklyn-synagogues-article-
1.405633). Daily News. New York. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
Williams, Reed & Young, Chris I. (March 3, 2010). "Opponents Rally against Westboro
Baptist Hate Group" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100305025103/http://www2.timesdis
patch.com/rtd/news/local/article/HATE03_20100302-222805/327944/). Richmond
Times-Dispatch. Richmond, Virginia. Archived from the original (http://www2.timesdispat
ch.com/rtd/news/local/article/HATE03_20100302-222805/327944/) on March 5, 2010.
Retrieved March 23, 2014.
"Hate group protests this week" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100406033316/http://tem
ple-news.com/2010/03/30/hate-group-protests-this-week/). The Temple News.
Philadelphia: Temple University. March 30, 2010. Archived from the original (http://temple
-news.com/2010/03/30/hate-group-protests-this-week/) on April 6, 2010. Retrieved
June 30, 2010.
Fitzgerald, W.V. (June 16, 2010). "Interview with Westboro Baptist Church: Hate in the
Name of God" (http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/293364). DigitalJournal.com.
Retrieved June 20, 2010.
2. Specific Christian targets have included Catholics, Methodists, Episcopalians, Lutherans,
Presbyterians, Northern and Southern Baptists, Mormons, and Assembly of God pentecostal
Christians.[1]

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144. Mehta, Hemant (March 15, 2014). "Fred Phelps, Founder of the 'God Hates Fags' Westboro
Baptist Church, is on the 'Edge of Death' " (http://www.patheos.com/blogs/friendlyatheist/201
4/03/15/fred-phelps-founder-of-the-god-hates-fags-westboro-baptist-church-is-on-the-edge-o
f-death). Patheos.com. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
145. "Son of Fred Phelps Sr. says father voted out of church. WBC spokesman: Church doesn't
have a designated leader of church, adding WBC doesn't operate that way" (https://web.arch
ive.org/web/20161229222652/http://cjonline.com/news/local/2014-03-16/son-fred-phelps-sr-
says-father-voted-out-church). Topeka Capital-Journal. March 16, 2014. Archived from the
original (http://cjonline.com/news/local/2014-03-16/son-fred-phelps-sr-says-father-voted-out-
church) on December 29, 2016. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
146. Seth Andrews (August 15, 2012). "Nathan Phelps: Escaping Westboro Baptist Church - The
Thinking Atheist Radio Podcast #67 (30:08–33:44)" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9W
DURT-b_8s). The Thinking Atheist. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/202
11221/9WDURT-b_8s) from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
147. Elders excommunicate Phelps after power struggle, call for kindness within church (http://cjo
nline.com/news/2014-03-17/elders-excommunicate-phelps-after-power-struggle-call-kindne
ss-within-church), Topeka Capitol Journal, Steve Fry, March 17, 2014. Retrieved 21 April
2014.
148. Phelps-Roper, Megan (March 6, 2017), I grew up in the Westboro Baptist Church. Here's
why I left (https://www.ted.com/talks/megan_phelps_roper_i_grew_up_in_the_westboro_ba
ptist_church_here_s_why_i_left), retrieved April 11, 2017
149. "Leaving the Church – A Conversation with Megan Phelps-Roper" (https://www.samharris.or
g/podcast/item/leaving-the-church). Sam Harris. July 3, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
150. Ex-Westboro Baptist member Megan Phelps-Roper announces finalizing book draft, future
film plans (http://cjonline.com/life/food-fun/arts-entertainment/2017-08-28/ex-westboro-baptis
t-member-megan-phelps-roper-announces), Topeka Capitol Journal, Savanna Maue, August
29, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
151. Piers Morgan (March 11, 2013). "Former Westboro Baptist Church member Lauren Drain
speaks out: "They control what you believe, what you say, what you do" " (http://piersmorga
n.blogs.cnn.com/2013/03/05/former-westboro-baptist-church-member-lauren-drain-speaks-o
ut-they-control-what-you-believe-what-you-say-what-you-do/). Piersmorgan.blogs.cnn.com.
Retrieved December 4, 2013.
152. "Inside The Church Of Hate" (http://www.sky.com/skynews/article/0,,91136-1200311,00.htm
l), Sky News, October 25, 2005. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20060428001410/htt
p://www.sky.com/skynews/article/0%2C%2C91136-1200311%2C00.html) April 28, 2006, at
the Wayback Machine
153. Theroux, Louis. "Louis Theroux trailer" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66W_yGUERjY)
on YouTube. BBC Two.
154. "America's most hated family" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/6507971.stm)
(interview with Louis Theroux). BBC News. March 30, 2007.
155. Theroux, Louis (March 31, 2007). "God's Squad" (https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/
mar/31/tvandradio.usnews). The Guardian. London. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
156. "LGF on Jeremy Kyle" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140715025953/http://www.lgf.org.uk/n
ews/video-lgf-on-jeremy-kyle). The Lesbian & Gay Foundation. Archived from the original (ht
tp://www.lgf.org.uk/news/video-lgf-on-jeremy-kyle) on July 15, 2014. Retrieved January 29,
2012.
157. Allen, Keith (Director, host); Phelps-Roper, Shirley (Guest); Phelps-Roper, Samuel (Guest)
(2007). Keith Allen Will Burn In Hell (http://documentaryheaven.com/keith-allen-will-burn-in-
hell/#) (Television production). London: Channel 4. Event occurs at 33:29. "Is he [Samuel
Phelps-Roper] the illegitimate son?"
Phelps-Roper: "He's my son."
Allen: "Is he the illegitimate son?"
Phelps-Roper: "Yes."
Allen: "Are you going to hell?"
Phelps-Roper: "If the lord Jesus Christ did not die on that cross for me, for my sins, I am
going to hell."
Allen: "Are you going to hell because you had a child out of wedlock?"
Phelps-Roper: "That would not be the reason." "
158. Theroux, Louis (March 31, 2011). "BBC News - Louis Theroux: Westboro Baptist Church
revisited" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12919646). Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved
December 4, 2013.
159. "Megan Phelps-Roper leaves Westboro Baptist Church, apologizes for inflicting pain" (http://
fox4kc.com/2013/02/07/westboro-founders-granddaughter-leaves-church-takes-sister-with-h
er/). fox4kc.com. October 24, 2010. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
160. Mangan, Lucy (July 14, 2019). "Louis Theroux: Surviving America's Most Hated Family
review – a deeply uncomfortable watch" (https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/jul/
14/louis-theroux-surviving-americas-most-hated-family-review-a-deeply-uncomfortable-watc
h). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077). Retrieved
July 15, 2019.

External links
Official website (http://www.godhatesfags.com/) (godhatesfags.com)
Funeral Protests: Selected Federal Laws and Constitutional Issues (https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mi
sc/R41717.pdf) – Congressional Research Service
Westboro Baptist Church (https://curlie.org/Society/Issues/Race-Ethnic-Religious_Relations/
Hate/Hate_Groups/Christian/Westboro_Baptist_Church/) at Curlie
Weiner, Rachel (March 18, 2010). "Westboro Baptist Church Protests Outside Obama Girls'
School" (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/11/09/westboro-baptist-church-p_n_350766.h
tml). The Huffington Post. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
Mikulan, Steven (February 25, 2009). "H8ters L.A. Vacation: Fred Phelps' Antigay Baptists
Come Out on Oscar Night" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090829195827/http://www.lawee
kly.com/2009-02-26/columns/h8ters-l-a-vacation-fred-phelps-146-antigay-baptists-come-out-
on-oscar-night/). L.A. Weekly. Archived from the original (http://www.laweekly.com/2009-02-2
6/columns/h8ters-l-a-vacation-fred-phelps-146-antigay-baptists-come-out-on-oscar-night/)
on August 29, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2009.
Melloy, Kilian (March 12, 2009). "Phelps Clan Met with Revelry and Frat Boys in Chicago" (h
ttps://web.archive.org/web/20110710170644/http://www.edgeboston.com/index.php?ch=ne
ws&sc=&sc2=news&sc3=&id=88362). EDGE Boston. Archived from the original (http://www.
edgeboston.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=&sc2=news&sc3=&id=88362) on July 10, 2011.
Retrieved May 31, 2009.
"Hate Map KS" (http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/hate-map#s=KS). Southern Poverty
Law Center. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
 Carter, Joe (March 19, 2014). "9 Things You Should Know About Fred Phelps and Westboro
Baptist Church" (https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/9-things-you-should-know-about-f
red-phelps-and-westboro-baptist-church/). The Gospel Coalition.

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