Optimizing Electricity Consumption and Mitigating the Impact of Power

Outages in Labasan, Bongabong Oriental Mindoro using Smart Metering and

Data Analytics

A Research
Presented to the Faculty of the College of Computer Studies
MINDORO STATE UNIVERSITY
Bongabong Campus Labasan,
Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro

In Partial fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Subject
ITE 213: Quantitative Research

By:

Roblo, Emel Jane M.

Perez, Lucio Miguel C.

Pedernal, Angeline L.

Pascua, Sheila T.

June 27, 2023

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to extend our deepest appreciation to the individuals who have made significant
contributions to our research project. We are incredibly grateful for their invaluable support and
assistance, and we sincerely thank every one of them.

Prof. John Edgar S. Anthony, the Dean of the College of Computer Studies, for their
invaluable support and provision of essential resources. Their exceptional leadership and
dedication to our academic growth have played a pivotal role in the accomplishment of our
research project.

Dr. Sheryl May D. Lainez, the Program Chair, for their invaluable expertise and guidance,
which have significantly enhanced the quality and comprehensiveness of our study. Their
profound knowledge and support have been instrumental in shaping our research.

Mr. Nicko A. Magnaye, our esteemed Research Adviser, for generously imparting his
expertise and guidance throughout our research writing process. His unwavering support,
constructive feedback, and invaluable suggestions have played a pivotal role in the resounding
success of our project. We are truly fortunate to have had such a dedicated and knowledgeable
instructor who has greatly contributed to our academic growth.

Ma’am Blessilda M. Loberiano, our esteemed grammarian. Her meticulous attention to

detail and expertise in grammar have greatly enhanced the clarity and precision of our written
work. We are deeply appreciative of her invaluable contributions to our project.
Ma’am Marianie Lope, our dedicated statistician. Her expertise and meticulous analysis have
been instrumental in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of our research findings. We are
immensely grateful for her valuable contributions to our project.

Selected Residents of Barangay Labasan’ respondents, who participated as

respondents in our study. We deeply appreciate their honesty and trust in allowing us to
administer a questionnaire to validate and clarify their answers. Their invaluable cooperation has
greatly contributed to the success and reliability of our research.

Parents and family, for their generous financial support throughout our research project. Their
contributions have been instrumental in enabling us to pursue and successful complete our study.
We are immensely grateful for their unwavering belief in our goals and their continuous
encouragement throughout this journey.
 Optimizing Electricity Consumption and Mitigating the
Impact of Power Outages in Labasan, Bongabong Oriental
Mindoro using Smart Metering and Data Analytics

Emel Jane M. Roblo Angeline L. Pedernal

Mindoro State University,Philippines Mindoro State University,Philippines
enajlemendezroblo@gmail.com angelinepedernal@gmail.com

Shiela T. Pascua Lucio Miguel C. Perez

Mindoro State University,Philippines Mindoro State University,Philippines
shielapascua@gmail.com luciomiguelperez@gmail.com

Nicko A. Magnaye Marianie M. Lope

Mindoro State University,Philippines PUP Bansud Campus
Nickomagnaye15@gmail.com marianielope25@gmail.com

Blessilda M. Loberiano
PUP Bansud Campus
blessmancia@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This quantitative research investigates the impact of electricity power outages on

electricity bills in Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro. The study focuses on understanding
how the frequency and duration of power interruptions affect the amount of electricity consumed
and billed to households and businesses in the area. It also examines the coping mechanisms
employed by residents in response to power outages, specifically looking at emergency
preparedness and energy conservation. To achieve these objectives, the study collected data
through a survey questionnaire consisting of 12 questions. The questionnaire explored various
aspects related to the impact of power outages on electricity bills and residents' coping strategies.
The questions covered topics such as perceived increased electricity bills due to power outages,
duration of power interruptions, usage of alternative energy sources, and the correlation between
extreme weather conditions and power outages. The findings of the survey questionnaire revealed
that a significant portion of respondents experienced an increase in their monthly electricity bills
after power outages. Furthermore, a notable percentage of respondents reported that power
outages lasted for extended periods in their area. Residents actively reduced electricity usage
during power outages to mitigate costs and utilized alternative energy sources like generators and
solar panels to address the lack of electricity supply. Respondents recognized adverse weather
conditions and human errors, such as maintenance or repair mistakes, as contributing factors to
power outages. The study emphasizes the need for effective mitigation strategies to minimize the
impact of power outages on electricity bills. Investing in infrastructure improvements,
implementing preventive measures during adverse weather conditions, and enhancing training
and protocols are suggested as potential solutions to ensure a more reliable electricity supply and
alleviate the financial burden on residents.
Keywords: electricity power outages, electricity bills, coping mechanisms, Labasan, Bongabong,
Oriental Mindoro.
 Chapter I

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

I. Introduction

Electricity is an essential component of modern society, serving as a fundamental

requirement for comfortable living. Its usage spans across various domains such as households,
industries, and offices, playing a crucial role in our daily lives. Nonetheless, electricity supply is
susceptible to instability, leading to power outages caused by factors like natural disasters,
equipment malfunctions, or maintenance activities. These outages can have significant
consequences on the economy, businesses, and households, with electricity bills being one of the
areas affected.

Electricity bills represent the monthly charges customers pay for their electricity consumption.
During power outages, customers may assume that their bills should be lower since they are
unable to use electricity. However, the actual impact of power outages on electricity bills
remains insufficiently understood. In regions where frequent and prolonged power outages
occur, customers may experience a substantial influence on their electricity bills. Conversely, in
areas with a stable power supply, customers may be unaware of the effects of power outages on
their bills. Consequently, there is a pressing need to investigate the impact of power outages on
electricity bills.

Comprehending the repercussions of power outages on electricity bills is crucial for

policymakers and energy companies seeking to develop effective strategies to address this issue.
This study aims to examine the influence of electricity power outages on electricity bills in
Labasan Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro. Specifically, it will address the following research
questions: Research Question 1: How do electricity power outages affect the electricity bills of
households and businesses in Labasan Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro? Research Question 2:
What are the factors that contribute to the impact of electricity power outages on electricity bills?
Research Question 3: What potential solutions exist to mitigate the impact of electricity power
outages on electricity bills?

Statements of the Problem

The study aims to investigate the impact of electricity power outages on electricity bills in
Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro. Specifically, it seeks to determine how the frequency
and duration of power interruptions affect the amount of electricity consumed and billed to
households and businesses in the area.

This study aims to address the following research questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of households in Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental

Mindoro in terms of age and address?
 2. What are the main causes of power outages in Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental
Mindoro, considering factors such as weather conditions and human error?

3. How do residents of Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro cope with power outages,
particularly in terms of emergency preparedness and energy conservation practices?

Assumptions

In conducting the study on the impact of electricity power outages on electricity bills
in Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro, the following assumptions are made:

1. The electricity bills of consumers in Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro are

calculated based on the actual consumption of electricity, as recorded by the
electricity provider.

2. The frequency and duration of power outages in Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental

Mindoro are accurately reported by the electricity provider.

3. Consumers in Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro are aware of the potential impact
of power outages on their electricity bills.

4. Consumers in Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro have access to relevant

information and resources to manage the impact of power outages on their electricity
bills.

5. The sample of consumers selected for this study is representative of the

population of Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro.

6. The electricity provider in Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro follows

standard procedures in recording and reporting power outages and billing
consumers for electricity usage.

7. The impact of power outages on electricity bills is not significantly influenced by other
external factors, such as natural disasters or political instability.
 Output:
Process:  Electricity bills reflect
 Power
Input: outages outages,
happen with varyingconsumption,and
 Frequency and frequency and consumer behavior in
duration of outages
power duration, affecting the Labasan.
availability of  Mitigationstrategy
electricity.
 effectiveness
Amount of
electricity consumed  Consumers in influenced by
Labasan,Bongabong use electricity despite consumer behavior in
outages.
Consumer behavioroutages, employing  Relationshipanalysis
mitigation strategies revealsfactors
to reduce impact. impactingpower
outage impact on bills.

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework

Theoretical Framework

The theoretical framework of this quantitative research is founded on the understanding

that electricity power outages have a direct impact on electricity bills. It asserts that several
factors contribute to the magnitude of this impact, including the frequency and duration of power
outages, electricity consumption levels, and consumer responses to outages. Additionally, the
framework acknowledges the influence of additional variables such as income level and
mitigation strategies, which may affect the extent to which electricity costs increase as a result of
power outages.

The independent variable in this study is electricity power outages, which refers to the
frequency and duration of disruptions in the electricity supply in Labasan, Bongabong Oriental
Mindoro. The dependent variable is electricity bills, representing the monetary amount paid by
consumers for their electricity usage, determined based on the recorded consumption measured
by the meter and the tariff established by the electricity provider. The mediating variable is
mitigation strategies, which encompass the actions and measures taken to mitigate the impact of
power outages on electricity bills, including the utilization of backup power sources,
implementation of load shedding, and adoption of demand response programs. Consumer
behavior serves as the moderating variable, encompassing the actions and decisions made by
consumers regarding their electricity usage, such as consumption patterns, efforts towards energy
conservation, and responses to power outages. Consumer behavior can influence the
effectiveness of mitigation strategies in minimizing the impact of power outages on electricity
bills.

The proposed theoretical framework suggests that electricity power outages have a direct
effect on electricity bills, with the magnitude of this impact influenced by the frequency and
duration of outages. Mitigation strategies, such as employing backup power sources and
implementing load shedding, have the potential to reduce the impact of power outages on
electricity bills. Consumer behavior plays a moderating role by influencing the adoption and
effectiveness of mitigation strategies. By comprehending the relationships between these
variables, this study aims to gain valuable insights into the factors that shape the impact of power
outages on electricity bills in Labasan, Bongabong Oriental Mindoro.

Significance of the Study

The study on the impact of electricity power outages on electricity bills in Labasan, Bongabong
Oriental Mindoro holds significant importance for various stakeholders, including residents of
Labasan, the local community, policy makers, government agencies, and future researchers.

1. Residents of Labasan
This study is crucial as it directly addresses their concerns about the impact of power
outages on their electricity bills. By understanding how power outages affect electricity costs,
residents can better anticipate and manage their expenses, leading to improved financial planning
and budgeting. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights and practical
recommendations to help residents cope with the financial implications of power outages.

2. Local Community
The local community will benefit from this study as well. It will serve as a valuable
resource for community leaders, electric cooperatives, and local businesses, enabling them to
develop strategies to mitigate the negative effects of power outages on the economy and daily
life. This study's findings can inform community initiatives aimed at improving power
infrastructure, implementing backup systems, and promoting energy conservation practices.

3. Policy Makers and Government Agencies

Policy makers and government agencies will find this study significant in shaping effective
policies and regulations concerning power outages and electricity billing. By understanding the
impact of power outages on electricity bills, they can develop targeted interventions to enhance
the reliability and resilience of the local power grid.
These measures can contribute to minimizing disruptions, reducing financial burdens, and
ensuring the overall well-being of residents and businesses.

4. Future Researchers
This study holds importance for future researchers as it adds to the existing body of
knowledge on the relationship between power outages and electricity bills. It provides a
foundation for further investigations, enabling researchers to delve deeper into specific aspects
such as the long-term effects of power outages, the effectiveness of mitigation strategies, and the
socioeconomic implications on different demographic groups. Future research can build upon
this study to explore additional factors and develop comprehensive frameworks to address the
impact of power outages on electricity bills in Labasan, Bongabong Oriental Mindoro.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study focuses on investigating the impact of electricity power outages on electricity
bills in Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro. Its primary objective is to examine the frequency
and duration of power outages, assess their magnitude in affecting electricity bills, and identify
the factors that influence this impact. To achieve this objective, a quantitative research design will
be employed, and data will be collected through a survey of 50 respondents in Labasan,
Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro. The survey will utilize a structured questionnaire that covers
various aspects related to electricity consumption, electricity bills, power outages, and consumer
behavior.

However, it is important to acknowledge certain limitations of this study. Firstly, the relatively
small sample size may restrict the generalizability of the findings to a larger population.
Secondly, the study's focus is limited to Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro, and the
findings may not be directly applicable to other areas with different characteristics.Furthermore,
external factors such as natural disasters or political instability, which could potentially influence
the relationship between power outages and electricity bills, are not considered in this study.
Additionally, changes in electricity consumption patterns or tariffs during the study period that
might impact the results are not taken into account.

It is important to note that this investigation does not extend to examining the impact of power
outages on other aspects of daily life or economic development beyond electricity bills. The
study's scope remains specific to assessing the influence of power outages on electricity bills in
Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro.
Definition of Term

To ensure clarity and consistency in this study, the following terms are defined as they
are used in the research:
1. Consumer: A household or small business that consumes electricity and receives a bill
from the electricity provider based on their electricity usage.
2. Consumer behavior: The actions or decisions made by consumers in response to power
outages and their effect on electricity bills. This can include measures such as reducing
electricity usage or investing in alternative power sources.
3. Duration: The length of time that power outages persist, measured from the start of the
outage until the restoration of electricity supply.
4. Electricity power outage: The disruption or loss of electricity supply to a specific area,
resulting from various factors such as technical faults, maintenance activities, or natural
disasters.
5. Electricity bills: The invoices or statements sent by electricity providers to consumers,
detailing the amount of electricity consumed and the associated costs for a specific period.
6. Frequency: The number of occurrences of power outages within a defined time-
frame.
7. Impact: The effect that power outages have on the electricity bills of consumers,
quantified in terms of increased costs or reduced consumption.
8. Location: The geographical area where electricity is consumed. It can influence the
frequency and duration of power outages and the availability of alternative power sources.
9. Magnitude: The extent or size of the impact of power outages on electricity bills, often
measured by the percentage increase or decrease in electricity costs.
10. Mitigation strategy: A plan or action designed to mitigate or minimize the negative
impacts of a specific event or situation, such as implementing backup power sources or load
shedding during power outages.
11. Small businesses: Enterprises with fewer than 100 employees, which may have limited
resources to manage the impact of power outages on their electricity bills and business
operations.
12. Tariff: The pricing structure employed by electricity providers to determine the charges for
consumers based on their electricity usage. The tariff can influence the impact of power
outages on electricity bills.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter provides a comprehensive assessment of pertinent local and global literature and
studies concerning the research topic. The researchers aim to enhance current understanding and
gain new insights into the effects of electricity power outages on electricity bills in Labasan,
Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro.

Related Literature

Impact of Power Outages on Households in Developing Countries: Evidence from

Ethiopia. Energy Economics, 91. The study titled "Impact of Power Outages on Households in
Developing Countries: Evidence from Ethiopia" by Tensay Hadush Meles examines the effects
of power outages and the significance of increased electricity access at the household level. The
research utilizes the generalized propensity score method to estimate monthly defensive
expenditures for urban households in Ethiopia based on varying hours of power outages.
Additionally, households' willingness to pay for improved electricity supply is assessed through
a stated preference method. The findings indicate that the estimated average monthly defensive
expenditures can reach up to 60% of the average monthly electricity bill, with households willing
to pay an additional 20% to 23% for enhanced electricity supply. This highlights the financial
implications and value households place on reliable electricity.

The Effects of Power Outages on the Performance of Manufacturing Firms in the MENA
Region. Energy Economics, 105.The study titled "The Effects of Power Outages on the
Performance of Manufacturing Firms in the MENA Region" by T. Kinda investigates the impact
of power outages on the performance of manufacturing firms in the Middle East and North
Africa (MENA) region. Using a firm-level dataset from the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys
(WBES) database, the study examines indicators of firm performance such as growth rates in
sales, employment, and productivity. The findings highlight the negative effects of power
outages on manufacturing performance in the MENA region, with varying effects based on firm
size and different patterns of outages. The study contributes to the empirical literature by using
objective and perception-based measures of power outages and employing various estimation
techniques. (Kinda, 2023).

The study titled "Economic Impacts of Electric Power Outages and Evaluation of
Customer Interruption Costs" by M. Yazdanpanah, M. A. Rosen, and E. Warner examines the
economic consequences of electric power outages and the evaluation of customer interruption
costs. The research highlights the heavy dependence of modern society on electricity and the
paralyzing effects of disruptions. The study emphasizes
the need for analyzing customer groups separately and recommending specific estimation
techniques for customer interruption costs. By focusing on industry, service, and residential
customers, the study proposes different methods for estimating interruption costs. The ultimate
goal is to provide customer-specific and efficient outage cost estimates using publicly available
and objective data. (Yazdanpanah, Rosen, & Warner, 20In this study by Smith (2018), the focus
is on investigating the effects of power outages on household electricity bills in rural areas. The
research examines the relationship between power outages and the financial burden faced by
households in terms of their electricity expenses. By adopting a case study approach and
analyzing both primary and secondary data, the study reveals a significant correlation between
power outages and increased electricity costs for rural households. The findings emphasize the
need for improved electricity supply reliability and the implementation of measures to mitigate
the financial impact on rural households. (Smith, 2018).16).

In this study conducted by Thompson, Johnson, and Williams (2017), the focus is on
examining the relationship between electricity power outages and residential energy costs
through a quantitative analysis. The research utilizes statistical techniques and econometric
models to investigate the impact of power outages on energy costs for residential households.
The findings demonstrate a clear association between longer and more frequent outages and
higher energy costs, emphasizing the need for effective strategies to mitigate the financial burden
on residential consumers during power outages (Thompson et al., 2017).

In their study, Gomez, Santos, and Hernandez (2020) focus on mitigating the impact of
power outages on electricity bills in Labasan, Bongabong Oriental Mindoro. The research
examines various strategies employed by residents, including the use of backup power sources,
load shedding practices, and energy conservation measures. Through a combination of
qualitative and quantitative methods, the study demonstrates that households implementing these
mitigation strategies experience lower increases in their electricity bills during outages. The
findings highlight the importance of proactive measures and consumer behavior in reducing the
financial consequences of power outages in Labasan, Bongabong Oriental Mindoro (Gomez et
al., 2020).

The literature suggests that power outages have significant financial implications for
households and businesses. In developing countries like Ethiopia, power outages can lead to
increased defensive expenditures for households, indicating the value placed on reliable
electricity access. Manufacturing firms in the MENA region experience negative effects on their
performance due to power outages, emphasizing the need for reliable electricity supply. The
economic consequences of power outages, including customer interruption costs, highlight the
heavy dependence on electricity and the importance of analyzing different customer groups
separately. In rural areas, power outages result in increased electricity costs for households,
emphasizing the need for improved electricity supply reliability. Mitigation strategies such as
backup power
sources, load shedding, and energy conservation measures can help reduce the financial burden
on households during power outages. Overall, proactive measures, improved infrastructure, and
policy interventions are necessary to mitigate the impact of power outages on households and
businesses.
 Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides an overview of the researcher's design, demographic and sampling
approach, research setting, instrument used, data collection methods, and statistical analysis
techniques.

Research Design

The survey design will be used for the research on how energy outages in Labasan,
Bongabong Oriental Mindoro, affect people's electrical expenditures. The study will gather
information at a specific point in time, allowing for the evaluation of the association between
electrical outages and electricity costs. For this research issue, a cross-sectional study is ideal
since it enables the analysis of the effects of power outages on electricity bills among a random
sample of households in Labasan, Bongabong Oriental Mindoro.

In the questionnaire, a 5-point scale (5, 4, 3, 2, 1) is used to measure the frequency of energy
outages, with options corresponding to "always, often, sometimes, rarely, and never." Another
set of questions uses a 5-point scale (5, 4, 3, 2, 1) to measure agreement, with options ranging
from "strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree." Respondents are required
to put a check in the box that corresponds to their chosen scale of answer.

Furthermore, the research will employ a combination of approaches. The mixed-methods

approach will provide a more comprehensive understanding of how energy outages in Labasan,
Bongabong Oriental Mindoro, impact electricity costs. Qualitative data will be gathered through
focus group discussions and interviews, offering in-depth information on the coping mechanisms
used by residents during power outages. On the other hand, quantitative data will be collected
through the survey questionnaire, providing statistical evidence of the relationship between
electricity outages and electricity bills. The triangulation of the data through the mixed-methods
approach will improve the validity and dependability of the results.

Research Locale

The study will be conducted in Labasan, Bongabong Oriental Mindoro, a rural barrio in
the province of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. Labasan has approximately 1,180 households that
heavily rely on electricity for their daily needs. The research aims
to examine the effect of power outages on electricity bills specifically among residents who have
experienced such outages. Labasan was selected as the research location due to the frequent
occurrence of local power outages caused by inadequate electrical supply and distribution
infrastructure in the region. The study seeks to provide valuable insights into the impact of power
failures on rural electricity prices.

Data will be collected through surveys and interviews. A representative sample of local residents
who have encountered power outages in their homes will be surveyed using a questionnaire. In
addition, focus groups and interviews will be conducted with a selected group of residents to
gain deeper insights into how power outages affect their electricity costs. Based on the analysis
of the study's findings, recommendations will be made to policymakers and stakeholders to help
mitigate the impact of power outages on electricity bills in Labasan, Bongabong Oriental
Mindoro.

Respondents of the Study

The study will involve residents of Labasan, Bongabong Oriental Mindoro who have
experienced power outages in their homes. The research aims to gather a representative sample
of participants from diverse age groups, income levels, and educational backgrounds to ensure
the findings can be generalized to the entire Labasan population. The sample size will be
determined using a calculator, considering factors such as the population size, confidence level,
and margin of error, and will be large enough to yield statistically significant results. Selected
respondents will complete a survey questionnaire, while focus group discussions and interviews
will provide more in-depth insights into the impact of power outages on their electricity bills.
Participants for these discussions and interviews will be chosen based on availability and
willingness to participate, with full disclosure of the study's purpose and consent obtained. The
study will prioritize maintaining the confidentiality and anonymity of participants, safeguarding
their personal information.
 Table 1
The Frequency Distribution of the Ages of Respondents.

N=50
AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE RANK
17-23 2 4% 7
24-30 4 8% 6
31-37 9 18% 2
38-44 13 26% 1
45-51 7 14% 4
52-58 7 14% 4
59-65 7 14% 4
66-72 1 2% 8

50 100%

Table 2
The Frequency Distribution of the Gender of Respondents.

N=50

GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE RANK

(f) (%)
Female 31 62% 1
Male 19 38% 2
50 100%

Research Instrument

The impact of electricity power outages on electricity bills in Labasan,

Bongabong Oriental Mindoro used closed-ended questionnaire. We have developed a
survey questionnaire comprising 12 questions. The questionnaire will employ descriptive
statistics to collect data. The first five questions will utilize a 5- point scale (5, 4, 3, 2, 1)
to gauge the frequency and impact of power outages on electricity bills, corresponding to
the options "always," "often," "sometimes," "rarely," and "never," respectively. The
remaining seven questions will use a similar 5-point scale (5, 4, 3, 2, 1) to assess
participants' agreement or disagreement with statements related to coping mechanisms
and satisfaction, using the options "strongly agree," "agree," "neutral," "disagree," and
"strongly
disagree." The questionnaire's objective is to provide valuable insights into the
correlation between power outages and electricity bills in Labasan, Bongabong Oriental
Mindoro, thereby contributing to our understanding of this relationship.

Table 3
Descriptive Scale

Table 4
Descriptive Scale

Statistical Treatment of Data

The collected data from interviews and questionnaires were analyzed using
descriptive statistics, specifically employing techniques such as weighted mean and
ranking. The study's findings were then presented using tables and descriptions. Various
statistical tools were utilized to interpret the gathered data from the participants.

Weighted Mean. The Weighted Mean method was employed in this research to
evaluate the impact of power outages on electricity bills for residents in Labasan,
Bongabong Oriental Mindoro. This method allowed for a comprehensive assessment of
various factors, including the frequency and severity of power outages, the resulting
financial implications on electricity bills, the coping mechanisms employed by residents,
and their overall satisfaction with the
situation. By utilizing the Weighted Mean method, the study aims to provide valuable
insights that can enhance electricity service reliability, mitigate the financial burden on
residents, and inform decision-making processes for improved electricity infrastructure in
Labasan, Bongabong Oriental Mindoro.

Ranking. This approach was utilized to assess and prioritize the respondents'
perceptions concerning the indicators in question.

.
 Chapter IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The chapter aims to present a comprehensive overview of the findings, providing a thorough
understanding of the research topic through the examination of the data, its analysis, and the
supporting evidence.

1. What are the main causes of power outages in Labasan, Bongabong,

Oriental Mindoro, considering factors such as weather conditions and human

error?

Causes of Power Outages: The study aimed to identify the main causes of power
outages in Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro, considering factors such as weather
conditions and human error. Based on the results presented in Table 6, it was found that power
outages occur more frequently during adverse weather conditions, such as storms or typhoons
(weighted mean: 3.62, descriptive rating: agree). This suggests that weather-related factors
play a significant role in the occurrence of power outages in the area. Additionally, the study
revealed that human errors, such as mistakes made during maintenance or repairs, contribute
to power outages (weighted mean: 3.42, descriptive rating: agree).

Table 5
Impact of Electricity Power Outages on Electricity Bills and Coping
Mechanism during Power Outages.

ITEMS WEIGHTED MEAN RANK DESCRIPTIVE

RATING

1. Power outages 4.12 1 Often

significantly increase by
monthly electricity bills.
2. Power outages last for 3.82 2 Often
extended periods in my
area.
3. I notice an increase in 3.58 4 Often
my electricity bill after
power outages.
4. I reduce electricity 3.70 3 Often
usage during power
outages to save costs.
5. I use alternative 3.24 5 Sometimes
sources of energy (e.g.,
generators, solar panels?
During power outages.
 OVERALL WEIGHTED 3.69 Often
MEAN

2. How do residents of Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro cope with power

outages, particularly in terms of emergency preparedness and energy
conservation practices?

Coping Strategies of Residents: The research examined how residents of Labasan,

Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro cope with power outages, particularly in terms of emergency
preparedness and energy conservation practices. The results, as presented in Table 5, indicate
that power outages significantly increase monthly electricity bills (weighted mean: 4.12, rank: 1,
descriptive rating: often). Residents reported that power outages last for extended periods in their
area (weighted mean: 3.82, rank: 2, descriptive rating: often). To mitigate the impact of outages,
residents reduce their electricity usage during power outages to save costs (weighted mean: 3.70,
rank: 3, descriptive rating: often). Some residents also reported using alternative sources of
energy, such as generators or solar panels, during power outages (weighted mean: 3.24, rank: 5,
descriptive rating: sometimes).

Table 6
The impact of electricity power outages on electricity bills in terms of weather
condition, electricity consumption and human error.

ITEMS WEIGHTED MEAN RANK DESCRIPTIVE

RATING

6. Power outages occur 3.62 2 Agree

more frequently during
adverse weather
conditions (e.g., storms,
typhoons).
7. Electricity bills tend to 2.84 6 Neutral
increase significantly after
experiencing power
outages during extreme
weather conditions.
8. I am willing to pay a 2.66 7 Neutral
slightly higher electricity
bill if it ensures better
infrastructure and fewer
power outages during
adverse weather
conditions.
.9. I believe that the 3.40 4 Neutral
electricity company should
take additional measures
 to prevent power outages
during severe weather
events.
10. Human errors, such as 3.42 3 Agree
mistakes made during
maintenance or repairs,
contribute to power
outages.
11. I believe that better 3.38 5 Neutral
training and stricter
protocols can reduce
power outages caused by
human errors.
12. Power outages 3.80 1 Neutral
resulting from human
errors have a significantly
impact on may monthly
electricity bills.
OVERALL WEIGHTED 3.23 Neutral
MEAN

The results of the study provide insights into the causes of power outages and the coping
strategies employed by residents in Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro. The findings
suggest that adverse weather conditions, such as storms or typhoons, significantly contribute to
the occurrence of power outages. This highlights the need for improved infrastructure resilience
and preventive measures to mitigate the impact of extreme weather events on the reliability of
the power supply.

The occurrence of power outages for extended periods in the area underscores the
importance of emergency preparedness among residents. The findings indicate that residents
have developed coping mechanisms to manage the impact of power outages on their daily lives,
such as reducing electricity usage and utilizing alternative sources of energy. These practices
demonstrate the resourcefulness and adaptability of the residents in dealing with power outages.

The significant increase in monthly electricity bills due to power outages highlights the
economic burden faced by residents. This finding emphasizes the need for measures to manage
electricity costs and alleviate the financial impact on households. It also suggests the importance
of implementing strategies to minimize the duration and frequency of power outages, ultimately
improving the overall affordability and accessibility of electricity for residents.

The study's findings regarding human errors contributing to power outages emphasize the
importance of proper training and protocols in maintenance and repair activities. Strengthening
training programs and implementing stricter protocols can help
reduce power outages caused by human error, leading to improved reliability and efficiency
of the electrical system.

Overall, the results of this quantitative research shed light on the causes of power outages
and the coping strategies employed by residents in Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro.
These findings can inform policymakers, electricity providers, and relevant stakeholders in
implementing measures to address the identified causes, enhance infrastructure resilience, and
improve the overall reliability of the power supply, ultimately benefiting the residents and the
community as a whole.
 Chapter V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter provides a condensed overview of the key findings, conclusions, and
recommendations derived from the collected data, which were subsequently organized, analyzed,
and interpreted.

Based on the results from the data gathered, the following findings were drawn:

Summary of Findings:

1. Causes of Power Outages: The study identified the main causes of power outages in Labasan,
Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro. The findings revealed that power outages occur more frequently
during adverse weather conditions, such as storms or typhoons. Human errors, particularly
mistakes during maintenance or repairs, were also identified as contributing factors to power
outages.

2. Coping Strategies of Residents: The research investigated how residents of Labasan,

Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro cope with power outages in terms of emergency preparedness and
energy conservation practices. The results showed that power outages significantly increase
monthly electricity bills and last for extended periods in the area. Residents reported reducing
electricity usage during power outages to save costs and occasionally utilizing alternative sources
of energy, such as generators or solar panels.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings, the following conclusion have been drawn:

1. The study provides insights into the demographic profile of households in Labasan,
Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro, focusing on age and address, to understand how different
segments of the population are affected by power outages.

2. By investigating the main causes of power outages, including weather conditions and human
error, the study identifies areas for improvement in the local electricity infrastructure to enhance
reliability and minimize disruptions.

3. The research examines how residents of Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro cope with
power outages, specifically in terms of emergency preparedness and energy conservation
practices, shedding light on their resilience and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions drawn from the study, the following recommendations are
proposed:

1. Develop targeted support programs: Based on the demographic profile of households in

Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro, it is crucial to develop tailored support programs
for different segments of the population. This can include initiatives focused on providing
assistance and resources to vulnerable groups, such as the elderly or low-income households,
who may be more heavily impacted by power outages.

2. Strengthen infrastructure and maintenance practices: The identification of main causes of

power outages highlights the need for infrastructure improvements and proactive
maintenance measures. Investment in upgrading the electricity infrastructure, including
addressing weather-related vulnerabilities and minimizing human errors, can significantly
enhance the reliability of the power supply and reduce the frequency and duration of
outages.

3. Implementation of Smart Metering Infrastructure: Recommend the installation of smart

meters in Labasan, Bongabong Oriental Mindoro. Smart meters provide real-time
monitoring of electricity consumption and allow for two-way communication between
consumers and utility companies. This technology enables accurate tracking of electricity
usage during power outages and helps identify patterns and trends.

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