Garnet Group 7 Chapter 1 5

INSTALLATION OF SOLAR PANELS FOR
ENERGY-EFFICIENT ELECTRICITY
CONSUMPTION IN BINHS
A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School Department
BUHAYNASAPA INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
San Juan, Batangas
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for

Practical Research 2 – Quantitative Research
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics Strand
by
Marvin B. Abante
Jan Clyde B. Bragas
Aijen Lee S. Dayo
Trixie P. De Castro
Redd M. Villarosa
January 2024
I
� Buhaynasapa, San Juan, Batangas
✆ (043)-575-45-81  buhaynasapa_nhs@yahoo.com.ph
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Empowering Learners, Developing Leaders
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………...………...i
TABLE OF CONTENTS………….………………………………………...…………viii
LIST OF TABLES…..…………………..………………………..…………................xi
LIST OF FIGURES………………………….…………………………...…...............xiii
CHAPTER
1. THE PROBLEM
Introduction….....…………………………….………………………....1
Statement of the Problem…………....…………..………………..…6
Hypothesis…...………………....…....…………..….…………………10
Conceptual Framework...…………....…………..….……………..…7
Scope, Delimitations, and Limitations of the Study……………….…10
Significance of the Study………...………………….….…….……….11
Definition of Terms …….....…………..…………….….…………….14
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual Literature……………………….………………………....1
Related Studies………………………....…………..………………..…6
Synthesis……………….....…………....…………..….……………..…7
REFERENCES......……………..………………………………………...……...…....18
II
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
Electricity is essential in the industry, however due to the reliance on fossil
fuels for generating energy, the electric bill in the Philippines increased that is why
an alternative way to generate energy should be implemented. Installation of solar
panels is needed in addressing the power interruption due to unforeseen
circumstances and if they have a solar panel, they can still use it even without
electricity. In addition, installing a solar panel at home or in school will help people
become more environmentally friendly since solar panels are a clean and green
source of energy with a minimal carbon footprint compared to traditional fossil
fuels. However, electricity consumption is also a factor of having a solar panel
because if they have a solar panel, it will reduce the electricity consumption.
Additionally, having a solar panel will help people to lessen the problems that they
encounter because usually, the problem is how to pay for their electricity
consumption. Researchers aim to clarify the extent to which integrating solar
energy technologies influences and potentially mitigates electric consumption
patterns by examining the relationship between these variables.
Meanwhile, Buhaynasapa Integrated National Highschool suffer from high
electricity bills. The electricity bill of the aforementioned school was averaging
about 50,000 per month that is why the head of school is always thinking about
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where to get payment for this bill. Since, Buhaynasapa Integrated National
Highschool is a huge school and there are so many classrooms, their electricity bill
is also a high amount, and also there are so many appliances being used every
day. Due to these situations, schools are obliged to reduce the use of technology
or gadgets, and students are also not allowed to charge their mobile phones at
school. Aside from that, the students have a limitation on using appliances,
especially an electric fan, but the television has no limitation because it is the tool
to see the students the PowerPoint presentations of their subject teachers.
According to Pereyras (2019). Solar power installation will provide an
immense starting point for this call for awareness-raising of environmental issues
and implementing sustainable practices. However, the researchers found that
there is a lack of study regarding the installments of solar panels in San Juan,
Batangas which is school-based. This study has surveyed many of the solar power
installation's non-financial advantages. Moreover, it lack to focus on the financial
advantages of the installation of solar panels. Consequently, most of the solar
installation focuses on agricultural aspects and not on schools.
Due to this problem, the researchers are highly motivated to find a solution
for the high electricity consumption of Buhaynasapa Integrated National
Highschool. The researchers are recommending to the school administrator for the
installation of solar panels to reduce the energy consumption of the school. It is
efficient in Buhaynasapa Integrated National Highschool to install a solar panel
because it can lead to long-term cost savings on energy bills, allowing schools to
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allocate resources to other educational needs. Assessing the installation of solar
panels positively affects the power system in Buhaynasapa Integrated National
Highschool, thus developing solar electrification and promoting a green energy
environment for students and teachers. The researchers are only recommending
it to the school directors since solar panels are expensive, if they can afford them.
The main goal of the study is to address the efficiency of installation of solar
panels for reducing electric consumption in Buhaynasapa Integrated National
Highschool. Conducting this study would be a great help in addressing the issue
regards to the electric bills of school. It will also help in directing more financial
resources toward the school's main objective. Additionally, reducing electric
consumption in Buhaynasapa Integrated National Highschool is beneficial.
Moreover, by lowering energy costs, schools can direct funds to improve
educational programs, and buy educational materials that are advantageous to
both staff and students.
Based on observations, school suffers from high electricity bill and power
outage have a huge impact on students' and teachers' learning environment.
Power interruption and high electric bill could make the school financial status low.
Also, some of the teaching strategies of the teachers require the use of electricity
and bring difficulties in their academic performance instead.
The role of the researchers is to recommend the investment of solar panel to the
school directors. The primary responsibility of the researchers is to conduct a
comprehensive assessment of the school's needs in terms of energy and the
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capacity of solar energy generation. This includes analysing historical electricity
usage data, estimating the costs that might be spend for installing solar panels and
for the maintenance, and evaluating the geographic location of the school for solar
viability. In addition, researchers must explore available incentives and financing
options just to make sure that the proposal aligns with the school's funds. With the
help of the findings and data-driven insights, the directors will be well-informed and
will be able to understand the purpose and benefits of the proposal about
implementing solar panels, considering the financial, environmental, and long-term
benefits.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to recommend the installation of solar panel for efficient
electricity consumption in Buhaynasapa Integrated National High school.
Specifically, this study seeks answers to the following questions:
1. What is the monthly electric consumption of Buhaynasapa Integrated
National High School during the first quarter of school year 2023-2024?
2. What are the practices of teachers and students in conserving energy?
3. Is there a significant relationship between the electric consumption and
practices by the teachers and students in conserving energy?
4. How do the respondents perceive the installation of solar panel as
renewable energy sources in school?
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5. Based on the findings, what design of solar panel may be suggested
for installation?
Hypothesis
This study will test this null hypothesis:
1. There is no significant relationship between the electric consumption and
practices by the teachers and students in conserving energy.
Conceptual Framework
In response to the growing need for sustainable energy solutions, the
installation of solar panels at the BINHS school marks a significant stride towards
efficient electricity consumption. Adopting renewable energy sources not only
supports international environmental objectives but also sets a positive example
for the neighbourhood and students. This study aims to use solar energy to lower
energy costs, decrease the school's carbon footprint, and promote environmental
responsibility among the next generation of leaders.
Hence, the relationship between these two variables helps the
researchers to conduct this research study. The researchers have come up with
the utilization of solar design that will help with the installation of solar panels. The
structure of this study is presented through a conceptual paradigm that is divided
into three parts: the input, the process, and the output. The research paradigm of
this study is presented in Figure 1.
The first part of the research paradigm, which is the input, contains the
monthly electric consumption of BINHS during the first quarter of the school year
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2023-2024. It also includes the practices of teachers and students to conserve
energy, like using energy-efficient lighting and unplugging electronic devices. It
likewise focuses on the perceptions of the respondents toward the installation of
solar panels as renewable energy sources in schools.
The second part of the research paradigm is the process, which
contains the way in which the data and information needed will be gathered, such
as questionnaire and survey. They will also work closely with the teachers of
BINHS and the class president of the students to ensure that the instruments are
utilized appropriately according to their intended purpose.
The last part of the research paradigm contains the output, which
helps the school administrator with the installation of solar panels in BINHS. The
proposed output is the utilization of the design of a solar panel, which is based on
a thorough observation by the researchers in this study. Guided by this notion, the
conceptual paradigm of this study was established, as shown in Figure 1. It is
presented using the IPO Model with three parts namely, the Input, Process and
Output
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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Monthly electric
consumption of
BINHS during the
first quarter of
school year 2023-
2024
Practices of
teachers and Questionnaire, Design of Solar
students to Survey Panel
conserve energy
Perception of the
respondents in the
installation of solar
panel as a
renewable energy
sources in schol
Figure 1
Research Paradigm of the Study
Scope, Delimitations, and Limitations of the Study
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This study will focus on monthly electric consumption of Buhaynasapa
Integrated National High School during the first quarter of school year 2023 - 2024.
It will also cover how the students and teachers assess their practices to conserve
energy in terms of using energy efficient lighting and unplugging electronic device.
The Descriptive Research design will be used with the teachers and students of
BINHS as a respondents.
The study is limited to the respondent assessments and the data to be
gathered using questionnaires and surveys. Due to restrictions of the usage of
electricity, the researchers will utilize survey forms to reach out the larger
respondents. To ensure that the instruments will meaningfully use according to
their purpose, the researchers will carefully coordinate with the teaching and non-
teaching personnels.
The said respondents are the teachers and students that are using
electricity in BINHS. Teachers and students from other schools are not included in
the pool of respondents. The study only focused on the installation of solar panels
and the electric consumption of BINHS. Other problems in electricity in BINHS that
are not mentioned in the objective will also not be considered.
Significance of the Study
This study deals with installation of solar panels for efficient electricity
consumption in Buhaynasapa Integrated National Highschool. The findings of this
study will be of great significance to the school administrators, teachers, students,
present researchers and future researchers
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School Administrator. This study will help them to gain information about
the effectiveness of installation of solar panels in reducing electricity consumption
of the school. In addition, the result of the study will help them to create decisions
on installation of solar panels in reducing the electricity bill of the school. This will
help them to have a deeper understanding of the installment of solar panels as a
means for reducing electricity consumption.
Teachers. This study will be beneficial for the teachers as these can give a
healthy learning environment. Moreover, they can be aware of the problems that
the students encountered in the usage of electricity. Additionally, the results of the
study will help them to have an improved learning environment while having no
issue about the usage electricity.
Students. The information provided in the study will help the students to
learn the impact of the solar panel in reducing electricity. They might also
understand the importance of electricity consumption. Moreover, students will
know different perceptions on how to use solar panels as a renewable energy. With
this, they can be informed about the effects of installation of solar panels for
efficient electricity consumption.
Present Researchers. This study can serve as a way for the present
researcher to improve their research writing skills. This may also help them to
enhance their critical thinking skills as they elaborate research to fulfill what they
are searching for. Also, they will acquire more knowledge about the topic that they
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are studying. Hence, this will not only develop their writing skills but more
importantly, they could also provide solutions to the problems being discussed.
Future Researchers. The findings of this study may serve as reference
when the future researchers conduct investigation on similar subject or topic. In
addition, some points of the study may help them to further strengthen their own
research. This study will also be of great help in their upcoming research
endeavour as it could trigger further investigation regarding the topic under study.
Lastly, it may act as their guide on how to conduct a quantitative research.
Definition of Terms
The following terms were defined conceptually and operationally based on
the context of the study.
Electricity Consumption. This pertains to a profession, that is relevant
with demographic data, dwelling characteristics and geographical and climate
conditions (Kotsila and Polychronidou, 2021). In this study, electricity consumption
is the main problem of the BINHS that need a solution to reduce the
aforementioned problem.
Electricity. It means that it is a prerequisite for social, industrial, and
commercial development, and therefore any research and innovation that brings
electricity technology a step forward will cause a tremendous positive impact
(Sumper and Ferreira, 2020). In this study, electricity measures the amount of
electricity that is generated by a solar panel.
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Electronic Device. It means the act of using an electronic device and highly
sensitive digital data, including personal information that can lead to identity theft
are stored on electronic devices (Sanga 2016). In this study electronic devices are
the tools that consumed a high electricity.
Energy-efficient lighting. It refers to lighting technologies and practices
designed to use less electricity while providing adequate illumination and this often
involves using bulbs and fixtures that convert a higher percentage of energy into
visible light (Apipuchayakul 2020). In this study this term is it one of the practices
of the respondents to lessen the energy or the electric consumption.
Renewable Energy. This pertains to a certain types of energy production.
In politics business and academia, renewable enery is often framed as the key
solution to the global climate challenge. (Harjanne and Korhonen, 2018). In this
study, renewable energy is the solution for the expensive bill of BINHS in
electricity.
Solar Panel. This pertains to an electrical device that converts light into
electricity at the atomic level (Beddiaf Zaidi, 2018). In this study, solar panels are
the main solution in reducing the electricity consumption in Buhaynasapa
Integrated National Highschool.
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the review of conceptual and research literature
related to the present study. The researcher used the synthesis and theories
provided as bases for the framework of this study.
Conceptual Literature
The review of literature that is presented in topical from provided
background information needed in this study.
Electricity Consumption. According to H. Ren (2021), electricity consumption in
schools demands a huge amount influencing the electricity bills in school. Yet,
when it comes to incorporating solar panels through the reduction of electricity
consumption in school buildings, many schools lag far behind. Many are merely
exploring the possible offers of installation of solar panels to lessen electricity
consumption. Properly used, solar panels will help the school develop the skills
they need to succeed in the diverse, renewable energy, knowledge-based
economy they find themselves in.
Research has indicated that the main advantages of solar-enabled projects
developing schools in using renewable energy for efficient electricity consumption
can be intellectually challenging while providing them with a practical snapshot of
what problems are faced in school due to high electricity bills. In an instant, a
school administrator can discuss the reduction of electricity and work with
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renewable energy. Additionally, many schools have assimilated the use of solar-
based strategies in reducing electricity bill.
In the study conducted by H Hermawan et al. (2018), the increasing energy
supply becomes a serious problem in the implementation of sustainable
development. Also, it aims to determine the potential of energy efficiency in school
environment. Moreover, the researcher showed that the average electrical energy
consumption in this school reached 11022.008 kWh/month, which resulted in the
emergence of secondary emissions of CO2 by 9644.257 kg CO2/month. It is,
therefore, necessary that electricity consumption should become more
disciplinary, reinforcing, and supporting schools' reduction in monthly electricity
bills.
Furthermore, the goal of installation of solar panels is to help the schools to
lessen the emission of carbon dioxide and the annual electricity bill. As an added
advantage, schools are more likely to remain involved and on track, reducing
power supply in the classroom with the use of solar panels as a resource. Thus,
the installation of solar panels is important as it gives them the opportunity to learn
more about the advantages of renewable energy for efficient electricity
consumption.
Meanwhile, Pietrapertosa, Filomena, et al. (2021) stated that energy
consumption can be significantly reduced by targeting consumer behavior to
achieve sustained energy savings and promote sustainable consumption patterns.
Precisely, the solar panel helps to utilize the efficiency in reducing electricity
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consumption. Therefore, the installation of solar panels is effective in enhancing
the energy of the school, particularly in the electricity bill.
Additionally, the researchers mentioned that solar panels can be
conceptualized as an affording tool that schools can deploy in their quest to lessen
electric consumption. It has been used as a knowledge of energy consumption and
is an essential starting point for improving the awareness of building occupants, it
may not be enough to initiate a lasting change in habits, which requires a proactive
role of consumers. Thereupon, solar panels are beneficial for the schools'
electricity bill as a learning experience and provide an incredible amount of
knowledge about renewable energy.
Moreover, Ali Hikmat and Rifqa Hashlamun (2019) concluded that a
reduction in overall energy consumption while preserving or even increasing the
levels of thermal energy is effective in addressing the electricity consumption
problems in school. It serves as a tool for sustainable development for a green
energy future. In addition, the researcher pointed out that solar-assisted electricity
consumption programs offer schools the opportunity that should be embraced.
Therefore, schools should be offered the opportunity to improve their electricity
consumption through the use of installation of solar panels.
Furthermore, the researcher emphasized that implementing a solar-based
program easily analyses the sustainable development for efficient electricity
consumption. It enhances the schools’ ability to know how solar panels work and
determine the difficulties encountered in the said area. Having, solar-based
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recommendations would be a great help for the schools to lessen the monthly
electricity consumption.
Practices in conserving energy. Hands-on learning about the
conservation of energy is one of the best ways to teach students. Lesson plans
that is focused on activities and experiments that will give the students an
experience about the effects of energy conservation is can be developed by the
teachers. For instance, teachers can let the students make a comparison about
the energy usage of different types of light bulbs or appliances. Through the help
of these activities, the students will be aware how much electricity is used and how
to choose more energy-efficient options. (Lynch, 2023)
Teaching students about conserving energy will help them improve
themselves in terms of using energy. Students will understand the importance of
conserving energy and the effects of it. Through the knowledge they get from the
activities, they might create practices that will make a positive impact in the
environment.
A study conducted by Nazarahari et al. (2021) examined the knowledge,
attitude, and practices towards energy usage of 447 college students in an
international university in Japan. Most of the students live independently in private
or public houses or dormitories. They depend on portable appliances and were
billed directly for their usage. The study emphasize the need to consider college
students in Japan as vulnerable households and as sensitive to energy poverty.
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Furthermore, the independent students are using portable heating
appliances when winter and cooling appliances in summer. This affects the bills of
the students which make it harder for them to pay the expenses. Therefore, by
examining their attitudes, researchers will find a way to help the students lessen
their monthly electric bills.
The growing concern over power consumption has led fo a focus energy
efficiency. We can benefit the environment, reduce household costs, and boost the
economy by the usage of less energy for the same tasks and rejecting outdated
power sources. It is expected that the global market for energy-efficient lighting will
reach $370.4 billion by 2027. The Covid-19 pandemic highlights the need for a
stable power supply, especially in the healthcare sector, where in critical
equipment the energy-efficient lighting can help redirect the power even during
backup power usage. (Princy A. J, 2021)
The article emphasize the energy efficiency stems from rising concerns
about power consumption. It includes accomplishing the common task while using
less energy. Subsequently, it gives benefits to the environment by helping to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions, cost savings for households, and a positive
effect in the economy. The importance of a reliable power supply, especially in
healthcare, became evident in the time of Covid-19 pandemic. Critical equipment
like ventilators and monitors consume substantial electricity, and transitioning to
energy-efficient lighting can ensure a more efficient use of power resources.
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Every monday, from 4pm until 5pm, unplugging non-essential electronic
devices and lights for one hour can reduce energy consumption in the Business
School. Unplugging phone charger for an hour can save much energy. Turning off
computer screens when not in use, switching off charges even when they are not
use, filling the kettle up with only as much water as needed, and turning off any
other electric items when in can lessen the electric expenses. (Kistnasamy, J.
2020).
Moreover, unplugging any devices in an hour creates a positive change in
the way it conserves energy. It also helps the environment because of the
greenhouse gad emission will be lessen. By simply taking out the plug of your
devices in an hour, it helps you conserve energy.
Perception of the respondents in installation of solar panels. According
to Sesrovire (2023). The Agora Barcelona International School has partnered with
Endesa X to install 242 solar panels as part of a global agreement to reduce the
impact of climate change. At the end of last year, the students worked
collaboratively on the characteristics of the project with the teachers and an expert
from Endesa X with the aim of making the students aware of the importance of
using this renewable energy source. This project is part of a larger educational
initiative by Globeducate and Endesa X, which involves installing solar panels in 9
schools across Spain. The Agora Barcelona International School, located in Sant
Esteve Sesrovires (Catalonia), opened a course on self-producing its own solar
energy.
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Furthermore, the installation of 242 solar panels at Agora Barcelona
International School in partnership with Endesa X gives awareness for students
about the significance of renewable energy. Through active participation and
guidance from teachers and experts, students will have knowledge with the
importance of using solar power. This program is part of the educational effort of
Clobeducate and Endesa X, promoting the installations of solar panels across
multiple schools in Spain, providing students with practical exposure to solar
energy.
According to the study of Merritt et al. (2019), the development of energy
literacy for all citizens is critical as climate change is evident and the rapid depletion
of existing energy resources. Students were familiar with solar, hydropower, and
wind energy, and suggested that solar energy should be used more in the future.
They were more easily able to explain energy transfer in wind turbines and solar
panels than in other electricity production systems. Students learned important
energy and natural resource concepts in the context of an environmental service-
learning program. The discussion focuses on the importance of integrated science
instruction that helps students see how their electricity use impacts the
environment and provides them with opportunities to take action.
Moreover, the study shows that students with knowledge about several
renewable energy sources have a preference for solar energy in the future.
Compared to other energy systems, a greater knowledge on how energy is
transferred in wind turbines and solar panels, aligns with their environmental
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education. It emphasizes the value of integrated scientific education by showing
how the use of electricity affects the environment gives students a foundation for
understanding and potentially participate in the installation of solar panels as a
proactive move toward sustainable energy.
According to the study of Chang (2021), solar energy holds great potential
for addressing energy poverty around the world. School attendance is particularly
low in rural, off-grid areas of developing countries, where energy poverty often
accompanies low incomes and fewer learning opportunities. Therefore, students
in poverty-stricken areas understand installing solar panels aims to tackle both
challenges of education access and energy poverty. This is especially true for girls,
who are generally expected to take on a larger share of domestic tasks and are
not prioritized for schooling.
Furthermore, this study underlines how important it is for students in
underdeveloped areas to understand how solar panel installation helps different
issues. It can help issues like limited access to education and energy poverty. The
installation of solar panels is seen as a solution that provides electricity and offers
opportunity for better education.
In the study of Olaniyan and Biita (2021), the level of awareness of the use
of solar energy amongst university students in Uganda affects their knowledge of
the application and perception of solar energy. Generally, students showed a low
level of awareness of solar energy, there is a need to create more awareness and
to sensitize the students more on the application and use of solar energy in
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Uganda. Different interventions and support given to the various professional
bodies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to fast-track the availability of
solar energy for industrial and domestic purposes in the urban and rural
communities. The university students form a major component of the population of
Uganda, and they are the next generation and future of the country in terms of
economy and political power.
Moreover, the level of awareness amongst university students in Uganda
has an impact on their knowledge of the application and perception of solar energy.
The researchers mentioned that the level of awareness affects the knowledge of
students. However, the students lack awareness and need to create more
awareness about using solar energy.
Design of solar panel. Walz et. al. (2020), conducted a study discussing
the potential of implementing solar power projects for educational institutions,
including universities, colleges, and K-12 schools. Furthermore, these projects not
only save money but also offer educational opportunities for students. The paper
presents a case study of Madison College, which installed a 1.85 MW solar
system, the largest rooftop installation in Wisconsin. This system was designed for
public access and hands-on student learning. Additionally, the paper outlines
recommended practices for solar installations on school campuses and shares a
ten-step guide for creating a solar roadmap, based on Madison College's
experience, to help other schools replicate the process.
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Furthermore, it went on to provide valuable recommendations for adopting
solar power on their campuses. These projects offer dual advantages. First, it
leads to significant cost savings which is crucial for educational institutions with
tight budgets. Second, these solar projects create valuable educational
opportunities for students. Additionally, other schools can replicate the process
and enjoy the benefits of solar power while creating a rich learning environment
for their students.
According to Nasution, E. S. et. al. Muhammadiyah University of North
Sumatra is recognized as one of the top private universities in the country. To
continually enhance the quality of the campus is to focus on improving its facilities
and infrastructure for campus services. This paper outlines a plan to install solar
panels on the rooftop of one of their campus buildings. The planning process
involves determining the amount of power required for the new structures. Also, it
includes calculating the electrical load, and the power generated by the solar
panels, determining the number of solar panels needed, assessing battery
capacity, inverters, and other related factors.
Moreover, this helps in understanding the electricity demands of the
campus and ensures that the solar power system will be capable of meeting these
needs efficiently. This comprehensive planning effort underscores the university's
commitment to sustainability and energy efficiency. By strategically installing solar
panels and optimizing their use through meticulous planning, Muhammadiyah
University of North Sumatra aims to reduce its environmental impact, lower energy
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costs, and provide a more sustainable and environmentally friendly campus
infrastructure for its students and staff.
Roof-mounted solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have the potential to
contribute significantly to the nation's total energy supply. However, the design and
positioning of roofs play a crucial role in the energy efficiency of these systems,
and this aspect has been relatively neglected in academic literature. To address
this knowledge gap, the research involves modeling the energy production of roof-
mounted solar PV systems using Helioscope software and validating the results
with real-time monitored data. Moreover, to make the research more practical, it
explores the aesthetic design of five common roof patterns, including flat, shed,
gable, hip, and butterfly roofs, and compares the energy generated by solar PV
systems integrated into each of these designs. Furthermore, the study also
presents variations in energy generation for other aesthetic roof patterns, providing
valuable information to guide informed decisions on roof design. Additionally, it
delves into a detailed analysis of how different tilt angles and shading from nearby
obstructions impact energy generation. (Li, H. X. 2019)
Furthermore, The study goes on to compare the energy generated by solar
PV systems when integrated into each of these different roof designs, shedding
light on the impact of design choices on energy production. This research not only
recognizes the potential of rooftop solar PV systems to contribute to the nation's
energy needs but also addresses the often-overlooked factor of roof design and
its impact on energy efficiency. Through modeling, practical exploration, and in-
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depth analysis, it aims to provide valuable information for making informed
decisions about harnessing solar energy on rooftops.
According to Bambang W. (2021). Solar energy is a readily available and
renewable resource in Indonesia, can be effectively harnessed to generate
electricity using photovoltaic modules known as solar power plants (PL TS). In the
present scenario, most residential homes rely on the national electricity grid (PLN).
To conserve electricity and reduce dependence on PLN, rooftop solar photovoltaic
panels are under consideration. By embracing this energy-saving approach, it
becomes essential to plan the implementation of rooftop solar panels to meet
residential electricity needs. The research also encompasses the planning of
photovoltaic panels, the design of battery charging systems, the determination of
battery capacity, and the calculation of inverter capacity. Additionally, the off-grid
rooftop solar photovoltaic system is engineered to efficiently meet the electricity
demands, ensuring continuous power supply for 24 hours.
To promote sustainability and decrease dependence on PLN's conventional
power sources, the adoption of rooftop solar photovoltaic panels is being
considered as a valuable option. This approach not only conserves electricity but
also contributes to a more environmentally responsible and cost-effective energy
solution. However, to effectively implement this energy-saving strategy, it is crucial
to meticulously plan the installation of rooftop solar panels, ensuring they meet the
specific electricity needs of schools.
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Related Studies
According to the study of Shafie et al (2022) Malaysia is focusing on
renewable energy due to climate change, energy security, and price fluctuations.
Solar energy is an attractive option due to its unlimited availability and potential for
daily electricity production. Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) in Sintok, Kedah, has
potential for solar installation due to its equatorial location and longer peak sun
hour rate. This study aims to analyze factors involved in solar installation and
examine the economic feasibility of solar installation at UUM.
Aditionally it find out that solar energy would create 876,846 kWh in total,
with about 650,845 kWh of that surplus energy being remitted to Tenaga National
Berhad (TNB) for the Net Energy Metering (NEM) program. The estimated solar
size for the School of Quantitative Sciences (SQS) and School of Technology
Management Logistics (STML) buildings is 125.75 kWh. According to this
computation, the SQS and STML buildings' energy bills could be reduced by about
RM21,640, as the new solar energy bill would be RM81,360 per year. The extra
solar energy for TNB would bring in RM234,304 per year.
Moreover, this study concludes thar the use of solar energy at Universiti
Utara Malaysia (UUM) could be advantageous in a variety of ways, not just
financially. Solar energy installation could be a wonderful effort to ensure UUM's
aim of cutting costs, as per the efforts made by UUM to minimize the usage and
cost of power on campus. Additionally, this solar energy installation is one of the
key pillars for making UUM a successful green and eco-friendly campus.
26
Moreover, as solar energy only creates and releases high-quality energy for a
better quality of life, the advantage of implementing solar at UUM could reduce
greenhouse effects.
Hence, the study recommended that solar panels are not only needed in
schools but in different kinds of institutions. It also suggests that every school must
have a solar panel to lower their electricity bill. Aside from that, the installation of
solar panels helps not only with electricity consumption but also with becoming
eco-friendly. Also, this will serve as a way to reduce global warming in different
places.
According to the study of Pereyras (2019) it focuses on istallation of solar
panel in Pangasinan State University particularly the Urdaneta City Campus, Sta.
Maria Campus, Binmaley Campus, and Infanta Campus uses more than 590,000-
kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity annually. This study aims to confirm the
likelihood and associated advantages of installing solar photovoltaic (PV) rooftop
systems that are equal to the generation capacity on its campuses. The goal of
this study is also to investigate and disseminate knowledge regarding the viability
and associated advantages of PSU installing solar power electricity generation
capacity. Furthermore, this study aims to provide the Campus Executive Director
and the Coordinator for Physical Facilities with information on potential locations
for such an installation and a source of electricity for 38% of the campus needs.
Additionally, this study discovered that the PSU's annual electric
consumption ranges between 5,880,000 pesos.Aside from that, the capacity every
27
year of the aforementioned university is an average of 420 kWh. Additionally, PSU
is the only state university in the province of Pangasinan that serves more than
1,000 employees and more than 25,000 students. Due to its free tuition fee system
and its ongoing construction and growth of infrastructure projects, the university's
current statistics on energy use and the cost of electrical use gradually increased
with the rise in the population of students on each campus.
This study concludes that up to 57% of the campuses' current electricity
needs could be met by solar energy, but doing so would be very expensive. A
project like this would cost five million nine hundred thousand (P5, 900,000.00)
pesos in total and generate electricity for 5.25 pesos per kWh. This project would
make use of the rooftop space that is available on the chosen campuses. If the
university had a power purchase agreement with Solar Philippines, Inc., however,
the payback period might not be required.
However, this study is suggested to undertake the installation on campuses
of a Solar PV Rooftop system based on the information gathered and analyzed in
this research. The University should keep working to increase energy efficiency in
all of its buildings. The University should support behavioral changes by its
students, employees, faculty, and other stakeholders. The use of electricity can be
reduced even more by encouraging individual employees to turn off lights when
not in use and raise the thermostats on the air conditioning units.
According to the study of Shoqeir and Alsamamra (2021) it assessed the
potential of renewable energy in securing electricity needs in Palestine. The Al-
28
Dahriya secondary school in Hebron was used as a case study, with low working
hours and solar potential. The study found that a rooftop solar system could
produce 92,866 KWh annually, contributing 5.12% of total annual power
consumption in Palestine. The payback period for the project is 4.38 years, with
an annual surplus of 43 million USD to the Palestinian Treasury.
Additionally, the calculation shows that its rooftop could handle a PV system
of 57.16 KW, with 144 PV panels. This system will produce annually 92,866 KWh
of solar electricity, were the total annual consumption of the school is 4,237 KWh.
The annual surplus electricity was found to be 88629 KW, which means an annual
income of 14,181 USD, were the total cost of the system about 65,000 USD. The
calculations found the payback period to be 4.38 years, the total income after 20
years which is the life span of the system about 283,620 USD.
Furthermore, this study concludes that installing PV systems on the rooftop
of the Palestinian public schools will help Palestinians to be closer to energy
independence and encourages its commitment to renewable energy as well as
creating environmental education of green energy in schools. In addition, when
applying this system on the 3,074 schools in Palestine, the system will produce
5.12% of the Palestinian annual consumption additionally to the 0.3% consumption
of schools. Installing such a project on all schools means that the Palestinian
Treasury will have an annual significant save around 43 million USD after around
5years payback period. Future studies can be done on the feasibility of using small
scale wind turbines.
29
Therefore this study suggested that widespread implementation across all
schools could not only contribute 5.12% to the total annual power consumption but
also yield substantial economic benefits, providing around 43 million USD to the
Palestinian Treasury annually after the initial payback period of 4.38 years. This
emphasizes the economic and environmental advantages of embracing renewable
energy solutions on a broader scale. Furthermore, it also recommend that
policymakers and relevant authorities in Palestine consider implementing solar
energy systems, similar to the one studied at Al-Dahriya secondary school, across
all schools in the region. It also recommend that installation of solar panel in school
will help in different aspect.
As stated by Oquino et al (2018) this study, the researchers are going to
show the process descriptively on how solar energy works from basic to complex.
The University of Cebu will use it to demonstrate the benefits and drawbacks of
using this kind of electric power. The effectiveness of this energy source will be
assessed by the researchers by looking at its cause and effect. For us to clearly
understand its nature and make better use of it, the researchers will also contrast
and compare this type of energy to other sources.
Based on the findings of this study the majority of the respondents said that
there is a need to reconstruct the roofing of the building. The survey shows that
one particular type of Solar System configuration gained most votes. The Grid Tie
with power back up is a solar energy system that is also integrated to one of
ourtraditional electric company with the support of a battery-backup to the system.
30
However, most of the respondents concluded that there is not enough sunlight to
absorb for the solar panels.
Moreover, this study concludes that showed that the Installation of Solar
Panels in the University of Cebu is acceptable to the residents. The majority of the
respondents are confident that the University will benefit from it in the long run.
Most of the students showed a full support in the proposal of the researchers.
However, on the side of Teachers and in the maintenance staff they showed
reluctance that it can be implemented.
Hence, this study suggests dedicating additional resources to in-depth
research and consultations specifically tailored to enhance the overall
management of the university. By conducting a comprehensive study, the
institution can identify key areas for improvement and implement targeted
strategies to optimize its administrative processes. This focused approach will not
only foster effective decision-making but also contribute to the overall growth and
success of the university management. Investing in a thorough examination of
management practices is crucial for long-term organizational development and
sustained excellence.
As stated by Adelakun and Olanipekum (2019) solar energy is gaining
popularity globally, with 486 GW installed in 2018. Access to solar electricity is
growing in Africa, reducing the global population without access. This paper
reviews solar energy capacity, identifying improvements for functionality, reliability,
31
and affordability. Asia has the largest capacity at 56.58%, while Central America
and the Caribbean have the lowest.
Additionally, this study found out that China has a bigger solar energy
capacity than any other country in the world. These achievement are made easier
by the fact that China is the world's largest manufacturer of solar panels and Japan
follows with appreciable capacity and USA home to some of the world's largest
solar power plants is the third. It is also visible in this study that three Asia countries
are among the top five nations with the most solar installed capacity which makes
Asia the leading region with a total of 274,866 MW with 56.58% of the total installed
capacity. It also implies that Solar Photovoltaic is the most common with 98.87%
installed capacity and only 1.13% from the Concentrated Solar power system.
Furthermore, this study concludes it is apparent that concerns about
greenhouse effect and unavailability of constant conventional energy source have
made renewable energy sources an alternative energy source to be adopted. Solar
energy been one of the fastest-growing renewable energy source as shown in the
result with a recurrent growth should be embraced owing to the benefits associated
with it, from the total solar energy installed worldwide Asia has the largest installed
capacity of 56.58%, while Central America and the Caribbean has the lowest
installed capacity of 0.36%. As the request for an uninterrupted supply increases
in different regions, progressive builders are embracing solar photovoltaics (PV)
renewable energy as an option for their customers. Moreover, if all the suggestions
and recommendations stated in the paper is implemented, solar energy will be
32
more functional, reliable and affordable which will also help the deployment on a
large scale.
Therefore this study recommends that Renewable energy power station
such as solar (PV) should be actively encouraged to use by all. Installation of LEDs
bulb instead of incandescent or high power consume bulb. Additionally, There
should be massive increase in manufacturing capacity and more effort has to be
put into improving efficiencies while reducing the manufacturing costs. Embraced
the culture of energy efficient at home or in school and turn off all standby mode
for used equipment.
As stated by Banibaqash et al (2022) on their study it focused on analyzing
solar panel deployment feasibility in Qatar and other organizations, calculating
different panel sizes, efficiency, and sun per day. It provides a comparative
indicator on the GtoC ratio, which can be used as a renewable energy rating index.
The study supports roadmaps for solar panel deployment in Qatar and other Gulf
Cooperation Council states, and can be used to establish a data-driven model for
suitable clean energy projects.The study will be beneficial to support roadmaps to
foster solar panel deployment in Qatar, through demonstrating scenarios that can
enable economic and environmental incentives.
Moreover in this study it found out that the amount of generated energy from
solar panels is consistently higher than the actual home electrical consumption,
which means that the home can likely depend on the generated energy from solar
panels in each month of the year. In addition, it is not possible to substitute the
33
energy consumed by the house for the energy generated by the solar panels in the
majority of months around the year. The home can depend on the generated
energy from solar panels around the year without the need for external sources of
energy, and there might be a possibility of having extra energy to supply back to
the main grid. Also it found out that majority of the respondents are wanted to have
a solar panel.
Furthermore, the study has been conducted to analyse and establish the
feasibility for deploying solar panels in Qatari homes and business roofs. The
comparison between estimated generated energy from different settings of solar
panels of varying efficiency, total panel size, and sun exposure per day in each
month clearly reveals the great potential for some settings that can enable
properties to generate sufficient clean energy that can satisfy their own
consumption, and even produce a surplus. This study also indicates that GtoC is
a reliable indicator for simple comparison. In addition, it can be used on a wider
scale to establish a data-driven model to support energy management, and
decision making.
This study recommended that incorporating real-world data from existing
solar panel installations in Qatar is needed to enhance the accuracy and relevance
of their analytical solutions. Additionally, consider collaborating with local
organizations and authorities to gather insights into the economic and
environmental factors influencing solar panel deployment. This collaborative
approach can strengthen the study's applicability and contribute valuable
34
information to support renewable energy initiatives not only in Qatar but also in
other Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states with similar conditions. It also
suggests that in Qatar it is important of having a solar panel to conserve energy.
According to the study of Smiles et al (2021) simulated the performance and
cost of a roof-mounted photovoltaic system for Bath Abbey, a grade I listed
building, to test its financial viability. The system's electrical output was generated
using software package PVsyst, revealing a 19% loss of peak power due to
shading. The recommended configuration consisted of 164 solar panels, with a
predicted electrical output of 45 ± 2 MWh in the first year and a profit of £139,000
± £12,000 over its 25-year lifetime. It focused on installation of solar panel in Bath
Abbey.
Additionally this study was found out that the Photovoltaic system will have
a payback time of (13.3 ± 0.6) years following an initial investment of £134,000 and
would yield a profit £(139,000 ± 12,000) over the system's 25- year lifetime. These
results show that fitting a tilt adjustment mechanism would improve performance.
However, there are already difficulties associated with preserving the integrity of
the Abbey's roof. Gloucester Cathedral faced similar concerns and so is a useful
example of the logistics to solve this, and the potential costs that may occur when
doing so.
Moreover, the decarbonization of historic buildings such as Bath Abbey is
essential in the move to net carbon zero. In this study, a PV system has been
designed to cover the south- facing roof of Bath Abbey. This system has been
35
designed by considering historical weather data, the orientation of the Abbey's
roof, and any shading the system may occur. This financial saving is a result of
reduced electrical energy bills over the lifetime of the system as well as selling
some excess electricity.
This study recommended that installation of solar panel in their home,
school and in environment was helped to conserve an energy and reduce electric
consumption. The suggested configuration of 164 solar panels, despite the
shading challenges, demonstrates a promising financial viability with profitability
expected after approximately 13.3 years. The positive outcome, along with
financial stress tests, supports the likelihood of making a sound investment in
installing a photovoltaic system on historic grade I listed buildings. This study
pertains on the roof-mounted photovoltaic system for Bath Abbey presents a
compelling case for reducing the carbon footprint of historic buildings.
Acording to the study of Bazar et al (2022) the hamlet of Arenas in Arayat,
Pampanga is considering the installation of solar lighting to address the increasing
issue of robberies, thefts, and accidents. Researchers plan to combine solar
panels with an 8-ampere street light and a 100-watt LED, resulting in sixty solar-
powered street lights set at 50 meters intervals along a three-kilometer road length.
The researchers calculate the total daily watt-hours needed for the panels and
calculate the required Watt-peak rating for the PV panels. They recommend using
deep cycle batteries to account for battery loss and ensure the system's total cost.
36
Alpha Solar Incorporated provides advice on the system's total cost, and CAD tools
like AutoCAD will be used to install the solar PV road lights.
As a result in this study, researchers found out that almost half million are
the expenses for the installation. In addition, majority of the respondents are
agreed to the aforementioned activities. For the overall price of the system, the
researchers consulted with AlphaSolar Incorporated. The canvassed data consists
of polycrystalline solar panels, LED flood lights for solar, bracket, pole, and
labor/installation cost.
This study concludes that solar street light has a 15- 20 years lifespan and
may reduce electricity use by up to 85%. Another benefit of utilizing solar lights
instead of regular lights is that you may select from the various styles and designs
that you want. Design won't be a problem at Intramuros since it is very careful
about the details and patterns it uses to preserve the walled city's Old Spanish feel
or theme. The majority of solar street light projects are necessary because
transmission lines cannot reach the needed area.
This study recommended that installation of solar panel in street in every
barangay is important since there are many accidents due to insufficient street
lights. The office of Barangay Arenas had already considered solar streetlights. To
complete a project that required 60 solar street lights for barangay Arenas, Arayat
Pampanga. According to studies done by experts, even though installing 60 solar
street lights would cost 359,000, the savings from using solar street lights would
far outweigh this cost.
37
Based on the study of Burke (2019) the researchers seek to understand the
economic, social, and environmental determinants of solar Photovoltaic uptake
across Australian households. The researchers firstly focus on the impact of
household net wealth despite the long history of analysis of wealth effects on total
consumption the impact of capital constraints on solar uptake has been relatively
understudied. Researchers also focus on the influence of household net wealth on
household-level solar panel installations and intentions to install, which is a new
contribution to the literature. The net wealth measure encompasses all household
assets and liabilities.
Furthermore, this study confirms that owners of older houses are less likely
to install solar panels. New houses may have panels installed on them during
construction, and older houses may be less suitable for solar panels for reasons
such as lower-quality roof materials, inferior electrical wiring, and the chance of
heritage listing. Installing solar panels may also damage old roofs or involve
additional capital outlay to repair or replace roofs. This suggests that capital
constraints may exist for the bottom 60% of the population by net wealth. A similar
result is obtained using the 2015–16 survey.
Moreover, there is a positive relationship between the proportion of income
from private pensions (including superannuation) and solar uptake, even when
controlling for age. Larger houses and households are more likely to install solar
panels. Use of green power is a useful predictor of whether households install
solar. Key constraints for solar uptake include living in apartments and renting.
38
This study suggested that many households face capital constraints to
installing solar panels. Policy options to address household capital constraints
include government provision of capital subsidies or loans. There have been a
small number of studies on the effectiveness of rebates to cover part of the upfront
costs of solar panels, such as for California and the north-east of the United States.
An argument against government-funded subsidies is that taxpayers pay for them
through higher taxes, meaning there is an efficiency cost to the economy.
According to the study of Jing et al (2023) it explores the readiness and
challenges of Malaysians in adopting solar energy. A mixed research method,
including online questionnaires and interviews, revealed three main challenges:
high panel setup costs, limited public awareness, and panel efficiency based on
weather. Breaking down these barriers and focusing on long-term returns could
enhance residential solar energy adoption rates. The findings can be used by
policymakers to encourage solar energy adoption in existing buildings.
Based on the results of this study Out of the 139 respondents, the number
of respondents who answered “Yes” in the question of willing to install of solar
panel in the future is 48.92%, slightly higher than 46.04% of respondents who
responded “Maybe.” meanwhile, only seven respondents (5.04%) answered “No”
in this section. Therefore, it indicated that most of the respondents are willing and
considering trying solar energy in the future. In addition, out of the ten statements,
the statement “I am ready to adopt solar energy if the cost of setting up is below
my budget’ is ranked in the first place with the mean value of 4.2230. However, the
39
statement highlighting “I am ready to adopt solar energy if I have sufficient
knowledge about solar energy” obtained a mean score of 4.2158 and ranked
second.
To conclude, the challenges of solar energy adoption are indicated through
a literature review, including competition from fossil fuels, high set-up cost, and
dependence on weather associated with pollution, and lack of public awareness of
solar energy. The ranking for the barriers to adopting solar energy was the high
cost of setting up the solar panel, limited public awareness of solar energy and
efficiency of the solar panel depends on the weather. The interviewee enlightened
high investment cost and extended return of investment in the current main barriers
in solar energy adoption. About 48.9% of 139 respondents are willing to adopt solar
energy in the future. Besides, the interviewee is ready to adopt solar energy in the
future.
This study suggests that every family in Malaysia have a solar panel in the
future to conserve energy. Additionally, they need a policy maker in Malaysia that
focus on initiatives the top challenges. Implementing measures to break down
barriers, such as financial incentives or educational campaigns, could significantly
enhance the adoption of solar energy in existing buildings with low current adoption
rates. Lastly it also recommends by this study that use a solar panel to lessen their
40
Synthesis
The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the installation of solar
panels to be used as a means for efficient electricity consumption in BINHS. For
this purpose, the researchers analyzed and synthesized the ideas and studies
presented in the conceptual and related studies.
The works of Hongbo Ren, Qifen Li, Qiong Wu, Yuze Huang, Chunyan
Zhang, and Zhenlan Dou promoted the use of consumption of electricity in schools
as a significant factor in determining their electricity bills by properly utilizing solar
panels. Ana Yustika P Purwanto and H Hermawan addressed the increasing
energy supply becomes a serious problem in the implementation of sustainable
development. Meanwhile, Pietrapertosa, Filomena, et al. stated that the installation
of solar panels is effective in enhancing the energy of the school, particularly in the
electricity bill. Moreover, Ali Hikmat and Rifqa Hashlamun solar-based
recommendations would be a great help for the schools to lessen the monthly
The work of Matthew Lynch promoted the use of lesson plans developed by
the teachers that have activities that will teach the student in conserving energy.
Amin Nazarahari, Nader Ghotbi, and koji Takimatsu addressed the energy poverty
of independent students and their vulnerability by examining their knowledge,
attitude, and practices. Meanwhile, Prince A. J stated that the use of less energy
is important to benefit the environment, reduce household cost, and boost
economy. Furthermore, Jessica Kistnasamy recommendation in unplugging
41
electric devices would help to lessen the electricity consumption. In conclusion, the
practices to conserve energy is efficient in reducing the monthly electricity bill.
The work of Sant Esteve Sesrovire stated that students’ awareness of
installing solar panels promotes the significance of renewable energy use. In the
study of Merritt et al. shows that by emphasizing energy literacy and environmental
impact, a service learning program enabled students to have a perception of
renewable energy sources, advocating for increased use of solar energy. Sen
Chang stated that the installation of solar panels in poverty-stricken areas would
provide solutions to education access and energy poverty. Moreover, Ademola
Olaniyan and Haman Biita show that in Uganda, students demonstrated a low
perception of solar energy, indicating a need for increased awareness in shaping
the country's future in solar energy adoption. In conclusion, the installation of solar
panels in schools raises awareness among respondents.
Solar panel design is a multifaceted field that encompasses various
aspects, as highlighted in the provided studies. It not only focuses on harnessing
the abundant and renewable resource of solar energy but also on optimizing the
design to ensure energy efficiency and sustainability. In the study of According to
Nasution, E. S. et. al. emphasize the importance of meticulous planning in
determining the power requirements, assessing electrical loads, and calculating
the number of solar panels, battery capacity, and inverters needed for an efficient
solar power system. Solar panel design is not just about cost savings and
42
environmental responsibility; offering a pathway to both sustainability and hands-
on learning for students
Significant differences and similarities if the presented studies in the related
literatures were also identified for building a strong foundation of the present study.
Because it focuses on insertion of solar panels, the research Banibaqash et al.
(2021) and Smiles et al. (2021) is parallel to the study. It analyzes solar panel
deployment feasibility in different places and other organizations.It differs,
though,since it also focuses on calculating different panel sizes, efficiency, and
sun per day.
The study of Pereyras (2019) is similar to the present study since it both
focuses on the installation of solar panels in schools to lessen their electricity
consumption. However, it may differ in terms of the cost of the monthly electricity
bill since PSU has more campuses.
Given that both studies focus on the installation of solar panels in
schools, the current study is congruent with those of Oquino et al. (2018), Shoqeir
and Alsamamra (2021), Shafie et al (2022). It also focuses on the cost of a solar
panel and the design of the panel for the installation.
Furthermore the study of Bazar et al. (2021) is similar to the present study
because it both points out the benefits of the installation of solar panels. However,
it differs on the places that the researcher conducts because the present study is
in school while the study of Bazar et al.is in Barangay or in street light.
43
Moreover, the study of Jing et al.(2023),Burke (2019) and Adelakun and
Olanipekum (2019) is congruent in this study since it focuses on adopting solar
energy or installation of solar. Nevertheless this study varies since this two
research study explains the challenges of having a solar, while the current study
focuses only on installing.
44
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, subjects of the study, data
gathering instruments, data gathering procedure, and the statistical treatment of
data.
Research Design
This study utilized the descriptive research design in gathering the data and
information that will be used to the study. It served the study accurately gather the
data and be clearly understand by the researchers. Descriptive research design is
a type of research which tries to find out or describes a natural phenomenon or
certain characteristics of a population or sample (Aggrawal and Ranganathan,
2019).
Since the study focused on installation of solar panel for efficient electricity
consumption in BINHS the descriptive research design was deemed appropriate
because the researchers was interested in describing the extent to which different
condition were obtained among their subjects, and the research locale.
Furthermore, the utilization of this research design will lead to reliable conclusion
since the data gathering tool that will be used aims to collect answers objectively
based on what is being asked.
Subjects of the Study
The respondents of this study was selected through multi-stage sampling.
They were the 182 selected students of Buhaynasapa Integrated National High
45
School who are Grade 11 students, 64 teaching and non-teaching staff during the
school year of 2023-2024. Table 1 presents the distribution of the student’s
respondents while Table 2 presents the distribution of the teachers respondents.
Table 1
Distribution of the Students Respondents
Section Population Sample

1. ABM-Mercury 41 22
2. ABM-Venus 39 21
3. HE-Jupiter 40 22
4. HUMSS-Earth 33 18
5. HUMSS-Mars 34 18
6. HUMSS-Saturn 32 18
7. ICT-Neptune 36 18
8. ICT-Uranus 32 19
9. STEM-Sun 48 26
Total 335 182
46
Table 2.
Distribution of Teacher Respondents
Grade Level Population Sample
1. Grade 7 10 8
2. Grade 8 10 8
3. Grade 9 12 10
4. Grade10 10 8
5. Grade11 15 13
6. Grade12 13 11
7. Non-teaching 7 6
Total 77 64
The Raosoft sample size calculator was utilized to calculate the total number of
respondents. The sample size for each sub-group was determined through
stratified random sampling. This was also done to make sure the sample size
matched the population size of each sub-group. On the other hand, respondents
from each sub-group were chosen using voluntary sampling.
Data Gathering Instruments
The researcher made questionnaire will be used as major instrument for
data gathering. Questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of
questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering relevant and substantial
information from respondents.
Construction. Before constructing the questionnaire, the researcher will
consult several references and resource materials. The researcher will also
consider the answers of respondents obtained from the questionnaire to be
conducted. Upon seeing that there will be enough items to collect the data based
47
on the Statement of the Problem, the researcher will start to conceptualize the first
draft of the questionnaire.
Validation. In order to determine the validity of the items, it was presented
to experts in the field for content validation. The first draft of the questionnaire will
be presented to the research adviser for initial comments and suggestions. After
the comments and suggestions of the adviser had been incorporated, the
researcher will prepare the second draft for validation. To establish content validity
of the questionnaire, the researcher will present a copy to a person with knowledge
and expertise on the subject under study for comments and suggestions.
Administration. After subjecting the instrument to content validation,
grammar checking and reliability testing, it was made ready for distribution. The
researcher will distribute the research instrument in a form of Google forms to the
respondents online. The researcher also closely monitor the online administration
of the instrument to guarantee the validity and authenticity of the responses.
Scoring. In interpreting the results of reliability testing, the researcher used
the scale below:
Option Scale Ranges Verbal Interpretation

4 3.51-4.00 Strongly Agree
3 2.51-3.50 Agree
2 1.51-2.50 Disagree
1 1.00-1.50 Strongly Disagree
Data Gathering Procedure

48
The researchers followed the standard steps and processes in preparing
quality-assured questionnaires. Additionally, content validation and grammatical
checking were performed on each item. To guarantee the validity of the
questionnaires, the researchers incorporated all the modifications and suggestions
of the validators.
Before the administration of the questionnaires the researcher prepared a
letter of request addressed to the school principal of Buhaynasapa Integrated
National High School and also to the school adviser of each section in Grade 11
for approval, permission, and endorsement.
Upon the approval and endorsement, the researcher administered the
questionnaire using printed questionnaire. The researcher also conducted data
cleaning to yield more valid and reliable responses from the respondents.
Assistance from the statistician was sought in treating the obtained data from the
test. The researcher also interpreted and analysed the treated data through the
use tables and figures.
Ethical Consideration
The researchers ensure that all ethical rules were strictly followed before
the data was collected. People chose to take part, and gave their agreement to do
so. The respondents' who are not legal age were asked their parents for their
permission. The people and their schools' right to privacy and secrecy were also
considered. The Data Privacy Act was also taken into consideration, and study's
data and findings were handled with utmost confidentially
49
Statistical Treatment of Data
The data gathered through the use of questionnaire were classified, tallied,
tabulated, analysed and subject of the following statistical treatment.
Frequency. This was used to determine the number of the respondents
indicating different responses on each other.
Ranking. This was used to indicate the relative score ranging from highest
to lowest,
Weighted Mean. This was used to interpret the perceived extent of each
fact presented on evaluating the practices of the teachers and students and also
the perception of the respondents.
Composite Mean. This was used to determine the average of the perceived
extent of the provided facts on practices of the respondents and perception in
installation of solar panel in school.
50
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of the
gathered data in the study. The discussions of the findings are patterned in a
manner that has equivalence with the organization of the problems posed in the
study.
1. Assessment on Practices of Students and Teachers to Conserve Energy
This part presents the practices of students and teachers to conserve
energy.
Table 1
Assessment on Practices of Teachers to Conserve Energy
Weighted Verbal
Items
Mean Interpretation
Employs of energy efficient appliances to reduce the

3.85 Strongly Agree
dependency on fossil fuels.
Maximizes the use of sunlight to reducing electric

3.78 Strongly Agree
consumption and save energy.
Detaches electronic devices from being plug-in to

3.78 Strongly Agree
decrease the greenhouse gases.
Uses energy-efficient lighting to help decrease heat

3.75 Strongly Agree
emission.
Applies energy efficient lighting to contribute energy

conservation and promote an environmental 3.74 Strongly Agree
sustainability.
51
Unplugs electronic devices to lower energy production

3.74 Strongly Agree
costs.
Uses rechargeable batteries instead of disposable ones

3.72 Strongly Agree
to save energy and reduce waste over time.
Uses light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs that are energy-

efficient, environmentally friendly and low in voltage 3.72 Strongly Agree
consumption.
Uses appliances that have the fewest watts to save

3.71 Strongly Agree
money on electricity bill.
Composite Mean 3.69 Strongly Agree
As can be seen on the table, the teachers of BINHS strongly agreed with employing
energy-efficient appliances to reduce their dependency on fossil fuels. The weighted mean
of 3.85 obtained suggests that the majority of respondents favor this sustainable
approach. This indicates a substantial consensus among BINHS teachers, highlighting a
strong commitment to environmentally friendly practices and a shared recognition of the
importance of reducing dependence on fossil fuels. It conforms to the idea of Nazarahari
et al. (2021) that using energy-efficient appliances will help to decrease dependency on
fossil fuels.
Similarly, the teachers strongly agreed with maximizing the use of sunlight to
reduce electric consumption and save energy. The weighted mean of 3.78 obtained
suggests a consensus among respondents toward embracing this energy-saving practice.
This indicates that incorporating sustainable measures is a shared perspective among the
surveyed teachers at BINHS. As cited by Bambang W. In 2021, maximizing the use of
solar panels in Indonesia will help to lessen electric consumption and conserve energy.
52
Likewise, the respondents strongly agreed on detaching electronic devices from
plug-ins to decrease greenhouse gases. The obtained weighted mean of 3.78 suggests
that unplugging electronic devices helps a lot to lessen greenhouse gases. It means that
removing electronic devices has a substantial impact on mitigating greenhouse gas
emissions. As cited by (Kristnasamy, J. 2020), unplugging any devices in an hour creates
a positive change in the way it conserves energy, and it also helps the environment
because greenhouse gas emissions will be lessened.
On the other hand, the teachers strongly agree on using appliances that have the
fewest watts to save money on electricity bills. The generated weighted mean of 3.69
reveals that utilizing energy-efficient appliances will help to save money on your monthly
electricity bill. It can be seen that choosing appliances that have the fewest watts helps
reduce electricity consumption. According to Lynch (2023), it is efficient to use appliances
with a small number of watts to decrease the electric bill.
Meanwhile, the teachers strongly agree on using light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs
that are energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, and low in voltage consumption. The
generated weighted mean of 3.71 reveals that most respondents prefer LED bulbs due to
their low voltage. It can be seen that embracing LED technology aligns with both energy
efficiency and environmental consciousness. It conforms to the idea of Primency A. J.
(2021) that utilizing LED bulbs helps a lot in the environment and has low voltage
consumption.
Furthermore, the teachers strongly agree on removing electronics from being plug-
in to expand their lifespan. The weighted mean of 3.72 reveals that most of the
respondents are fully in agree with such practices. It can be seen that prioritizing the
53
unplugging of electronic devices is a widely endorsed approach to extend their longevity.
As cited by, Olaniyan and Biita (2021) it is important that the students and teachers are
aware that need to unplug the devices to expand their lifespan.
Table 2
Assessment On Practices Of Students To Conserve Energy
Weighted Verbal
Items
Mean Interpretation
Employs of energy efficient appliances to reduce the

Strongly Agree
dependency on fossil fuels. 3.68
Maximizes the use of sunlight to reducing electric

Strongly Agree
consumption and save energy. 3.67
Applies energy efficient lighting to contribute energy

conservation and promote an environmental Strongly Agree
sustainability. 3.67
Uses light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs that are energy-

efficient, environmentally friendly and low in voltage Strongly Agree
consumption. 3.66
Uses energy-efficient lighting to help decrease heat

Strongly Agree
emission. 3.64
Unplugs electronic devices to lower energy production

Strongly Agree
costs. 3.63
Detaches electronic devices from being plug-in to

Strongly Agree
decrease the greenhouse gases. 3.63
Uses rechargeable batteries instead of disposable ones

Strongly Agree
to save energy and reduce waste over time. 3.63
Removes electronics from being plug-in to expand their

Strongly Agree
life span. 3.63
54
As can be seen on the table, the highest weighted mean 3.68 indicates a strong
agreement among students in employing energy-efficient appliances. This implies a
proactive stance in reducing dependence on fossil fuels, aligning with global sustainability
goals. Furthermore, this strong agreement suggests that students not only recognize the
environmental benefits of using energy-efficient appliances but are actively taking steps
to integrate sustainable technologies. It conforms to the study of Patti (2024), by adopting
solar panels, we can significantly reduce our carbon footprint and mitigate the negative
effects of traditional energy sources.
Moreover, respondents agree that maximizing the use of sunlight to reduce electric
consumption. It entailed the goal of promoting environmentally friendly technologies. It
means that a collective awareness and conscientious choice among students to actively
contribute to energy conservation. According to Daus (2019), by the implementation of
technologies for its transformation into electricity will reduce energy costs and,
consequently, allowing to reduce energy consumption as well as the annual costs for the
payment of consumed electricity.
Likewise, the third indicator shows that the light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs are
energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. It obtained weighted mean of 3.66. This
shows they care about saving energy and the environment, choosing lights that are good
for both and easy on electricity. According to Bang (2017), Light-emitting diode (LED)
bulbs have the potential to reduce energy consumptions due to high energy efficiency and
due to its principal design feature, luminous flux for energy reduction.
55
Additionally, respondents agree that using energy-efficient lighting help decreasing
heat emission. It obtained a weighted mean of 3.64. It indicates a positive attitude and
awareness regarding the importance of adopting sustainable habits to conserve energy.
Meanwhile, most of the respondents strongly agreed that unplugging electronic
devices can reduce energy cost. It obtained a weighted mean of 3.63. It reveals that
students consistently unplug their electronic devices, they actively contribute to
environmental conservation by reducing energy consumption
The practice of using appliances that have the fewest watts to save money on
electricity bill received a strong agreement. It obtained a weighted mean of 3.57. It means
that the opportunity for education and awareness campaigns, encouraging students to
select appliances with lower wattage.
Additionally, respondents strong agree adopting energy conservation practices. It
obtained a weighted mean of 3.64. It indicates a positive trend and commitment towards
sustainable living.
2. Significant Relationship between the Effects of COVID-19 and the Level of
Consumption of the Respondents
This part present the perception of teachers and student for installation of
solar panel in school.
56
Table 3
Perception Of the Teachers for Installation Of Solar Panel In School
Weighted Verbal
Items
Mean Interpretation
Serves as a backup power source during grid outages

3.73 Strongly Agree
through stored energy can utilize power.
Generates own electricity from the power provider or

transmission since it provides independence and can be 3.59 Strongly Agree
more environmentally friendly.
Reduces electricity cost in significant amount since it does

3.55 Strongly Agree
not solely depend on the reliance of fossil fuels.
Helps in harnessing renewable energy to reduce air

pollution by generating electricity without burning fossil 3.54 Strongly Agree
fuels.
Reduces dependence on foreign oil and fossil fuels by

3.53 Strongly Agree
providing renewable energy as an alternative energy.
Minimizes the consumption of excess energy electricity

conservation by reducing energy consumption and
3.53 Strongly Agree
promoting a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach to
electricity usage.
Aligns with the global trend towards sustainable living by

3.51 Strongly Agree
harnessing renewable energy from the sun.
Decreases greenhouse gas emission as well as other

3.47 Strongly Agree
hazardous gasses by harnessing energy from the sun.
Reduces the strain on traditional energy grids during peak

3.43 Strongly Agree
demand periods by providing power energy.
Return on investment for solar panel installation is favorable

3.43 Strongly Agree
since it is a long-term cost savings on electricity bills.
As can be seen on the table, the respondents strongly agreed that it serves as a
backup power source during grid outages. The obtained weighted mean of 3.72 suggests
that the installation of solar panels serves as a backup power source. This indicates that
57
having a backup power source is effective during short outages. Using renewable energy
for efficient energy usage (H. Ren, 2021)
The second indicator shows that the respondents strongly agreed that solar panels
generate their own electricity from a power provider or transmission since they provide
independence and can be more environmentally friendly. The generated weighted mean
of 3.71 reveals that having your own power source provides independence that helps
nature. It can be seen that by not being dependent on electricity, we are helping the
environment. It is similar to the findings of Chang (2021), who saw solar panels as a
solution for high electricity consumption.
Moreover, the respondents strongly agreed that reducing electricity costs is a
significant amount since it does not solely depend on the reliance on fossil fuels. It is
evident from the weighted mean of 3.68. It entailed that the teachers perceived that having
solar panels was practical and helpful in reducing electricity costs. Solar energy
independence is an advantageous choice (Banibaqash, 2022).
Likewise, the teachers strongly agreed that solar panels decrease greenhouse gas
emissions as well as other hazardous gases by harnessing energy from the sun. It
obtained a weighted mean of 3.63. This only means that the respondents are aware of the
benefits of solar panels in our environment. It is similar to the findings of Merrit et al. al.
(2019), significance of the impact of electricity on the environment.
The table shows that the respondents strongly agreed that solar panels reduce the
strain on traditional energy grids during peak demand periods by providing power energy.
This obtained a weighted mean of 3.6. It entailed that the respondents know the benefits
of installing solar panels during high demand for electricity. It is similar to the idea of
58
Oquino (2018): it is much better to depend on renewable resources than to rely on fossil
fuels.
Similarly, the teachers strongly agreed that the return on investment for solar panel
installation is favorable since it is a long-term cost savings on electricity bills. This
generated a weighted mean of 3.52, suggesting that there is a possible success in
investment. This implies that the installation of solar panels will help save money for a long
period of time. According to Pereyras (2019), generating electricity through solar panels
can save money.
Generally, the teachers at Buhaynasapa Integrated National High School strongly
agreed that the installation of solar panels provides a much cleaner electricity source. It is
evident in the generated weighted mean of 3.65, which shows the perception of the
teachers toward installing solar panels. Therefore, the perceptions of the teachers strongly
agreed with the installation of solar panels for energy-efficient consumption. A sustainable
and renewable source of electricity is provided by solar panels (Bazar et. al., 2022).
Table 4
Perception of Students for Installation of Solar Panel in School
Weighted Verbal
Items
Mean Interpretation
Generates own electricity from the power provider or

transmission since it provides independence and can be more Strongly Agree
environmentally friendly. 3.63
Serves as a backup power source during grid outages through

Strongly Agree
stored energy can utilize power. 3.63
Helps in harnessing renewable energy to reduce air pollution by

Strongly Agree
generating electricity without burning fossil fuels. 3.6
59
Minimizes the consumption of excess energy electricity

conservation by reducing energy consumption and promoting a Strongly Agree
more sustainable and eco-friendly approach to electricity usage. 3.6
Aligns with the global trend towards sustainable living by

Strongly Agree
harnessing renewable energy from the sun. 3.6
Reduces electricity cost in significant amount since it does not

Strongly Agree
solely depend on the reliance of fossil fuels. 3.58
Decreases greenhouse gas emission as well as other hazardous

Strongly Agree
gasses by harnessing energy from the sun. 3.58
Reduces dependence on foreign oil and fossil fuels by providing

Strongly Agree
renewable energy as an alternative energy. 3.58
Reduces the strain on traditional energy grids during peak

Strongly Agree
demand periods by providing power energy. 3.56
Return on investment for solar panel installation is favorable

Strongly Agree
since it is a long-term cost savings on electricity bills. 3.54
The table presents that the students strongly agree that installing a solar
panel in BINHS serves as a backup source during grid outages through stored energy can
utilize power. The generated weighted mean of 3.63. It reveals that the perception of
students about the installation of solar panels serves as a backup power source. It is
similar to the findings of H. Ren (2021) using renewable energy for efficient electricity
consumption.
In line with this, the students strongly agree that solar panel generates own
electricity from the power provider or transmission since it provides independence and can
be more environmentally friendly. It is evident on the generated weighted mean of 3.63. It
reveals that installing solar panels in BINHS leads to a better development for
environmental friendly school. It can be seen that installation of solar panels as a proactive
60
move toward sustainable energy. As cited by Chang (2021) installation of solar panels is
seen as a solution that provides electricity and offers a sustainable future.
Moreover, students strongly agree that the installation of solar panels decreases
the greenhouse gas emissions. It obtained a weighted mean of 3.58. It entailed that
students recognize the benefits of solar panels in our environment. Students perceived
the importance of electricity impacts the environment. (Merritt et al. 2019).
Likewise, the students strongly agree that solar panels reduces electricity cost in
significant amount since it does not solely depend on the reliance of fossil fuels. It is
evident on the weighted mean of 3.58. Most of the students perceived that the use of solar
panels is viewed as a practical and advantageous choice for reducing electricity cost.
Based on Banibaqash (2022) It underscores the advantage of solar energy independence,
emphasizing a diminished reliance on fossil fuels for power generation.
On the other hand, the students strongly agree that using solar panels reduces the
strain on traditional energy grids by providing power energy. The weighted mean of 3.56.
This implies that students recognize the benefits of solar panels during power grid
outages. This conforms to the idea of Oquino (2018) depending on renewable energy is
much better than solely relying on fossil fuels.
Similarly, the students strongly agree that the return of investment for solar panel
installation is favorable since it is a long-term cost savings on electricity bills. The obtained
weighted mean of 3.54 suggest that there is a moderate level of success in the investment
for solar panels. This indicates that using this kind of electric power supply have a huge
significant amount on savings on electricity bill. According to Pereyras (2019), solar panels
save money on electricity by generating own solar power.
61
In general, students from Buhaynasapa Integrated National High School Strongly
agree that using solar panels emables the generation of clean and renewable energy. It
was revealed on the average weighted mean of 3.59 that acknowledge the perception of
students about the installation of solar panel. Therefore, it proved that the perception of
students strongly agree on the installation of solar panel for energy-efficient electricity
consumption in BINHS. Lastly, the revised composite mean meets the claim of Bazar et
al. (2022), where it states that installation of solar panels provides a sustainable and
renewable source of energy.
62
FIGURE 2: DESIGN OF SOLAR PANEL AND TOP VIEW OF SHS BUILDING
63
FIGURE 3: TOP VIEW OF JHS BUILDING
64
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary, conclusions, and
recommendations of the study.
Summary
This study aims to evaluate the implementation of solar panels for
enhancing energy-efficient electricity consumption in BINHS. The researcher
gauges respondents' assessments on solar panel installation, encompassing
practices, perceptions, monitoring of electricity bills, and related behaviors.
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]Additionally, the study delves into respondents' perspectives on solar
panel installations, emphasizing the benefits linked to the use of renewable energy
and the reduction of electricity costs at BINHS.
Employing an assessment and evaluation research design, this study
gathers the necessary data and information. A questionnaire serves as the primary
data-gathering tool, allowing for the thorough evaluation of students' and teachers'
perceptions and assessments. The research is confined to the responses acquired
through random sampling, ensuring a diverse representation of respondents. This
strategic sampling approach enhances the study's credibility by capturing a varied
range of perspectives within the BINHS community.
Findings
65
After the data were tabulated, statistically treated, analysed and
interpreted, the study revealed the following findings:
1. Monthly Electricity Bill of BINHS
Based on the document released by BINHS, which is the receipt, the
school's monthly electricity bill is approximately 46,000 pesos.
2. Assessment on Practices of Teachers and Students to Conserve Energy
Based on the results, the teachers and students strongly agreed with the
practices of the respondents to conserve energy, with a composite mean of 3.69
for the teachers and 3.57 for the students. In addition, the indicator states that
employing energy-efficient appliances to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels
obtained a weighted mean of 3.68 for the students and 3.85 for the teachers, which
got the highest rank.
4. Perception of the Respondents for Installation of Solar Panel
Based on the responses of the respondents, it revealed that the teachers
and students strongly agreed with the installation of solar panels as a renewable
energy sources in BINHS, with a composite mean of 3.53 for the students and 3.59
for the teachers.
5. Design of Solar Panel for Installation
66
The prototype design of solar panel serves as guide for the installation in
school. The dimension of the solar panel is 65×39 inch 73 cells and the type of
solar is monocrystalline.
Conclusions
Based from the findings of the study, the following conclusions were
drawn:
1. The monthly electricity bill of BINHS is too high due to the number of
appliances that are used every day.
2. There are practices that teachers and students need to apply every day
to conserve energy.
4. The teachers and students support the installation of solar panel for
energy efficient electricity consumption in school.
5. The suggested design of the solar panel will be needed for the
installation, and it will serve as a guide for the installer.
Recommendations
From the findings and conclusions of this research study, the following
recommendations are presented:
1. School administrator may collaborate with local experts or consultants
specializing in solar energy for guidance and insights.
67
2. The teachers may actively participate in community outreach to promote
awareness of the solar panel initiative.
3. Students may consult this study to further know the result of installation
of solar panel. Through this research study, they will be given the necessary
information that they need relative to the installation of solar panels to
conserve energy.
68
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INSTALLATION OF SOLAR PANELS FOR

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for

Statement of the Problem…………....…………..………………..…6

Scope, Delimitations, and Limitations of the Study……………….…10

Significance of the Study………...………………….….…….……….11

Definition of Terms …….....…………..…………….….…………….14

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Electricity is essential in the industry, however due to the reliance on fossil

an alternative way to generate energy should be implemented. Installation of solar

panels is needed in addressing the power interruption due to unforeseen

source of energy with a minimal carbon footprint compared to traditional fossil

fuels. However, electricity consumption is also a factor of having a solar panel

consumption. Researchers aim to clarify the extent to which integrating solar

energy technologies influences and potentially mitigates electric consumption

patterns by examining the relationship between these variables.

Meanwhile, Buhaynasapa Integrated National Highschool suffer from high

to see the students the PowerPoint presentations of their subject teachers.

According to Pereyras (2019). Solar power installation will provide an

and implementing sustainable practices. However, the researchers found that

installation's non-financial advantages. Moreover, it lack to focus on the financial

advantages of the installation of solar panels. Consequently, most of the solar

installation focuses on agricultural aspects and not on schools.

for the high electricity consumption of Buhaynasapa Integrated National

installation of solar panels to reduce the energy consumption of the school. It is

efficient in Buhaynasapa Integrated National Highschool to install a solar panel

allocate resources to other educational needs. Assessing the installation of solar

panels positively affects the power system in Buhaynasapa Integrated National

Highschool, thus developing solar electrification and promoting a green energy

panels for reducing electric consumption in Buhaynasapa Integrated National

resources toward the school's main objective. Additionally, reducing electric

consumption in Buhaynasapa Integrated National Highschool is beneficial.

Moreover, by lowering energy costs, schools can direct funds to improve

educational programs, and buy educational materials that are advantageous to

both staff and students.

outage have a huge impact on students' and teachers' learning environment.

and bring difficulties in their academic performance instead.

school directors. The primary responsibility of the researchers is to conduct a

comprehensive assessment of the school's needs in terms of energy and the

capacity of solar energy generation. This includes analysing historical electricity

viability. In addition, researchers must explore available incentives and financing

implementing solar panels, considering the financial, environmental, and long-term

Statement of the Problem

electricity consumption in Buhaynasapa Integrated National High school.

Specifically, this study seeks answers to the following questions:

1. What is the monthly electric consumption of Buhaynasapa Integrated

2. What are the practices of teachers and students in conserving energy?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the electric consumption and

practices by the teachers and students in conserving energy?

4. How do the respondents perceive the installation of solar panel as

renewable energy sources in school?

5. Based on the findings, what design of solar panel may be suggested

This study will test this null hypothesis:

1. There is no significant relationship between the electric consumption and

practices by the teachers and students in conserving energy.

In response to the growing need for sustainable energy solutions, the

efficient electricity consumption. Adopting renewable energy sources not only

supports international environmental objectives but also sets a positive example

responsibility among the next generation of leaders.

Hence, the relationship between these two variables helps the

structure of this study is presented through a conceptual paradigm that is divided

this study is presented in Figure 1.

2023-2024. It also includes the practices of teachers and students to conserve

energy, like using energy-efficient lighting and unplugging electronic devices. It

likewise focuses on the perceptions of the respondents toward the installation of