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Territorio, Turismo y Desarrollo Sostenible
2º Grado en Turismo
Facultad de Turismo y Finanzas
Universidad de Sevilla
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No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
TOPIC 1
INTRODUCTION
TERRITORY
Definition of the Royal Spanish Academy :
1. Portion of the area of land belonging to a nation, region, province, etc.
2. Terrain (field or sphere of action).
3. Circuit or district that includes a jurisdiction, an official mission or another analogous function.
4. Specific terrain or place, such as a cave, a tree or an anthill, where a certain animal lives, or a group of
animals related by family ties, and which is defended against the invasion of other congeners.
The term is polysemic and varies according to the discipline (political or geographical concept).
It is a geographical area of the Earth's surface attributed to an individual or collective entity.
It is an area that is assigned, lived in and managed, adapted to the needs of the group or society occupying it.
Reservados todos los derechos.
It is transformed according to environmental needs… in a continuous process of territorialization.
The territory is ordered and transformed.
When a process of continuous transformation of the territory occurs in accordance with changing needs, a
process of territorialization takes place.
There are territories that are more or less transformed.
It is NOT a mere support for social or economic processes.
TERRITORIAL CAPITAL
This includes things that are very different from each other, but which nevertheless have some fundamental
characteristics in common:
1. Being immobile: incorporated into places in a stable manner.
2. Being “singular”: cannot easily be found in another place, at least with the same quality.
3. Being produced through effort: requires time to be produced. Cannot be obtained or developed in a
short period of time.
What are the components?
1. Renewable and non-renewable environmental resources.
2. Tangible and intangible historical heritage that cannot be reproduced but increasable over time.
3. Fixed capital accumulated in infrastructure and facilities that are increasable and adaptable but,
on the whole, cannot be produced in the short or even the medium term.
4. Relational goods. Incorporated into local human capital, social capital, cultural heterogeneity,
institutional capacity, etc.
TOURISM: “the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not
more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes” (World Tourism Organization).
When we analyse TERRITORY and TOURISM together…
Territory is NOT a descriptor and locator of tourist attractions and resources.
Territory is a synthesis with a scalar and spatial frame of reference of the tourism system and of its variety
when this system is territorialized.
IT IS a factor of tourist attraction: the development of tourism activities is based, in most cases, on the
existence of some territorial resources or attractions (natural, sociocultural, heritage, infrastructure, etc.)
- This implies: identify, analyse the potentialities, prioritize, establish a hierarchy…
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TERRITORY + TOURISM
Do not forget that tourism development transforms territory
Generate new territorial and urban structures. This gives rise to a new tourism organization…
o New infrastructures: supplies, sanitation, energy, etc.
o New facilities and services: sports, cultural, etc.
o Land use: urban, can be developed, cannot be developed, protected
o New relationships between economic activities: fishing, trade, etc.
No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
Tourism development, if not adequately addressed, may give rise to the appearance of territorial conflicts
(problems and negative impact):
o Saturation/congestion of communication infrastructures
o Lack/inadequacies of supply and sanitation infrastructures,
o Occupation of valuable areas
o Deterioration of existing natural/cultural landscape
o Urban planning and building excesses (density, buildings, heights)
o Competence/conflicts between land uses
Need to intervene in the territory
o Territorial planning of tourism
o Spatial planning/tourism territory planning
These are unquestionably linked to each other. Tourism activity goes beyond products, services and companies.
Reservados todos los derechos.
It is more than just a business phenomenon.
▪ “There are not really 5* hotels, but rather 5* surroundings” (security, salubrity, landscape,
infrastructures, services, etc.)
Overall conception of tourism: TOURIST AREA/TOURIST DESTINATION
✓ Tourism activity cannot be dissociated from the territorial context in which it develops.
TOURIST AREA
▪ Area with a certain density of tourism activity and with a characteristic image.
▪ This terminology is used indistinctly at different spatial scales.
▪ They correspond to political administrative units as they require organization, planning and action.
An area becomes a tourist area when it provides:
▪ Attractions: the main reason to go there
▪ Transport
▪ Accommodation
▪ Infrastructures (sanitation, telecommunications, etc.)
▪ Auxiliary services: complement attractions
▪ Tourism agents: companies and bodies that facilitate the move from supply to demand (organization
and sale of product)
Some definitions…
" Geographical portion in which the factors of production and consumption that enable the generation of tourism
products and tourism as activity are located. It is continuous, with heterogeneous components, whose limits are
imprecise and extend to where the aspirations, proposals and/or possibilities of the offer reach, and the image
that the demand has and the use it makes of this area". (G.CAPECE.2002).
“Delimited zone physically and socially disposed to receive tourist visits". (E.COHEN.2000)
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Tourist areas can be:
✓ Traditional
✓ Consolidated: destinations that have taken off and have known how to position themselves
✓ Emerging: starting to flourish, with a specialized product
Embedded tourist areas: isolated with respect to territory, “ deterritorialized ” (theme parks).
Integrated tourist areas: respectful and integrated with territory and residents.
TOURIST DESTINATION
This is a differentiated product and internationally or nationally renowned in the tourism market and
No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
refers to a certain tourist area.
ENVIRONMENT
• Restricted/traditional concept: Natural environment which may be inhabited by any living organism.
• Broad/current concept: Set of natural, social and cultural values existing in a certain place at a certain
time that has an influence on human life and future generations.
SUSTAINABILITY
“Relationship between human and ecological systems that make it possible to improve and develop the quality of
life, while maintaining the structure, functions and diversity of the systems that sustain life”.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
“Process that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
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own needs”. (World Commission on Environment and Development report, 1987).
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