Institute of Aviation Engineering & Technology ECE 313 Introduction to Radar Systems

Third Year Second Term

Electronics & Communications Department 2021 / 2022
Sheet #1 Dr. Ali Mohamed Al-Gindy

Radar Concepts
1- What is the minimum pulse period of a radar system with a fixed antenna, which is to detect
unambiguously at a range of 180 km? What is the pulse repetition frequency of this radar?

2- What is the maximum allowable pulse width if we desire to detect targets at a range of 600 m?
3- A radar system has a pulse width of 2 microseconds and a pulse repetition frequency of 8000 pulse per
seconds. What are the minimum range and the maximum unambiguous range?

4- A radar system has a pulse width of 2.4 microseconds and a maximum unambiguous range of 36 km. Its
average power is 10 watts. What is the peak power?

5- Radar has a pulse width of 4 microseconds and a pulse period of 240 microseconds. Can this radar detect
targets and unambiguously measure their range if they are located at :
(a) 900 m from the radar.
(b) 45 km from the radar.
Explain your answer in both cases.

6- A radar which transmits a 6 microseconds pulse observes two targets at the same azimuth and elevation
angles. One target is 2000 ft behind the other. Since this distance is less than the range resolution, only
one pulse will be received. How long will this pulse be? (The velocity of the electromagnetic waves in
free space = 1000 ft/microsecond.)

7- A proposed radar system is to have a peak power of 1 Mw, a pulse width of 2  sec., and a pulse period
of 2000  sec. Calculate :
(a) Minimum target range that can be detected by this radar.
(b) Maximum unambiguous range that can be detected by this radar.
(c) The minimum average power rating of the transmitter in watts and in dBm.
8- A radar system has an antenna scan rate of 25 rpm and PRF of 1200 PPS. The horizontal and vertical
beam widths of the antenna radiation pattern are respectively 2.2 0 and 4.3 0 . The pulse width of the system
is 0.83  sec.:
(a) What is the range resolution of the system?
(b) What is the bearing resolution of the system at a range of 30 km?
(c) How many indicator sweeps will be traced on the plane position indicator in one revolution of the
antenna?
(d) What will be the number of hits per scan as the antenna scans a small target?
9- At what frequency must an antenna with an effective area of 2.5 m2 be excited in order to achieve a gain
of 30 dB?.

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10- Write the simple radar equation and define all its parameters.
A radar system using common antenna for transmission and reception has the following parameters:
Peak transmitted power = 50 kW.
RF frequency = 3 GHz.
Antenna gain = 30 dB.
Receiver sensitivity = 3 w.
Pulse width = 2  sec.
PRF = 400 PPS.
Calculate:
(a) The antenna effective aperture area.
(b) The maximum range of an aircraft with RCS area of 2m2.
(c) The average power.
11- A target moves with relative velocity of 300 m/sec. To a radar system operating with RF frequency
equals 150 MHz. What will be the Doppler frequency of the returned signal?.

12- A target moves with velocity of magnitude 350 m/s and its direction makes 30 0 with the straight line
between the target and the antenna of the radar. The radar system operating with RF frequency equals 150
MHz. What will be the Doppler frequency of the returned signal?.

13- What is the relation between the gain and the effective aperture area of an antenna?. At what frequency
must an antenna with an effective aperture area of 7.9 ft 2 be excited in order to achieve gain of 30 dB?.
(The velocity of the electromagnetic waves in free space = 1000 ft/microsecond.)

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