Review: Mechanical wave

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 Review: Wave function

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 Review: Wave equation

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 Review: Wave equation

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 Example (1)
Demonstrate that any differen0able func0on f(t + αx) where α is a constant,
provides a solu0on of wave equa0on. What is the physical meaning of the
constant α?

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 Example (2)
A block of mass M sits on an fric0onless inclined plane of angle α = π/4 as in
Figure. It is connected by a wire of linear mass density μ = 0.03 kg/m that goes
over a pulley that supports mass m. Both masses are at rest. If transverse waves
travel at v = 80 m/s in the wire find M and m. Ignore the mass of the string in
compu0ng the tension on the string, use it just to find the velocity of waves.

M
m
α

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 Example (3)
A wire of density ρ is tapered so that its cross-sec0onal area varies with x
according to
A = 1.0 × 10−5x + 1.0 × 10−6
where A is in meters squared and x is in meters. The tension in the wire is T.
(a) Derive a rela0onship for the speed of a wave as a func0on of posi0on.
(b) If the wire has density 2.7 g/cm3 (aluminum) and is under a tension
T = 24.0 N, determine the wave speed at the origin and at x = 10.0 m.

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 Example (4)
A string with length L, constant density ρ0, diameter varies with x according to
d = d0 sin(πx/L); 0 ≤ x ≤ L.
The tension in the string is T. Find the 0me that wave will use to travel from one
end to the another end, using given parameters and constants.

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 Example (4)

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 Review: Reflection

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 Review: Sinusoidal wave

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 Review: Sinusoidal wave

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 Example (5)
A sinusoidal wave traveling in the nega0ve x-direc0on (to the leS) has an
amplitude of 20.0 cm, a wavelength of 35.0 cm, and a frequency of 12.0 Hz. The
transverse posi0on of an element of the medium at t = 0, x = 0 is y = − 3.00
cm, and the element has a posi0ve velocity here. We wish to find an expression
for the wave func0on describing this wave.
(a) Sketch the wave at t = 0.
(b) Find the angular wave number k from the wavelength.
(c) Find the period T from the frequency.
(d) Find the angular frequency ω.
(e) Find the wave speed v.
(f) From the informa0on about t = 0, find the phase constant ϕ.
(g) Write an expression for the wave func0on y(x, t).

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 Example (5)

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 Example (6)
The equa0on of a traveling wave has the form y(x, t) = 60 cos(1800t − 5.3x)
where y is expressed in micrometers, t in seconds, and x in meters. Find
• the ra0o of the displacement amplitude, with which the par0cles of medium
oscillate, to the wavelength;
• the velocity oscilla0on amplitude of par0cles of the medium and its ra0o to the
wave propaga0on velocity.

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 Example (6)

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 Review: Superposition of wave (1)

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 Review: Superposition of wave (2)

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 Example (7)
Two traveling sinusoidal waves are described by the wave func0ons
y1 = 5.00 sin[π(4.0x − 1200t)],
y2 = 5.00 sin[π(4.0x − 1200t − 0.250)],
where x, y1 and y2 are in meters and t is in seconds.
(a) What is the amplitude of the resultant wave func0on?
(b) What is the frequency of the resultant wave func0on?

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 Example (8)
Two iden0cal sinusoidal waves with wavelengths of 3.00 m travel in the same
direc0on at a speed of 2.00 m/s. The second wave originates from the same point
as the first, but at a later 0me. The amplitude of the resultant wave is the same
as that of each of the two ini0al waves. Determine the minimum possible 0me
interval between the star0ng moments of the two waves.

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 Example (9)
A string 120 cm in length sustains a standing wave, with the points of the string
which the displacement amplitude is equal to 3.5 mm being separated by 15.0
cm. Find the maximum displacement amplitude. To which overtone do these
oscilla0ons correspond?

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 Beat
A1[t_] := 10 Cos[300*t]; A1[t_] := 10 Cos[300*t];
B1[t_] := 10 Cos[320*t]; B1[t_] := 20 Cos[320*t];
Plot[A1[t] + B1[t], {t, 0, 0.8}] Plot[A1[t] + B1[t], {t, 0, 0.8}]

20 30

20
10

10

-10
-10

-20

-20 -30

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 Review: Energy of string wave

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 Example (10)
The wave func0on for a wave on a taut string is
y(x, t) = 0.350 sin(10πt − 3πx + π/4),
where x and y are in meters and t is in seconds. If the linear mass density of the
string is 75.0 g/m, (a) what is the average rate at which energy is transmi\ed
along the string? (b) What is the energy contained in each cycle of the wave?

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 Review: Sound wave

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 Review: Doppler effect

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 Example (11)
A source of sonic oscilla0ons with frequency vo= 1000 Hz moves at right angles to
the wall with a velocity u = 0.51 m/s. Two sta0onary receivers R1 and R2 are
located on a straight line, coinciding with the trajectory of the source, in the
following succession: R2-source-R1-wall. Which receiver registers the bea0ngs
and what is the beat frequency? The velocity of sound is equal to v = 340 m/s.

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 Example (11)

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 Example (12)
A sta0onary source sends forth monochroma0c sound. A wall approaches it with
velocity u = 33 cm/s. The propaga0on velocity of sound in the medium is v = 330
m/s. In what way and how much, in percent, does the wavelength of sound
change on reflec0on from the wall?

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 Example (12)

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