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Effectiveness of Crime Prevention Strategies
Effectiveness of Crime Prevention Strategies
In the Philippines setting, crimes against person and property are usually reported
crime in the national news, due to its set up that the Philippines economic status
is not enough in order to satisfy the standard living of an individual. Despite of
full effort to prevent crime, the Philippine National Police (PNP) does not yet
attain its foremost goal to successfully implement crime prevention. The PNP adopts
the crime prevention strategies of other country that does not fit to the existing
problem in terms of criminality in our country. Crime prevention becomes the
dilemma of the PNP organization because of their failure to prove their
effectiveness and efficiency in the performance of their duty.
Since Crime Prevention is the main concern of the PNP parlance, several studies
have been made in order to sustain the objective of crime prevention. This study
will focus in the assessment of the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies
implemented by the Camalaniugan Police Station and to look into if it is fit with
the crime profile of the said town.
Finally, the result of this study would be important to the PNP organization to
help them plan and organize better crime prevention strategies that are deemed
necessary for the development of its own mandate. Conceptual Framework This study
will revolved primarily on the effectiveness of Crime Prevention strategies of
Camalaniugan Police Station which will correlates with the existing Crime Profile
of the town as assessed by the Camalaniugan Police Officers and Barangay Officials
of different Barangays is conceptualized from the premise that the more effective
Crime Prevention Strategies is implemented, the more the objectives of Crime
Prevention could be attained as manifested on their performance of their duty as a
police officer The effectiveness of the Crime Prevention strategies implemented by
the police officers shall mean the depth of their being knowledgeable of their
duties and functions which could be manifested by their performance in terms of
crime rate, numbers of crime prevention programs implemented and the level of
citizen’s trust to the police officer when it comes to crime prevention. Moreover,
the study views that the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies implemented
by the law enforcement is influenced by some related variables like mobility,
communication, manpower and community support. In terms of the police mobility, it
is believed that patrol is the foremost duty of the police to implement crime
prevention. On the communication of the police officers, it is likewise presumed
that it could prevent crime by immediately reporting it to the police without
interruption on the line of communication between the ordinary citizen and the
police officer. Manpower is also one variable to be the basis for the
level of the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies, in the way that good
manpower management can be a lead to a better control over the crime prevention
programs implemented. The manpower of the police organization in every place should
be enough to sustain the needs for protection of the ordinary individuals; it must
be proportion to the number of the citizens in one community. The community support
is indispensable element to determine the police officer capability and effectivity
in performance of their duty and function. The lower the communities support the
programs of the police in terms of crime prevention, the lower they trust the
police organization. The determinants in the effectiveness of crime prevention
strategies would be more emphasized in comparing the present police effort in
preventing crime and the factors affecting it to the existing crime rate.
Input
1. Crime Profile of Camalaniugan Police Station. 2. Crime prevention strategies
applied by the Camalaniugan Police Station in terms of: 2.1 Mobility 2.2
Communications 2.3 Manpower 2.4 Community Support 3. Problems encountered in crime
prevention strategies relative to: 3.1 Mobility 3.2 Communications 3.3 Manpower 3.4
Community Support
Process
1. Assessing the crime profile of Camalaniugan Police Station. 2. Assessing the
effectiveness of Crime Prevention Strategies of the Camalaniugan Police Station in
terms of:
Output
2.1 Mobility
Assessed.
2.2 Communications 2.3 Manpower 2.4 Community Support 3. Identifying problems
encountered by the Feedback respondents along crime
The paradigm of the study shows the input,measures process and 4. Identifying to
output of the study. The first box shows the input particularly on the be crime
prevention strategies initiated in the Municipality of undertaken to further
Camalaniugan, Cagayan. The second box is the process that includes the assessment
of the improve crime prevention strategies.
respondents through survey result, interview, documentary analysis, data gathering
procedure and statistical treatment. Finally, the last box pertains to the output
of the study which will result to the formulation of Effective Strategies on Crime
Prevention Measures in Camalaniugan Police Station. Statement of the Problem This
study attempted to assess the crime prevention strategies initiated by the
Camalaniugan Police Station as well as the extent of community participation in
crime prevention. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions: 1.
What is the crime profile of Camalaniugan Police Station in terms of? 1.1. Crimes
Against Person 1.2. Crimes Against Property 2. How effective are the crime
prevention strategies implemented by the Camalaniugan Police Station as assessed by
the two (2) groups of respondents relative to: 2.1. Mobility 2.2. Communication
2.3. Manpower
2.4. Community Support 3. Is there a significant difference on the assessment of
the 2 groups of respondents on the effectiveness of implementation of the crime
prevention strategies dimension? 4. Is there a significant difference between the
crime profile of Camalaniugan Police Station and the assessment of the 2 groups of
respondents on the effectiveness of Crime Prevention Strategies as implemented by
the Camalaniugan Police Station? relative to the above
PNP is an institution mandated by law to protect lives and property, protects civil
rights of every citizen and enforce the law if necessary. This mandate provided by
the law will be the basis of the police organization to make efforts in fulfilling
their duty. As such, the PNP believes that crime prevention is the key to attain
this objective of the organization.
This study also hopes to enhance the previous practices of the police participation
in crime prevention and allow them to enrich their knowledge about crime prevention
and to challenge their present strategies.
It is hoped that PNP officials and other personnels will be able to assess
different crime prevention strategies in order to upgrade their performance in
their duty. The result will give as an insight to concerned administrators and
government officials to know the kind of scheme to be established in the different
concerned community.
This study may serve as an aide to give them knowledge in dealing of the existing
crime prevention plans and to be able them to understand their role as an
enforcement body in the creation and implementation of the PNP mandate in every
Barangay.
To the community members, this study will serve as a challenge to utilize all the
programs implemented by the PNP which is beneficial to their life as a whole. This
study also make every citizen aware in their role to participate to the success of
crime prevention.
To the students
To Future Researchers
The result of the study shall serve as a ready reference for them with whatever
similar studies they shall partake. Scope and Delimitation of the Study This study
will focus on the effectiveness of the crime prevention strategies implemented by
the Camalaniugan Police Station in the municipality of Camalaniugan, Cagayan. The
variables covered in this study include the assessment of crime profile of the town
in terms of Crime Against Person and Crime Against Property, assessment of the
crime prevention strategies implemented in terms of mobility, communication,
manpower and community support and the problems encountered by these crime
prevention strategies. This study will make use of the descriptive method of
research with documentary gathering as the main data gathering instrument. The
study will be conducted to the town of Camalaniugan, Cagayan especially to all
Camalaniugan Police Officers and to all Barangay Officials of 21 towns. Remote
towns that are not included are due to hard accessibility to its area.
Definition of Terms The following terms as used in this study are defined
operationally for a clearer understanding and for common reference. Police- refers
to the persons who are responsible for the peace and order in the town of
Camalaniugan, Cagayan. Crime Prevention- deals with the practices of the Police in
giving effort to reduce crime in order to maintain peace by creating some ways to
achieve its objectives. It is the effort of the Camalaniugan Police to remove those
opportunities for a potential criminal to take advantage of whoever will become the
vulnerable victim. Strategies- it refers to the means made use in implementing the
objectives of Crime Prevention in the town of Camalaniugan. Crime Profile- it
refers to the statistics of major committed crime in the town of Camalaniugan. It
shows the highest and lowest crime rate committed in the area. Mobility- it refers
to the police effort in making close relation to the community by doing some foot
patrol in certain area of Camalaniugan, mobile patrol during nighttime. This is use
primarily to entertain immediately if an individual call for an assistance from the
police. Communication- in this study, this term was use to describe the mode of
transferring information of one police officer to his co-police officers. Manpower-
it refers to the number of the Police Officers who are assigned in the Camalaniugan
that are task in implementing those Crime Prevention Strategies.
Community Support- it refers to the level of concern of those citizens living in
Camalaniugan in Crime Prevention Strategies implemented by the police in the town.
It also refers to the high expectation of the community in the performance of every
police officer in the town. Level of Citizen’s Trust- in this study, the term was
used to determine if each individual of Camalaniugan believe in what the
Camalaniugan Police are doing. Function- it refers to a particular purpose for
which a person or this is specially fitted or used or for which a thing exists.
Criminal- those who has committed crime.
CHAPTER III REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter presents some of the related
literature all over the world which provided the researchers with the needed
direction and guide in their study especially in the format, instrument and
approach.
As with the rest of life, crime prevention can be seen to be both disarmingly
simple and bewilderingly complex. The disarmingly simple side relates to the
prosaic, obvious, everyday, commonsense measures that are routinely and widely
taken to minimize threats of victimization. The bewilderingly complex side relates
to the definition and prioritization of crime for preventive attention; the
prediction of future crime problems; the choice between differing means of control;
the language used to discuss and describe prevention; the measurement of crime
patterns and of the intended and unintended consequences of preventive
interventions; and estimating the costs and benefits of different methods of crime
prevention. (Tilley, Nick 2005) Development of Crime Prevention Strategies Crime
prevention has entered a new, more robust phase of research activity and holds
greater relevance to policy and practice today than ever before. It stands as an
important component of an overall strategy to reduce crime. These achievements are
not just the cumulative effect of years of a slow, sometimes less than steady
progress of a social movement; other developments figure more prominently. Perhaps
most important is the recent movement toward rational and evidence-based crime
policy. This has brought greater attention to the need for higher quality
program evaluations as well as the need for more rigorous, systematic methods to
synthesize the research evidence and examine policy implications. Related to this
development is the growing evidence base of scientific knowledge on the
effectiveness of a wide range of developmental and situational crime prevention
modalities. Also of importance to crime prevention‟s standing is the widely held
view of the need to strike a greater balance between prevention and punishment.
This has become more urgent in recent years as many states across the country are
faced with budget crises, compounded by years of punitive crime policies.
Developmental and situational crime prevention seem well poised to help change this
state of affairs and make a major contribution to crime reduction in this country
(Welsh, Farrington, 2010) Crime Prevention has been described as “any initiative or
policy which reduces, avoids or eliminates victimization by crime or violence. It
includes governmental and non-governmental initiatives to reduce fear of crime as
well as lessen the impact of crime on victims” (Institute for the Prevention of
Crime, 2010). Crime prevention encompasses a broad array of approaches, including:
1. Developmental Crime Prevention (also referred to as Social Prevention). Measures
subsumed within this approach promote the well-being of people and encourage pro-
social behavior through social, economic, health and educational measures, with a
particular emphasis on children and youth. The goal is to intervene early in the
lives of at-risk individuals and groups so as to forestall the development of crime
and other behavioral problems later on (Homel, 2005). The focus is on risk and
protective factors associated with criminal behavior, including personality
factors, parental, peer, and school-related factors.
2. Community or Locally-Based Crime Prevention. This approach tackles the
neighborhood conditions that influence offending and insecurity by drawing on the
commitment and resources of community members. These efforts can range from
organizing neighborhood watch programs to neighborhood revitalization efforts
(e.g., Weed and Seed) and comprehensive programs that seek to improve a
neighborhood’s cohesion and image (Schlo ssman et al.,. 1984). 3. Situational Crime
Prevention. This approach seeks to prevent the occurrence of crimes by reducing
opportunities for crime, increasing the risks of being apprehended, raising the
level of effort required to commit crimes, and minimizing the benefits from crime.
Included here are such measures as target hardening, access control, surveillance,
and prevention through environmental design (Clarke, 1997). Situational crime
prevention can be undertaken by members of the public, businesses, schools, and
other facilities. It can be facilitated through a detailed analysis of a specific
crime to determine the vulnerabilities of a specific target or site toward the end
of developing customized countermeasures.
4. Crime Prevention Through the Justice System. Crime prevention measures may also
originate from the justice system. Targeted law enforcement strategies may focus on
specific crimes or on crime “hot spots”. Legal sanctions may have a deterrent
effect and incarceration may exercise an incapacitation effect by removing
offenders from society. In addition, interventions in custodial and community
settings may be designed to change offender behavior and thereby prevent
recidivism. (Prevention Programs: A Literature Review,Thomas Gabor Ph.D.,2011,pp3-
5)
Strategies and Best Practices in Crime Prevention particular in relation to Urban
Areas at risk With the growth of crime prevention practice internationally has come
a range of associated concerns and problems: about the appropriateness of
interventions, the difficulties of evaluating their effectiveness, of the
capacities of local actors to implement good programmes, about the difficulties of
sustaining interventions beyond their initial pilot phase, or scaling up to city-
wide or country-wide applications, and about the difficulties of sustaining
interventions after changes of personnel or government. 'What works' in crime
prevention does not depend solely on having well-designed programmes. Much depends
on the capacity of the actors in the field to establish the conditions for
implementing programmes well, and to manage the 'process'. It also depends on
policy makers understanding the need for longer-term investment and planning, and
not focusing only on short-term results. Ensuring that strategies are maintained,
well monitored and sustained beyond the life of a government is a further
challenge.
In this section, we will discuss strategies that police can use in reaching out to
communities. Such strategies include: incorporating accountability and
transparency; creating opportunities for educational exchanges such as “citizens’
police academies;” establishing regular neighborhood meetings and maintaining
communication and follow-up between these meetings; and organizing forums to
discuss policies, tactics, or technology of interest to community. We will also
examine the strategies used by the communities to reach out to and educate the
police about the community, such as maintaining communication and follow up between
neighborhood meetings, canvassing for volunteers and establishing an active roster,
and raising awareness of neighborhood meetings.(West,2001)
Chapter III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the methodology used in the
study. It includes a description of the method of research used, the locale of
study, respondents and sampling procedure, instrument used and the statistical
analysis of data. Research Design This study utilized the descriptive-correlational
method of research. This method attempts to assess the effectiveness of crime
prevention strategies implemented by the Camalaniugan Police Station. In this
study, it will describe the effectiveness of the crime prevention strategies of
Camalaniugan Police Station in terms of mobility, communication, manpower and
community support and the problems encountered in implementing the same and will
evaluated and analyze. Locale of the Study This research study will be conducted in
the municipality of Camalaniugan, Cagayan. PNP members and Barangay Officials from
5 Barangays of Camalaniugan that are specifically selected as a respondents of this
study. Those Barangays that are not included is due to the difficult accessibility
on those remote areas. Respondents and Sampling Procedure There were one hundred
sixty seven (167) respondents of this study consisting of twenty (20) Camalaniugan
PNP Officer and one hundred forty seven (147) Barangay officials from
twenty one (21) Barangays of Camalaniugan, Cagayan. The devolved person were taken
on the basis of specific sampling. However, purposive sampling was utilized in the
selection of the program implementers. Table 1 below shows the respondents of the
study. Table1. Respondents of the Study Respondents PNP members Barangay Officials
Number of Respondents 20 35
Analysis of Data The data gathered will be tabulated, analyzed and interpreted.
Frequency counts, clear percentage distribution in treating the profile of the
respondents. Weighted mean will be used to determine the effectiveness of Crime
Prevention Strategies implemented by the Camalaniugan Police Station as assessed by
PNP members themselves and Barangay Officials.
QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Respondents:
Greetings!
Below are some questions that need your honest response which will be very useful
in attaining the objectives of the study. Rest assured that all your answers in
this questionnaire will be treated in strict confidentiality.
3. 4.
5. Utilizes personal vehicles/ motorcycle of the duty PNP personnel in responding
to police assistance. 2. Communication 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ITEMS Handheld radios are
issued only to team leaders in designated sectors, stations and substations. The
Camalaniugan Police Station communication equipment is not upgraded. Lack of
communication lines of the police to the community. No communication gadgets
provided to the force multipliers for easy access of information to the community.
Communication linkages is a problem of the Camalaniugan Police and force
multipliers due to insufficient fund support for the purpose from LGU. 1 2 3 4 5