MODUL PEMBELAJARAN SMA

BAHASA INGGRIS

Penulis : Steven pastryanto

Kelas : XII IPS 4
SMA Negeri 1 Tembilahan Hulu
Tahun Ajaran 2023 / 2024
 APPLICATION LETTER

A. Introduce of Application Letter

A job application letter is a written document made by a job applicant to submit himself as a
potential candidate in a job vacancy in a company or organization. This letter serves as a tool to
introduce yourself, express interest in the position you are applying for, and describe the
applicant's qualifications and experience.

B. Purpose of the Application Letter

1. Introducing Yourself : The purpose of a job application letter is to introduce yourself

briefly to the company or recruiter. Here, applicants can state their name, educational
background, and related work experience.
2. Expressing Interest : Application letters are used to express the applicant's interest and
desire to work in the company or organization concerned. This helps create a positive
impression and demonstrates the applicant's commitment to the position being applied
for.
3. Explaining Qualifications : Through a cover letter, applicants can briefly explain their
qualifications, skills and talents that are relevant to the desired position. This helps
recruiters understand whether the applicant has the appropriate qualifications for the
position.
4. Describe Motivation : Cover letters can also be used to explain the motivation and
reasons why the applicant is interested in working for the company. This helps
employers see if the applicant's goals and vision are in line with the company's values.
5. Demonstrating Communication Skills : The cover letter is the first example of the
applicant's written communication skills. The ability to convey information clearly,
concisely and effectively is critical to making a good impression.
6. Increase Your Chances Of Getting Interviewed : The job application letter acts as a tool
to attract the attention of employers. If the cover letter is attractive and meets the
required qualifications, the applicant will have a greater chance of being called for a
follow-up interview.
7. Affirms Professionalism : Cover letters also reflect the applicant's level of
professionalism and dedication to the job. A well-designed letter shows that the
applicant is serious about their job search and appreciates the opportunity presented.
 In short, a job application letter serves as a means to connect applicants with the company,
convey interest and qualifications, and convince the company that the applicant is a suitable
candidate for the position needed.

C. Main Sections of a Job Application Letter

A job application letter generally consists of several main parts that are important to convey
information clearly and regularly. The following are the parts of a job application letter :

 Date
Put the date the letter was written at the very top before the sender's address.

 Return address
Include your full address as the sender of the letter at the top right of the letter.

 Recipient Address
Write the full address of the company or agency you are applying for on the left side of the
letter, just below the return address.

 Greetings
Begin the letter by greeting the party receiving the letter. For example, "Dear [Company
Name/HRD/Recruitment Manager]".

 Statement of purpose (Optional)

Add a sentence or two outlining your purpose for sending your cover letter. For example, "With
this letter, I intend to apply for a job at the company that you lead."

 Introduction Paragraph
In this section, provide brief information about yourself, such as your name, education, and
experience (if relevant). Also explain how you found out about the job vacancy or from whom
you got information about the company.

 Experience Paragraph (if any)

If you have previous work experience relevant to the position you are applying for, briefly
describe your previous work and your role in the job.
  Motivational Paragraph
State why you are interested in joining the company or position you are applying for. Describe
how your skills or interests match the needs of the company.

 Closing Paragraph
In this paragraph, provide the conclusion of your cover letter. Include appreciation for the
opportunity to apply, and express hope for an interview opportunity to further discuss your
qualifications.

 Closing
End the letter with a closing greeting such as "Sincerely" or "Thank you for your concern."

 Signature
After the closing salutation, leave a few lines blank for your signature above your full name.

 Attachment
If so, state any attachments that you include with your cover letter, for example, a CV, portfolio
or certificate.
EXAMPLE :
 D. Linguistic Elements
The language element in an application letter or job application letter is an important aspect to
give a good impression to the recipient of the letter (usually the company or HRD). Here are
some linguistic elements that need to be considered in writing an application letter:

 Formal Language
Use formal and polite language in your cover letter. Avoid using language that is too relaxed or
slang.

 Use of Correct Spelling and Grammar

Make sure your spelling and grammar are correct. Double-check spelling and grammar errors
before sending your cover letter.

 Clear Sentence Structure

Convey your thoughts in clear and concise sentences. Avoid sentences that are too long or
ambiguous.

 Proper Use of Paragraphs

Divide the body of the cover letter into well-organized paragraphs. One paragraph for
introduction, one for experience, and one for motivation, for example.

 Use of Positive Words

Use positive, strong words to highlight your qualifications and accomplishments. For example:
"experienced," "has expertise," "achieved," and so on.

 Personalization
Try to mention the name of the company or party you are addressing in your cover letter. If
possible, also mention the name of the recipient of the letter (usually HRD or recruitment
manager).

 Show Strong Interest and Motivation

Clearly state your interest and motivation in applying for a job at the company. State why you
are interested in the company and how you can make a contribution.

 Avoid Cliches
Avoid using phrases or sentences that are too clichéd and general, such as "I want to work for
the best companies" or "I am a hard worker." Try to be specific and original in conveying
information.

 Evidence of Support
If possible, include evidence of support such as achievements, certificates or recommendations
that are relevant to your application.

 Proper Use of Punctuation

Make sure to use the correct punctuation, such as commas, periods, and other punctuation
marks, to facilitate understanding and help avoid misinterpretation.

E. Social Function

The social function of an application letter is to serve as a formal communication tool used by a
job seeker to apply for a specific job position in a company or organization. This type of letter
plays a significant role in the job application process and serves several important social
functions:

 Requesting Employment : The primary social function of an application letter is to

formally request employment from the company or organization. It demonstrates the
applicant's interest in the job vacancy and expresses their desire to be considered for the
position.
 Introducing the Applicant : The application letter introduces the applicant to the
employer or hiring manager. It provides an opportunity for the applicant to showcase
their qualifications, skills, and experiences relevant to the job.
 Highlighting Qualifications : The letter serves as a platform for the applicant to
highlight their key qualifications and achievements, emphasizing why they are the right
fit for the job.
 Expressing Motivation : Through the application letter, the applicant can express their
motivation and enthusiasm for the position and the company. It allows them to explain
why they are interested in working for the organization.
 Demonstrating Communication Skills : Writing a well-structured and coherent
application letter demonstrates the applicant's communication skills, which are essential
in any professional setting.
 Showing Professionalism : A well-crafted application letter shows that the applicant
takes the job application seriously and approaches it with professionalism. It reflects
positively on the applicant's image and reputation.
 Creating a Positive First Impression : The application letter is often the first interaction
between the applicant and the potential employer. A well-written letter can create a
positive first impression and increase the chances of getting an interview.
  Providing Additional Information : The letter allows the applicant to provide
additional information that might not be included in the resume or CV, helping the
employer gain a better understanding of the applicant's background and suitability for the
role.
 Demonstrating Attention to Detail : A carefully composed application letter indicates
that the applicant pays attention to detail and is diligent in their approach to the job
application process.
 Establishing Professional Etiquette : By following proper business letter etiquette, such
as addressing the recipient respectfully and using a formal tone, the applicant
demonstrates their understanding of professional communication norms.

Overall, the social function of an application letter is to present the applicant in the best possible
light, showcasing their qualifications, professionalism, and interest in the job, with the ultimate
goal of securing an interview and, eventually, a job offer.
 CAPTION
A. Introduction to Caption
Captions are text or short posts that accompany pictures, photos or videos on social media,
websites or other platforms. The purpose of captions is to provide context, additional
information, or messages that are relevant to the visual content presented. Captions usually
contain a number of short, concise and concise sentences, which can describe, comment on, or
evoke the audience's feelings for the displayed image or video.
In the context of social media, captions play an important role in increasing interaction and
engagement with the audience. Interesting and creative captions can attract audience
attention, increase the number of comments, likes or shares, and invite reactions or responses
from other users.
Captions can also be used to convey inspirational, motivational messages, or short stories
that enrich the visual experience presented. Also, on platforms like Instagram, captions are
often used to include relevant hashtags, which can help expand the reach of content and reach
a wider audience.
In everyday usage, captions can be found on various social media platforms such as
Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube or blogs. The ability to write effective and engaging
captions is essential, especially for individuals or businesses looking to communicate efficiently
with their audience.

B. Social Function
The social functions of captions in the context of social media are as follows:

 Providing Context : Captions offer context and additional explanations for the uploaded
images or videos. This helps the audience better understand the content and prevents
misinterpretation.
 Conveying Messages : Captions are used to convey messages, stories, or information
that the author wants to share with their audience. These messages can be
motivational, informative, entertaining, or anything relevant to the content being
posted.
 Enhancing Engagement : Captions that are engaging and creative can boost audience
engagement. They encourage the audience to react, comment, like, or share the
content, leading to increased interactions and broader reach.
  Directing Audience : Captions can be used to direct the audience to take specific
actions, such as visiting a website, subscribing to a channel, or participating in a contest
or event.
 Creating Connections : Captions help build connections and relationships between the
content creator and their audience. They can initiate conversations, encourage
interactions, and foster a sense of community among followers.
 Expressing Emotions : Captions allow content creators to express emotions, thoughts,
or personal experiences related to the content they are sharing. This humanizes the
content and makes it more relatable to the audience.
 Promoting Brand Identity : For businesses and brands, captions play a crucial role in
promoting their brand identity. Consistent language, tone, and messaging in captions
can strengthen brand recognition and recall.
 Encouraging Storytelling : Captions can be used to tell stories that complement the
visual content. Storytelling through captions helps captivate the audience and create a
deeper connection with the content.
 Including Hashtags and Keywords : Captions often include relevant hashtags and
keywords. This helps categorize the content, making it discoverable by a wider audience
interested in similar topics.
 Providing Updates : Captions can be used to share updates, news, or announcements
with the audience. This keeps followers informed and engaged with the latest
happenings.
In summary, captions serve various social functions in social media by providing context,
conveying messages, enhancing engagement, directing audiences, fostering connections, and
promoting brand identity. They are powerful tools for content creators to interact with their
audience, express themselves, and share meaningful experiences or information.

C. various types of captions

Here are some types of captions and their explanations:

 Inspirational/Motivational
This type of caption contains inspirational or motivational quotes that aim to inspire and
encourage the audience. Usually contains positive and motivating words.

 Short Stories/Miniature Tales

This type of caption contains short short stories or mini stories but has a moral message or a
striking meaning.

 Questions and Interactions

This caption contains questions directed at the audience with the aim of inviting them to
interact, provide feedback, or share experiences.

 Image/Video Description:
This caption serves to explain or provide a description of the uploaded image or video,
especially if the content requires further explanation.

 Excerpts from Other Materials

This type of caption contains quotes from books, songs, films or other sources that are relevant
to the uploaded content.

 Counseling or Information
These captions provide useful information or provide an explanation of a particular topic that
might be of interest to the audience.

 Contest or Giveaway
This type of caption is used to announce a contest, giveaway, or competition being held, as well
as provide instructions or conditions for participation.

 Announcement
This type of caption contains important announcements such as changes to schedules, events,
promotions, or matters relating to a business or organization.

 Celebration or Congratulation
These captions are used to celebrate special occasions, birthdays, holidays, or to wish someone
well.

 Funny or Humorous Messages

This type of caption contains humor, jokes or light satire to entertain the audience or make
them smile.

 Product or Service Promotion

These captions are used to promote products, services or special offers from a business or
brand.
  Travel or Personal Experience
This caption contains travel stories or personal experiences that content creators want to share.

Keep in mind that in using any type of caption, it is important to maintain conformity with the
uploaded content and understand the target audience so that the message or meaning you
want to convey can be conveyed properly.

D. Linguistic Elements

Linguistic elements in captions refer to the language features and components used to convey
messages effectively. These elements play a crucial role in capturing the attention of the
audience and delivering the intended meaning clearly. Some of the linguistic elements
commonly found in captions include:

 Vocabulary : The choice of words used in captions can vary depending on the target
audience and the message being conveyed. Captions may contain simple and commonly
understood words or more specialized terms, depending on the context.
 Sentence Structure : Captions often use concise and straightforward sentence structures
to convey information efficiently. Short sentences or sentence fragments are common in
captions to maintain brevity.
 Punctuation : Appropriate punctuation helps in organizing the caption and clarifying its
meaning. For instance, using commas, colons, or dashes can aid in separating ideas and
adding emphasis.

 Hashtags : Captions often include hashtags to categorize the content and make it more
discoverable to a wider audience interested in similar topics. Hashtags help users find
content related to specific themes or trends.
 Emojis and Emoticons : These graphical elements are used to add emotions, express
feelings, or complement the message in a fun and engaging way. Emojis and emoticons
can help convey emotions or reactions that may be challenging to express solely with
words.
 Abbreviations and Acronyms : Captions may include abbreviations or acronyms to
keep the text concise, especially in platforms with character limits. Common examples
include "FYI" (For Your Information), "BTW" (By the Way), or "LOL" (Laugh Out
Loud).
 Adjectives and Adverbs : The strategic use of adjectives and adverbs can add
descriptive elements to the caption, making it more vivid and engaging.
 Questions and Call-to-Action : Captions may contain questions to encourage audience
engagement and prompt them to respond or take specific actions. Call-to-action phrases
 such as "Tag a friend," "Share your thoughts," or "Click the link in bio" encourage
audience participation.
 Alliteration and Wordplay : Creative use of alliteration (repetition of initial consonant
sounds) or wordplay can make captions more memorable and enjoyable to read.
 Language Style : Captions can adopt a formal, informal, conversational, or humorous
language style, depending on the content and the desired tone of communication.

Effective use of these linguistic elements in captions can significantly impact audience
engagement, create connections, and convey messages with clarity and impact. It's essential to
consider the platform, the intended audience, and the context when crafting captions to ensure
they resonate with the target audience and achieve the desired communication objectives.
EXAMPLE :

OR
 NEWS ITEM

A. Introduce of News Item

News Item is a type of news text that contains a brief report about an actual event or
incident that just happened. The purpose of news items is to convey information quickly, clearly
and objectively to readers. Typically, news items can be found in the main news sections of
newspapers, news portals, or news websites.

B. News Item Structure

The structure of news items usually follows an inverted pyramid format, where the most
important information is placed at the beginning of the news, followed by more detailed
information. The structure includes three main elements :
 Lead : The first part of the news that contains a brief and concise summary of the event
or events being reported. The lead must answer the 5W+1H questions (What, Who,
Where, When, Why and How).
 Body : The news section that provides more information about the event. The contents of
the news are given sequentially, starting from the most important information to more
detailed information.
  Closing : The end of the story that marks the end of the report and doesn't have to be
long. It usually contains a brief statement or additional supporting facts.

C. Characteristics of News Items

Some of the characteristics of news items include:

 Facts and Objectivity : News items focus on presenting facts objectively without the
author's personal opinion or interpretation. News must be accountable journalistically.
 Concise and Concise : News is written concisely and concisely in order to convey
information quickly and efficiently.
 5W+1H : News items include answers to questions 5W+1H to provide comprehensive
information about the reported event.
 No Opinion : News item writers do not include personal opinions or comments in the
news. News must be neutral and impartial.

 Formal Language : News items are written in formal and journalistic language, avoiding
the use of emotional or imprecise language.
 Headline : News item title that catches attention and includes the essence of the
reported event.
 Inverted Pyramid : News items follow an inverted pyramid structure by presenting the
most important information first, followed by the detailed information.
 Unbiased Writing : News items must not favor or side with certain groups or individuals
and must avoid conflicts of interest.

By following the structure and characteristics of news items, readers can easily understand the
information presented and find out the latest facts about the events reported.

D. Social Function

The social function of news items is to inform, educate, and engage the public with timely
and accurate information about current events, developments, and important issues. News items
play a vital role in society by serving the following social functions :
  Providing Information : News items deliver factual and up-to-date information about
various events, incidents, policies, and developments that occur locally, nationally, and
globally. They keep the public informed about what is happening around them.
 Promoting Awareness : News items raise awareness about social, economic, political,
and environmental issues. They shed light on matters that might otherwise go unnoticed
or underreported, encouraging discussions and actions for positive change.
 Encouraging Accountability : By reporting on government activities, corporate
practices, and public institutions, news items help hold those in power accountable for
their actions. Transparency in news reporting fosters responsible governance and fosters
trust in the media.
 Fostering Civic Participation : News items empower citizens with the knowledge and
information they need to make informed decisions about public affairs. Informed citizens
are more likely to engage in civic activities and participate in the democratic process.
 Supporting Democratic Values : News items are a cornerstone of democratic societies.
They facilitate an open exchange of ideas, promote freedom of speech, and ensure that
citizens have access to diverse viewpoints and opinions.
 Cultivating Critical Thinking : By presenting information from multiple perspectives,
news items encourage critical thinking among the audience. They prompt readers to
analyze and evaluate information before forming their own opinions.

 Facilitating Social Cohesion : News items provide a shared understanding of events and
issues within a society. They contribute to a sense of community and solidarity, fostering
social cohesion and collective identity.
 Reporting Human Interest Stories : Apart from hard news, news items often include
human interest stories that touch the emotions and empathy of the readers. These stories
highlight the struggles, achievements, and experiences of individuals, bringing attention
to various human aspects of life.
 Promoting Accountability and Transparency : News items that investigate and
uncover corruption, fraud, or other wrongdoings hold individuals, organizations, and
institutions accountable. This encourages transparency and ethical behavior.
 Alerting the Public to Emergencies and Disasters : News items play a critical role in
informing the public about emergencies, natural disasters, and other crises. They provide
essential safety information and updates during such situations.

In summary, news items serve as a cornerstone of informed and democratic societies. They
inform, educate, and engage the public while promoting transparency, accountability, and critical
thinking. By fulfilling these social functions, news items contribute significantly to a well-
informed and engaged citizenry.

E. Linguistic Elements
The linguistic elements of news play a crucial role in delivering information effectively and
objectively. These elements are used to ensure clarity, accuracy, and neutrality in news reporting.
Some of the linguistic elements commonly found in news include:

 Headline : The headline is the title of the news article, which should be concise and
attention-grabbing while accurately summarizing the main point of the news item.
 Lead/Lead Paragraph : The lead is the opening paragraph of a news article, providing a
concise summary of the most essential information, often answering the questions of
who, what, where, when, why, and how (5W+1H).
 Inverted Pyramid Structure : News articles often follow the inverted pyramid structure,
with the most important information presented at the beginning, followed by supporting
details in descending order of importance.
 Objective Language : News writing should maintain an objective tone and avoid bias or
personal opinions. It should present facts without favoring any particular point of view.
 Attribution : When quoting or citing information from sources, news articles use
attribution to acknowledge the origin of the information and maintain credibility.
 Direct Quotations : News articles often include direct quotations from individuals
involved in the events or experts to provide first-hand perspectives and insights.

 Third-Person Perspective : News items are typically written in the third person to
maintain an impartial and distant tone.
 Conciseness : News writing aims to be concise and to the point, conveying information
succinctly without unnecessary elaboration.
 Avoiding Sensationalism : Responsible news writing avoids sensational language or
exaggerations and focuses on factual reporting.
 Headlinese : Headlines often use a unique style of language called "headlinese," which
involves omitting certain words and using concise phrases to fit limited space while
retaining meaning.
 Factuality and Accuracy : News items prioritize factual accuracy, fact-checking, and
verification of information before publication.
 Avoiding Jargon : News writing avoids using technical jargon or language that may not
be familiar to a general audience. It aims for clarity and accessibility.
 Tense Usage : News items usually employ the past tense for reporting events that have
already occurred, while using the present tense for describing ongoing or developing
situations.
 Neutral Language : News writing maintains a neutral tone, avoiding emotionally
charged language that might sway readers' opinions.
 Inverted Commas (Quotation Marks) : Quotations are typically enclosed within
inverted commas to indicate the direct speech of a source.

By adhering to these linguistic elements, news articles can effectively convey information to
readers in a clear, objective, and credible manner, promoting transparency and responsible
journalism.
EXAMPLE :