A TECHNICAL REPORT ON STUDENT’S INDUSTRIAL

WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

CARRIED OUT

AT

STATE UNIVERSAL BASIC EDUCATION BOARD, KEBBI STATE.

BY

DAVID PRECIOUS

1810207004

TO THE

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS FACULTY OF SCIENCES

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY BIRNIN KEBBI, P.M.B 1157, KEBBI STATE.

December, 2021

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 CERTIFICATION

This it to certify that DAVID PRECIOUS, a student of Federal University Birnin-Kebbi,

Kebbi State in the Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics with admission
number 1810207004 has successfully completed his three (3) months SIWES program
at State Universal Basic Education Board Ribah Danko Wasagu Kebbi State.

__________________ ________________
Students Signature Date

__________________ ________________

Level Coordinator Date

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 DEDICATION

I dedicated this report firstly to Almighty God for the completion of my nine(9)
weeks Industrial Training that was carried out at Kebbi and making it successful. I also
thank my parents and my siblings for their love, support financially and their prayers.

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 DECLARATION

I declared that the presented technical report was uniquely prepared by me after the
completion of Three (3) Months SIWES program at State Universal Basic Education
Board Kebbi State.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All thanks be to Almighty God for inspiration and privilege to carry out this
SIWES successfully. My profound gratitude goes to my beloved parents and the entire
members of my family, for their care and support morally and financially. I am pleased
to express my gratitude to my SIWES coordinator Mr. Rilwan Muh’d Baura for his
advice, encouragement and guidance. Finally, my profound gratitude also goes to Kebbi
Education Board for providing me with conductive environment and to my special
friends and colleagues whose names are too many to be mentioned for their
tremendous effort, and the entire department of Mathematics, Staff and Lecturers for
their support.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE:

1.1 Introduction
1.2 History of SIWES
1.3 Description of Work Done
1.4 Aims and Objectives of SIWES

CHAPTER TWO: SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED

2.1 Introduction to Basic Statistics
2.1.1 Basic Statistics Definition
2.2 National Education Research Tools
2.3 Data Analysis
2.3.1 Why Data Analysis
2.3.2 Data Analysis Tools
2.3.3 Types of Data Analysis Tools
2.4 Data Processing
2.4.1 Data Processing Cycle
2.4.2 Data Processing Steps
CHAPTER THREE:
3.1 Data Disclosure Control
3.2 School Infrastructure
3.2.1 Example of School Infrastructure
3.3 Report Writing
3.3.1 Essential Elements of Report Writing

CHAPTER FOUR: PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED

4.1 Problem Encountered

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

4.1 Summary
4.2 Recommendations
4.3 Conclusion
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 CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION
This technical report is a concise documentation of my exposure and experience gained
in the area of Data Management and Analysis supervision during my Industrial Work
Experience Scheme (SIWES) with a consultancy firm called State Universal Education
Board Kebbi State. The program commenced on July 2021 and ended in September
2021.

1.2 HISTORY OF SIWES

Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was established by ITF (Industrial
Training Funds) in the year 1973 to solve problem of lack of adequate proper skills for
employment of tertiary institution graduates by Nigerian industries. SIWES was founded
to be a skill training programmed to help expose and prepare student of universities,
polytechnics and colleges of education for the industrial work situation to be met after
graduation. This scheme serve as a smooth transition from the classroom to the world
of work and further helps in the application of knowledge.

The scheme provides students with opportunity of acquainting and exposing themselves
to the experience required in handling and managing of equipments and machineries
that are usually not made available in their institutions.

Before this scheme was established there was a growing concern and trend notice by
industrialist that the graduate of higher institutions lack sufficient practical background
for employment. It is used to be that students who got into Nigeria institutions to study
science and technology where not trained in the practical know-how of their various
fields of study. As a result, they could not easily find jobs due to the lack of working
experience.

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1.3 DESCRIPTION OF PLACE OF ATTACHMENT

The Kebbi State UBE Board is a parastatal of the Kebbi State Ministry of
Education and has been in existence since 1994, under the name, State
Primary Education Board.

With the passage of the UBE Act into law in 2004, by the National
Assemblies, the Universal Basic Education Commission was established by
the Federal Government and consequently, all States of the Federation were
directed to make enabling laws for the establishment of State UBE Boards.

1.4 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF SIWES

 To bridge the gap between theory and practice by providing a platform to apply
knowledge learnt in the school to real work situations.
 To provide students with industrial skills and needed experience while the course
of study.
 To prepare specialist who will be ready for any working situations immediately
after graduation.
 To enhance and strengthened employers involvement in the educational
processes and preparing students for employment in the industries.
 To expose students to working method and techniques in handling equipment
and machineries that may not be available in some educational institutions.
 SIWES Students will be able to develop a draft agency or project budget and will
be able to identify methods of obtaining revenue to support the budget.

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 CHAPTER TWO

SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED

2.1 INTRODUCTION TO BASIC STATISTICS

Statistics is an amalgamation of both science and art. It is built around the

rules of applied mathematics, which is the science part. For quantitative
research, it requires rigorous statistical analysis. Statistical calculations are
performed under a set of rules, to minimize incorrect results. The art part of
statistics is the judgment of the practitioner. It requires judgment and decision
making in deciding how to design a problem statement and how to solve it by
using data and statistics. Practitioners must decide among the various statistical
techniques to use at what significance level and then interpret the produced
results.

2.1.1 Basic Statistics Definition

Basic statistics lays the foundation for further studies in statistics. It includes lots
of ways to classify and sort variables and data so that they can be studied with
tools you'll be introduced to later. For example, correlation and hypothesis
testing.

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2.2 NATIONAL EDUCATION RESEARCH TOOLS

Educational research refers to the systematic collection and analysis of data

related to the field of education. Research may involve a variety of methods and
various aspects of education including student learning, teaching methods,
teacher training, and classroom dynamics.

Educational researchers generally agree that research should be rigorous and

systematic. However, there is less agreement about specific standards, criteria
and research procedures. Educational researchers may draw upon a variety of
disciplines including geology, psychology, economics, sociology, anthropology,
and philosophy. Methods may be drawn from a range of disciplines. Conclusions
drawn from an individual research study may be limited by the characteristics of
the participants who were studied and the conditions under which the study was
conducted.
Tools that educational researchers use in collecting qualitative data
include: observations, conducting interviews, conducting document analysis, and
analyzing participant products such as journals, diaries, images or blogs.

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2.3 DATA ANALYSIS

Data analysis is defined as a process of cleaning, transforming, and

modeling data to discover useful information for business decision-making. The
purpose of Data Analysis is to extract useful information from data and taking
the decision based upon the data analysis.

A simple example of Data analysis is whenever we take any decision in our day-
to-day life is by thinking about what happened last time or what will happen by
choosing that particular decision. This is nothing but analyzing our past or future
and making decisions based on it. For that, we gather memories of our past or
dreams of our future. So that is nothing but data analysis. Now same thing
analyst does for business purposes, is called Data Analysis.

2.3.1 Why Data Analysis?

To grow your business even to grow in your life, sometimes all you need to do is
Analysis!

If your business is not growing, then you have to look back and acknowledge
your mistakes and make a plan again without repeating those mistakes. And
even if your business is growing, then you have to look forward to making the
business to grow more. All you need to do is analyze your business data and
business processes.

2.3.2 Data Analysis Tools

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2.3.3 Types of Data Analysis: Techniques and Methods
There are several types of Data Analysis techniques that exist based on business
and technology. However, the major Data Analysis methods are:

 Text Analysis
 Statistical Analysis
 Diagnostic Analysis
 Predictive Analysis
 Prescriptive Analysis

Text Analysis
Text Analysis is also referred to as Data Mining. It is one of the methods of data
analysis to discover a pattern in large data sets using databases or data mining
tools. It used to transform raw data into business information. Business
Intelligence tools are present in the market which is used to take strategic
business decisions. Overall it offers a way to extract and examine data and
deriving patterns and finally interpretation of the data.

Statistical Analysis
Statistical Analysis shows “What happen?” by using past data in the form of
dashboards. Statistical Analysis includes collection, Analysis, interpretation,
presentation, and modeling of data. It analyses a set of data or a sample of data.
There are two categories of this type of Analysis – Descriptive Analysis and
Inferential Analysis.

Descriptive Analysis
Analyses complete data or a sample of summarized numerical data. It shows
mean and deviation for continuous data whereas percentage and frequency for
categorical data.

Inferential Analysis
Analyses sample from complete data. In this type of Analysis, you can find
different conclusions from the same data by selecting different samples.

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2.4 DATA PROCESSING

Data Processing is the manipulation of data by a computer or manually. It

includes the conversion of raw data to machine-readable form, flow of data

through the CPU and memory to output devices, and formatting or

transformation of output. Any use of computers to perform defined operations on

data can be included under data processing. In the commercial world, data

processing refers to the processing of data required to run organizations and

businesses.

2.4.1 Data Processing Cycle

The data processing cycle consists of a series of steps where raw data (input) is
fed into a process (CPU) to produce actionable insights (output). Each step is
taken in a specific order, but the entire process is repeated in a cyclic manner.
The first data processing cycle's output can be stored and fed as the input for
the next cycle.

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2.4.2 Data Processing Steps

Step 1: Collection

The collection of raw data is the first step of the data processing cycle. The type
of raw data collected has a huge impact on the output produced. Hence, raw
data should be gathered from defined and accurate sources so that the
subsequent findings are valid and usable. Raw data can include monetary
figures, website cookies, profit/loss statements of a company, user behavior, etc.

Step 2: Preparation

Data preparation or data cleaning is the process of sorting and filtering the raw
data to remove unnecessary and inaccurate data. Raw data is checked for errors,
duplication, miscalculations or missing data, and transformed into a suitable form
for further analysis and processing. This is done to ensure that only the highest
quality data is fed into the processing unit.

Step 3: Input

In this step, the raw data is converted into machine readable form and fed into
the processing unit. This can be in the form of data entry through a keyboard,
scanner or any other input source.

Step 4: Data Processing

In this step, the raw data is subjected to various data processing methods
using machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms to generate a
desirable output. This step may vary slightly from process to process depending
on the source of data being processed (data lakes, online databases, connected
devices, etc.) and the intended use of the output.

Step 5: Output

The data is finally transmitted and displayed to the user in a readable form like
graphs, tables, vector files, audio, video, documents, etc. This output can be
stored and further processed in the next data processing cycle.

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Step 6: Storage

The last step of the data processing cycle is storage, where data and metadata
are stored for further use. This allows for quick access and retrieval of
information whenever needed, and also allows it to be used as input in the next
data processing cycle directly.

Examples of Data Processing

Data processing occurs in our daily lives whether we may be aware of it or not.
Here are some real-life examples of data processing:

 A stock trading software that converts millions of stock data into a simple
graph.

 An e-commerce company uses the search history of customers to recommend

similar products.

 A digital marketing company uses demographic data of people to strategize

location-specific campaigns.

 A self-driving car uses real-time data from sensors to detect if there are
pedestrians and other cars on the road.

That was all about the article what Data Processing is.

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 CHAPTER THREE

DATA DISCLOSURE CONTROL

3.1 Statistical (data) Disclosure Control (SDC)

Also known as statistical disclosure limitation (SDL) or disclosure

avoidance, is a technique used in data-driven research to ensure no person or
organization is identifiable from the results of an analysis of survey or
administrative data, or in the release of micro-data. The purpose of SDC is to
protect the confidentiality of the respondents and subjects of the research.

SDC usually refers to 'output SDC'; ensuring that, for example, a published table
or graph does not disclosure confidential information about respondents. SDC
can also describes protection methods applied to the data: for example,
removing names and addresses, limiting extreme values, or swapping
problematic observations. This is sometimes referred to as 'input SDC', but is
more commonly called anonymization, de-identification, or micro-data protection.

Textbooks typically cover input SDC and tabular data protection (but not other
parts of output SDC). This is because these two problems are of direct interest to
statistical agencies who supported the development of the field. For analytical
environments, output rules developed for statistical agencies were generally used
until data managers began arguing for specific output SDC for research.

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3.2 SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE

School Infrastructure means those activities for which a school district is

authorized to contract indebtedness and issue general obligation bonds, except
those activities related to a teacher’s or superintendent’s home or homes. These
activities include the construction, reconstruction, repair, demolition, purchase,
or remodeling of schoolhouses, stadiums, gymnasiums, field houses, and bus
garages; the procurement of schoolhouse sites and site improvements; and the
payment or retirement of general obligation bonds issued for school
infrastructure purposes or of sales and services tax for school infrastructure
revenue bonds. The definition of school infrastructure also includes activities for
which revenues under Iowa Code sections 298.3 and 300.2 may be spent and
property tax relief for the debt service property tax levy, regular physical plant
and equipment property tax levy, voter-approved physical plant and equipment
income surtax and property tax levy, and the public education and recreation
property tax levy.

3.2.1 Examples of School Infrastructure in a sentence

School Infrastructure means the civil structure, superstructures, classrooms,

laboratories, library, playfields, facilities and amenities provided on the Site in
accordance with this Agreement, Applicable Laws and relevant affiliating Board /
competent authorities / Government of India/ UT Administration Guidelines and
Applicable Permits.

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3.3 REPORT WRITING

Report writing is a formal style of writing elaborately on a topic. The tone of a

report is always formal. The audience it is meant for is always thought out section.
For example – report writing about a school event, report writing about a business
case, etc. Today we shall learn about the essential elements of Report Writing.

3.3.1 Essential Elements to Report Writing

From the previous section, you must have gotten a tiny idea of what Reports are
like. Let’s break it down further here extending from that point

 Reports are written with much analysis. The purpose of report writing is
essential to inform the reader about a topic, minus one’s opinion on the topic.
It’s simply a portrayal of facts, as it is. Even if one gives inferences, solid
analysis, charts, tables and data is provided. Mostly it is specified by the
person who’s asked for the report whether they’d like your take or not if that
is the case. In many cases, what’s required is your suggestions for a specific
case after a factual report. That depends on why are you writing the report
and who you are writing it for in the first place. Knowing your audience’s
motive for asking for that report is very important as it sets the course of the
facts focused in your report. You will know what we mean in further chapters
where we actually explain this with examples.
Furthermore,

 Write-up flows like – introduction, body, conclusion and summary. The layout
is pretty crisp with a title page, numbered subheadings, clear bulleted points,
recommendations, references, appendices, dates, and timings reported
exactly sometimes, and so on. This format stays consistent throughout.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED

No Problem encountered

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 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

5.1 SUMMARY
Data Management and Analysis provides me an introduction to the data management
and analysis skills needed to bring students to an entry-level ICT professionals. The
curriculum covers the fundamentals of data management, analysis as well as advanced
concepts such as report writing and data processing. In addition, the curriculum covers
extensively the management part in order to impact students required knowledge to do
data processing, management, analysis and security of State Universal Basic Education
Board.

5.2 RECOMMENDATION
I recommend that SIWES should provide places for industrial attachment for students,
industrial training fund should pay some allowances to students and the company
should provide more safety equipments to prevent further environmental and health
hazards.

I also recommend that, supervisors of the various universities/polytechnics should

endeavor to visit the students in their various place of attachment to check on their
welfare and the companies should be willing to accept and encourage students that are
seeking for SIWES placement in their company.

5.3 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, as a student of Mathematics, I have been able to obtain the most
relevant and effective practical industrial training and experience in a duration of four
months (4 months) having been exposed to practical on-site situations and activities.

Furthermore, an awareness of the general workplace has been developed in me and I

have acquired important behavior and interpersonal skills with the opportunity given to
me to get a feel work environment and exposure as a student to the engineer’s
responsibilities and ethics. Finally, I would like to state that SIWES programme is a very
relevant and necessary programme for all students that must be taken advantage of by
every student’s professional development prior to graduation.

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