IoT Based Home Automation System

Project Thesis

Submitted By

17-33957-1 Rahman Suraiya

17-33936-1 Sameka, Sabiba Tasnim

17-33488-1 Islam MD Imtiazul

17-33966-1 Tanim, Kh. Sibat

Department of Computer Science

Faculty of Science & Technology
American International University Bangladesh

February, 2022
 Declaration

We declare that this thesis is our original work and has not been submitted in any form for
another degree or diploma at any university or other institute of tertiary education. Information
derived from the published and unpublished work of others has been acknowledged in the text
and a list of references is given.

_______________________________ _______________________________

Rahman Suraiya Sameka, Sabiba Tasnim

17-33957-1 17-33936-1

Computer Science and Engineering Computer Science and Engineering

_______________________________ _______________________________

Islam MD Imtiazul Tanim, Kh. Sibat

17-33488-1 17-33966-1

Computer Science and Engineering Computer Science and Engineering

 Approval

The thesis titled “IoT Based Home Automation System” has been submitted to the following
respected members of the board of examiners of the department of computer science in partial
fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science on
(23/02/22) and has been accepted as satisfactory.

_______________________________ _______________________________

Kazi Sadia MD. AL-AMIN

Lecturer & Supervisor Lecturer & External

Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science

American International University-Bangladesh American International University-Bangladesh

_____________________________ ______________________________

Dr. Md. Abdullah-Al-Jubair Dr. Carmen Z. Lamagna

Assistant Professor& Head (Undergraduate) Vice Chancellor

Department of Computer Science American International University-Bangladesh

American International University-Bangladesh

 Acknowledgement

At first, we would like to thank to Almighty Allah for allowing us to complete this report on IoT-
based home automation with 24 hours monitoring system. we would like to thank the Faculty of
Science & Technology to keep thesis credit in the curriculum of the graduation program and give
us a scope of tasting the flavor of the research field according to our interests. Now, there is a
little effort to show my deep gratitude to our supervisor. We convey our sincere gratitude to our
supervisor Kazi Sadia (Lecturer, Department of Computer Science), she allowed us to research
this project which allow us to gain much knowledge in this field. Her valuable advice and
guidance have always been very helpful. In every phase of this research, her supervision and
guidance shaped this report to be completed perfectly.
 Abstract

Home automation systems are becoming increasingly popular as a result of their various
advantages. Using the Internet of Things (IoT) and a night vision camera, this project suggests a
concept for a low-cost home automation system. Many of the planned solutions make it simple to
live in the house. However, this paper focuses on the more sophisticated system. This article
describes how to use motion detection algorithms to turn lights on and off, as well as sensors for
gas detection. The house is organized into four sections, each with its own function and system.
For processing and transferring the input data, the Raspberry Pi (RPi) is employed as the main
controller. The Internet of Things (IoT) offers massive storage for data collected from sensors and
residential appliances. Consumers' lives are made simpler, more pleasant, quicker, and more
secure with a Home Automation System based on the Internet of ThingsThis cutting-edge
technology allows customers to operate their home appliances and equipment from anywhere in
the globe using a web browser and an internet connection. The suggested method is extremely
adaptable and scalable while maintaining excellent accuracy.
Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction 8
1.1.1 IoT & Smart 8
Home/Home
automation.

9
1.1.2 Devices
9
1.2 Motivation
10
1.3 Objective

5Chapter 2: Literature Review

2.1 Literature Review 11
Chapter 3: Proposed Methodology

14
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Proposed Framework 14
Chapter 4: Analysis 20
4.1 Evaluation of Proposed Work 20
4.2 Characteristics Of devices being used 21
4.3 Comparison with Similar Works 24
4.4 Challenges 24
Chapter 5: Conclusion
25
5.1 Future Work 25
5.2 Conclusion 26
Chapter 6: Reference

List of Tables

Table 4-1 Characteristics of the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B. 21

Table 4-2 Characteristics of the Automatic Power Selector. 21
Table 4-3 Characteristics of the IR Sensor. 21
Table 4-4 Characteristics of the PIR Sensor. 22
Table 4-5 Characteristics of the Night Vision Camera. 22
Table 4-6 Characteristics of the IPS. 23

Table 4-7 Characteristics of the Motion detector. 23

List of Figures

Fig. 4-1 Raspberry Pi 3 Model B. 21

Fig. 4-2 Automatic Power Selector. 21

Fig. 4-3 APS structure. 21

Fig. 4-4 IR Sensor. 22

Fig. 4-5 PIR Sensor. 22

Fig. 4-6 Night Vision Camera. 22

Fig. 4-7 IPS. 23

Fig. 4-8 Motion Detector. 23

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Introduction
A home is a place where people spend the majority of their time. As a result, home automation is
being developed to improve people's comfort and quality of life. Home automation is also
referred to as "Demotics," and a home automation system (HAS) is referred to as a "smart home"
or "smart house." The system includes security components such as a fire alarm system, motion
detection, and others. [1].

1.1.1 IoT & Smart Home/Home automation

The internet has evolved into a common interface that many devices use to simplify many
people's daily lives. The internet enables us to provide immediate solutions to many problems
while also allowing us to connect from any remote location, which contributes to overall cost
reduction and energy consumption. [2]. The process of connecting all physical components and
objects on the planet to the internet is referred to as the Internet of Things. The Internet of Things
(IoT) is a cutting-edge and cost-effective solution for connecting things to the internet and
connecting the entire world of things in a network. The Internet of Things, in which 'things' such
as sensors and devices transmit data directly to the Internet, has evolved into an enabling
technology eco-system with a variety of applications. Sensors, microcontrollers, wireless
networking, cloud-based services, mobile apps, and web pages are all part of IoT technology. [3].
A home automation system frequently connects controlled devices to a central smart home hub
(sometimes called a "gateway"). Tablet or desktop computers, a mobile phone application, or an
off-site Web interface accessible via the Internet are all options for controlling the system.
Despite the fact that there are many competing suppliers, open-source solutions are becoming
more popular. However, there are some disadvantages to home automation today, such as a lack
of standardized security measures and the obsolescence of older devices that lack backward
compatibility [4]. Some benefits of IoT based Home Automation System briefly discussed below:

• Monitoring and Control: The Internet of Things vastly improves the ability to control and
monitor all of the operations that occur in the house.

• Savings in both money and energy: To save money, users can simply optimize their use
and change their smart home settings. They can also delegate all of the functions of their
smart home system to it. Devices that are not in use will be turned off by the system. If
no one is at home, lower the power consumption.

• Impact on the Environment: It reduces energy waste, resulting in lower electricity bills
and energy savings, which help to reduce the negative impact on the environment.

• Improved Safety: A smart home security system is an excellent tool for securing the
property because it provides complete control over everything inside and outside the
home. Motion, smoke, and other sensors, as well as security cameras and smart locks, all
collaborate to notify the user if something goes wrong. Users can monitor what's going
on inside and outside their homes from anywhere in the world.

• Comfort: People have always wished for everything to be more comfortable and
convenient, and IoT in smart homes is perhaps the greatest achievement in this regard. It
is ideal for the task of simplifying and improving the lives of users.

1.1.2 Devices
IR sensor: The IR sensor emits or detects IR radiation to detect specific characteristics in its
surroundings. These sensors can also detect and measure a target's heat as well as its motion. The
IR sensor circuit is a critical component in many electronic devices. This type of sensor is similar
to the visionary senses used by humans to detect obstacles. Some of the advantages of using an
infrared sensor included: Low power consumption, excellent noise resistance, detects motion
whether the light is on or off, rust does not affect these sensors, they do not need to come into
contact with objects for detection, no data leakage due to the directionality of infrared radiation of
ray, these have a smaller size and are more moderate. In comparison to thermocouples, it
responds quickly and has a high level of dependability.
PIR sensor: A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that detects the
amount of infrared (IR) light emitted by objects in its field of view. These are most commonly
found in motion detectors that use PIR technology. These are commonly found in security alarms
and automated lighting systems. PIR Sensors have been widely adopted by the open-source
hardware community for projects involving Arduino and Raspberry Pi because they are equipped
with powerful functions at a low cost. In general, PIR sensors can detect animal/human
movement within a specific range determined by the sensor's specifications. The detector does
not emit energy, but rather passively receives and detects infrared radiation from its surroundings.
Raspberry Pi: The Raspberry Pi is a line of single-board computers. They are inexpensive, high-
performance, and the size of a credit card. The Raspberry Pi comes in a variety of configurations,
each with its own set of features. Some Raspberry Pi models include an Ethernet connector for
connecting to the internet. Some models can also connect to the internet via Wi-Fi.

1.2 Motivation
Home automation systems are becoming more popular as a result of technological advancements
and more lively communication. Furthermore, this existing system can be controlled both locally
and remotely. It is also an easy-to-use tool. Smart home automation is used for many different
reasons, including convenience, security, and energy savings. The proposed idea is to develop a
safe automation system. IoT-based home automation systems that use smartphones and laptops to
control home appliances efficiently and easily. If something unusual happens in the house, users
will receive a notification. It is reassuring for a homeowner to know that someone is always
keeping an eye on them. This is especially true for families with elderly members or children who
require special care. Working women can monitor their children continuously through the
automation system from their office easily.

1.3 Objective
This is a proposed idea that will be very difficult to penetrate for any intruder. It will focus both
on controlling home appliances (i.e., fan, lights) and surveillance systems by using night vision
cameras, motion detectors some safety alert sensors such as gas and fire sensors when a user is
not home. The night vision camera with three types of the power system will ensure 24 hours
monitoring of the home. This system is tougher to break, there will be three different power
sources such as the Main grid, IPS, and an alternative solar panel connected to power up the
security system. Some devices will be used in this project such as an IR sensor, PIR sensor,
Raspberry pi as a main board, motion detector, and night vision camera. The primary goal of this
project is to create an unbreakable monitoring system using IoT. This proposed concept is
addressed at the following:(i) propose a continuous monitoring system. (ii)propose an automation
system to ensure security properly (iii) propose a web-based application that can be operated from
anyplace anytime.
Chapter 2: Literature Review

2.1 Literature Review

People can converse and share data over the internet. The concept of "home automation" has been
around for a long time. To characterize the concept of home networking appliances, the terms
"smart home" and "intelligent home" were coined. Lighting, security, and other appliances and
systems in a home can be controlled and monitored remotely with home automation systems. It
improves energy efficiency, security, and, most significantly, user ease and comfort. Many clients
are interested in home automation systems, which are becoming increasingly popular in today's
rising sector.
An efficient IoT (Internet of Things) implementation for monitoring and managing household
appliances through the Internet is shown by an IoT-based monitoring and control system for
home automation [1]. The suggested system is based on the Internet of Things, which intends to
create a network between embedded and sensory devices that can store, analyze, and transmit
data. The Infrared (IR) sensor is the most cost-effective discovery unit that we can use at home.
The raspberry pi receives a signal from the sensor when it detects sound. We can turn on/off
lights from the Raspberry Pi utilizing WIFI settings and the IoT idea. The PIR sensor, like the IR
sensor, detects the presence of a human and turns the fans on or off accordingly. Using a mobile
device, you can learn about the most important aspects of this program. n efficient IoT (Internet
of Things) implementation for monitoring and managing household appliances through the
Internet is shown by an IoT-based monitoring and control system for home automation [1]. The
suggested system is based on the Internet of Things, which intends to create a network between
embedded and sensory devices that can store, analyze, and transmit data. The Infrared (IR) sensor
is the most cost-effective discovery unit that we can use at home. The raspberry pi receives a
signal from the sensor when it detects sound. We can turn on/off lights from the Raspberry Pi
utilizing WIFI settings and the IoT idea. The PIR sensor, like the IR sensor, detects the presence
of a human and turns the fans on or off accordingly. Using a mobile device, you can learn about
the most important aspects of this system. The automation system for the home. By using
wireless trustworthy technology to connect various modules to the server of a home automation
system, the predictable system has a lot of elasticity. As a result, the deployment cost is reduced,
and advancement flexibility is increased [1].
IoT-based home automation with Raspberry Pi [2] covers IoT and how it may be used to detect
smart home automation. This app includes a smart phone and a web page with information on
home appliances that may be turned on and off. This program uses a cloud server to control and
monitor electrical equipment in the home from anywhere. Copy the saved application to an SD
card, insert it into the Raspberry Pi, and start it up. In a real-world setting, this work will be
continued by adding relays to the Raspberry Pi board to operate household appliances from a
remote place. In addition, the authors offer a standard IoT framework that connects and manages
IoT devices using cloud computing infrastructure. The usage of smart home goods to promote
family safety, which is directly tied to fire prevention and carbon monoxide monitoring, is
expected to expand in popularity in the near future. Controls for all devices should be brought to
the same spot, which is one of the biggest disadvantages. These many tasks have been completed.
Home automation with an IoT and a Raspberry Pi is a very cost-effective way to prevent and
overcome these issues.
Internet of Things for Home Automation [3] describes an automated home automation system
that combines Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity with computer vision, online services, and
other mobile applications to create an automated home automation system. The teaching
approach emphasizes on sending and receiving data and instructions to and from the end-user
using sensors, cameras, and servo motors. In the subject of home automation, this paper discusses
an approach based on IoT software. Measuring home conditions, regulating household
appliances, and managing home entry with RFID cards are all common uses. However, the major
goal of this article is to use IoT to improve house security. Monitor and control servo door locks,
door sensors, surveillance cameras, watchdogs, and smoke alarms, for example, to assist ensure
and improve home security and safety. Although some pings higher than the network may create
occasional delays in data transmission and exchange, many home automation systems use the
Broadband connection, which results in satisfactory performance. The biggest disadvantage of
this study is that it only requires 3G connections; 3G connections are not available everywhere.
Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Smart Home Security System outlined a low-cost
smart door architecture that will notify the user of open door events in the home or business via
an Android app [4]. The goal of this work is to present a low-cost architecture for creating an
IoT-enabled home security system at home using RF-based communications. Low-power smart
home gadgets, such as smart lights and door or window sensors that communicate via RF
transceivers, are common. A breakdown of the 433 Hz RF frequency could result in significant
drawbacks. Most household gadgets communicate by RF signals, and there may be multiple RF
receivers attempting to send signals to the Raspberry Pi at any given time, or the Raspberry Pi
may pick up signals it was not intended to receive [4]. There will need to be an existing
Raspberry Pi registration system that keeps track of incoming signals and their origins if
numerous transmitters are attempting to communicate with the Raspberry Pi.
The construction of an IoT smart solar power system [5] employing one or more alternatives from
the few accessible possibilities is introduced and discussed in Smart-Home Automation using
IoT-based Sensing and Monitoring Platform. This paper explains how to monitor and automate a
solar design house in a simple and flexible way. Complete smart-home monitoring and automated
solutions based on IoT technology are included. The smart solar house is very versatile and may
be simply enlarged and employed in larger structures by adding sensor volume, measured
parameters, and control devices, according to the author[5]. More efficiency and cleverness can
be added to the present system, which uses high-performance artificial intelligence to grow,
transform, and transform itself into a house automation system. This paper differs from most
others in that it attempts to be unique by utilizing the solar system while still attempting to be
user-friendly.
Smart Home's smart Ethernet system is designed and implemented to monitor energy
consumption based on real-time tracking of devices at home [6]. IoT-based smart home design
using power and security management introduces the design and implementation of Smart
Home's smart Ethernet system to monitor energy consumption based on real-time tracking of
devices at home. Electronic equipment and switches may be remotely controlled and monitored
using android-based apps thanks to the system's real-time monitoring and voice control. An
Ethernet-based system is presented in this model, which allows customers to monitor real-time
electronic data changes and manage them with an Android smartphone, as well as monitor the
safety of their homes when they enter or burn out unwelcome [6]. It employs heat sensors and
smoke sensors to monitor fires in users' homes, as well as PIR movement sensors to detect
unwelcome presence, and an android-based mobile app to track and replace all of their electrical
gadgets in real time. The model can control gadgets with voice commands or a simple tap-to-
toggle method, making the entire system user-friendly and simple to use [6].
Domicile is a smart home automation system based on the Internet of Things. a low-cost smart
home automation system based on the Internet of Things A custom-built private home web server
is also being developed for keeping the current states of household appliances [7], and the system
is coupled to a temperature and humidity sensor to monitor room temperature and humidity. A
gas sensor is also attached to the system for house safety. If the gas sensor's predefined threshold
level is surpassed, the Arduino will send an emergency message to a web server. And only two
simple loads are used to test the prototype. The system connects both loads to two transfer
modules. So many authors offered a very simple concept of how IoT can be used to automate
homes. Many additional academics have worked on this home automation system in various
ways.
Chapter 3: Proposed Methodology

3.1 Introduction
This project tries to implement a home automation project which will be very difficult to
penetrate for any intruder. This project focuses both on controlling home appliances (i.e. fan,
lights) and surveillance system by using night vision camera, motion detectors along with some
safety alert sensors such as gas and fire sensors, when user is not home.
This particular proposed project will be controlled by World Wide Web so it can be accessed by
our user through an internet gateway (mobile, pc, laptop, tab) [1]. This project is unique due to its
dedicated power selecting capability, with three different power sources and a power selector, this
particular home automation project is hard to breach.

3.2 Proposed Framework

3.2.1 System Architecture

Details of proposed architecture:

Key difference of this project is, we tried to make this project tougher to break, it comes with
three different power sources, main grid, IPS and an alternative solar panel connected to power
up. If anyone succeeds to cut the main grid, this whole project will be able to run for a significant
amount of time by its two alternative power sources, by the time an intruder breaks in thinking
he/she disabled power, our user still gets an alert. We used different sensors such as IR sensors to
control light, PIR sensors to control fan, safety alert sensors like fire and gas sensors along with
night vision camera and motion sensors, this project aims at controlling home appliances via
Smartphone using Wi-Fi as communication protocol and raspberry pi as server system. The user
here will move directly with the system through a web-based interface. Sensors are connected to
Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi is connected through router. We can classify our used sensors in
two categories, some sensors will be directly taking commands from user, user will see initial
state from the web first. Then if user wishes to change any state, for example user is seeing that
his fan is still turned on, now if user wishes to turn it off, user will send command through web
portal. Other type of sensors will be sending alert only when its necessary. Such as fire detector,
gas detector sensors and motion detector, if fire detector detects any fire, it will send an alert to
user and then user can take necessary step. In another scenario, motion detector will send alert to
user when it detects any motion, then user can access camera from room to room to check if it’s a
false alert or not, if there is any intruder then user will act.over the web, where home appliances
like lights, fan are remotely controlled through easy website[2]. Raspberry pi will be connected to
all the sensors to control this whole project, whenever user sends a command through web.

3.2.2 Working Procedure

Flowchart:

Power Selector Flowchart –

When this project is being turned on, power selector device will check if the main grid power is
available. If main grid power is available, our project will be running by main grid line, for some
cases if the main grid power is not available, for example load shedding, or any intruder
successfully disables the main grid power line, in these cases, Power selector will immediately
switch to IPS, Through IPS, our project can run for a significant time, If IPS is not available, then
power selector device will choose solar panel to power up this project. For any reason no power
sources are available which is very unlikely, still in our proposed system, user will get a system
failure notification.
In our proposed system, we have used four sensors, Lights on/off (IR Sensors), Fan on /off (PIR
sensors), Fire/Gas sensor (PIR SENSOR), Motion Detector and lastly, we have used night vision
camera. We can classify our used sensors/devices in two categories. One set of sensors will be
accessible by user. IR, PIR sensors are those types of sensors, these will work by getting a
command from user. Other category sensors will send alert to user when its necessary, like
fire/gas sensors, motion detector.
Case 1 : When user wants to interact with the system –

IR SENSORS (Light on/off) : User will be able to see initial state from the webpage whether
light is on or off, then if user wishes to send a command, that command will be received and
executed by raspberry pi, if user sends command to turn on the light, raspberry pi will receive
that command and by using IR sensors, light will be turned on. If user sends a command to turn
off the light, in same way by using IR sensors raspberry pi will turn off the light. For every room
user can navigate and check from room to room, what is status of each room’s light. If any guest
comes then user can access from web page and turn on light. If user leaves home in a rush then
user suddenly remembers that he/she did not turn off lights may be, user can check from outside
by logging in the web portal and then check each room’s light’s status whether they are on and
off and then take appropriate action according to user’s preference.
PIR SENSORS (Fan on/off) : User will be able to see initial state from the webpage whether
fan is on or off, then if user wishes to send a command, that command will be received and
executed by raspberry pi, if user sends command to turn on the fan, raspberry pi will receive that
command and by using PIR sensors, fan will be turned on. If user sends a command to turn off
the fan, in same way by using PIR sensors raspberry pi will turn off the fan. For every room user
can navigate and check from room to room, what is status of each room’s fan. If any guest comes
then user can access from web page and turn on fan. If user leaves home in a rush then user
suddenly remembers that he/she did not turn off fan may be, user can check from outside by
logging in the web portal and then check each room’s fan’s status whether they are on and off
and then take appropriate action according to user’s preference.

NIGHT VISION CAMERA: Night vision camera will be connected to Raspberry Pi. In idle
mood it will be recording everything. Which will be maintained by the user whether user wants
to keep the data or delete from time to time, but when user wants to see live feed from camera,
user will be able to send command from webpage to access live feed, camera footage will send
its live feed to raspberry pi and through router, raspberry pi will send live footage to user. User
can access live feed on web page easily when user wants. Night vision camera will come in
handy with motion detectors. It will serve total 3 purpose. It will be recording so if a incident
happens user can check recorded footage to obtain required information from camera. Second
night vision camera works well with motion detector, if motion detector sends an alert to user,
user will log in the portal and send command for live feed of camera, then user will check every
camera to determine the threat level, it can be an intruder or it can be a false alert caused by
rodent or non-threatening something. After checking the night vision camera if its an intruder
then user can contact police if its not an intruder user will try to determine what caused this false
alert. Then user may take actions to prevent this type of false alert. For example, false alert came
from rodent then user will get rid of rodents. If false alert came from wind then user will make
sure to seal door or window so that wind does not occur that anymore. Third usage of night
vision camera is related to users. If user want to check his home from time to time, user can
access live feed from web portal and then check every room. Night vision camera works in dark
condition too so user gets usable footage all the time.

Case 2 : When system detects unusual activities and sends an alert to

user –
FIRE AND GAS SENSORS: These sensors will be using passive IR, initially a temperature
will be set for these sensors, for example initial temperature will be 20 degree Celsius, now if
any massive changes occur, then it will send a fire /gas hazard alert to raspberry pi, through
raspberry pi user will get a fire alert immediately. After getting alert on time, necessary steps can
be taken by user. Otherwise, this sensor will show a normal temperature. For example, if fire
hazard happens, the temperature will change in a massive amount, from 20 degree it will be 80
degree or 100 degree Celsius, then fire alert will be sent to user.

MOTION DETECTOR: Motion detector sends an intruder alert to user through raspberry pi if
it detects any motion. After getting the alert user can check live feed from camera to check if his
home is okay or not, if it is an intruder then user can take necessary steps but if its from any
rodent or other non-threaten object, then user can ignore or take steps to stop getting false alerts.
If no motion is detected, motion detector will be in idle mode.
Chapter 4: Analysis

4.1 Evaluation of Proposed Work

Any system to be perfect should fulfill some characteristics such as security, maintainability,
performance, user-friendliness, and so on. Our proposed system also fulfilled those
characteristics. They are discussed below:
Security: The smart home has a security system that is integrated with the rest of the house
controls. When the motion detector detects an intruder, It sends a notification to the homeowner's
phone. Also, It has fire and gas sensors for security. The home automation system has three
power sources, so it can monitor all the time.
Performance: Automating home grants the ability to perform tasks simultaneously with power
sources, without thinking. Smart light bulbs save energy but only operate when you want them to.
It can work all the time if electricity did not work it work on IPS If IPS did not work on the Solar
system.
Sensing requirement: The home automation system must evaluate the user's sensing needs and
select the appropriate sensor to complete the operation. PIR and IR sensors are used to turn on
and off lights and fans. Gas leaks can be detected using gas sensors. Any fire in the house can be
detected using fire sensors. The processor uses the information provided by these sensors (after
signal conditioning) to make numerous crucial decisions about the appliances.
User friendliness: In our proposed idea, the characteristics of user-friendliness are fulfilled
perfectly. Users can operate the system through phone, laptop, tab from anywhere. Just need a
WIFI connection or mobile data. Now A days every person has a smart phone and WIFI is
available. Maximum offices, shopping malls, restaurants have WIFI services. So, it is easy to
connect the device with the system. Finally, it can be said that the system is very much user-
friendly.
Maintainability: The whole system is well connected. The data is stored via raspberry pi. The
device also connects to the internet via Wi-Fi. So, it's easily maintained by its user. This system
fulfills maintainability.
Cost: This is the most essential part of system design because the cost is determined by the
complexity of the system and the level of automation. Customers may be repelled from acquiring
and installing a system that is excessively sophisticated and thus pricey. The amount of
components and the interface utilized have a direct relationship with the system's cost. Our
system focuses on the cost of the component so that it can be used by everybody.
4.2 Characteristics Of devices being used
For implementing this proposed project some device will be appropriate. The
characteristics of those devices is given below:

• The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B is ideal for office

applications and web browsing, and it comes
equipped with a WiFi chip and Bluetooth. Low
energy consumption
• It is geared toward the Internet of Things (IoT)
and home automation, saving space and freeing up
more USB ports for connecting other devices.

Figure 1: Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

Table 1: Characteristics of the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

• The Automatic Power Selector is a solid-state

Figure 1: Automatic Power Selector
Figure3:APS structure
device that allows you to install a power system
for critical electronic loads.
• It chooses the higher voltage between two
isolated DC power sources.
• Following that, power is routed to the load.
• If one source fails or falters, the other will supply
the load automatically and without transfer delay.
• Its operation is ongoing. Simple to assemble. It's
a tough anodized aluminum case that's rust-proof.
• It offers redundant alternating current (AC)
power.
• isolate the sources (6–50 VDC input, negative
ground).
• Maximum load of 70 amps

Table 2: Characteristics of the Automatic Power Selector

 • The operating voltage of IR sensor is
5VDC
• Its I/O pins – 3.3V & 5V
• The range is up to 20 centimeters
Figure 4: IR Sensor • The supply current is 20mA
• Its range of sensing is adjustable
• It has fixed ambient light sensor

Table 3: Characteristics of the IR Sensor

• it can measure maximum distance 3 m to 6

m (3m by default) with maximum 120-
degree angle.

Figure 5: PIR sensor

Table 4: Characteristics of the PIR sensor

• 90° adjustment/360° rotation audio mini

hidden camera, HD, built-in rechargeable
battery, real 1080P HD video.
• Built-in loop recording, the inverted image
function will always keep recording
continuously, automatically overwrite the
old file, and record the new file without
worrying about the card being full.

Figure 6: Night Vision Camera

Table 5: Characteristics of the Night Vision Camera

 • IPS is the ideal solution for facilities that require
continuous power supply in the event of a power
outage. The system has a number of distinct
features.
• Completely automatic.
• No fuel or lubricant is required for maintenance.
• Quiet and pollution-free.
• Continuous power for two hours at full load. •
Overload and under-voltage protection-built in. •
Overcharge and Battery Low Volt Disconnect
Facility built in.
Figure 7: IPS

Table 6: Characteristics of the IPS

• Motion detectors are motion-sensitive devices

that can detect physical movement in an area and
alert the user or perform a specific task.
• These devices use a variety of technologies such
as microwaves and ultrasonic waves.

Figure 8: Motion Detector

Table 7: Characteristics of the Motion detector

4.3 Comparison with Similar works

IoT-based home automation system's main focus is a security system, cost-effective. In the other
papers when they focus on cost-effectiveness their system is not secure enough to use and when
they focus on security their system is very expensive. Our paper focuses on both of the things so
people can use. Most of the paper has a Wi-Fi connection but no paper discusses when electricity
is gone how the home automation system will work. If electricity is gone no one can monitor the
system. That’s why Our paper proposed a system that has three power sources Main grid, IPS,
and an alternative solar panel connected to power up the security system. If electricity is gone our
system will work on IPS, if IPS has gone solar panels will work. We have also a night vision
camera so that we can see in the night camera who is trying to enter the house. IoT-based
monitoring and control system for home automation [1] using Raspberry Pi in this paper main
focus has cost-effective. They tried to make it cost-effective but did not have the security enough
that our paper has. IoT-based home automation using Raspberry Pi [2] Also have same they tried
to make cost-effective, but every device has to be the same location and their system did not try
to focus system has to be more secure. Internet of Things for Home Automation [3] is a Very
perfect home automation system it has more secure they tried to make the system very easy to
use, and the main focus is home security. But it is really expensive and every time the network
has to work, it didn’t make an alternative solution. Smart-Home Automation using IoT-based
Sensing and Monitoring has tried to make different they have a solar connection. Every house has
now an IPS connection also many people have now solar connections especially in new buildings
so we tried to propose a system that can monitor 24 hours. Also, The Motion Detector has motion
detection that we used in our paper for security. Any intruder tried to in the house motion detector
will work and it sends an alert warning. Also, our paper has fire and gas sensors it also alerts
warnings. Our paper tried to make it cost-effective it also makes a system that has more security.

4.4 Challenges
This is a proposed system. While implementing this proposed system we might find some
challenges. First of all, we have focused a lot on the power segment and sensors but with ensuring
this, this is also a costly system to build. We may find another cheap alternative to implement this
project, so that it can be cost effective. Secondly, there is no system which is 100% hack proof.
Our entire system is controlled by raspberry pi and raspberry pi depends on router for internet
connectivity, while building this system we will need to ensure a secured network system, so that
it will be hard to hack or manipulate by any intruder.
Smart home automation is a modern technology that allows to control or monitor home
appliances such as lights, fans, and gas from afar. In today's world, smart home automation
system has become highly popular, particularly in urban areas. For the average person, smart
home automation systems are complicated. It necessitates training for those who are unfamiliar
with smart home technology. Power supply is another important issue with smart home
automation systems. The entire operation will fail if the system fails to give power to the IPS. So,
power supply is the big issue for the entire system to work properly.
Chapter 5: Conclusion

5.1 Future Work

This publication paved the way for more research in this field in the future. We feel that this
research is crucial and will aid researchers in the development of IoT security. The system in use
may be deployed on a wide scale, such as in buildings, workplaces, and schools. By conducting
more research, an engineer can develop a voice recognition system that can be utilized to improve
the modules that have already been deployed.

5.2 Conclusion
This system is appropriate for continuous home monitoring, controlling home appliances (i.e.,
fans, lights), and surveillance systems by using night vision cameras, motion detectors, and some
safety alert sensors such as gas and fire sensors when a user is not at home, as well as providing
security to the home using IoT, according to this research paper. The night vision camera with
three types of the power system will ensure 24 hours monitoring and provide security. The
technology uses the internet to regulate home appliances. Some devices will be used in this
project such as an IR sensor, PIR sensor, and Raspberry pi as a mainboard, motion detector, and
night vision camera. The proposed technology could be one of the most effective alternatives to
the old ways of home automation. In addition, the system sends an alarm message via an
application automatically. The messages provide the user the option to take additional actions.
With the use of the internet, you may monitor characteristics like humidity, temperature, light
intensity, gas, fire, and movements from anywhere.
Chapter 6: Reference

[1] Phaklen Ehkan, Nui Din Keraf, Virakwan Hai Kelian, Fazrul Faiz Zakaria."A Proposal of
Low-Cost Home Automation System Using IoT and Voice Recognition" IOP Conf. Series:
Materials Science and Engineering 767 (2020).
[2] Pavithra, D., and Ranjith Balakrishnan. "IoT based monitoring and control system for home
automation." In 2015 global conference on communication technologies (GCCT), pp. 169-173.
IEEE, 2015.
[3] Nerella Ome, Someswara Rao Gaddala." Internet of Things (IoT) Based Smart Home
Automation and Scrutiny System" International Journal for Research in Engineering Application
& Management (IJREAM) ISSN: 2454-9150 Vol-06, Issue-01, Apr 2020.
[4] Venkatesh, K., Rajkumar, P., Hemaswathi, S., & Rajalingam, B. (2018).” IoT based home
automation using raspberry Pi. Journal of adv research in dynamical & control systems”, 10(7),
1721-1728.
[5] Mubarak, Mohamed. (2016).” Internet of Things for Home Automation”. 10.131
HRG.2.2.15237.35046.
[6] Hoque, M.A. and Davidson, C., 2019. “Design and implementation of an IoT-based smart
home security system”. International Journal of Networked and Distributed Computing, 7(2),
pp.85-92.
[7] Al-Kuwari, M., Ramadan, A., Ismael, Y., Al-Sughair, L., Gastli, A. and Benammar, M., 2018,
April. “Smart-home automation using IoT-based sensing and monitoring platform”. In 2018 IEEE
12th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-
POWERENG 2018) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[8] Vishwakarma, S.K., Upadhyaya, P., Kumari, B. and Mishra, A.K., 2019, April.” Smart energy
efficient home automation system using iot”. In 2019 4th international conference on internet of
things: Smart innovation and usages (IoT-SIU) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
[9] Gupta, P. and Chhabra, J., 2016, February. “IoT based Smart Home design using power and
security management”. In 2016 International Conference on Innovation and Challenges in Cyber
Security (ICICCS-INBUSH) (pp. 6-10). IEEE.
[10] Mahamud, M.S., Zishan, M.S.R., Ahmad, S.I., Rahman, A.R., Hasan, M. and Rahman, M.L.,
2019, January. “Domicile-an IoT based smart home automation system”. In 2019 International
Conference on Robotics, Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST) (pp. 493-497).
IEEE.
[11] Hidayat S and Firmanda S F (2015).” “Scheduler and voice recognition on home automation
control system”. 3rd IEEE Int. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology, p 150–
155.
[12] Vikram N, Harish K S, Nihaal M S, Umesh R, Shetty A and Kumar A (2017).” A Low-Cost
Home Automation System Using Wi-Fi Based Wireless Sensor Network Incorporating Internet of
Things (IoT)”. IEEE 7th Int. Advance Computing Conf. (IACC), p 174–178.
[13] Sadi Mahmud, Safayet Ahmed, Kawshik Shikder” A Smart Home Automation and Metering
System Using Internet of Things (IoT)." 2019 International Conference on Robotics, Electrical,
and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST).
[14] Kalyani Pampattiwar, Mit Lakhani, Rinisha Marar, And Rhea Menon." Home Automation
Using Raspberry Pi Controlled Via an Android Application" International Journal of Current
Engineering and Technology, Vol.7, No.3 (June 2017).
[15] Al-Ali, Abdul-Rahman, and Mohammad Al-Rousan. "Java-based home automation system."
Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on 50.2 (2004): 498-504.
[16] Moreno, M., et al. "A holistic IoT-based management platform for smart environments."
Communications (ICC), 2014 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2014.