Group 1

AGRARIAN
REFORM
 DEFINITION
Agrarian reform in the Philippines refers to a series of government
policies and programs aimed at addressing issues related to land
ownership, rural development, and social justice. It has been a
significant focus of Philippine governance for decades, with the
primary goal of redistributing agricultural land from large
landowners to landless farmers and promoting equitable access to
resources. Agrarian reform initiatives such as the Comprehensive
Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) and its extension (CARPER) have
sought to improve the lives of rural communities, reduce poverty,
and stimulate agricultural productivity.
 LAND DISTRIBUTION
PURPOSE OF
POVERTY
AGRARIAN REFORM ALLEVIATION
The purpose of agrarian reform in the Philippines is multifaceted
and has evolved over time. Agrarian reform refers to government SOCIAL JUSTICE
policies and programs aimed at redistributing agricultural land
from large landowners to landless farmers and promoting rural
development
RURAL
DEVELOPEMENT

AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTIVITY

SOCIAL STABILITY
 HISTORY OF AGRARIAN REFORM
COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
1 3
(1935-1946)
During the Commonwealth era, the Philippines saw
some initial efforts to address land reform issues. The
1935 Constitution included provisions for land reform,
but progress was limited due to various constraints,
including World War II.
FIRST LAND REFORM LAW
2 4
(1950)
The Agricultural Land Reform Code of 1950, also
known as Republic Act No. 1400, was the first
comprehensive land reform law in the Philippines. It
aimed to provide a framework for land redistribution
but had limited success due to loopholes and
implementation challenges.
MARCOS ERA (1965-1986)
President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law in
1972 and implemented the Presidential Decree No. 27
(PD 27) in 1972. PD 27 sought to distribute rice and
corn lands to small farmers, particularly tenants.
However, the scope of land distribution remained
limited.
COMPREHENSIVE AGRARIAN
REFORM PROGRAM (CARP) (1988)
CARP was established under Republic Act No. 6657
during the presidency of Corazon Aquino. CARP aimed
to redistribute agricultural lands, including rice and
corn lands, to landless farmers and agricultural
workers. It also provided for support services and
assistance to beneficiaries.
 HISTORY OF AGRARIAN REFORM
CARP EXTENSION WITH
5 6
REFORMS (CARPER) (2009)
CARPER, enacted under Republic Act No. 9700,
extended the implementation of CARP and
introduced several reforms. It addressed issues such as
land acquisition and distribution, the inclusion of
agricultural lands not covered under CARP, and
measures to improve the program's effectiveness.
STOCK DISTRIBUTION OPTION
(SDO) ABOLISHED (2009)
CARPER abolished the SDO as an option for
complying with agrarian reform requirements,
ensuring that land would be distributed to
beneficiaries rather than through stock ownership
schemes.
 AGRARIAN REFORM BENEFICIARIES

Beneficiaries of the Comprehensive

Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) in the
Philippines are referred to as Agrarian
01 LANDLESS FARMERS AND FARMWORKERS

Reform Beneficiaries (ARBs). These

individuals or groups are the intended
02 TENANTS AND LEASEHOLDERS

recipients of land distributed under the

CARP. The program aims to provide
03 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
landless farmers and farmworkers with
agricultural land to own and cultivate, 04 COOPERATIVES AND ASSOCIATIONS

05
with the goal of improving their
RESETTLEMENT BENEFICIARIES
economic well-being and reducing land
inequality.
 POLICIES OF AGRARIAN REFORM
COMPREHENSIVE CARP EXTENSION WITH VOLUNTARY LAND
VOLUNTARY
AGRARIAN REFORM REFORMS TRANSFER
LAND TRANSFER
PROGRAM LoremCARP,
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landowners were encouraged
It addressed issues such as land toconsectetur adipiscing
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their land for distribution
to distribute agricultural land to acquisition and distribution, support to qualified beneficiaries. The government
landless farmers and promote rural services, and the inclusion of agricultural provided incentives to landowners who
development. lands not covered under CARP. willingly participated in the program.

LAND BANK OF THE AGRARIAN REFORM INDIGENOUS PEOPLES'

PHILIPPINES
The Land Bank of the Philippines was
established to facilitate the acquisition and
distribution of agricultural land, as well as
to provide financial services and credit to
agrarian reform beneficiaries.
COMMUNITIES
Established as integrated rural development
areas where agrarian reform beneficiaries
received not only land but also support services
like infrastructure, credit, and agricultural
training to help them become self-reliant.
RIGHTS
Special provisions and safeguards have
been put in place to protect the rights of
indigenous peoples in agrarian reform
areas, recognizing their customary land
tenure systems.
 ISSUES OF AGRARIAN REFORM
SLOW PROGRESS
One of the most significant issues with
CARP has been its slow progress in
distributing land to eligible
beneficiaries.
LAND QUALITY AND
PRODUCTIVITY
Some of the land distributed to
beneficiaries has been of poor quality or
unsuitable for agriculture, limiting the
potential for increased productivity and
income for the beneficiaries.
LANDOWNER
RESISTANCE
Some landowners have resisted the
land reform process, leading to conflicts
and legal disputes.
LACK OF SUPPORT
SERVICES
Many agrarian reform beneficiaries (ARBs) lack
access to support services such as credit,
technical assistance, and infrastructure. This has
hindered their ability to make the most of the
land they receive.
LAND CONVERSION
VOLUNTARY
AND EXEMPTIONS
LAND TRANSFER
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There have been allegations of landowners
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converting agricultural land into other uses
to avoid land distribution.
POLITICAL INFLUENCE
The implementation of CARP has
sometimes been influenced by political
considerations, leading to uneven
enforcement and questionable land
distribution practices.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1400
An Act Defining A Land Tenure Policy, Providing For An
Instrumentality To Carry Out The Policy, And

RELATED LAWS Appropriating Funds For Its Implementation

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8532

An Act Strengthening Further The Comprehensive
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 34
Agrarian Reform Program (Carp), By Providing
An Act amending Certain Sections of Act Numbered
Augmentation Fund Therefor, Amending For The
Four Thousand Fifty-Four, As Amended, Otherwise
Purpose Section 63 Of Republic Act No. 6657, Otherwise
Known as "The Philippine Rice Share Tenancy Act"
Known As "The Carp Law Of 1988"

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1199

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9700
An Act to Govern the Relations Between Landholders
An Act Strengthening The Comprehensive Agrarian
and Tenants of Agricultural Lands (Leaseholds and
Reform Program (Carp), Extending The Acquisition And
Share Tenancy)
Distribution Of All Agricultural Lands, Instituting
Necessary Reforms, Amending For The Purpose Certain
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1266
Provisions Of Republic Act No. 6657, Otherwise, Known
An Act Authorizing the National Resettlement And
As The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law Of 1988, As
Rehabilitation Administration (Narra) To Expropriate The
Amended, And Appropriating Funds Therefor
Hacienda Del Rosario, Situated At Valdefuente,
Cabanatuan City, And Subdivide Said Hacienda Into
Lots To Be Sold To Bona Fide Occupants Thereof
Group 1

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