Cell timeline –

The cell theory, or cell doctrine, states that all organisms are composed of similar units of
organization, called cells. The concept was formally articulated in 1839 by Schleiden &
Schwann and has remained as the foundation of modern biology. The idea predates other
great paradigms of biology including Darwin’s theory of evolution (1859), Mendel’s laws of
inheritance (1865), and the establishment of comparative biochemistry (1940).
Timeline
1595 – Jansen credited with 1st compound microscope
1655 – Hooke described ‘cells’ in cork.
1674 – Leeuwenhoek discovered protozoa. He saw bacteria some 9 years later.
1833 – Brown descibed the cell nucleus in cells of the orchid.
1838 – Schleiden and Schwann proposed cell theory.
1840 – Albrecht von Roelliker realized that sperm cells and egg cells are also cells.
1856 – N. Pringsheim observed how a sperm cell penetrated an egg cell.
1858 – Rudolf Virchow (physician, pathologist and anthropologist) expounds his famous
conclusion: omnis cellula e cellula, that is cells develop only from existing cells [cells come
from preexisting cells]
1857 – Kolliker described mitochondria.
1879 – Flemming described chromosome behavior during mitosis.
1883 – Germ cells are haploid, chromosome theory of heredity.
1898 – Golgi described the golgi apparatus.
1938 – Behrens used differential centrifugation to separate nuclei from cytoplasm.
1939 – Siemens produced the first commercial transmission electron microscope.
1952 – Gey and coworkers established a continuous human cell line.
1955 – Eagle systematically defined the nutritional needs of animal cells in culture.
1957 – Meselson, Stahl and Vinograd developed density gradient centrifugation in cesium
chloride solutions for separating nucleic acids.
1965 – Ham introduced a defined serum-free medium. Cambridge Instruments produced the
first commercial scanning electron microscope.
1976 – Sato and colleagues publish papers showing that different cell lines require different
mixtures of hormones and growth factors in serum-free media.
1981 – Transgenic mice and fruit flies are produced. Mouse embryonic stem cell line
established.
1995 – Tsien identifies mutant of GFP with enhanced spectral properties
1998 – Mice are cloned from somatic cells.
1999 – Hamilton and Baulcombe discover siRNA as part of post-transcriptional gene silencing
(PTGS) in plants

Reference : https://bitesizebio.com/166/history-of-cell-biology/
Cytologist –

Rober Hooke – Father of Cytology

William Harvey - an English physician who made influential contributions in

anatomy and physiology.

Theodor Schwann - a German physician and physiologist. His most significant

contribution to biology is considered to be the extension of cell theory to animals.

Linda Brown Buck - an American biologist best known for her work on the
olfactory system. She was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with
Richard Axel, for their work on olfactory receptors. She is currently on the faculty of the Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle.
 Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow - a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist,
prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician. He is known as "the father of modern
pathology" and as the founder of social medicine, and to his colleagues, the "Pope of
medicine".

Matthias Jakob Schleiden - a German botanist and co-founder of cell theory,

along with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow. He published some poems and non-scientific
work under the pseudonym Erns

Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek FRS - a Dutch microbiologist and

microscopist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology. A largely self-taught man in
science, he is commonly known as "the Father of Microbiology", and one of the first
microscopists and microbiologists.

Dorothea Minola Alice Bate FGS, also known as Dorothy Bate - a Welsh
palaeontologist and pioneer of archaeozoology. Her life's work was to find fossils of recently
extinct mammals with a view to understanding how and why giant and dwarf forms evolved.
 Paul Ehrlich - a Nobel Prize-winning German physician and scientist who
worked in the fields of hematology, immunology, and antimicrobial chemotherapy. Among his
foremost achievements were finding a cure for syphilis in 1909 and inventing the precursor
technique to Gram staining bacteria.

Robert Brown FRSE FRS FLS MWS - a Scottish botanist and paleobotanist who
made important contributions to botany largely through his pioneering use of the microscope.