f^ of TwO

laxima 4 Mioima sf a
vaiables
andpendun

Oef APunchor
a
Vaucbles is said to have maximum Ar * ,

vallw s
Y-b Fca,b ) i s grala h a n the
^ ftr evuy othe paùr ot valuly y
smal nighbonrnwid off a , b ie

fca,b) f c a h , btk)
Fvs al s u h i n t emau in JJpendnt vaduey
ofb an d k.

APR z FCz Y) is seid -o a ve

mnmurn at a, b fca,b) is lSJ
than h e v a u of H f Ar e y oH
pair ot vaus oF y in a sm als ighbmhep
6 a b ie
Pca,b) < fC a +b, btk)
f r a u s u i e e n t smau indp valuus oF b 4 k.

Nott) A minimum cr a rmaxim um value d a

F is calld i exreme vane.

to be e t a i omay a
2) A P^ FCx,Y) is Cai d
Ca,b) cr fca ,b) is said +o be stakom azy

f b) o, yC b) =d
Ths e y exreme vaue }s a stabumoy

v a l u but co n ay be +nuL

) a d d l pont - ThL pt a t wich f^ hao n i Hu

maxim um Y mi0)mur
 r u e of Jtemining he maxima4
F orking
e a u a i HAm o zerd.
find dF/>x , lay
SimuUtane_OUD e a w fs * and y
Sodve heoe
be HA pair o Valuw
a,bI a2b
Sp 2 Cal c ati + Valu 6f
t df
2 2
an d SubHitti iv Hum b twn a , b 2b2 -
1f t -s2 >o 4 r < o c t ca,,b.).
&RP3
axirmum a t ( b,) 4
fox y) is a

Fca b,) is a m e x i m u m V a l U
) 1f t -s2 >o and >o at a , ,b,). fcay )
)urn atCa,b.) 4 FCa b ) is
S o r

minimu vall
o a C a , , b i ) . f c x Y ) is n i h U
1u)1f r t -2
minm um at (a1,b). i + C a b ,\
valuA, Suh a p+ is caulld
S ndt a ex r m e
SaddA Pt

-s*=o t (a, ,b),hee caAe is

Iv) t
Contwim can be drado
wnd ei dedCie no

naxi m um mio) mum Volu

abdt a c

Exarmple
D eetrnine
hao a maximum c rmiomun
+y 3 a n
Sod H f( ) -
3y3-3ary
32 3 oy O

of 3 y - 3a = o 2
 Pso m y |a S t i n 2)
= O
a 2

- a3 ) O

x -a ) a 2 +a a a t )

T h e fOis ctahmary a o , o) and (G )

SHP 2 6 =
-

3 a

t -s2 (0) (o) - ( - 3 ) 2

kp3 A O,o)
t -s -9a2<0
H
& nu u at Pt 0 O,O )
F P x , y) is n i h a maxi m u r
noi m m cundiE is a sadd pt

At Ca, a, t - s * = C 6 a ) C6a) --(-3 a)2

2+ a2 >0.
Ga7O a>d 4 <d a <a<D
e n u at he pt Ca, a) F f y ) b as
n)mun
6 a d
maximum a is ah (iev<o ) aod
m o mumn Cie >o)

(2 nd al h e sahmay p of the F
3 4 y2 - 5 iS92 + 72 * Ex amnc
whehu h F"" is raximum or mini muD
Pott
 fx )== a 3y2 -

15*- 1sy2 4+72 x

Shp 1 2 + 3 y -3 0 2 =O

6 Y -30Y -C2

fom ean 2D

6 - 30) Y = O =d Ur * 5

5++3y 2 IS o t 2 = O.

2 3 =o
Pts CU CS,I), C5,-1)

whn 32 30a+72 = O

a - 4a + 2 4 O

x (z-6) -
4 ( - 6) - o (a-4 )a-6)=o
x-, 6

+ahcn aty P t a O), C6,o

T h u CS,1),C5,), (4o), C6, o)
au the

S+a may PU

- 3
2
G 3 0.

shP3 i)A+ C5, ) ( S , -1)

7t
t-
- 2
= (30-30) 2 -

6 (t )* = - 3 6 <D

unuA 5, ) ¢ ( 5 , -"),f is hi H
mnimum
m axi rmum oT
h)A (4,o), t -s -
(-6)(-6) -o = 3 6 >o
4 - -
6 <ob
a 4O) FR maximum 4 fmax 112

) A (6.o), t - s * = (6) ( 6) - o 3 4

& -6>o Hen e at 6 d) F

m o mumn
tmin o8
isCuss h r a x i m a m mioima a
2 +2+ 6 x +12
fCay). 2+y+ 6r + 12
Sp 1 f 2 + 6 0 -3

21-O 9 =o
C-3O) is t h sha on aty Pt

shp2 2 af

t 24 2

At(-3,o) t -

s2 =
(2)(2) -
o2 =

& = 2 20
f hay minimum v a l a C-3 O )

min
Fmin (-3) +o2 + 6(-3) +12

min 3

i s uus maxima i minima &

2+y24 2
 ie
P 1 oO a-l - o
2 -

- 2
2 O

P+ Ts CTT)
S+ab omar
2hp 2 2
2 2

t F 2 +

AE T) t - s ( 2 +G) 2 +4)-o
E-s 2 36 >O 6 >o
valL a C, I )
a s mio mum
+21 6
+min CI)+u)2 + 2l

isus e max1ma mioima d

3 2 ( I- a - 4H

f-Cay ay 2
(- -9) - 3 2 - y2_L233

ChP 3 xy2 -

4a3y2 - 3 y3 - 0

y(3 - 4 - 31) 0 -O

2a3 2 y -33y2 2o

3 2 -
2 -3 ) o 2
m O
2e o SR 3-4 - 3 -o c 4a + 3 - 3
om
a3 O 2 2 - 3Y=0 ie2 +3 2
4aty 3
2 3y 2
2 '/2
 31 2 in 2 2-3y =o west|9=3
Shahmay Pt au (0, 0), ( V2, 3 )
3
Shp 2 6 y -12 ay2 -6 y
2

6 83- Jay2

t aF 232 - 6 x3

At (2, /3) , r=-/s, s --/12t -1/3

At (O,o) r0, 0 t-

Shp3 At/2, /3) t - s = ella)(='/8) -(-/n)

t-s +I + L
44

max mum aluu a (V2/3)

tmax
43 2
A O O) S

HO conibm of maxi a ¢ nioima is hoF

sahsBa. Henu he case i u n d e u d e

A n d the ex reme values dF a - -*-9)

PCy) a -7-9) y -y-
a-2 -y 0
2 - d

fro m CO Y a -2x - 4 =O
a-2X -9 0 ic 2 +Y
yO,
-* - 2 O
=
a -
 a 2m - 9 = O :Y2a

fro m - 2
t2 a -
2 - (2
+2y 2a
+2
n a aa131. y - 13
a h m a y Pt au co,o), Ca,o), ( O,a), a/3,aj3)
S+ep 2 a 2 - 2

= - 2x

2
P3 A + CO,o), t - s2 - - a2 O

fco,o) is not an ex hrerme v a l O fca,y)

n
i) At Ca,o), t - ¢ 2 (o) (-2a) - (-a) < o

fCa,o) is et an ex reme vauae o+ F¢ay)

i)AE (0, a) t - s 2 (-2 a)Co) (-a) 2 < O -

fCO, a) is nd e x kreme v a l u l offLa,S)

iv At Ca3, 13) r t -s2 (-2a13) (-2a13) (a-24 -24

-2a13
HLn FCI3, 13) is an ex reme valui 4 i
be m axi m um s mioi mum auor dng for s
negahve r poshv [ i c a is pmbre r negalie

T ex reme valu fal3, 13) =

as|27.
+ Lagrange' M eHo d o Und a e r m i

rmulbpliees
We ue tis methd o fiod e ab mOy
ValueS or ex rume vaues o f a f^ of seNaral
v a i ably. hes e vaxi a b l u ot au
dpndunt) o ch anA conn eled by som
gIven r e asmu

MeHtno
TYPe 4L TO od s +oinay valuus -
fca, Y
,z) unda h e eDnds Km ( , Z)»0
Un d N Cwni hn
T) = o --2
Conshut + e f
utA¢
hu is a nDn us Consoht Osch h iss
Calld ogrange's nd umnd rmwplia
urmn ea,
- (
P 0 -4 f 20 -
ShPT e eLmioale T an d awnq
eqn +o a n d Oe ge ++he eaO in
+ums of u. Th Uot af a t e a give gIVe
talimay value

Exomples
DUs e agrang e' mHod +o fiod he
min mun Ustanu
Plan e +2y + z I 2
( P 97) be any pt n
eplanC
 dcOPD 1=x2 +y24z2
Op) 2yz? 2+924z 2

3 + 2 4 +2 - 1 2 =o

Cons et
a+ 24 4 Z -

12)
F- 22+y2 tz2 + 3

2 +3A o

4 2 =O i y t A =o

27 + A 0

o S5
te elminale xY,z 4A UUDing
S hp2
fom ea^ , 4
2 7 = k. X 3 k
2 =
2 2
3
(2 +2k + 2 O
2
gK +4 k +k - 24 0 i4k 24

dOP)
) 5D4

(2 O i n d e 24 LHO h e pat suh hal

he CDotnuLd Proe a t of h e r t , sauai

s f the 2° Cube a- h e hird may be

 Sat inelNe 24 nto h r u pa C

fay T) = ayz3
Un du he condbon d = t y tt z -24 = o --()
Constut He f^ F
yz3 + a yt z -2 4 )
FE
Ftrm h e ea "
y2 z + A 0
A -y z?
2 yz +X - o

-2y z
3yz + o - -(
A=-3ytz 2

Shp
yy2z3 2 z 3 2z2
din ioq by .
ay 2z3
3 k s ay
Z
Y 2 z - 3

S31 n (2

+ +3 2 4 24 k
T I 2
nde 24 nto thre pai .43,2.
(3 fiod h e pointu mhe sutau z y +)
ncaus t to he Onmgin, by Uung agrange's Metod
S Shp i u P Y t) be P o t cm
h
2 = N+||
euutau
 ACOP)] = 2y2+z2
OP) Va2y2+z2 2
u f o y , T) 2ty 2 fz

2 O 2
hecond

Constmut
a2+y2+z
2
+A (z y
-

1)
Tsm e eg
O 2

29 29

2z+2z 0 --

SpT Put -- in ea ( d W
2 -Y 0

29 =O

+in w r z -t|
a neast pt m h
O,0,t)
-au from HL mgin

R o d h e maxirmur v a u L oF u= y3z
suh Ha 2 +3y+4z- a.
Sst
u a 2 y 3z - - O

Undu h e Cond
- 2
Connut F
F 2y3z4 + a ( 2 a + 3y +u t - a)
furm t ea

- -3
3yz +3A -0 A =
 3 z= y2z 243
dinding by
L

a*
n 2(L)+3(+)+() a

Maximum va of u -
yz

( ( ) 4)a

1F u
, whu t y t
a3
h e n pove Hha he e Fadhomaty v a L UF u
gven b - a Y b3 c3
a3 3+c3 a3+btc
SoT SHp L- y2
3
Uncl t e Comd +y+ Z - =o
Conshmet (
 F 2 4y2 +A 4y + -1)
a3 3

f m he ea ^.

b3
2F A=o -
S hP 2 We esminatu ay,zå uoiog OoS
From ( and S

a 3 3

q k
b S k , z =c3k

a3 +b + -
k aS +b+e) =I k
a b 3 +c3
b3
a 3 b 3 +C3