3.

Methodology of Research

3.1. Study Area and Target Population

The study will be conducted in Oromiya region, Kellem Wollega Zone, Gidam

Worada from Garjeda forest particular reference to laloo Garee kebele

Garjeda forest is one of the forest which have been affected by land use land

cover change ,especial forest land has been changed to another land use from

time to time because different factors. This land use land changes has its own

impacts on the local and regional environment in general and societies of the

area in particular. The target population of the study will be 367 households

(HHs) who resides adjacent to Garjeda forest and other concerning bodies will

be included as study population.

3.2 Sampling Techniques and sampling size

The study is cover 1 kebeles in kellem wollega zone Gidam Worada the research

performers by using Purposive sampling methods ; Because of 6 Worada, 47 kebeles and

more than 20,000 house hold in the study area it is difficult to administer and distribute

questionnaire and conduct interview to all of them. Thus, the researcher will use 1 Worada

purposively selected three kebele and each kebeles as zones and selecting households those who

live in and adjacent to the forest area.

The study area is selected purposively. purposive selection of the area is due to the fact that no

studies have been conducted in this area on this topic. The researcher also selects this topic

because of the severity of the problem in this study area. The respondents is must be selected

random stratified sampling because they are based on land holding size, landless ,
from land holder how many of framer certified their right holder and means of

acquision of land are the primary data type while different research paper, journals,

books, magazine, etc , are the major secondary sources of data that I used for my study.

In addition to this, I will use ERDAS2010 and Arc GIS 10.1 of GIS software and landsat

image of 1995,2004 and 2014 that means 29 years of land use /land cover changes

difference for my analysis and map preparation

3.3. Source of Data

In order to get reliable and valid data the researcher will use both primary and

secondary data. The primary data will be collect by researcher prepare

questionnaire, interview and focus group discussion, and Hand Held GPS coordinate

using ground survey of the study area with selected households, and government

office such as forest agency, rural land and protection office as well as

development extension agent those who are specialized in forestry and aged

peoples' lives in this study area for long period of time. The secondary data will

be gathered from published as well as unpublished, Land sat Satellite images of

the study area, shape file of the study area, documents, reports, books, journals,

newspapers and other electronic media (internet)

3.4 Methods of data collection

Methods of data collection are one of the basic parts of any research work. For this
study we will first prepare the image data for analysis. To do this we will first layer
stack the Land sat satellite images of 1995, 2004 and 2014 by using ERDAS 2010
software. Then we will make georeffercing by using top sheet of the study area and
enhancement by making resolution merge of layer stacked image and one image that
have higher resolution from the rest,. As a result of this we need to use resolution
merge of resembling techniques “nearest neighbor” and our output option “stretch to
unsigned 8bits”.This process called data fusion. We choose a data fusion method for
land use land cover classification of our study area to combine satellite images at a
fine and a coarse spatial resolution. Secondly, from the enhanced images of three
years we will subset our study area from the enhanced multispectral images. The third
step is to collect sample coordinate using Hand Held GPS from the study area that are
used to verify the land use land cover type of the study area. The fourth stage is the
stage where we prepare the images in order to extract information by making
supervised classification. Based on accurate information obtained from we select
supervised classification for Land sat image of 1995,2004 and 2014 image data.
building land, farm land, forest land, water body ,deforestation land and road land are
the major land use types that we want to classify for our study area. Finally we will
extract information of area coverage of each major land use type from the output of
supervised image classification of 1995,2004 and 2014.

In addition to data extracted from the image, we will use primary survey data
collected in the form of questionnaire, focus group discussion, and interview for our
analysis. We use both open and closed question types in our questinnair. Researcher
will collect its row data using questionnaire based on Purposive sampling
techniques. Researcher random stratified sampling a population into administrative
kebeles and from each 3 zones we plan to ask 12 individual household
questionnaires and one focus group discussion. We use kebeles administrative
committee; core aged people and agricultural demonstrative agents for my focus
group discussion. I will collect information from higher government officials such as,
woreda department of natural resource and soil conservation, animal husbandry and
protection, department of coffee, agricultural extension, disaster and risk
 management, land administration office core process owners and experts, and if
present focal person of forest agency district using structured interview.

3.5 Methods of analysis

The analysis methods of this study fully based on the information extracted from survey
data collected using questionnaire, interview, and focus group discussion about the land
tenure system ,security of tenure and the socio economic aspect of the society living in
the area by using SPSS software , will be analyzed, summarized and presented via
qualitative and quantitative method of data analysis. Questionnaires which
collected from respondents will be quantitatively analyzed, presented in form of
table through percentage. Data which will be collected by interview and group
discussion will be qualitatively analyzed to complement the quantitative
analysis. The primary survey data collected using the hand held GPS and some
secondary data related with the study such as satellite image top sheet and shadflies of
the study area the researcher performs the processes of georeferenising of the image by
using the same area of top sheet, pre-processing of satellite image and change detection
will be done. From the results of image classification we want to have the area coverage
of each major land use type, i.e.,buliding land, farm land, water bodies, forest land
deforestation and road land After this, we want to detect the change in land use and land
cover types in the study area from 1995 up to 2014 and based on this result the researcher
would like to analyze the major cause for the land use land co verge change of Grageda
state forest ;particular the study area of the forest kebeles.

4. Time schedule
We plan to carry out our study within the following time break down

No. Activity/Task Units Quantity Time place

1. Data collection
1.1 Buying image and Image 4 10 day Addis Abeba
scanned top sheet
map
 1.2 Preparation of Question 25 3 day Dembi dolo
individual
questionnaire
1.3 Preparation of Question 10 1day Dembi dolo
questions for FGD
1.4 Preparation of Question 15 1day Dembi dolo
questions for
interview
1.5 Asking individual Individual 246 24 day Each sampled
questionnaire and kebele
FGD
1.6 Interviewing Gov`t officials 42 2 days Each sampled
wereda
1.8 GPS data collection Coordinates 72 6 days Each sampled
kebele
1.9 Transportation service 6 12 days Each sampled
kebele
2 Data Analysis
2.1 Raw data Raw data 200 7 days Dembi dolo
arrangement
2.2 Data interpretation Raw data 200 5 days Dembi dolo
2.3 Image classification Image data 3 3 days Dembi dolo
2.4 Accuracy assessment 1 day Dembi dolo
2.5 Writing analysis 10 days Dembi dolo
2.6 Writing result and 15 days Dembi dolo
discussion
2.7 Writing conclusion 3 days Dembi dolo
and recommendation
2.8 Arranging the final 7 days Bahir dar
thesis structure
Total days 108 days
Table1.time schedule for investigating the research

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5. Budget break down

The following budget required to investigate our research

No. Activity units Quantity Price/units Total

price
1 Images pieces 3 1000 3000
2 Topo sheet pieces 6 180 1080
3 Scanning topo sheet Pieces 6 100 600
4 Transport Trip 1 600 600
5 Perdium Day 7 206 1442
6 Digital camera pieces 1 8000 8000
7 A4 paper Desta 4 100 400
8 Pen pieces 10 5 50
9 Pencil pieces 1 3 3
10 Correction fluid pieces 2 8 16
11 Bag pieces 1 900 900
12 Stapler pieces 1 45 45
13 Stipples Pack 4 4 16
14 Printing page 800 1.5 1200
15 Copy page 640 1 640
16 Perdium for data collection day 36 102 3672
using questionnaire and FGD
17 Perdium for data collection day 36 102 3672
using GPS
18 Perdium for data collection day 12 102 1224
using interview
19 Perdeum for the researcher day 12 102 1224
wait on the road
20 Transportation trip 6 104 624
21 Perdium for the researcher to day 24 104 2496
collect the overall data
22 Transportation from wereda trip 24 300 7200`
to kebele
Total cost 30904
Table 2.budget break down required for investigating the research

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