Lesson 1: Home addressing factors like •To make the bond

your hopes for closeness, stronger, they must accept

Economics love and appreciation, and each other for what they
fears of abandonment and really are as they become
PRE-MARRIAGE
accept each other more at ease with each
COUNSELLING
other.
DISCUSSING
- It is a type of family
IMPORTANT ISSUES •Trust and loyalty and not
therapy that helps couples
suspicion and dislikes
prepare for marriage. Pre-  Finances should prevail in the
marriage counselling can  Roles in marriage relationship.
help ensure that you and  Activities and time
your partner have a spent together • Growing in love and
strong, healthy relationship  Children respect for each other
in addition to giving you a means having an
 Family
better chance for a stable agreement on certain
relationships
and satisfying marriage. issues such as money
BENEFITS OF PRE- matters, in- law
TYPES OF PRE
MARRIAGE relationships, where to
MARRIAGE
COUNSELLING live, how many children
COUNSELLING
and issues affecting
Gottman Method -Increases communication marriage and family life.
skills
•Developed by Drs. John .Learn to listen to your
and Julie Gottman. This - Decreases financial partner
form of therapy aims to stress
• Respect each others
improve the quality of
-Decreases chances of privacy like the following:
friendship between you
divorce not listening on phone
and your partner and
conversation, not opening
equip you with problem -Helps in decision making the mail if it is not your
solving skills that can help
own, not prying on wallet
you build a stronger -Helps with dealing with
etc.
relationship anger
•Be frank and clear when
Emotionally Focused RESPONSIBILITIES OF
expressing your values
Therapy AN ENGAGED COUPLE
and wants
•Developed by Drs. Sue . More are expected of the
especially on sex, in-laws
Johnson and Les engaged couple once the
and other issues regarding
Greenberg. It is a form of announcement have been
family life.
short-term therapy. It aims made.
to improve the attachment
They now assume greater
and bond between you
responsibilities to each GOING STEADY
and your partner, leading
other and to their families.
to better communication
GOING STEADY:
and a stronger The couple should now
relationship. consider the following • DATING
guidelines to preserve the
Psychodynamic Couples BOYFRIEND OR
relationship
Therapy GIRLFRIEND
Honesty, sincerity,
•Psychodynamic couples ROMANTIC LOVE
frankness and credibility
therapy examines the
as guidelines to preserve On Dating:
underlying issues that
the relationship.
motivate interaction
Synonymous with "Going
cycles. Identifying and
out"
-Exclusively dating a that legally, economically, honeymoon phase, where
member of the opposite and emotionally unites love rekindles.
sex for an extended period their lives
STAGE 5: REUNION
of time STAGE 1: HONEYMOON PHASE
PHASE
Also called "Dating" -The marriage strengthens
- it is a critical stage in a after having children or
-Mean you are exclusively marriage, lasting 1 to 3 making significant
to each other; no dating years. It is a time of changes. This phase lasts
other people; intense passion and 10-20 years, Tocusing on
emotional bond-building, nurturing each other's
- To date someone
establishing trust and physical and mental
exclusively and see them
intimacy. health.
on a regular basis.
STAGE 2: REALIZATION STAGE 6: EXPLOSION
- Kids start going steady in
PHASE PHASE
Middle School - Somehow
introducing to some peers The Realization Phase - The marriage faces new
some social gathering for follows, as the couple challenges, such as health
begins to see each other problems or financial
example: Happens after
as a human being, often incapacity, during the
flirtation
accompanied by midlife and golden years.
On Boyfriend or Girlfriend disappointment and This stage is known as the
conflict. It is essential for t empty nest syndrome."
• Being a couple; a married couples to be Couples need to stay
monogamous relationship assertive and open to strong and committed in
means official Boyfriend or discussing issues without order to weather this
Girlfriend disrespect. storm,
Choosing your Boyfriend STAGE 3: REBELLION
or Girlfriend over your PHASE
peers
- it is a fragile stage where
On Romantic Love: differences become a STAGE 7: COMPLETION
source of conflict, often PHASE
Deeper than infatuation
lasting 5 to 7 years. It is -The marriage has
It involves fantasy and crucial to be open and survived some of the
idealization understanding when toughest challenges, yet
issues arise, as it can lead remained strong and
• Knowing each other to cheating. Good committed to each other.
deeply empathy skills and open This is when you can be
communication are
• Being comfortable in content and enjoy each
essential to overcome this
each other's side other's company.
phase.
E.g. Dating in restaurants, LOVE and COURTSHIP
STAGE 4:
giving flowers, hugging,
REASSESSMENT PHASE LOVE
holding hands, deep talks
- it is a period of ➤an intensely strong
STAGES TOWARDS
reassessment, where sentiment of great love
MARRIAGE
couples realize the
relationship is worth? ➤a trait or sensation of
WHAT IS MARRIAGE?
saving and develop intense or ongoing
- it is a formal union and gratitude for what they devotion to and love for
social and legal contract have built together. This another
between two individuals stage is similar to the
KINDS OF LOVE
01 INFATUATION - psychological and spiritual
infatuation is often a
fantasy-based, passionate
longing for someone else it
is an intense but short-
lived passion or admiration
for someone or something
02 ROMANTIC LOVE -
also known as romance,
refers to the feelings of
love or intense desire that
one has for another
person as well as the
courtship activities that
person engages in to show
these feelings and their
underlying emotions
03PUPPY LOVE- usually
referred to as a "crush" is
a popular word for
sentiments of romantic
love that are frequently
experienced in early
adolescence and
childhood.
04COMPANIONATE
LOVE- feelings of warmth
towards a friend with
whom you love to spend
time with it's typically a
love that means you care
for someone but you
usually do not have
romantic feelings for them
05EROS- in Greek
mythology. Eros is the
Greek God of love and/or
sexual love. His Roman
counterpart was Cupid
Eros was the word often
used to express sexual
love or the feelings of
arousal that are shared
between people who are
physically attracted to one
another
06 SELF LOVE- is a state
of appreciation for oneself
that grows from actions
that support: our physical,
growth Self-love means
having a high regard for
your own
COURTSHIP
courtship is the slow,
systematic process of
pursuing the other person.
It is the romance of long
and intimate conversations
as well as time that is
spent with a person before
you decide to let them in.
KINDS OF COURTSHIP
KNOWN IN THE
PHILIPPINES
01HARANAHa, also
known as serenade, is an
old tradition of courtship in
the pre-colonial and
colonial days of the
Philippines. Harana is a
classic form of courtship in
which males sing to their
admired woman outside
her window at night to
introduce themselves and
earn her favor
02PANINILBIHAN -
Paninilbihan or an act of
servitude in the lady's
home, was performed by
gentlemen as the
courtship stage began in
the Philippines' prehistoric
eros in order to
demonstrate their
commitment and sincerity
for the woman they love
and admire. Along with
this action, the family
received specific gifts, and
the woman received
regular visits
03BALAK- In the Visayas
region, most especially in
Cebu, balak or spoken
poetry was the most
popular courtship mode in
the past. This involved a
highly emotive and
expressive recitation of
love verses by the suror to
his adored lady. Through
this, feelings of love were
being highlighted and were
actually made as bases of
the emotional weight the
gentleman was keeping for
his ideal woman.
04LOVE LETTERS-
sending love letters was
formally considered to be
one of the most valued
courting and attracting
practices in the nation
during the post- Hispanic
era. This had required a
sufficient omount of
patience and
understanding in the past
as sending letters through
mediators takes a lot of
time regardless of the
response whether the
woman accepts or rejects
the man's love.
05ONLINE DATING- This
dating practice is widely-
sought and established not
only in the Philippines but
across the globe as well
This is the way of starting
a romantic relationship on
the internet, by giving
information about yourself
or replying to someone
else's information.
ENGAGEMENT
An engagement or
betrothal is the period of
time between the
declaration of acceptance
of a marriage proposal and
the marriage itself (which What is the point of an success of the
is typically but not always engagement period? relationship.
commenced with a
wedding). More importantly, the 4. CONTINUE
engagement period is a COURTSHIP: One of the
• To be engaged = you time to plan the marriage. most important things that
have made a Getting engaged is a couples can do during
promise/commitment to formal commitment of two their engagement is to
marry someone people to merge their lives remember to date and
together. The engagement have fun together!
A marriage proposal is a period is a time of change
custom or ritual, common and transition that can The engagement period,
in Western cultures, in result in more the period between "Yes"
which one member of a understanding of one and "I do," is transitory, a
couple asks the other for another, but it can be life-changing transition.
their hand in marriage. If challenging and stressful We spend a lot of time
accepted, it marks the to go through. focusing on the big day. It
initiation of engagement, a is, after all, supposed to be
mutual promise of later HERE ARE SOME the "best day of your life."
marriage. HELPFUL TIPS TO TAME
FIGHTS DURING THE
An engagement ring, also ENGAGEMENT PERIOD:
known as a betrothal ring, Lesson 2:
is a ring indicating that the 1. LET GO OF
person wearing it is PERFECTION: Couples Child Bearing
engaged to be married,
especially in Western
tend to
everything
desire
be
that
perfect
and Child
cultures. A ring is during the engagement Rearing
presented as an period. The apprehension
engagement gift by a of the future can influence
partner to their prospective how couples act and feel.
spouse when they propose Child Bearing
marriage or directly after a 2. LET GO OF THE
SMALL STUFF: -The definition of child-
marriage proposal is bearing is simply to have
accepted. children. This includes
Focus on the bigger
picture, which is the being able to carry, grow
relationship and the and give birth to a child or
commitment that a couple children. If a woman can
is making to be married have children, she is
WHAT EXACTLY DOES and spend their lives considered to be child-
IT MEAN TO GET together. bearing.
ENGAGED?
3. COMMUNICATE: -The decision to have
Engaged couples have children is influenced by
publicly committed to Although communication is many social, economic,
marrying each other. The always important. and personal factors.
act of getting engaged is a relationships, it's Couples usually decide
public declaration of intent especially true during the together to have children,
to wed. It makes no engagement time because but it is the woman who
difference if the partners of the amount of change goes through pregnancy
are of the same or that a couple is and gives birth.
opposite gender.WHY experiencing as well as
THE ENGAGEMENT stress. Talking about these
PERIOD? issues is crucial to the
Child Rearing
-Child rearing refers to the
processes, strategies, and
approaches used to raise
a child from birth through
adulthood.
-Parenting is influenced by
cultural differences and
differing viewpoints on
issues like discipline,
establishing rules, and
expectations of obedience
to authority.
Parental Influences
Parenting is a complex
process in which parents
and children both impact
one another. There are
many reasons that parents
behave the way they do.
The multiple influences on
parenting are still being
explored. Proposed
influences on parental
behavior include:
Parent characteristics-
Parents bring unique traits
and qualities to the
parenting relationship that
affect their decisions as
parents. These
characteristics include a
parent’s age, gender
identity, personality,
developmental history,
beliefs, knowledge about
parenting and child
development, and mental
and physical health.
Parents’ personalities also
affect parenting behaviors.
Parents who are more
agreeable, conscientious,
and outgoing are warmer
and provide more structure
to their children.
Child characteristics-
Parenting is bidirectional.
Not only do parents and
caregivers affect their
children, but children
influence their
parents/primary caregivers
as well. Child
characteristics, such as
gender identity, birth order,
temperament, and health
status, can affect child-
rearing behaviors and
roles. Another child
characteristic is the child’s
gender identity. Some
parents assign different
household chores to their
children based on their
child’s gender identity.
For example, older
research has shown girls
are more often responsible
for caring for younger
siblings and household
chores, whereas boys are
more likely to be asked to
perform chores outside the
home, such as mowing the
lawn.
Contextual and
sociocultural
characteristics- The
parent-child relationship
does not occur in isolation.
Sociocultural
characteristics, including
economic hardship,
religion, politics,
neighborhoods, schools,
and social support, can
also influence parenting.
Parents who experience
economic hardship tend to
be more easily frustrated,
depressed, and sad, and
these emotional
characteristics can affect
their parenting skills.
Nutrients needed by a
pregnant woman
It’s always important to eat
a balanced diet — and it’s
even more important for
pregnant woman because
what you eat is the main
source of nutrients for the
baby. However, many
women don’t get enough
iron, folate, calcium,
vitamin D, or protein. So
when you are pregnant, it
is important for you to
increase the amounts of
foods you eat with these
nutrients.
Most women can meet
their increased needs with
a healthy diet that includes
plenty of fruits, vegetables,
whole grains, and proteins.
According to the American
College of Obstetricians
and Gynecologists
(ACOG), you should try to
eat a variety of foods from
these basic food groups. If
you do, you are likely to
get all the nutrients you
need for a healthy
pregnancy.
Key nutrients
According to ACOG, you
and your baby need these
key nutrients for a healthy
pregnancy:
Calcium- Helps to build
strong bones and teeth.
Main sources include milk,
cheese, yogurt, and
sardines. During
pregnancy you need 1,000
milligrams (mg) daily.
Iron- Helps red blood cells
deliver oxygen to your
baby. Sources include
lean red meat, dried
beans, peas, and iron-
fortified cereals. During
pregnancy you need 27
mg daily.
Vitamin A- You need this
vitamin for healthy skin,
eyesight, and bone
growth. Carrots, dark,
leafy greens, and sweet
potatoes are good
sources. During pregnancy
you need 770 micrograms
daily.
Vitamin C- Promotes
healthy gums, teeth, and
bones, and helps your
body absorb iron. Good
sources include citrus fruit,
broccoli, tomatoes, and
strawberries. During
pregnancy you need 85
mg daily.
Vitamin D- Aids your body
in the absorption of
calcium to help build your
baby’s bones and teeth.
Sources include exposure
to sunlight, fortified milk,
and fatty fish, such as
salmon. During pregnancy
you need 600 international
units (IUs) daily.
Vitamin B6- Helps form
red blood cells and helps
your body use protein, fat,
and carbohydrates. You
can find vitamin B6 in
beef, liver, pork, whole-
grain cereals, and
bananas. During
pregnancy you need 1.9
mg daily.
Child Birth
Childbirth, also known as
labor, parturition and
delivery, is the completion
of pregnancy where one or
more babies exits the
internal environment of the
mother via vaginal delivery
or caesarean section. The
most common childbirth
method worldwide is
vaginal delivery.
It involves four stages of
labor: the shortening and
opening of the cervix
during the first stage,
descent and birth of the
baby during the second,
the delivery of the placenta
during the third, and the
recovery of the mother and
infant during the fourth
stage, which is referred to
as the postpartum.
PREPARING FOR THE
BABY
WHAT IS PREPARING
FOR THE BABY MEAN?
And why preparing for the
baby is important?
•Preparing For the Baby -
to prepare a place in your
home for the baby.
Prepare a sleeping area
and a place for clothes
and supplies. Purchase
essential nursery
equipment.
Research shows that a
mother who is well
prepared for birth, is more
likely to have a smoother
labor.
THE THINGS TO
PREPARE BEFORE
BABY'S ARRIVAL
Clothes, Equipment And
Space
The list of basic supplies
for baby can be
overwhelming:
• Clothes
• Bedding
• Bath supplies
• Travel equipment
• Feeding supplies
Baby’s Room
• Newborn’s may
sleep as many as 18-22
hours a day.
• During the first 6
months 15-18 hours a day
The Crib- The babies
spent countless hours
alone in a crib. This means
that safety should be high
priority.
Diaper Changing Area-
Parents needs to set aside
a space where the baby
can be changed and
dressed.
Other children in the
family- It is not always
easy for children to accept
a new baby in their lives.
Older siblings may not
always be excited about a
new member of the family.
Decisions About Feeding-
All parents must decide
whether to breast or bottle-
feed their baby.
Choosing a Pediatrician-
Before the baby is born,
parents should choose a
doctor that will care for the
baby. Pediatrician is a
doctor that specializes in
treating children.
NURSING NEEDS,
CLOTHING NEEDS AND
DAILY NEEDS FOR THE
BABY
1. WARMTH- Warmth is
provided by keeping the
baby dry with adequate
clothing.
2. BREAST FEEDING -
also called nursing, is the
process of feeding a
mother's breast milk to her
infant, either directly from
the breast or by
expressing (pumping out)
the milk from the breast
and bottle-feeding it to the
infant.
-one of the most effective
ways to ensure child
health and survival.
3. SKIN CARE AND BABY
BATH -Proper skin care
and bathing can help
maintain the health and
texture of the baby's skin
while providing a pleasant
experience for both of you.
4. PROTECTION FROM
INFECTION AND INJURY-
The most important
practice for preventing
cross- infection is thorough
hand washing of all the
individuals involved in the
infants care, other safety
measures are practiced,
particularly in terms of
proper identification and
screening tests are used
to detect various
disorders.
5. CLOTHING OF BABY-
The baby should be
dressed with loose, soft
and cotton cloths. Large
buttons synthetic frock and
plastic or nylon napkin
should be avoided. A
triangular shaped soft,
absorbent cloth should be move and interact with
used as napkin. The cloths other people. Cuddling,
should not be tight talking, singing and eye
especially around the neck contact will help the brain
or abdomen. In winter to grow in a healthy way.
woolen clothing should be
used.
Weaning- is the process
of stopping feeding your
CLOTHING TO BUY FOR baby with breast milk.
NEWBORN Ideally, the first step
towards weaning your
One-piece outfits some of baby is introducing
these are basically spiffed- complementary foods
up famines appropriate for alongside your breast milk
sleeping. around the age of six
months. The weaning
•SHIRT •LEGGINGS OR
process continues until
PULL ON SHIRTS
breast milk is completely
•SOCKS •MITTENS
replaced by other foods
•HAT/BONNET
and drinks.
Lesson 3:
•SWEATER OR JACKET
•PAJAMAS OR SELECTING A
SLEEPERS •WEARABLE SPOUSE FOR
BLANKET
MARRIAGE
•SLEEVELESS
While we can’t know for
certain all the good and
bad characteristics our
DAILY NEEDS FOR THE
partner will
BABY
bring to the table when we
Four key elements:
first meet them, there are
certain universal traits you
1.BREAST FEEDING
2.ENSURE WARMTH might want to look for in a
relationship partner that
3.CORD CARE will ensure a happier
outcome. No person is
4.HYGIENE perfect, of course, but here
Feeding the baby- Breast are eight key qualities to
milk and formula provide look for in a partner:
everything babies need
nutritionally until they start
eating solid foods.
Care of the growing
baby- Giving your baby
the best environment 1. Emotional Maturity
possible will enhance your
Every person comes
baby’s brain activity as
equipped with flaws and
they learn how to speak,
emotional baggage.
Seeking perfection is an
idle search. Instead, what
you should look for in a
partner is emotional
maturity. This means
someone who is willing to
think and learn about
themselves, who is open
to reflecting on the past
and evolving in the
present.
2. Openness
Along with emotional
maturity, one of the things
to look for in a partner is
an openness to feedback.
Not only should your
partner be interested in
changing his or her own
self-limiting behaviors, but
he or she should be open
to hearing what you have
to say. Open and honest
communication is vital to
sustaining a close
relationship.
3. Honesty
While deception is
generally frowned upon,
lying is sadly common in
many relationships. Some
couples believe they need
lies to survive, yet
research shows that lying
less is linked to better
relationships. Being able
to trust is so important
when choosing a life
partner. Look for someone
whose actions meet their
words and someone who
is open about how they
feel.
4. Respectful and
Sensitive
One of the most valuable
qualities to look for in a
partner is respect. When
you find someone who
encourages you to be
yourself, you can feel
secure in your relationship,
yet independent within
yourself. It’s easy to feel
loved when someone
encourages you to do
what lights you up and
makes you happy.
5. Independent
People often make the
mistake of thinking that a
relationship is a way for
two people to become
one. Attempting to merge
your identity with someone
else is not only bad for
you, but bad for the
relationship.
6. Empathetic
In addition to being a good
communicator, you should
look for a partner who is
empathetic. It’s fortunate
to find someone who is
willing to hear out and
relate to your struggles.
When you have a partner
who aims to understand
and feel for what you
experience, you are able
to be more vulnerable and
reveal more aspects of
yourself. Compassion is
one of the most important
human traits, and you
should strive to find a
partner who can easily feel
for other people.
7. Physically Affectionate
One of the symptoms of a
“fantasy bond” involves a
lack of affection and
sexuality between a and done
couple. Physical affection
is an important part of life.
It is a way people stay
connected and close to
those they love. Keeping
your relationship vital and
intimate is part of making
love last. It’s important to
choose a partner who
accepts love and affection,
who is also giving of love,
affection and
acknowledgment. Your
sexuality is a part of you
that shouldn’t fade with
time. Keeping your
feelings alive means
expressing them verbally
and physically.
8. Funny
Sense of humor is as
important as it’s made out
to be. Your choice of life
mate will impact every
aspect of your being. It will
influence your happiness,
career success, health,
finances, children, friends,
and family, so it’s not a
decision you want to take
lightly.
Choosing someone that
brings out the best in you
and adds a sense of joy
and ease to your life is
essential to your emotional
and physical well-being.
The following life partner
qualities represent the
mind’s wisdom with that of
the heart for a lifetime of
success in love:
Responsibility: being
accountable to one’s self
and others in all aspects of
life
Generosity: the ability and
willingness to give
unselfishly in what is said
Kindness: true kindness is
being authentic and
compassionate toward
one’s self and others
Chemistry: an undeniable
spark or attraction that
exists between two people
Shared Values: compatible
core beliefs about yourself,
others and life in general
Integrity: doing the right
thing at all times and in all
circumstances
Self-Awareness: knowing
your strengths,
weaknesses, thoughts,
and motivations
Loyalty: being consistently
devoted to your partner
and the relationship
Shared Goals: having
common goals, aspirations
and dreams
In order to make the best
possible decision, you will
need to be patient and
conduct a thorough
intellectual and emotional
evaluation. In the end, it
will be well worth your time
and effort; when you
choose well you can
expect to admire and
respect your partner for a
lifetime
FACTORS THAT CAN
HELP DEVELOP
COMPATIBILITY
BETWEEN THE
HUSBAND AND WIFE
COMPATIBILITY
- According to Dr. Gabb,
compatibility in
relationships is “when you
share the same mindset,
when you connect with the
other person on a deeply
intimate level. It means
that how you approach life,
and the values and
qualities that you cherish
are shared.
FACTORS THAT CAN
HELP DEVELOP
COMPATIBILITY
a) Shared values - When
two people share similar
values and beliefs, it can
create a strong foundation
for the relationship. This
includes values related to
family, career, spirituality
and other important areas
of life.
b) Respectful
communication - together is an important
Compatibility often
involves being able to
communicate effectively
and respectfully with each
other. This means being
able to express oneself
honestly and openly while
also listening actively and
empathetically.
c) Shared interests -
Having shared interests
can help couples bond and
enjoy spending time
together. This can include
hobbies, activities, and
passions that both
partners enjoy.
d) Trust - Trust is essential
for a healthy and fulfilling
equation and of the most
important signs of
compatibility in
relationships. When two
people trust each other,
they are able to feel
secure and confident in
the relationship.
e) Emotional connection -
Emotional connection is an
important aspect of
compatibility. This involves
being able to connect on a
deep emotional level and
share feelings and
experiences with each
other.
f) Respect for differences -
No two people are exactly
the same, and
compatibility involves
respecting each other’s
differences. This includes
differences in personality,
interests, and beliefs.
g) Shared sense of humor
- Sharing a sense of
humor can help couples
connect and enjoy
spending time together.
Being able to laugh
aspect of compatibility.
h) Openness to
compromise - In any
relationship, there will be
times when both partners
need to compromise.
Compatibility involves
being open to finding
solutions that work for both
partners.
PURPOSES OF
MARRIAGE
MARRIAGE
- may be defined as
‘formal and durable sexual
union of one or more
women to one or more
men, which is conducted
within a set of designed
rights and duties.
- in the modern world it is
usually acknowledged that
in order to enter the bonds
of Holy Matrimony, both
parties involved must be in
agreement.
- In marriage, you need to
find what works for you
and your partner, making it
healthy and strong for the
future. Allowing yourselves
to grow and change
together enhancing you to
enjoy life with your
spouse.
IMPORTANCE OF
MARRIAGE
1. To have a permanent
relationship with the
person you love.
2. To have children and a
happy family.
3. For economic and social
upliftment or insurance.
FORMS OF MARRIAGE
POLYGAMY &
MONOGAMY
POLYGAMY
∙ Polygyny- is a marriage
uniting one man to two
several women. ∙ parents who can provide
Polyandry- is a marriage
uniting one woman to
many men.
MONOGAMY
- ‘one-union’ marriage
wherein man marries one
woman.
* Bigamy – as provided by
Philippine Law, when a
man marries more than
one woman at a given
time, which is considered
as crime.
PURPOSES OF
MARRIAGE
God’s Three Purposes of
Marriage
1. Companionship
- first purpose of marriage.
- In Genesis 2:18, the Lord
said it wasn’t good for man
to be alone. - -God
designed marriage so that
man and woman could
have a close relationship.
This relationship is based did. These three primary
on love, trust, and purposes are still relevant
communication and today and are essential
provides a picture of our for a healthy society.
relationship with the Lord.
2. Procreation
- second purpose of
marriage.
Advantage and
- God designed marriage Disadvantages
so couples could have brought about by a
children and raised them close-knit family
in loving homes.
- Children are a blessing
from God, and it’s
FAMILY
important that they be - is considered as the
raised in a home where smallest and most
they can learn about God’s basic unit of
love. society. It is the
primary social
- Children need two group that shares
social and
love and guidance. A economic
family grounded in God’s responsibilities.
principles will be much Family gives a
more likely to succeed social environment
than one that doesn’t have to the child born
this foundation. and brought up
there is
3. Redemption responsible for
developing its
- third purpose of attitude (where two
marriage. parents raise their
child).
- God designed marriage
so that man and woman
could come together and
be saved from their sins. Advantages of
Family
- When a husband and
wife come together in holy
matrimony, they commit to a.) Perform
God’s plan for their lives. various functions
This plan included raising
children in a God-Fearing
- The animals
reproduce by
home and helping each
mating and
other stay on the path to
reproducing a new
salvation. A healthy
generation.
marriage is built on Jesus Animals do have a
Christ and the teachings. family like humans.
Marriage is God's idea, he
Every family plays
their role by
has a good reason for
performing these
designing it the way he
functions:
- Reproductive and and short f.) Improve
sexual relation term. physical and
- Care and protection mental health
of children d.) Provide - Family’s
- Economic security and uncondition
provision protection from al and
- Affection outsiders support
- - Family act as help us get
Socialization a through the
of children protection most
b.) Gives love & wall for disastrous
support every and best
- Family provides individual, times.
a framework especially Family
for future joint always
relationships families, works in a
that help you and has direction to
secure proved to bring out
attachments. be an the best in
Family is the excellent you, even if
greatest resources you can’t
source of love, for care see it
care, support, where yourself.
encoura members g.) boost self-
gement, feel safe confidence
security, and secure - Family is responsible
and (protected for building an
many from individual’s self-
more verbal, confidence or self
children emotional, esteem, which
in a joint physical or happens when they
family sexual pay attention, show
get abuse.) they are proud of
more e.) reduce stress their child, and let
love and - Family is one the child try
affection stress buster whatever they
than medicine that want.
other listens to your h.) personality
families. problems and development
c.) Financial and issues and tries - Personality helps
economic support to calm you. each person to
- Family Rather they establish his
provides sometimes can’t identity or
economics solve the define someone
security by problem but personality can’t
fulfilling the distract you be formed in one
family’s from it and day. It is an
financial support you in ongoing
needs, fighting a development
including the situation at any process that
health and costs. improves with
well-being of proper guidance
children and of parents and
their parents teachers.
in the long Disadvantages of
family
 a. impose their - every child is second
dreams on different; family. Some
children therefore, its families are
- in most dreams are responsible
cases, also different, for spoiling
parents or but some their
family parents' children
members scenarios and even parents
see an thinking spoil
extension toward their themselves.
of child's dreams h. less
themselve are the personnel space
s in their same. limited space
children e. need - this problem is
rather sacrifice common in
than a - making and Indian families
separate surviving a where
person family need sometimes no
with their various space is
hopes sacrifices from provided to the
and each family child or
aspiration member. couples.
. These Everyone
b. Pressurize sacrifices start needs
the child from the two personal
- individual space to help
parents males or us stay safe in
constantly females who this modern
keep sacrifice their world.
pressure time, i. not having a
on their emotions, positive
children in money, relationship with
the name relationships, every member - not
of studies, freedom, every family member
learning, personal life, needs to share a
and career, social healthy relationship.
remaining life, food, Sometimes cousins
in desires, etc., share a loving bond,
competitio f. have to face but siblings do not,
n with family problems which results in
other - no family can fighting and
children. c. be perfect beyond jealousy. Joint
Hurt the love, affection, and families have this
children care, there are kind of problem
- no parent can various ups and mainly where
dream of harming down, a family has brothers, sisters,
or hurting their to face to make parents, and
child, but to stop their survival. . g. grandparents all
their child from responsible for have their reason
being harmed in spoiling family for fighting.
the future, they member j. trust issue
hurt them - spoiling a child - A family has a different
physically, is a common mindset, people
emotionally, and disadvantage living under one roof,
psychologically. of a family and being a family,
d. Dreams are seen in they don't need to
ruined every have deep trust in
 each other, TOPIC: POINTS TO central purposes of
especially in this CONSIDER IN responsible
modern era where PARENTHOOD parenthood.
no one trusts each
other and how KNOWLEDGE OF
families can be left CHILD REARING
LEARNING
untouched. OUTCOMES: ∙ One has a better
k. burnout chance of rearing
- burnout is one of the At the end of the lesson healthy, happy,
major the students should be intelligent children if
disadvantages of able to: parents are
family, which can be educated and
A. Enumerate the
seen in most prepared for the
factors to be to
families. Burnout is duties expected of
consider in
when a person feels parenthood.
parenthood
depressed, shows Parenting or child
addictive behavior, B. Realize the rearing promotes and
has lowered mood, importance of supports the
has sleep having a physical, emotional,
disruption, or has a responsible social, spiritual and
conflict with a parenthood cognitive
partner. development of a
l. loneliness child from infancy to
- we humans need PARENTAL ROLE adulthood. Parenting
someone to listen refers to the
to and support us ∙ Parents must not only intricacies of raising
and handle our provide physical and a child and not
ups and down. The material needs but exclusively for a
orphan or one who also love, security biological relationship
loses his family and continuous .
accidentally guidance for the
knows the value of children to become EMOTIONAL
family because if upright, responsible ADJUSTMENTS
you have a family, and worthy member ∙ They must be
you are the richest of the home and emotionally prepared
person in the community. and committed to
world, as you have change their lifestyle.
someone to stand FAMILY
RELATIONSHIP Couple who are
beside and behind
emotionally adjusted
you ∙ Raising a family calls
unconditionally. stand a better chance of
for a lot of interaction coping with the
m. rigid in the process of
traditions situation.
relating to one
- they force their child another. This
to follow that RESPONSIBLE
requires discipline, PARENTHOOD AND IT’S
tradition and don't training and
crossboundaries. EFFECT ON CHILDREN
harmonious
They kept children relationship among
under strict the members.
discipline, crushed Harmonious Responsible
their dreams, and relationship not only parenthood
suppressed them at between husband
every stage of life, - is the ability of
and wife and
which became the parents to respect
children but within
reason for many and respond to the
laws and relatives
problems in the needs and
must be one of the
families. aspiration of the
 family and condition of being could effects
children. protected and away its health.
- Parent should from harm or any - provide proper
detect the need, other non-desirable vaccination.
happiness and outcomes.
desire of children - Keeping their Responsible parent
in helping then family member should have the
to become safe and away following qualities:
responsible and from any - Parent should
reasonable danger, cooperate with each
children. accident or other
diseases. - Love, respect and
SELF ESTEEM care for the child
RESPONSIBILITIES IN - Show concern to
PARENTHOOD - Ability of an others around them
individual to evaluate - Parent should be
PARENTING their worth honest and tolerance
- Promotion and subjectively. to their children.
support for the - Parent must guide their - They should live
physical, children on how to see peacefully.
emotional, their worth as an
social and individual. SPIRITUAL, MORAL
intellectual AND LEGAL ASPECTS
development of OF MARRIAGE
the offspring SHAPING VALUES &
from infancy to DISCIPLINE
adulthood. MARRIAGE
-Activities needed - Parents must
to be done to show their ∙ Marriage is a lifelong
raise a child children the partnership of the
properly until good and the whole of life, of
they become a bad things mutual and
function part of concerning exclusive fidelity,
society. following the established by
rules and laws mutual consent
of society. between man and
BASIC NEEDS woman and
ordered towards
- basic needs of EDUCATION the good of the
their child spouse.
(proper - Good education to
nutrition by their child (priority of SPIRITUAL ASPECT
providing food all parents) OF MARRIAGE
that the child - Needed to train an
individual to become ∙ Spiritual intimacy is
needs to essential because it
grow). a better person.
can bring two
- adequate grooming people closer
parents must provide together and give
good shelter for their MAINTAINING them faith to lean
children. HEALTH OF THE on during good and
FAMILY bad times. Taking
- Prepare the body spiritual journeys
SAFETY of their children together can
to different deepen a couple’s
- Provide their children relationship
with a good factors that
Spiritual Intimacy relationship, things empathy for
Examples can get tricky, your spouse.
especially regarding Compassion is
Spiritual intimacy your stance on when you have
can take many honesty. Honesty concern for your
forms, many of can make partner’s
which benefit the relationships grow. misfortunes.
spouses or Being honest about
partners and the yourself, your 5. Giving respect
health of their desires, and your
relationship. ∙ Respect is one of
past can build an the most important
Signs of spiritual unshakable bond of
intimacy qualities of a healthy
trust with your relationship.
include: spouse.
1. Clear support: Faith 2. Consistency
offers many people a LEGAL ASPECTS OF
support system. You ∙ Being consistent MARRIAGE
can give your with your spouse
partner prayer shows them that ∙ Marriage is a legally
requests in hard you can be relied accepted contract
times to know they on. When you between man and a
are considering you say you’ll be there woman. Entering
and your to pick your into a marriage
relationship needs. partner up from contract provides
2. Strong trust: work, they do not new rights and
Sharing a set of doubt that you’ll obligations to both
beliefs can elicit be there. When partners and thus
greater trust. you make a changes their legal
Knowing another promise, they status. To preserve
person’s value trust you morality and
system often means completely. civilization, marriage
understanding how has been considered
they will behave 3. Being a loyal traditionally.
and what practices partner
they will follow. Age- the minimum age
One for marriage in the
MORAL ASPECT OF area ,wher
MARRIAGE Philippines is 18- 21
e having years old.
∙ Your ethics and different
morals will decide morals in Relationship-
how you treat your a Every states
partner. Your ethics relationshi forbids marriage
are the principles p can lead between relatives.
that govern your life. to This is seen as
Examples of good heartache incest.
ethics include being is when it
Two people- Marriage
loyal and comes to
is between two people.
trustworthy partner. infidelity.
Otherwise it is
Some Key morals and 4. Having considered bigamy.
ethics that are compassion Man and Woman-
important in a marriage is a
relationship ∙ One of the most relationship between
significant moral man and woman.
examples in a Same sex marriage
1. Honesty∙ relationship is are considered
When you have having invalid.
different morals in a compassion and
Consent- both operation and concentrated
person must reproduction. resources.
agree to be ∙ It includes adults of 4. Limited Support
married. No one both sexes, at least Network
can be force to two of whom ∙ With fewer family
marry someone maintain a socially members, there
against his/her approved sexual may be a
own will. relationship and one smaller support
or more children, system in times
Annulment- A legal
own or adopted of of need.
ruling that erases a
the sexually co-
marriage by declaring
habiting adults.” B. BIG FAMILY
the marriage null and
void and that the union Types of Family a family that
was never legally includes
valid. grandparents,
Divorce- a court order A. SMALL FAMILY aunts, uncles,
that ends a valid and others in
marriage addition to
Refer to a family unit parents and
that consists of a limited children
TOPIC: SMALL OR BIG number of members, ∙ Also called as
FAMILIES? usually a couple and “extended family”
one or two children.
∙ Also called as
“nuclear
LEARNING Benefits and
family” an
OUTCOMES: Challenges of Big
independent
entity, free Family
At the end of the lesson
the students should be from the
able to: influence of the
elders. 1. Built-in Playmates
a) Define what is Having many
family Benefits and siblings
Challenges of Small provides
b) Differentiate the Family
small and big family constant
1. Close Bonds companio
c) Knows the ∙ Smaller families often nship
benefits and foster closer and
challenges between relationships opportuni
small and big family between family ties for
members. socializati
2. Focus on Individual on.
What is family? Development 2. Shared
∙ With fewer Responsibilities
∙ According to siblings, children ∙ Big families often
functionalist may receive rely on teamwork
George more attention and cooperation
Murdock a and resources. to manage daily
family is defined tasks.
3. Higher
as “a social 3. Division of
Costs
group Resources
characterized ∙ Small
families may With more children,
by common financial resources
residence, face financial
challenges may need to be
economic co- spread thinner
due to the
 . 4. Noisier ▪ Marriage is void if RIGHTS OF A PILIPINO
Environment the party is below 18 WIFE
∙ Large families years old.
The Right to File for
may have a
Concubinage
higher noise ▪ Parent’s consent is
- The legal wife has
level and need required if the party
forprivacy is 18 to 21 years old. a power to go after
management. ▪ Person not allowed her philandering
to get married: husband. Case
under RA 9262, or
Differences in the anti-violence
❖ Incestuous against women and
Parenting Styles
Marriage children act of 2004.
Small Families - Is grossly One instance is
indecent, enough to file a
∙ Parents may have immoral, and case.
the opportunity for inimical to the
more focused purity. The Right to Claim
attention, leading Ascendant- Custody over Children
to potentially more Descendant
involved and - The deprived parent
Brother and
hands-on may file a court
Sisters
parenting styles. case for custody
❖ Void
of a minor child.
Big Families Parents Marriage
The petition for
may need to rely more custody should be
Collateral Blood
on delegation and filled with the
Relative
independence in appropriate
parenting due to the Incumbent
member of s Family Court in
larger number of the Philippines.
children. Stepparent and
Stepchildren The Right to File Against
an Abusive Spouse
TOPIC: The laws of
Marriage - Abuse whether verbal
Formal Requisites of or physical is ready
The Legal Aspect of Marriage considered a crime
Marriage under under the Anti-
Philippine Law 1. Authority of the
Violence Against
Solemnizing Officer
Essential requisites Women and Children
the judiciary
of 2004. You don’t
1. Legal Capacity -Priest,rabbi,
need to be battered
imam, or
a. 18 years old to file a case.
minister of
and above
any church or The Right to Claim
b. Male and
religious sect Conjugal Properties
Female
-Ship captain
or airplane - One of the most
2. Consent Freely chief important rights of
given before the the legal wife is the
Military Commander
solemnizing officer. claim to conjugal
Consul-general, consul
or vice-consul properties. Except
▪ The absence of at only when a
2. Valid Marriage
least one essential prenuptial
License Issued by
requisite renders the agreement was
Local Civil Registrar
marriage void initio signed.
which means the
marriage void from In case of Death, the
the beginning. Rights to claim
Husband’s Remains
- If you’re not yet and patterns on the  Rattan
annulled, the legal bamboo surface. smoothening tools
wife will always  Sanding block - Used to
have the right to Used to smooth the smoothen the rough
rough edges and edges of the rattan
claim the remains of
surfaces of the strips.
her deceased bamboo. It helps to  Rattan Clamps
husband. give the finished Used to hold
craft a polished the rattan in place
The Right to Ask for
and refined look. while weaving or
Spousal Support  Clamps- These are bending it into various
- The law clearly used to hold the place.
bamboo pieces Rattan Soaking
states that one of
securely while Container
the obligations of working on the Rattan needs to
a married parties project. be soaked in water to
is to support  Drill- Used to make enhance its flexibility
family member, holes in bamboo and make it easier to
including the for specific craft work with.
spouse. projects, such as
bamboo wind VINE CRAFT
chimes. Is a unique form of
TOOLS AND  Ruler or measuring craftmanship that
EQUIPMENT USED FOR tape- Used to involves working with
THE FOLLOWING ensure accuracy flexible and long-
PROJECTS: and precision in stemmed plant vines to
BAMBOO CRAFTS cutting and shaping create decorative and
RATTAN AND VINE bamboo, helps in functional items
CRAFT measuring the
BASKETRY desired lengths Tools and Equipment in
WHAT IS BAMBOO and sizes. making Vine craft
CRAFT  Sand paper-  Pruning shears
Is a traditional craft Different grades of used to carefully
using bamboo as a raw sandpaper are cut and harvest vines from
material. Bamboo has hold used to smoothen plants.
uses, its low cost makes it the surface of the  Wire cutters
the primary material for bamboo and help when working
articles of everyday use remove any rough with vines that require
such as mats, baskets as spots or shaping or securing.
well and decorative items imperfections.  Weaving needle
MATERIALS RATTAN CRAFT Assist in weaving
 Bamboo cutter - A  is a traditional form vines together. It allows to
sharp tool used for of craftmanship thread and secure vines in
cutting bamboo that utilizes the intricate patterns to create
into various flexible stems of the desired design.
lengths. it helps to the rattan plant to  Pliers
create precise and create a variety of are useful for bending
clean cuts. beautiful and or twisting wires, adjusting
 Bamboo saw- functional items. and tightening frames and
Designed for TOOLS AND gripping small vines
cutting bamboo. It EQUIPMENT IN segments during crafting
has small, sharp MAKING RATTAM process.
teeth that allow for CRAFT  Glue or adhesive
smooth and  Rattan cutter To secure certain
controlled cuts. Designed parts or attach additional
 Carving knife -A for cutting rattan embellishments like beads
sharp, pointed stems. or decorations.
knife used for  Rattan splitter
intricate detail work Used to split
and shaping rattan stems into
bamboo. It helps in thinner strips. BASKETRY
creating designs
  Is the art of  coconut shell – it  Empty
creating woven is a basic material water
containers and used in making bottles –
other objects. Has coconut shell craft. use as a
a long history and  Hacksaw blade- it body of a
is used for practical is used to cut pig
purposes like coconut shell.  Constructi
storage or carrying  Buffing machine – on paper –
items. it is used to use to cover
TOOLS AND smoothen the outer up the
EQUIPMENT surface. water
 Weaving Materials  Hammer – it is a bottles and
This includes natural tool with a heavy to cut out
materials like bamboo and metalhead ears.
vines that serve as the mounted to bat  Pipe
foundation for creating the repeatedly. cleaner –
basket.  Quick adhesive – use as a
 Scissors it is used to stick pig’s tail.
Used to cut and trim the articles.  Beads –
the weaving materials to  Wood polish – it is use as a leg
the desired length. used to give the of a piggy
 Wire Cutters coconut shell a bank.
are handy when wood finishing.  Scissor
incorporating handles or  Sleek glossy top  Glue gun
attaching decorative coat – it is used to  Googly
elements in the basket. give a glossy effect eyes- use
 Needles to the product. as an eye of
These tools aid the  Emery sheet – it is a piggy
weaving the materials used to smoothen bank.
together and in stitching or the outer surface of 2. Plastic bottle
securing specific sections. coconut shell. flowers – Plastic
 Mold or form  Bastard file – it is water bottle flowers
Depending on the used to carve the are creative and
desired shape or size of coconut shell into a environmentally
the basket. An improvised required shape. friendly crafts, that
object like bowls or Plastic craft turn discarded
containers that serve as  The term plastic bottles into
temporary forms. “plastic art” beautiful floral
derived from decorations
the word “ Tools and Equipment
Coconut shell plasticize”,  Water
 coconut shells meaning “ to bottles – it
are the hard mould” is the most
outer layer or describe any important
husk of a art form which tool in
mature coconut involves making a
fruit. They are modelling bottle
typically brown moulding in flower.
in color and three  Acrylic
have a fibrous, dimensions Paints –
woody texture. Examples of plastic art use to paint
The shells are  Plastic bottle the bottle
derived from piggy bank flower and a
coconuts that  Plastic bottle cap.
have been flowers  Constructi
harvested and 1. Plastic bottle on paper-
had their inner piggy bank - A use to make
flesh (known as container that a leaf.
the copra) holds coins and is  Wooden
removed. used by children for skewers-
Tools and equipment saving money. use as a
Tools and equipment holder of a
 bottle used as creating a project ANIMAL BONE WIND
flower. or decorate a surface. It CHIMES
 Glue gun gives color to your craft. Bones- it is the main
 glue Cotton Twine- use as materials to make bone
 scissor holder hook in your finish wind chimes.
product. Wood- it is used as based.
Scissor- to cut materials Scissor- to cut string.
Tools and equipment needed. Cotton Twine String- used
needed in making a as hook in your product.
Coconut shell craft and TOOLS AND Beads- it gives more
plastic craft EQUIPMENT MAKING attractive.
NECKLACE SHELL
CRAFT EGG CRAFT
WHAT IS SHELL? Seashells – it is used as Egg Shells- it is the main
is a hard protective pendants of your necklace material in making egg
outer layer created by an shell craft. craft.
animal that lives in the Breads- it is optional to Art Materials- a substance
sea. used. It gives something used as creating a project
WHAT IS SHELL CRAFT more attractive. or decorate a surface. It
is the craft of Screw Driver- it is used to gives color to your craft.
making decorative objects drill or hole the seashells. Scissor- to cut needed
or decorating surface Scissor- to cut string. materials.
using sea shells Cotton Twine String- it is
EXAMPLES OF SHELL used as lace of your
CRAFTS necklace shell craft. Tools and Equipment
 Shell Necklace
use for leather, wood
 Seashell Earrings
and upholstery craft
 Seashell Bouquet
 Seashell Candle
About Leather, Wood
 Seashell Frame
Crafting, and Upholstery
 Seashell Vase
Leather crafting, is the
 Seashell Trays CRAFT ON ANIMALS BY- practice of making leather
 Seashell Wind PRODUCTS into practical objects or
Chimes WHAT ARE BY- artwork, using molding,
 Seashell Anklet PRODUCTS? dyeing, carving, stamping,
 Seashell Mirror  means an and fabrication techniques
ancillary Wood Crafting, is
TOOLS AND product or skill and practice in
EQUIPMENT NEEDED IN secondary anything relating to
MAKING MIRROR SHELL result of a the woods especially in
CRAFT primary maintaining oneself and
process. It is a making one's way in the
Seashells or Shells- it is product created woods
the main materials used in through the Upholstery provides
making shell craft. process of furniture, especially seats,
Framed Mirror- it is the something else with padding, springs,
based used in making or from an webbing, and fabric or
shell craft. offshoot of the leather covers.
Adhesive or Stick Glue- original product
it is used to glue the
LEATHER
seashells. EXAMPLES OF BY-
An awl is a tool with a
Clay- used to hold PRODUCTS
metal point used for
seashells.  BONE
marking, piercing,
Glue Gun- hot glue gun  SKIN
punching, or sewing
are portable devices utilize  EGGSHELLS
leather.
and dispense hot melt  FEATHERS
A beveler is a tool with a
adhesive.
metal blade that is used to
Cartoon – used to serve TOOLS AND remove the square corners
as base. EQUIPMENT NEEDED IN from the edges of leather
Coloring Materials Paint MAKING CRAFTS ON goods.
and Decorating ANIMALS BY- A burnisher is used to
Materials- a substance PRODUCTS smooth and harden the
edges of leather. It is
usually made of wood and
smooth leather through
applied friction and
pressure.
Cutting tools. There are
many different tools you
can use to cut leather, and
the right one will depend
on the project you have in
mind. You can use a strap
cutter to cut straight lines
and pull straps or a rotary
cutter to slice
A leather skiver is a metal
tool used to remove and
shave thin layers of leather
material off of the surface.
A leather maul is a
striking tool used for
stamping, tooling, setting
rivets, and more. It is
made of a head and a
handle, similar to a
hammer and mallet.
Prong tool that is used for
creating holes in leather.
They are built with equally
spaced metal points
Sewing tools you’ll need
to gather needles, thread,
and tools to hold leather
while you sew when
sewing leather.
WOOD
Chisels play a vital role in
woodworking. It is used for
carving out wood. The
outline of the design is laid
using a chisel. It helps in
making small detailed cuts
with the help of smaller
chisels. It can also help in
creating tenons, pairing,
and scraping.
Clamps are used in
almost every field of
construction such as
metalworking, welding,
carpentry, and so on. In
woodworking its
importance is immense. It
holds wood pieces in a
place to make a cut. The
clamps hold the wood
piece tightly in place to
avoid drifting while
applying force on the wood
to make a cut.
Handsaws are used in
woodworking to cut
through wood pieces or
other materials as per the
requirements. They can
make small to large cuts.
Different handsaws serve
different purposes of
cutting wood pieces. The
user gets the maximum
control over cut while
working with a handsaw
and can make precise
desired cuts.
Carpenter Square
Woodworking requires a
lot of measurements to
gain accuracy. A slight
mismeasurement might
lead to a huge crisis.
That’s why the carpenter’s
square always needs to be
there on a woodworker’s
workbench. It is used to
measure the lines and
angles to make the perfect
cut.
The level is used in
woodworking to examine
the accuracy of the
alignment of woods. Not
only the wood pieces, the
blade of the saw, the
worktable, and the
designated wood piece all
have to be aligned
precisely to obtain flawless
cuts. The level is used for
checking all those
arrangements.
The measuring tape is
the most common
measuring tool used for
measuring the length of
the wood and cuts in
woodworking. It is used in
everyday work for
delivering precise
measurements.
The main purpose of a
sander is to make wood
surfaces smooth. The
edge and the exposed
layer of wood remain
uneven and rough while
working on it. The wood
sander is used to work
over these rough surfaces
to make them smooth and
flat.
The power drills are
generally used for drilling
holes in wood pieces.
Depending on the drilling
bit, the hole can be of
varying size and shape. It
is also used for screwing
fasteners.
The claw hammer is used
in woodworking to take out
nails from wood pieces.
The claw of the hammer is
very useful for this
purpose. By inserting the
claw into the nail’s head,
the hammer is used to pull
the nail out forming a
lever. It makes the task a
lot easier.
UPHOLSTERY
Staple remover or Tack
lifter.
Ideal for lifting tacks or
staples from chairs without
damaging the frame.
Heavy-duty stapler. Used
for uncomplicated, short-
term upholstery projects
when fixing material to
frames.
Flexible fabric tape
measure. Used for
measuring chair parts,
some of which may be
curved and require precise
measurements. Also used
for measuring upholstery
fabric, webbing, welting,
etc.
Shears. Heavy-duty
scissors or shears carry
extra weight in the blade
which reduces hand
fatigue and cramping in
extended periods of use.
16″ Straight needle. Used
for button tufting and is
most useful when you
need to go straight through
layers of material, foam, or
batting.
Regulator. Used in a
variety of functions, from
moving stuffing around to
detailing piping. One end
is a sharp round point
while the other is flattened
to give better grip and
leverage while easing the
stress on the hand.

Upholstery pins and T

pins. Used to hold fabric
for machine or hand
sewing or tacking

Curved Needles. Used for

hand stitching, blind
stitching and finishing work
for creating hidden seams.
Rubber mallet. Used for
tapping rails or frames,
punching grommet holes
and snapping fasteners
without damaging your
material or chair frame.
Cordless drill. Used to
remove and replace
screws efficiently. A set of
15 to 18 drill bits should
allow you to tackle most
jobs.
Sandpaper. Use to
remove material from
surfaces or to make them
smoother in preparation
for painting or staining.
Use in conjunction with
steel wool for best results.
Chisel. Used to pry
stripping fabric that’s been
applied with back-tacking
strips or cardboard.
G-clamp. Useful for
securing frame repairs. It’s
like having a really strong
pair of hands.