10

English
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Observing the Language of
Research, Campaigns, and
Advocacies
Subject – Grade Level
Quarter 2 – Module 1: Observing the Language of Research, Campaigns, and
Advocacies
First Edition, 2020

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 10

English
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Observing the Language of
Research, Campaigns, and
Advocacies
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the English Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module

on Observing the Language of Research, Campaigns, and Advocacies.

The activities in this module are arranged sequentially to help the learners

understand the topic and develop the desired skill or learning competency.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this

module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them

to manage their own learning.

Remind the learner that if there are things, he or she does not understand,

he or she must not hesitate to call for your help and assistance.

For the learner:

Welcome to the English Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module

on Observing the Language of Research, Campaigns, and Advocacies.

The activities in this module are arranged sequentially to help you

understand the topic and develop the desired skill or learning competency.

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own learning.

Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities in the module. If

there are things you do not understand, do not hesitate to call your facilitator or

teacher for assistance.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the

exercises.

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 2. Do not forget to answer Let us Try before moving on to the other

activities in the module.

3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your

answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with

it.

We hope that you will find meaningful learning as you go through the

different activities in this module.

Let Us Learn
Great day to you dear learner! In this module you will be learning the

language used in research, campaigns, and advocacies while gradually exploring

the fun and exciting experience of brainstorming on the similarities and differences

of the three causes. This module will basically help you become a master of

creating your own campaigns and advocacies including the initial processes in

doing research.

Being able to observe the unique usage of language in research, campaigns,

and advocacies will advance you to a wider scope of learning. As you progress from

one phase to another, you will be able to unlock a lot of new concepts which will be

added to your chest of knowledge. May you find significant learning experiences

and joy from this module. Let us start the fun and learning now.

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After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. recognize the characteristics of research, campaigns, and advocacies;

2. explain the difference of the three different causes in terms of how it is crafted;

and

3. observe the language of research, campaigns, and advocacies.

Let Us Try
Before proceeding to more challenging activities, let us see how well you

know about some important key ideas that you will soon be acquainted with.

PRE-TEST

MODULE 1

Directions: Read the following questions or statements below and write the letter

of your choice on a separate sheet.

1. This is a research term which is prejudice in favor of or against one thing,

person, or group, usually in a way considered to be unfair.

A. bias

B. validity

C. reliability

D. credibility

2. This is a dynamic process with combined actions like lobbying in power and

building public support for change.

A. lobbying

B. research

C. advocacy

D. campaign

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3. It is an organized and systematic method of finding answers to questions.

A. lobbying

B. research

C. advocacy

D. campaign

4. This is the degree to which an instrument in research gives the same results

each time that it is used.

A. bias

B. validity

C. reliability

D. credibility

5. This refers to an action that aims to change attitudes, policies, and

practices.

A. lobbying

B. research

C. advocacy

D. campaign

6. In research, this refers to the method in measuring accurately what it

intends to measure.

A. bias

B. validity

C. reliability

D. credibility

7. This refers to the extent to which a research account is believable and

appropriate.

A. bias

B. validity

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 C. reliability

D. credibility

8. If you want to know the preferred internet provider of the consumers, which

process should you undergo?

A. lobbying

B. research

C. advocacy

D. campaign

9. It is a set of advocacy, communications, and mobilization activities.

A. lobbying

B. research

C. advocacy

D. campaign

For Item Nos. 10-15 - Read the scenarios and answer the questions that follow.

Mr. Alvarez spearheads an organization which aims to promote equal rights for

children living in marginalized areas in Mindanao. To realize his cause, he wishes to

collaborate with children, civil society organizations, government agencies, and private

sectors to share knowledge, influence others and build capacity to ensure children’s

rights are met.

10. Which statement best describes the situation? Mr. Alvarez .

A. wants to become the president of the organization

B. tries to get support from other organizations for monetary gain

C. has a plan that attempts to influence other people and stakeholders

D. wants to know about the causes of poverty in the marginalized areas in

Mindanao

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 Mrs. Lagman, a retired teacher, has always been an advocate of pursuing

accessible education in all remote areas in the country. As a way of making it more

possible, she wants to run for a position as a senator.

11. Which of these processes should Mrs. Lagman do? She should .

A. run an advocacy

B. conduct a research

C. teach children in the remote areas

D. campaign to convince people to vote her

12. What kind of bias is shown in this situation?

A group of researchers decided to conduct a research on the effects of mining in

the country. In their study, they presented all the positive effects without giving even a

little information on some of its negative effects.

A. omission

B. intentional

C. exaggeration

D. biased sample

13. What kind of bias is shown in this situation?

During the conduct of the research in the situation presented above, the

researchers asked people who work in the mining industry, including the family

members of the workers.

A. omission

B. intentional

C. exaggeration

D. biased sample

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14. Do you agree that the scenario below manifests a campaign process?

Mr. Reyes supports children who are cancer survivors. In this cause, he

manages to connect with different private sectors and Local Government Units to create

programs aimed at ensuring that the children in the shelter are given enough support to

continue living their lives as comfortable as it should be.

A. No, it does not manifest campaign since he presents his advocacy with

his stakeholders.

B. No, it does not manifest campaign since the private sectors and LGUs do

not agree yet to his plan.

C. Yes, it is a form of campaign since he engages himself with the public to

gain support for his project.

D. Yes, it is a form of campaign since he spearheads the creation of the

programs for the children.

15. Is this scenario a form of advocacy?

A famous actress endorses her bet for the Presidential Elections and

encourages her fans to give their all-out support for the candidate.

A. True

B. False

Let Us Study
It is important that you are guided with the essential information that

you will be needing in doing the activities.

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 Activity 1: How Well Do You Know?

Directions: Read closely the following scenarios and answer the question based

on the number of words required.

You are a member of the Supreme Student Government (SSG) in your school. As
the school year progresses, your organization is expected to initiate programs that
benefit the stakeholders and most especially, the students. You are tasked by the SSG
Moderator to present a plan to the members of the organization.

1. What would be your project proposal? Why is it important? How will

students benefit from it? (50 words)

__
__
__
_ __

As a Grade 10 student, you realized that you, your classmates, and even
schoolmates have confusion on what strand in the Senior High School you would take
up. As a concerned student, you would like to clarify this dilemma. Together with your
friends, you plan to gather information about the most suitable SHS strand for you.

2. How will you collect information and who will be your respondents? Explain

why. (50 words)

__
__
__
__

Based on the previous activity, you can observe that it revolves around the

process of identification of causes that benefit a certain group of marginalized

people and doing actions to put your cause into realization. There is actually more

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 to that and you will be acquainted with it. There are various processes involved and

they all possess different characteristics as to how they are done. Today, we will

discuss about those and add more information to our chest of knowledge.

Research

According to Kothari (2006), “Research is a pursuit of trust with the help of study, observation, comparison and
Meaning of research according to various scholars/ Authors. (2020). Retrieved 1 October 2020, from

Here are the things that you must take into consideration in doing a research:

1. Bias – This is when only one side of a discussion is presented. This can be in

a form of primary sources such as interview transcripts, statistical data, and

works of art or secondary sources which include journal articles, reviews,

and academic books.

Kinds of Bias

a. Intentional - This occurs when a person or group deliberately alters data to

change the results of an experiment or study. This type of bias influences

the information gathered to go in a certain and predetermined direction.

Example: A politician who is very vocal about his support for a certain field

such as the mining industry and turns out that he/she has something to gain

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from it. Therefore, he/she would try to influence the public that mining is,

indeed, a very good move to boost the economy.

b. Exaggeration - This takes place when a certain individual or group tries to

overemphasize the positive or negative effects of the subject being studied.

Example: The politician pointing out the great impact of the mining industry

and the number of jobs that it created for the people. In other words,

statements are overly expressed.

c. Omission - This bias happens when there are information or views that are

not presented in the data provided.

Example: The politician not pointing out the possible environmental issues that

are brought about by illegal mining.

d. Biased Sample - This occurs when the respondents for a certain survey or

process of data gathering belong to the population that mainly gains

something from the subject of the study.

Example: The politician said in his article that according to his survey, 95% of

the respondents agreed that mining has a positive effect on the economy.

However, the politician chose those people working in the mining industry. In

this case, we can expect that the response will surely be in favor of the mining

industry since it is in that industry where the respondents earn from.

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2. Reliability - This refers to whether or not you get the same answer by using

an instrument to measure something more than once. In simple terms,

research reliability is the degree to which research method produces stable

and consistent results.

Example: Employees of ABC Company may be asked to complete the same

questionnaire about employee job satisfaction two times with an interval of one

week, so that test results can be compared to assess stability of scores.

3. Validity - Research validity in surveys relates to the extent at which the

survey measures right elements that need to be measured. In simple terms,

validity refers to how well an instrument is as it measures what it is

intended to measure.

Example: If a weight measuring scale is wrong by 4kg (it deducts 4 kg of the

actual weight), it can be specified as reliable, because the scale displays the

same weight every time we measure a specific item. However, the scale is not

valid because it does not display the actual weight of the item.

4. Credibility – This is involved in establishing that the results of the research

are believable. This is a classic example of ‘quality not quantity’. It depends

more on the richness of the information gathered, rather than the amount of

data gathered.

Shattock, A. (2016). The Language of Research: Validity, Reliability, Credibility and Bias. Retrieved 1 October 2020,
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mivr_TwxmLQ&t=580s

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 Advocacy

This is a carefully considered, planned process to influence multiple stakeholders to achieve specified outco
groups before those who have the power to make or influence change.

Example: Miss Universe 2018, Catriona Gray, tapped a non-government organization called “Young Focu
Advocacy and Campaigning. (2020). Retrieve

Campaign

A campaign is a planned project over a given period of time to achieve

specific advocacy goals. Therefore, campaigning can be seen as the process of

advancing advocacy. Campaigning does not necessarily mean engaging with the

public, some campaigning may use an ‘insider’ approach, engaging solely with

decision makers and their immediate advisors. The process of engaging with the

public to generate and/or mobilize support for an advocacy campaign may be

called ‘public campaigning’ as contrasted with the one-on-one approach of engaging

directly with decision makers.

Example: Catriona Gray joined Miss Universe 2018 to influence a larger scope of

people in supporting her advocacy to provide free and accessible education to

Filipino children through the “Young Focus Philippines” organization.

Advocacy and Campaigning. (2020). Retrieved 1 October 2020, from

http://worldblindunion.org/English/resources/Documents/Advocacy

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Here are some excerpts of how research, advocacies, campaigns are presented:

RESEARCH

Matthew: A pleasant morning to you all! Today we will be discussing the

research we have done regarding the effects of athletics on the academic
performances and behaviors of high school Judenites.
Dyane: Now, it is fair to wonder why we have chosen this particular topic to
deal with, and here is the answer. First of all, it is undeniable that for years,
there has been an ongoing battle between sports and academics. It seems as
though most people think that one cannot excel at both; it’s either you’re
smart, or you’re athletic. Based on conducted studies, though, it can be seen
that it is indeed possible for a student to find success in both fields.
Marc: To express our views in a clearer manner, we created this visual
representation. We believe that it takes all these – time management,
commitment, discipline, a positive attitude, self-confidence, and focus – to
achieve success. These are all skills and values that are constantly applied in
sports, and if they were to be used outside of that aspect, they could be
further enhanced and would likely prove to be a great help to any student.
Matthew: Now that we are familiar with the background of the study, we can
move on to supporting it. There are a lot of other researchers who have dived
into this topic before, and the results of their studies were helpful in supplying
us with thoughts on how to improve our research. They also gave us an idea
of the outcome we were to expect.
Marc: Coakley and Meyers found that interscholastic athletes do indeed rise
over the non-athletes with their higher grades and better attitudes towards
schoolwork. Rosenthal discovered that their activeness tends to help them
focus and use their skills efficiently. This suggestion was seconded by Seder
when he noticed that student athletes usually develop better study habits
than other students.
Matthew: After reading up on related literature and studies, it was then our
turn to design our own research and determine how we will go about it. We
classified the variables present in the study, accordingly, ending up with
students and athletics as the independent variables and the effects as the
dependent variable.
Marc: There are to be interviews with the students as well as their teachers
and parents. That way, we will be able to determine the perspectives that
students have on sports while discovering more about their performances and
attitudes both at home and in school.
Dyane: We are hopeful that the results will be able to contribute to the
empowerment of students, as they will help determine the things that are
worth paying attention to. People will become more aware of the dilemma that
teenagers are facing, and it gives the latter a chance to be understood and not
just be forced into making decisions.
ADVOCACY https://www.academia.edu/7979301/Script_for_Oral_Defense_in_Research_Proposal

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 The United Nations International Relations team, with offices in New
York City and Geneva, strives for greater participation of people living in
poverty in the work of the United Nations. Our team advocates for increased
recognition of people in poverty as agents of change and producers of
meaningful knowledge. By collaborating with UN Agencies, working directly
with member states, and partnering with civil society organizations, the UN
team influences the development of policies, programs, and agendas that
affect communities living in poverty around the world. Our policy priorities,
shaped by the UN Guiding Principles on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights
are:

 poverty eradication

 effective social protection

 provision of employment and decent work

 universal good governance

 participatory monitoring and accountability

To this end, the New York UN team engages in a range of interventions
including writing and disseminating position papers, speaking on panels,
serving as discussion moderators, and hosting informal dialogues. These
efforts focus on constructive networking and collaboration toward a more just
and dignified future for all.
https://www.atd-fourthworld.org/international-advocacy/united-nations/

CAMPAIGN

Mandela: Speech for The Campaign to End Poverty

I am privileged to be here today at the invitation of The Campaign to Make
Poverty History. As you know, I recently formally announced my retirement
from public life and should really not be here. However, as long as poverty,
injustice and gross inequality persist in our world, none of us can truly rest.
Massive poverty and obscene inequality are such terrible scourges of our
times - times in which the world boasts breathtaking advances in science,
technology, industry and wealth accumulation - that they have to rank
alongside slavery and apartheid as social evils. The Global Campaign for
Action Against Poverty can take its place as a public movement alongside the
movement to abolish slavery and the international solidarity against
apartheid. And I can never thank the people of Britain enough for their
support through those days of the struggle against apartheid. Many stood in
solidarity with us, just a few yards from this spot. Through your will and
passion, you assisted in consigning that evil system forever to history. But in
this new century, millions of people in the world's poorest countries remain
imprisoned, enslaved, and in chains.

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 I am proud to wear the symbol of this global call to action in 2005. This
white band is from my country. In a moment, I want to give this band to you -
young people of Britain - and ask you to take it forward along with millions of
others to the G8 summit in July. I entrust it to you. I will be watching with
anticipation. We thank you for coming here today. Thank you!
An Excerpt from https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0502/S00206/mandela-speech-for-the-campaign-to-end-
poverty.htm

Let Us Practice
Series of activities will help you master the important skill of observing

the language of research, campaigns, and advocacies.

Activity 2: Voice It Out!

Directions: Read and understand the questions and provide a solution to the given

problem.

1. If you were to research about a social issue, what would it be? Why is it

necessary?

2. What can you do about the social issue that you have chosen in the previous

question? Can you help solve it?

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 3. In what particular way can you successfully inform people about that?

Activity 3: Pictures That Tell

Directions: Analyze the pictures below and give your inferences by answering the

questions that follow.

ILLUSTRATION 1

Pray J 2010, Campaigning, Illustration on by John Pray, www.skipandcal.net/comics

1. What does the picture depict? Is it a form of research, campaign, or

advocacy?

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 ILLUSTRATION 2

Rathod S 2015, Illustration by Shreya Rathod, https://www.bms.co.in

2. What does the picture depict? Is it a form of research, campaign, or

advocacy?

Activity 4: What’s Your Point?

Directions: Based on your answers in the previous activity, compare and contrast

the characteristics of the presented illustrations using the Venn Diagram below.

Write the differences on both sides while the similarities in the middle.
ILLUSTRATION 1 ILLUSTRATION 2

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Note: Just by doing this activity, you now have a clearer picture of how different it is when a person advocat

Let Us Practice More

These activities will help you realize your future plans by putting it into

action.

Activity 5: If I Do…

Directions: Complete the phrase “If I do…” with only one of these choices: (a) a

research, (b) make a campaign, and (c) create an advocacy followed by the phrase, “I

will…” until you finish your personal plan.

Ex: If I do a research, I will focus on the effects of social media to

teenagers because this is a very timely issue that has to be addressed to

guide parents, teachers, guardians and most especially the teenagers

themselves.

Your Personal Plan

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 Let Us Remember
To ensure that you have learned the concept, you will be given a “splash”

of the key words from the lesson.

Activity 6: Word Splash

Direction: Write few meaningful sentences to summarize your learning about these

words.

1.

RELIABILITY

2.

INFLUENCE

3.

PROJECT

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 Let Us Assess
Let’s check how much you understood the concepts provided.

Directions: Read and understand the statements and questions below. Choose

the best answer.

1. This is a carefully considered, planned process to influence multiple

stakeholders to achieve specified outcomes.

A. lobbying

B. research

C. campaign

D. advocacy

2. This is the search for knowledge through objective and systematic method of

finding solutions to a problem.

A. lobbying

B. research

C. campaign

D. advocacy

3. This is a planned project over a given period of time to achieve specific goals.

A. lobbying

B. research

C. campaign

D. advocacy

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4. Having a closed meeting with different stakeholders to present your cause is

an example of:

A. lobbying

B. research

C. campaign

D. advocacy

5. This bias happens when there is information that is not included in the actual

data.

A. omission

B. intentional

C. exaggeration

D. biased sample

6. What makes advocacy and campaign different from each other?

A. Campaigning and advocacy are not interrelated.

B. Campaigning is the process of advancing advocacy.

C. An advocacy can push through without campaigning.

D. Advocacy is the process of putting a campaign into action.

7. Medical practitioners are aiming to conduct a study on the psychological

effects of COVID-19 to the people of Davao City. They intend to have the

survey once a week for a month to test if there is stability in the response of

the people. Which aspect in research is being emphasized in the situation?

A. bias

B. validity

C. reliability

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 D. credibility

8. A group of researchers, before handing out the questionnaires to the

respondents, gave information on the negative effects of social media which

is actually included in their study. What is being manifested in the

situation?

A. It only shows that the researchers are well-prepared.

B. The researchers want to break the ice before starting the survey.

C. It is good that the respondents are given information about the issue.

D. The researchers wanted to influence the respondents of their answers.

9. Based on the situation in item 8, what element of research is observed?

A. bias

B. validity

C. credibility

D. reliability

10. Which of the following statements is true about campaign?

A. Without advocacy, campaigning is still possible.

B. Campaigning is exclusively engaging with one person.

C. The process of campaigning can be done through engagement with the

public and directly with decision makers.

D. Campaigning is the process of representing the needs and interests of

disadvantaged and marginalized group of people.

11.A group of researchers used a set of questions which do not apply to the

respondents at all. What element of research is violated?

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 A. bias

B. validity

C. credibility

D. reliability

12. Which among the statements is correct?

A. An advocacy is pushed for personal gain.

B. An advocacy does not need any external help.

C. Campaigning should be done first before coming up with an advocacy.

D. Campaigning is most likely going to be successful when fueled with an

advocacy.

13. A group of researchers overemphasized their statement about the negative

effects of using gadgets among teenagers. What bias is committed?

A. omission

B. intentional

C. exaggeration

D. biased sample

14. The head researcher of the study on the impact of El Niño among the farmers

of Davao del Sur wanted to make sure that all the respondents are the

farmers themselves. In this situation, which element of research is being

applied by the head researcher?

A. bias

B. validity

C. reliability

D. credibility

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 15.A survey on the most delicious milk tea in town is being conducted by a group

of researchers and their respondents are workers from a certain milk tea shop.

What bias is committed?

A. omission

B. intentional

C. exaggeration

D. biased sample

Let Us Enhance
In this activity, your artistic side will be exhibited.

Directions: Inside the box, draw an artwork that shows the connection of the

language of research, campaigns, and advocacies in the way that you visualize it.

Be guided by the rubric provided as to how your work will be rated.

24

Content
Poster contains
appropriate items and
information (information is
appropriate to assigned
topic).
5 4 3 2 1
Content is accurate Content is accurate Content is accurate Content is either Content is
and all required but some required but some required questionable or inaccurate.
information is information is information is incomplete. Information is
presented in a logical missing and/or not missing and/or not Information is not incomplete,
order. presented in a logical presented in a logical presented in a inaccurate, or not
order, but is still order, making it logical order, presented in a logical
generally easy to difficult to follow. making it difficult to order, making it
follow. follow. difficult to follow.

Presentation Presentation is neat, Presentation is mostly Presentation flows Presentation is Presentation has no
clean, well- organized neat and clean. well. Some tools are unorganized. Tools flow. Insufficient
Poster is clean, neat, and and presented in a Information is used to show are not used in a information.
creative. The information creative way. organized in a logical acceptable relevant manner.
is well organized, manner and shows understanding. Lacking some of the
interesting, accurate, and Presentation is colorful some degree of members’
reflects an understanding and creative. creativity. The overall Each member’s information/ and or
of the topic. Information is presentation is information is information is not
interesting and interesting. represented and identified
accurate. identified with
their name.

Artwork The drawn artwork is The drawn artwork is The artwork is The artwork shows No images or artwork
colorful, and mostly colorful and colorful and little, if any, included.
The drawn artwork is appropriate to the appropriate. Layout appropriate. The creativity. The
colorful and appropriate to topic. Layout flows may show some degree layout shows little layout is messy,
the assigned topic. The well, shows creativity, of creativity but is not creativity and/or is disorganized or
layout flows well and and is pleasing to the organized logically not organized cluttered.
shows creativity. The eye. and/or is cluttered. logically or cluttered.
overall result is pleasing to
the eye.

Mechanics
Spelling, grammar, and
punctuation in any text on
the poster is accurate.
No spelling, grammar, A few (2-3) errors in No more than 5 No more than 7 More than 7 spelling,
or punctuation errors spelling, grammar or spelling, grammar or spelling, grammar grammar or
in the text. Text is in punctuation. Most punctuation errors. or punctuation punctuation errors.
the student’s own text is in student’s Several instances errors. Most of text Text is copied or not
words. own words. where the text is not is not in authors’ included.
in student’s own own words and/or
words. no text included.

TOTAL /20

Let Us Reflect
As you have finally completed this module on “Observing the Language of

Research, Campaigns, and Advocacies”, it is undeniably evident that you are now

familiar of the three important processes of doing research, running an advocacy,

and campaigning. All the activities that you have done will surely impact your

future endeavors as a Grade 10 learner. If you come across some interesting ideas

that you wish to find answers about, surely, you can conduct your own research

and remember the important things to consider in doing such. If you wish to

25
initiate in doing change in the society in your little ways, you can come up with

your own advocacy and make it more dynamic by fueling it up with campaign.

Learning the language of research, campaigns, and advocacies will open new

doors for you as you reach a higher level of learning. These things will give you an

edge towards understanding what our whole existence as human beings really all is

about – finding our purpose.

Thus, let us always be inspired ang do our best in everything that we do, for

at the end of the day, we will all reap what we sow.

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 Answer Key to Activities

PRE-TEST

Activity 1: How Well Do You Know?

27
Activity 2: Voice It Out

Activity 3: Pictures That Tell

28
Activity 4: What’s Your Point?

Activity 5: If I Do…

29
Activity 6: Word Splash

ASSESSMENT

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 References

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