Republic of the Philippines

Polytechnic University of the Philippines

CABIAO Campus
Cabiao, Nueva Ecija 3107

3. Science, Technology
and Nation Building
Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque
Science Instructor
INTRODUCTION
SCIENCE:
- intellectual and practical activity encompassing
the systematic study of the structure and behavior of
the physical and natural world through observation and
experiment.

STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque

INTRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY:
- application of
scientific knowledge for
practical purposes
- the use of resources
made available by nature
to procreate and make
changes

STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque

3.1 S & T Defined
a) Pre-Spanish Occupation
b) Spanish Occupation
c) American Occupation
d) Post-World War II Era
e) Marcos – Duterte Administration

STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque

3.1 Brief Historical Background of
Science and Technology in the
Philippines
a) Pre-Spanish Occupation
b) Spanish Occupation
c) American Occupation
d) Post-World War II Era

STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque

3.1a Pre-Spanish Occupation

STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque

3.1a Pre-Spanish Occupation
- agriculture
 food production
 soil preparation
 medicinal plants

STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque

3.1a Pre-Spanish Occupation

STS: Unit I (Chapter 4) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque

3.1a Pre-Spanish Occupation
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM:
- parents & older folks
- topics/scopes are interwoven with
their culture & environment
 classification:
- plant & animal
- soil

STS: Unit I (Chapter 4) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque

3.1a Pre-Spanish Occupation
 preserving & selecting of
good seeds for planting
 yards planted with fruits
& vegetables
 building local irrigation
system
 production of wines &
juices
 food preservation
STS: Unit I (Chapter 4) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque
3.1a Pre-Spanish Occupation
- technology
 houses
 irrigation
 weapons
 tools that can be
used in everyday life

STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque

3.1b Spanish Occupation
- formal sci. & tech.
 exclusive school
- science
 human body
 plants & animals
 heavenly bodies
 medicine & advance science
- technology
 house tools development
STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque
3.1b Spanish Occupation
- engineering
 government buildings
 churches
 roads
 bridges
 forts
- medicine & pharmacy
- meteoroligical studies
 Manila Observatory
Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque
STS: Unit I (Chapter 2)
3.1b Spanish Occupation
- life become modernized
 replication of technology from the West using
indigenous materials
- Galleon trade
 ideas
 crops
 tools
 cultural practices
 technology
STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque
3.1b Spanish Occupation
- Filipino students who studied abroad contributed to
the advancement of:
 medicine
 arts
 music
 engineering
 literature
- Center of trade on SE Asia
- Laboratorio Municipal (1888)
STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque
3.1b Spanish Occupation
- superstitious belief
- Catholic doctrines & practices

STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque

3.1c American Occupation
- public education system
- improvement in:
 communication
 health conditions
 engineering works
- mineral resources

STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque

3.1c American Occupation
- Basic ed. of science
 nature studies
 sanitation
 science formally
established as a “subject”
- Researches
 TB
 malaria
 cholera
STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque
3.1c American Occupation
- inclined towards:
 agriculture
 forestry
 food processing

- provided stronger foundation for the country’s sci. &

tech.
 American scholars
 Protestant church
STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque
3.1c American Occupation
- Bureau of Government Laboratories (1901)
- Bureau of Science (1905)
 National Research Council of the
Philippines (1933)
- Institute of Science (1946)
- National Science Development Board (Science Act
of 1958)

STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque

3.1d Post World War II Era
- destabilized growth & development
 capacity to get back is limited
- reparation money
- ODA: Overseas Development
Allocation
 improvement in scientific
productivity & technological capability

STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque

3.1e Marcos Era & Martial Law
- Philippine Atomic Energy
Commission

- Philippine Institute for

Agricultural Research

STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque

3.1e Marcos Era & Martial Law
- Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical and Astronomical
Services Administration

- Philippine National Oil Company

- NAST

STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque

3.1e Marcos Era & Martial Law
- Philippine Council for Agricultural Research and
Resources

- Bureau of Forest Products

STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque

3.1e Marcos Era & Martial Law
- Institute of Plant
Breeding

STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque

3.1e Marcos Era & Martial Law
- National Committee on
Geological Sciences

- NSDB  National Science

and Technology Authority

- Expansion of Pisay Campuses at the Visayas and

Mindanao
STS: Unit I (Chapter 2) Reyes, VinCENT Paul Roque