Aristotle Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath

first to conduct empirical studies, which is what modern science is

based on

Intellectual Revolution Period where paradigm shifts occurred and where scientific beliefs
that have been widely embraced and accepted by the people were
challenged and opposed.

Copernicus Father of Modern Astronomy; Astronomer and mathematician;

HELIOCENTRIC MODEL

Claudius Ptolemy GEOCENTRIC MODEL

published in 1543 His book, Concerning the Revolutions of the Celestial Worlds.

Johannes Kepler brilliant mathematician who had a mystical vision of the

mathematical perfection of the universe that owed a great deal to
the ancient Greek mathematician Pythagoras

Tyco Brahe Danish astronomer, known for his comprehensive and

unprecedentedly accurate astronomical observations.

Galileo Galilei Italian natural philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who

made fundamental contributions to the sciences of motion,
astronomy, and strength of materials and to the development of the
scientific method.

Invented the telescope

1611 The Starry Messenger

1632 Dialogue on the Great World Systems

Isaac Newton greatest English mathematician of his generation

Newton’s Laws of
Motion

1st Law A body in motion remains in motion or a body at rest remains at

rest, unless acted upon by a force.

2nd Law Force equals mass times acceleration: F = m*a

3rd Law For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

1687 Principia Mathematica - book

Charles Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for
his contributions to evolutionary biology.
 proponent of Theory of evolution

1859 The Origin of Species - book

William Paley best known for his natural theology

Sigmund Freud Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis

The Father of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis
(structure of personality)

Id 1st to develop; basic instinct (seeking pleasure, avoiding pain and

suffering)

Ego Reality principle; Mostly in the conscious, partly unconscious.

Superego Moral principle; conscience; Ego ideal (what and how we want to
be); born in the conscious and unconscious.

1. Astronomy MAYAN:
2. Celestial Bodies
3. Calendar
System
4. Hydraulic
Systems
5. Cocoa Beans

1. Road paved with INCA:

stones
2. Stone Buildings
3. Irrigation System
4. Calendar with 12
months

1. Mandatory AZTEC:
Education
2. Chocolates

Manufacture of rubbers One of the earliest inventions, documented by the use of rubber
ball in the ball game tlachtli

Architecture in Maya Were the first to use pitched ceilings in their buildings after the
invention of the corbelled vault

Compass China:
Gunpowder
Paper making
East asia countries Traditionally strong in hardware-driven innovations: Japan, South
Korea, Taiwan, and China are home to powerhouses like Sony,
Samsung, and Lenovo. These countries make close to 90% of the
world’s digital gadgets.

Shinkansen Japan:
Washlet
Electric rice cooker

Taiwan Well-known ICT manufacturing hub due to its strong ICT industry
base, robust semiconductor manufacturing clusters, and advanced
manufacturing capacity; world’s leading producers of information
and communication technology products

Mesopotamia Its modern name comes from the Greek words which means
(middle) (river) and literally means a "country between two rivers."
Those two rivers are the Tigris and Euphrates.

Iraq the land "between the rivers" in modern-day ____—was home to

the ancient Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians.

Egypt Excelled in such sciences as medicine, engineering, and surveying

Their technology included the ability to build large construction

projects such as pyramids and palaces, simple machines such as
ramps and levers, and a complex system of government and
religion.

Agronomy Brand of agricultural science that deals with the study of crops by
and the solid in which they grow

Metallurgy Limited data available and this begun with copper and iron around
or before 800 bce

Pre-Spanish Period Filipinos were engage in activities and practices related to

science forming the primitive of first wave technology.

how to extract medicine from herbs; They had alphabet, a system

of writing; A method of counting and weights and measure; No
calendar just lunar calendar; BANAUE RICE TERRACES

Spanish Period established schools, hospitals and started scientific research;

Advance agriculture; Biology; Galleon Trade

American Period establishment of Bureau of Government laboratories was made in

July 1,1901; Established the NRCP in 1993
(Philippine problem with regards to science and technology):
● lack of basic information
● no support
● minimal budget
 ● and low compensation

Ferdinand Marcos The role of S & T in National development was emphasized; He

mandated the DECS now DEPED, to promote science courses in
public high schools; He proclaimed the 35- hectare lot in Bicutan,
Taguig as the Philippine Science Community, now the site of
DOST. He assigned the Philippine coconut research Institute
(PHILCORIN) to promote the modernization of the coconut
Industry; Philippine science High schools in Mindanao and VIsayas
campuses were established.

Corazon Aquino In 1986, NSTA (national S & T Authority) was renamed

DOST; The Science and Technology Master Plan - one of the
major role of DOST. Aims to produce technology in a production
sector, to improve research activities and develop infrastructure
that will help in terms of S&T.

PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric and Geophysical and Astronomical

Services Administration

PHIVOLCS Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

PSHS The Philippine Science High School System

STII Science and technology Information Institute

SEI Science Education Institute

TAPI Technology Application and Promotion institute

TRC technology Resource Center

FIDEL RAMOS The Philippines had approximately 3,000 competent scientists and
engineers; Doctors to the Barrio Programs - made healthcare
accessible even in far-flung areas; National programs for gifted
Filipino children in Science and technology - created for HS
students who wanted to major in Science and Engineering in
college.

RA 7687 S&T Scholarship Act of 1994

RA 7459 Inventors & inventions Incentives Act

RA 8293 The intellectual property code of the Philippines

JOSEPH ESTRADA He was also responsible for implementing cost - effective

irrigation technologies and providing technologies and
providing basic health care services for those who could
not afford.
RA 8749 Clean Air Act of 1999

RA 8792 Electronic COmmerce Act of 2000 were both signed and mandated
during his term

GLORIA MACAPAGAL S&T sector were developed to strengthen the education system &
ARROYO to address poverty; FILIPINNOVATION was coined to refer the
philippines as an innovation hub in Asia; Farmers were encouraged
to use rice that can withstand environmental hazards.

Promulgated RA 9367 BIO FUEL ACT - to utilize indigenous materials as a source of

energy.

RA 10601- Agriculture and fisheries mechanization (AFMEch) LAw - was

also passed to modernized agricultural & fisheries & machinery &
equipment

BENIGNO “Noynoy” He named new national Scientist:

AQUINO III 1. Gavino C. Trono - Marine Biology
2. Angel C. Alcala - Biological Science
3. Ramon C. Barba - Horticulture
4. Edgardo D. Gomez - Marine Biology

Gavino C. Trono Father of Kappaphycus farming; Father of Seaweed Diversity;

He was conferred the rank of National Scientist of the Philippines
for contributions to the study of tropical marine phycology, focusing
on seaweed biodiversity.

Angel Alcala Filipino scientist whose biological contributions to the environment

and ecosystems have made him a hero for natural sciences;
Marine Biology; Artificial Coral Reefs

RAMON C. BARBA Horticulturist; successful experiment on the inducement of

flowering of mango trees by spraying them with ethrel and
potassium nitrate. development of a tissue culture procedure for
the banana plant and sugar cane

Edgardo D. Gomez Filipino biologist who was conferred the rank of National Scientist
of the Philippines in 2014; was known for his contributions in the
field of marine science as a researcher, conservationist, and
educator, such as his pioneering work on coral reefs and reef
rehabilitation.

Project NOAH was established in 2012 by DOST, a more integrated and

Nationwide responsive system to deal with disasters. Initiated the K-12
Assessment of curriculum (STEM)
Hazards

PHIVOLCS has also a comprehensive collection of the detailed large-scale maps that
come up with the Valley can help people identify if their homes are near the VFS.
Fault System
Atlas (VFSA)

RODRIGO DUTERTE S&T sector is seen to be a priority based on the budget for
Research and Development(R&D) that grew by nearly 6 times over
the same period (From 5 billion in 2010 to 20.8billion in 2017);
Formulation of programs & policies that will aid in shaping the
Country; The focus of DOST is to put the result of R&D and
commercialization in order to gain new intellectual properties;
Gives importance to agriculture and disaster preparedness.

PHILIPPINE SPACE which launched the DIWATA 2 in 2018 after the launch of Diwata 1
TECHNOLOGY in 2016 that displayed the Philippine flag in space.
PROGRAM

● the sectoral The DOST is composed of the following:

planning
councils
● collegial and
scientific bodies
● S&T services
and research
and
development
(R&D) institutes.

16 Regional Offices
80 Provincial S&T Centers

DOST ___ launched the Science for the People thru Administrative Order
No. 003 s. 2017.

The strategies to attain these outcomes are embodied in the DOST

Eleven Point Agenda as follows:

1. Pursue R&D to address pressing national problems.

2. Conduct R&D to enhance productivity and improve
management of resources.
3. Engage in R&D to generate and apply new knowledge and
technologies across sectors.
4. Strengthen and utilize regional R&D capabilities.
5. Maximize utilization of R&D results through technology
transfer and commercialization.

6. Develop STI human resources and build a strong STI

culture.
7. Upgrade STI facilities and capacities to advance R&D
activities and expand S&T services.
8. Expand STI assistance to communities and the production
sector, particularly MSMEs.
 9. Provide STI-based solutions for disaster risks and climate
change adaptation and mitigation.
10. Strengthen industry-academe-government and international
STI collaboration.
11. Enhance effectiveness of STI governance.

RA 10055 - the Phil Technology Transfer Act of 2009 - An Act Providing the
Framework and Support System for the Ownership, Management,
Use, and Commercialization of Intellectual Property Generated
from Research and Development funded by Government and for
other purposes.

RA 10612 Fast-Tracked S&T scholarship act of 2013 Therefore, the State

shall provide for scholarship to deserving science students and
other specially-gifted citizens to enable them to pursue higher
education or training in the areas of science, technology and
engineering, and to provide incentives for them to become
secondary school teachers especially in their home regions.

RA 11035 The Balik Scientist Program (BSP) of the Department of Science

and Technology (DOST) encourages Filipino scientists,
technologists, and experts to return to the country and share
their expertise in order to promote scientific, agro-industrial, and
economic development.

STRIDE project Science, technology, research and Innovation for development -

(STRIDE)

RICE Regional a nationwide activity that recognizes the indispensability of

Invention COntest and Filipino inventors in the landscape of national economic
Exhibits development through appropriate platforms especially under the
new normal. The invention contest gives encouragement to
inventors to showcase their inventive capability through a form of
competition for cash incentives, awards, and bragging rights.

GIA Program - grants or providing fundings for the implementation of programs

Grants-in-Aid or projects to give a sustainable economic growth for the country.
identified in DOST and support the S&T activities

CBPSME Capacity building program in Science and MAthematics Education

- DOST- SEI(Science Education Institute) expand partnership that
aims to improve the quality of science and mathematics
education in the country and to accelerate the development of
critical mass of experts in science and mathematics education

(NICER) Program The Niche Centers in the Regions for R&D

(RDLead) program The DOST-NRCP Research and Development Leadership

(Cradle) Program Collaborative Research and Development to Leverage Philippine

Economy
(BIST) Program The Business Innovation through Science and Technology

AISA MIJENO Invented the SALT (Sustainable Alternative Lighting) Lamp

RAMON C. BARBA successful experiment on the inducement of flowering of mango

trees by spraying them with ethrel and potassium nitrate.
development of a tissue culture procedure for the banana plant and
sugar cane

Fe V. Del Mundo first Asian woman admitted into Harvard; Philippines’ first female
National Scientist in 1980

Maria Y. Orosa The most notable of her food inventions, is “Soyalac,”; She was
one of the 19 scientists who were conferred awards on the
occasion of the 65th anniversary of the Institute of Science and
Technology.

She invented the “Orosa Palayok Oven”; credited with the making
of the banana ketchup; wines from native fruits, like casuy and
guava; vinegar from pineapples; banana starch; soy milk; banana
flour; cassava flour; jelly from guava, santol, mango, and other
fruits, as well as the invention of rice cookies, known as rice bran
or darak, which is effective in the treatment of patients with
beri-beri.

Angel Alcala He also made contributions for mammals and birds. From the 400
already known species of reptiles and amphibians, 50 more
species were identified due to his effort.

THE BSCS In 1959, biological sciences curriculum study (BSCS) project was
ADAPTATION launched by American Institute of Biological Science, university of
PROJECT Colorado