SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

CHAPTER 1: CONCEPTS AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS

LESSON 1: HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS WHICH CHANGED THE COURSE OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
A. History of Science and Technology in the World: Ancient, Middle, Modern Ages
ANCIENT PERIOD- is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history to as far as late
antiquity.
Human Artifacts- earliest form of science and technology, Found during Prehistoric time about 2.3 million years ago.
THE STONE
Nile Valley of Egypt -start the information on the treatment of the wounds and diseases and even of the
mathematical calculations like the shape.
300 to 400 B.C- philosophers of Greeks and other country they already wrote a topics like psychology, biology
and a host of other topic.
EUCLID-father of modern Geometry.
Archimedes-founder of engineering mechanics and calculated a value of pI.
300 B.C -Bronze Age, finding pigments used color human skin and cooper was discovered.
3500 B.C In Mesopotamia-two- wheeled carts, first development of Urbanization.

MIDDLE AGES- ( 450-1450 A.D), OFTEN CALLED DARK AGES

RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1450-1600 A.D)
LEONARDO DA VINCI-Great pioneer in arts, architecture, engineering and science,the importance of experiment.
COPERNICUS -redisdovered what some of the ancient greek had known that the SUN was the center of the solar
system and that the earth revolves around it.
MODERN ages (1600 a.d)
GALILEO-invinted TELESCOPE, first use scientific methods based on experiments
ISAAC NEWTON-born 1642, define laws of gravity, planetary motion, co-founded calculus, and explained the laws of
Light and Color.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (1760-1840)

-brought the beginning of factories built to produce goods at massive quantity.
-late 1800, invinted light bulb began to replace candles and oil lamps.
20th century-beginning of communication, electronic and computer era.
ALBERT EINSTEIN-most famous scientist of 20th century. first man went to space in a rocket, famous equation
e=mc (2) used calculus.

American Period and Post Commonwealth Era

-Progress of science and technology under the American rule
Science during American Period.
The Bureau dealt with the study of Tropical diseases and laboratory projects.
Low budget of experimental research.

Marcos Era and Martial law

Philippine Constitution, article XV, section 9
-declared that the advancement of science and technology shall have priority on national development
January 23 1967
-declared that science was necessary for the development programs
1968
Technology as a leading factor

Fifth Republic
-Science and technology’s role in economic recovery and sustained economic growth was highlighted. Science was one
of the three priorities of the government towards an economic recovery.
The first science and technology master plan or STMP was formulated in august 8,1988.
R.A. 6655 or the free Public secondary Education Act of 1988 opened free education at the secondary level
-There was a significant increase in personnel specializing in science and technology. In 1988, the Philippines was
estimated to have around 3,000 competent scientists and engineers.
-Science and Technology Agenda for Development (STAND) which embodies the country's task development plan for
1993- 1995. In 1998,
-newly industrialized country (NIC)status by the year 2000.

Competitive Conscience: the Medium-Term Plan of the Department of Science and Technology (1999-2004). Its six (6)
flagship programs are:
1) Comprehensive program to enhance technology enterprises:
2) Integrated program on clean technologies:
3) Establishment of a packaging R and D center,
4) Expansion of regional meteorology centers,
5) S&T intervention program for the poor, vulnerable and disabled.
6) Comprehensive science and technology program for Mindanao. President Ramos believes that science and
technology was one of the means wherein the Philippines could attain the status of new industrialized country (NIC).
During his term, he was able to establish programs that were significant to the field of science and technology. In 1993,
Science and Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND) was established.

Among its priorities were:

1) exporting winners identified by the DTL,
(2) domestic needs identified by Presidential Council for Countryside Development
(3) support industries and (4) coconut industry development.

Among the laws enacted by Congress during President Ramos’ term were the
(1) Magna Carta for Science and Technology Personnel (RA. 8439)
(2) Science and Technology Scholarship Law of 1004 (RA No. 7687) and
(4) Inventors and Inventions Incentives Act (Republic Act No. 7459)

-intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 8293)

President Joseph Estrada’s Term

-During the term of President Joseph Estrada, two major legislations that he signed were the Philippine Clean Air Act of
1999 (Republic Act No. 8749) and Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 8792)
-Aside from these, he launched a full-scale program based on cost- effective imigation technologies. He also announced
that dole-outs are out. Which meant basic health care, basic nutrition, and useful education for those who want, but
cannot afford it

"Science and technology during president Gloria M. Arroyo's term"

-Filipinovation
-Philippine science high school (PSHS)
-Focus on science, Technology and mathematics in their curriculum.
R.A. 9376 or the "Biofuels" act.
- this act promotes the development and usage og biofuels throughout the country

Drought-free rice was also highly encouraged to be use during her term

"President Benigno C. Aquino"

Republic Act 10601

-which improves the agricultural and fisheries sector through Mechanization
-In 2010 Pres. Benigno Aquino was considered the "Father of organic agriculture"
Organic agriculture act of 2010 (R.A. 10068)
-Development regarding the research and of Philippine agriculture is in the works.
-The harmonized Agenda for science and technology was presented to pres. Benigno Aquino in 2014
Republic act No. 19844
-other wide known as DICT of 2015

"Science education in the Philippines"

“Science is important to everyone.”

Does the science curriculum in basic education provide avenues for students to engage in science and encourage them
to take science-related careers?