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KVT MATRIC. HR. SEC. SCHOOL, MADURAI-11.

12TH - CHEMISTRY QUESTION BANK
UNIT – 1 METALLURGY
Two mark:
1. What are the various steps involved in extraction of pure metals from
their ores?
2. Which type of ores can be concentrated by froth flotation method? Give
two examples for such ores
3. Give uses of zinc.
4. Give the basic requirement for vapour phase refining.
5. Magnesite (Magnesium carbonate) is calcined to obtain magnesia,
which is used to make refractory bricks. Write the decomposition reaction
Three mark:
1. What is the difference between minerals and ores?
2. What is the role of Limestone in the extraction of Iron from its oxide
Fe2O3?
3. Out of coke and CO, which is better reducing agent for the reduction of
ZnO? Why?
4. Describe a method for refining nickel.
5. Explain the following terms with suitable examples. i) Gangue ii) Slag
6. Give the limitations of Ellingham diagram.
7. Write the equation for the extraction of silver by leaching with sodium
cyanide and show that the leaching process is a redox reaction
8. Using Ellingham diagram indicate the lowest temperature at which
ZnO can be reduced to Zinc metal by carbon. Write the overall reduction
reaction at this temperature.
9. Metallic Sodium is extracted by the electrolysis of brine (aq.NaCl).
After electrolysis the electrolytic solution becomes basic in nature. Write
the possible electrode reactions.
Five mark :
1. Explain zone refining process with an example
2. Using the Ellingham diagram given below. (A) Predict the conditions
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under which i) Aluminium might be expected to reduce magnesia. ii)

Magnesium could alumina.
B) Carbon monoxide is more effective reducing agent than carbon below
983K but, above this temperature, the reverse is true - Explain.
C) It is possible to reduce Fe2O3 by coke at a temperature around 1200K
3. Explain the electrometallurgy of aluminium.
4. Describe the role of the following in the process mentioned. i) Silica in
the extraction of copper. ii) Cryolite in the extraction of aluminium. iii)
Iodine in the refining of Zirconium. iv) Sodium cyanide in froth
floatation.
5. Explain the principle of electrolytic refining with an example
6. The selection of reducing agent depends on the thermodynamic factor:
Explain with an example
7. Write a short note on electrochemical principles of metallurgy.
II.ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS:
Two mark:
1. What is concentration of ores?
2. What is leaching?
3. What is ammonia leaching?
4. What is acid leaching?
5. What are the steps involved in the extraction of crude metal?
6. In the extraction of metal, ore is first converted into metal oxide before
reduction into metal. Why?
7. What is auto reduction of metallic ores?
8 Write the applications of copper.
9. Write the applications of gold.
10. What is refining process of a metal?
11. Write about distillation process of refining a metal?
12. Give example for the following 1. Frothing agent 2. Collector 3.
Depressing agent
13. What is cementation ?
14. Why Fe, Pb , Cu are reduced by hydrogen ?
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15. Write the applications of aluminium.

16. Write the applications of iron.
Three mark:
1. . Write about the extraction of metal by the process of reduction by
hydrogen .
2. Write about alumino thermite process.
3. Write about liquation process of refining a metal?
4. Write about gravity separation or hydraulic wash?
5. Write about magnetic separation.
6. Write about calcination.
7. Write about Van – Arkel method for refining zirconium/titanium?
Five mark :
1. Explain froth floatation method.
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UNIT 2
p – Block element I
Two mark:
1. Write a short note on anamolous properties of the first element of p-
block.
2. Describe briefly allotropism in p-block elements with specific reference
to carbon.
3. Boron does not react directly with hydrogen. Suggest one method to
prepare diboranefrom BF3.
4. Give the uses of borax.
5. Give the uses of silicones.
6. AlCl3 behaves like a lewis acid. Substantiate this statement.
7. Write a short note on hydroboration.
8.Give one example for each of the following: (i) Icosagens (ii) Tetragen
(iii)Pnictogen (iv)Chalcogen
9. Write a note on metallic nature of p-block element.
10. How will you convert boric acid to boron nitride?
11. A double salt which contains fourth period alkali metal (A) on heating
at 500K gives (B). Aqueous solution of (B) gives white precipitate with
BaCl2 and gives a red colour compound with alizarin. Identify A and B.
Three mark:
1. What is catenation? Describe briefly the catenation property of carbon.
2. Write a note on Fisher tropsch synthesis
3. Give the structure of CO and CO2.
4. How will you identify borate radical?
5. Write a note on zeolites.
6. A hydride of 2nd period alkali metal (A) on reaction with compound of
Boron (B) to give a reducing agent (C). identify A, B, and C.
7. COis a reducing agent.Justify with an example.

Five mark:
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1.Describe the structure of diborane.

2. Complete the following reactions
a. B(OH)3+ NH3------- ?
b. Na2B4O7 + H2SO4 ------- ?
c. B2H6+ 2NaOH + 2H2O ------- ?
d. B2H6+ CH3OH ------- ?
e. 4BF3 + 3H2O------- ?
f. HCOOH + H2SO4------- ?
g. SiCl4 + NH3------- ?
h. SiCl4 + C2H5OH ------- ?
i. 2B + 6NaOH------- ?
j. H2B4O7( Red hot tube)------- ?
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Two mark
1. Why boron does not form B3+ ions?
2. Why the ionization enthalpy from aluminium to thallium is only a
marginal difference?
3. What is silicate?
4. What happen when boron burns with nitrogen and oxygen (or) air?
5. Write any two methods for the preparation of metal borides
6. Write any three uses of boron.
7. What happen when borax is heated ?
8. What happen when borax is treated with ammonium chloride?
9. What happen when boric acid is heated?
10. Why Boric acid is a weak monobasic acid ?
11. Write the uses of boric acid
12. How to prepare trimethyl borate?
13. Why BF3 forms a coordinate covalent bonds with ammonia and
water?
14. Why anhydrous aluminium chloride produces fumes in moist air ?

Three mark:
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1. How borax is prepared from colemanite ore?

2. Why Borax solution is basic in nature?
3. How borax reacts with acid ?
4. How Boric acid is prepared from borax and colemanite?(OR) What
happens when a borax solution is acidified? Write a balanced equation for
the reaction.
5. How sodium metaborate and sodium tetraborate are prepared from
boric acid.
6. Explain the structure of boric acid
7. Write the uses of boric acid
8. What happen when diborane react with metal hydride?
9. What happen when diborane react with ammonia? (OR) How to
prepare borazine or borazole or inorganic benzene?
10. Explain McAfee process
Five mark:
1. Explain the types of silicates
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UNIT - 3. p - Block Elements II

I Text Book Question
Two mark
1. What is inert pair effect?
2. Explain why fluorine always exhibit an oxidation state of -1?
3. What are interhalogen compounds? Give example?
4. Why fluorine is more reactive than other halogens?
5. Give the uses of sulphuric acid ?
6. Give the uses of Argon?
7. What happens when PCl5 is heated?
Three mark:
1. Chalcogens belongs to p - block give reason?
2. Give the oxidation state of halogen in the following a) OF2, b) O2F2, c)
Cl2O3, d) I2O4
3. Give the uses of helium.
4. What is the hybridisation of iodine in IF7? Give its structure?
5. Give the balanced equation for the reaction between chlorine with cold
NaOH and hot NaOH.
6. How will you prepare chlorine in the laboratory?
7. Give a reason to support that sulphuric acid is a dehydrating agent?
8. Write the reason for the anamolous behaviour of nitrogen?
9. Write the valence shell electronic configuration of group 15elements?
10. Give two equations to illustrate the chemical behaviour of phosphine?
11. Give a reaction between nitric acid and a basic oxide?
12. Suggest a reason why HF is a weak acid, whereas binary acids of the
all other halogens are strong acids?
13. Deduce the Oxidation number of Oxygen in Hypofluorous acid -
HOF?
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14. What type of hybridisation occur in a) BrF5 b)BrF3

15. Write the products formed in the reaction of nitric acid (both dilute
and concentrated) with Zinc.
Five mark:
1. Write the molecular and structural formula for the following
molecules? a) Nitric Acid b) Dinitrogen Pentoxide c) Phosphoric acid d)
Phosphine
2. Complete the following reactions
1. NaCl + MnO2 + H2SO4→
2.NaNO2+ HCl →
3. IO3 - + I- + H+→
4. I2 +S2O3 2- →
5. P4 + NaOH + H2O→
6. AgNO3 + PH3→
7. Mg + HNO3→

8. KClO3 ---⎯→
3. Complete the following reactions:
1. Cu +hot conc. H2SO4 ---→
10. Sb + Cl 2 -----→
11. HBr + H2SO4 -----→
|12. XeF6 + H2O-----→
13. XeO6 4-+ Mn2+ + H+→
14. XeOF4 + SiO2---------→
Ni/200atm
15. Xe + F2 -------------→
4000C

ADDITIONALQUESTIONS
Two mark:
1. How is pure nitrogen gas prepared?
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2. Give reason for the chemically inert character of nitrogen.

3. Mention the only metal that reacts with nitrogen at room temperature
and give its reaction.
4. How does nitrogen reacts with the following elements at
hightemperature? (i) Calcium (ii) Boron
5. Give the uses of nitrogen
6. Write the reaction of hydrolysis of urea.
7. How is ammonia prepared in the laboratory?
8. How is ammonia prepared from magnesium nitride?
9. What happens when ammonia is heated above500°C?
10. Illustrate the reducing property of ammonia with an example
11. The Affinity of ammonia for proton is greater than that of water
.Justify it.
12. What happens when nitric acid is exposed to sunlight (or) heating?
(or) Colourless pure concentrated nitric acid turns yellow on standing.
why?
13. Mention the uses of nitricacid
14. Mention the three common allotropic forms of phosphorous.
15. How do you convert i) White phosphorous → Red Phosphorous ii)
Red phosphorous → White phosphorous
16. Mention the uses of phosphorous.
17. What happens when phosphorous acid is heated?
18. What is the reaction of phosphonium iodide with caustic soda
solution?
19. Write the reaction of phosphine with Lewisacid
20. What is known as Holme’s signal?
21. Prove that phosphorous trichloride is a chlorinating agent.
22. Mention the allotropic forms of oxygen.
23. What are known as pyrophoric metals?
24. What happens when SO2 is dissolved in water?
25. Give the allotropic forms of Sulphur .
26. Why H2SO4 is used as a dehydrating agent?
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27. Illustrate the dehydrating property of con.H2SO4 with (i) sucrose (ii)
formic acid (iii) oxalic acid?
28. What happens when H2SO4 is heated to high temperature?
29. What is the reaction of H2SO4 withNH3?
30. Prove the oxidizing property of H2SO4 with two examples.
31. What is the role of H2SO4 in the conversion of H2S to S? Give the
reaction
32. What happens when benzene reacts with con.H2SO4?
33. How is ammonia prepared by Haber’s process?
34. How does ammonia react with metallic salts? i) Fe3+ ii)Cu2+
35. Prove that nitric acid is an oxidizing agent.
36. Write the reaction of conc.HNO3 with copper.
37. How is phosphine obtained from yellow phosphorous?
38. How do you prepare orthophosphoric acid from phosphorous?
39. Mention the phosphorous compound which has the smell of rotten fish
and what is the action of heat on it in the absence of air?
40. Illustrate the reducing property of phosphine.
41. Mention the uses of phosphine.
42) What happens when XeF6 is hydrolysed?
43) How is sodium per xenate obtained fromXeF6?
44) Show that sodium per xenate is has strong oxidizing property?
45) Xenon is used in high speed electronic flash bulbs used by
photographers Why?
46.Hydrofluoric acid cannot be stored in silica and glass bottles why?
47) Show that hydrogen iodide is a good reducing agent, and how is it
tested?
48) Give the conditions for formation of inter halogen compounds
49) Fluorine cannot act as central atom in inter halogen compounds Why?
50. Hydrofluoric acid is a weak acid at low concentration, but becomes
stronger as the concentration increases why?
51. Hydrofluoric acid is a weak acid whereas other hydrohalic acids are
strong acids Give reason
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52. Thermal stability of hydrogen halide decreases from hydrogen

fluoride to iodide Give reason
53.What is aqua regia (Royal water) mention it’s use ?
54. What is the action of gold on aquaregia
55. Give the reaction of platinum on aquaregia
56. Give the uses of hydrochloric acid
57. Give the uses of chlorine.
58.Show that chlorine is a strong oxidizing agent.
59. How is bleaching powder prepared?
60. Write two displacement redox reactions of chlorine.
61.Write briefly on the structure of ozone?
62. Mention the uses of O3
63. What happens when SO2 is passed through acidified K2Cr2O7?
64. How is SO3 prepared by contact process and mention the Inorganic
acid obtained from it?
65. Mention the uses of SO2.
66. What is the action of hydrochloric acid on potassiumdichromate
67. What happens when chlorine is burnt with turpeatine
68. When chlorine water is exposed to sunlight it loses its colour and
smell. Give reason.

Three mark:
1. Explain the following reactions.
i) Reaction of excess of ammonia with chlorine ii) Reaction of ammonia
with excess of chlorine
2. Write a note on nitration of benzene
3. Give an account on structure of phosphorous
4.What is called phosphorescence?
5. Mention the hydride of phosphorous and give its hybridization and
structure.
6. How do you prepare phosphine from metallic phosphides?
7. How is phosphine converted into meta phosphoricacid?
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8. Show that phosphine is weakly basic in nature.

9. What is the action of PCl3on i) Ethyl alcohol ii) Acetic acid
20. How is O2 prepared in the laboratory fromH2O2
21. How is ozone prepared in the laboratory?
22. How are xenon fluorides prepared?
23. Write the reaction which is used in the estimation of O3
24. Illustrate the oxidizing property of SO2.
25. How is sulphur dioxide prepared in the laboratory?
26. Illustrate the reducing property of SO2 with an example.
27. Give an account on bleaching action of SO2
28. Mention the hybridization of S in SO2 and give its structure
29. Prove that sulphuric acid is a strong dibasicacid.
30. Give two test for sulphuric acid /sulphates?
31. Name the halogen liberated from bleaching powder on reaction with
mineral acids. Give reaction
32. Show that chlorine is a strong bleaching agent
ADDITIONAL 5 MARK QUESTIONS
1) Explain commercial method of preparation of nitric acid by ostwald’s
process.
2) Write the primary, secondary and tertiary reactions of metals with
nitric acid.
3) Give the various steps involved in the reaction of dilute nitric acid
with i. copper ii. magnesium
4) Mention the oxides of nitrogen and give their preparation.
5) Give the structures of oxides of nitrogen.
6) Give the structures of oxoacids of nitrogen.
7) Mention the oxoacids of nitrogen and give their method of preparation.
8) Give one method of preparation for each oxyacids of phosphorous.
9) Write briefly on allotropic form of Sulphur.
10) Explain any three methods of preparation of sulphur dioxide with
equations.
11) Phosphorous compound ‘A’ which is poisonous and has the smell of
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rotten fish reacts with chlorine and gives ‘B’ ‘B’ reacts with water to give
an oxyacid of phosphorous ‘C’ which is tribasic in nature Identify the
compounds A, B and C and explain the reactions.
12) How is chlorine manufactured by the electrolysis of brine solution?
13) Explain deacon’s process of manufacture of Chlorine
14) Mention the hybridization, geometry and number of bond pair and
lone pairs of electrons present in different types of inter halogen
compounds
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UNIT – 4 TRANSITION AND INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS

Text Book Question
Two mark:
1. What are transition metals? Give four examples
2. What are inner transition elements?
3. What are actinides? Give three examples.
4. Why Gd3+ is colourless?
5. What are interstitial compounds?
6. Write the electronic configuration of Ce4+ and Co2+
7. Explain briefly how +2 states become more and more stable in the first
half of the first row transition elements with increasing atomic number.
8. Actinoid contraction is greater from the elements to element than the
lanthanoid contraction, why?
9. Why Europium (II) is more stable than Cerium(II)?
10. Why do Zirconium and Hafnium exhibit similar properties?
11. Which is stronger reducing agent Cr2+ or Fe2+ ?
12. The value E0M2+/M for copper is positive. Suggest a possible reason
for this.
13. Which metal in the 3d series exhibits +1 oxidation state most
frequently and why?
14. Transition metals show high melting points.Why?
15. Why iron is more stable in +3 oxidation state than in +2 and the
reverse is true for manganese?

16. Compare the stability of Ni4+ and Pt4+ from their ionization enthalpy
values
IE Ni Pt
I 737 864
II 1753 1791
III 3395 2800
IV 5297 4150
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Three mark:
1. Explain the oxidation states of 4d series elements.
2. Justify the position of lanthanides and actinides in the periodic table
3. . Explain why compounds of Cu2+ are coloured but those of Zn2+ are
colourless.
4. Describe the preparation of potassium dichromate
5. What is lanthanoid contraction and what are the effects of lanthanoid
contraction?
6. Calculate the numbers of unpaired electrons in Ti 3+, Mn2+ and calculate
the spin only magnetic moment.
7. Which is more stable? Fe3+ or Fe2+ -Explain.
8. Explain the variation E OM3+ /M2+in 3dseries.
9. Explain why Cr2+ is strongly reducing while Mn3+ is strongly
oxidizing.
10. Out of Lu(OH)3and La(OH)3which is more basic and why?
11. Predict which of the following will be coloured in aqueous solutions
Ti2+, V3+ ,Ti3+, Cu+ , Sc3+, Fe3+, Ni2+ and Co3+
12. Describe the variable oxidation state of 3d series elements.
13. Why first ionization enthalpy of chromium is lower than that of zinc?
Five mark:
1. Complete the following: a) MnO4 2- + H+ ------?

acidified KMnO4
b) C6H5CH3---------- ?
c) MnO4 + Fe2+ -------- ?

Red hot
d) KMnO4 ----------?
e) Cr2O7 2−+ I- + H+ --------?
f) Na2Cr2O7 + KCl --------?
2. Compare lanthanides and actinides.
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ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Two mark:
1. How d block elements are classified?
2. Which transition series contains radioactive elements?
3. Write the electronic configuration of Cr and Cu.
4. .a In transition metals, which group elements are not hard?
b. Which metal has highest electrical conductivity at room temperature.
5. Give reason for the slight increase in atomic radius of Zn
6. Ionisation enthalpy to form Ni2+ =2490kJ Ionization enthalpy to form
Pt2+ =2655kJ Which is thermodynamically stable Ni2+ (or) Pt2+? Why?
7. Calculate the number of unpaired electrons for the following ions? a.
Cu+ b. Ni2+
8. Why transition metals form number of alloys ?
9. Why transition elements form complexes?
10. Under what oxidation state do transition metals form ionic oxide and
covalent oxides?
11. Zn, Cd and Hg do not have partially filled d-orbitals why they are
treated as transition elements?
12. When potassium dichromate acts as oxidizing agent in the presence of
H+ ion, what is the change in oxidation state of Chromium? Give
equation ?
13. What is the action of heat on K 2Cr2 O7?
14. How neutral KMnO4 oxidizes thio sulphate ion? Give equation?
15. a. Which element in 3d series does not form ionic metal oxide ? b.
What is the acid formed when Mn2O7 dissolved in water?
16. Why d orbitals containing symmetrical distribution of electron is more
stable?
17. In first transition series from Sc to V atomic radius decreases,
thereafter up to Cu atomic radius nearly the same. Why ?
18. Which is more acidic in nature MnO(Mn2+) or Mn2O7 (Mn7+) why?
19. Classify the following oxides as acidic, basic and amphoteric oxides?
i.CrO ii. Cr2O3 iii.CrO3
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20. Why transition metal and its compound act as good catalyst?
21. a) What is the oxidation state of chromium in chromate and
dichromate ion?
b) Which is predominant in alkaline and acidic solution?
22. HCl and HNO3 are not used for generating acidic medium for
KMnO4Why ? Suggest suitable acid medium for KMnO4?
23. Write the uses of KMnO4?
24. Complete the following reaction and give the balanced equation?
i MnO4 - + C2O4- + H+ --------?
ii)MnO4 - + H2S --------?
25. What is the hybridization in Mn7+ ion of KMnO4 and what is the
structure of permanganate ion?
26. What are the properties of Interstitial compound?
27. What is Hume- Rothery rule to form a substitute alloy?
28. What are the uses of potassium dichromate?
Three mark:
1. Calculate spin magnetic moment of Co2+?
2. Draw the structure of chromate ion and dichromate ion ?
3. What is zeigler – Natta Catalyst?Give a reaction in which it catalysis?
4. Give the reaction of cold and hot conc H2SO4 with KMnO4?
5. Exhibit the oxidizing property of MnO4 - ion in acid medium, neutral
medium and alkaline medium ?
6. Calculate the equivalent weight of KMnO4 ?
7. Compound A is an orange red crystalline solid which on heating with
NaCl and conc H2SO4 evolves red orange vapours B. On passing the
vapors of B into a solution of NaOH and then adding the solution of
acetic acid and lead acetate, yellow precipitate C is obtained. Identify
A,B, andC. Give chemical equations for these reactions What is the name
of this test?
UNIT- 5 COORDINATION CHEMISTRY
Text Book Question
Two mark:
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1. Arrange the following in order of increasing molar conductivity

i) Mg [Cr(NH3)(Cl)5] ii) [Cr(NH3)5Cl]3[CoF6]2 iii) [Cr(NH3)3Cl3]
2. Ni2+ is identified using alcoholic solution of dimethyl glyoxime. Write
the structural formula for the rosy red precipitate of a complex formed in
the reaction.
3. [CuCl4] 2-exists while [CuI4] 2-does not exist why?|
4. Give an example for complex of the type. [Ma2b2c2] where a, b, c are
monodentate ligands and give the possible isomers.
5. What is linkage isomerism? Explain with an example.
6. Write briefly about the applications of coordination compounds in
volumetric analysis. Complexometric Titrations:
7. Why tetrahedral complexes do not exhibit geometrical isomerism.
8.What is the coordination entity formed when excess of liquid ammonia
is added to an aqueous solution copper sulphate?
9. What are the limitations of VB theory?|
10. When a cooridantion compound CrCl3.4H2O is mixed with silver
nitrate solution, one mole of silver chloride is precipitated per mole of the
compound. There are no free solvent molecules in that compound. Assign
the secondary valence to the metal and write the structural formula of the
compound.
11. In the complex, [Pt (NO2)(H2O)(NH3)2]Br. identify the following
(i) Central metal atom/ion
(ii) Ligands and their types
(iii) Coordiantion entity
(iv) Oxidation number of central metal atom
(v) Coordination number
12. A solution of [Co(NH3)4I2]Cl when treated with AgNO3 gives a white
precipitate. What should be the formula of isomer of the dissolved
complex that gives yellow precipitate with AgNO3. What are the above
isomers called?
13. Three compounds A,B and C have the molecular formulaCrCl3.6H2o
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they are kept in a container with a dehydrating agent and they lost water
and attaining constant weight as shown below.
Compoundafter Initial weight of Constant weight
dehydration (in g). compound (in g)
A 4 3.46
B 0.5 0.466
C 3 3
14 .Indicate the possible type of isomerism for the following complexes
and draw their isomers
Given Compound Isomer Type
[Co(en)3][Cr(CN)6]
[Co(NH3)5(NO2)]2+– N
attached
[Pt(NH3)3(NO2)]Cl
15. A metal complex having composition Co(en)2Cl2Br has been isolated
in two forms A and B. (B) reacted with silver nitrate to give a white
precipitate readily soluble in ammonium hydroxide. Where as A gives a
pale yellow precipitate. Write the formula of A and B. State the
hybridization of Co in each and calculate their spin only magnetic
moment.
16. Draw energy level diagram and indicate the number of electron in
each level for the complex [Cu(H2O)6] 2+ . Whether the complex is
paramagnetic or diamagnetic?
Three mark:
1.Write the IUPAC names for the following complexes.
i) Na2[Ni (EDTA )]
ii) [Ag (CN) 2] -
iii) [Co (en)3]2(SO4)3 -
iv) [Co (ONO) (NH3)5] 2+
v) Pt (NH3)2Cl(NO2)]
2. Write the formula for the following coordination compounds.
a) potassiumhexacyanidoferrate(II)
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b) pentacarbonyliron(0)
c) pentaamminenitrito- K -N-cobalt(III)ion
d) hexaamminecobalt(III)sulphate
e) sodiumtetrafluoridodihydroxidochromate(III)
3. Calculate the ratio of [𝑨𝒈+] /[𝑨𝒈(𝑵𝑯𝟑)]𝟐+ in 0.2 M solution of NH3. If
the stability constant for the complex [Ag(NH3)2] + is 1.7 X 107 .
4. Give an example of coordination compound used in medicine and two
examples of biologically important coordination compounds.
5. Draw all possible geometrical isomers of the complex [Co(en)2Cl2]
+
and identify the optically active isomer.
6. [Ti(H2O)6] 3+ is coloured, while [Sc(H2O)6] 3+ is colourless- explain.
7. Give one test to differentiate [Co(NH3)5Cl]SO4 and [Co(NH3)5 SO4]Cl.
8. In an octahedral crystal field, draw the figure to show splitting of d
orbitals.
9. Classify the following ligand based on the number of donor atoms. a)
NH3b) en c) ox2- d) triaminotriethylaminee) pyridine
10. Give the difference between double salts and coordination
compounds.
11. Explain optical isomerism in coordination compounds with an
example.
12. What are hydrate isomers? Explain with an example.
13. What is crystal field splitting energy?
14. What is crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) ?
15. Discuss briefly the nature of bonding in metal carbonyls.
16. Write the oxidation state, coordination number , nature of ligand,
magnetic property and electronic configuration in octahedral crystal field
for the complex K4[Mn(CN)6].
17. 3. Write the IUPAC name for the following compounds.
(i) K2[Fe(CN)3(Cl)2(NH3)]
(ii) [Cr(CN)2(H2O)4][Co(ox)2(en)]
(iii) [Cu(NH3)2Cl2]
(iv) [Cr(NH3)3(NC)2(H2O)]+
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(v) [Fe(CN)6] 4-
18. . Give the structure for the following compounds.
(i) diamminesilver(I) dicyanidoargentate(I)
(ii) pentamminenirtrito-K -Ncobalt(III) ion
(iii) hexafluoridocobaltate(III) ion
(iv) dichloridobis(ethylenediamine)Cobalt(III) sulphate
(v) Tetracarbonylnickle(0) -
19. Draw all possible isomers of a complex Ca[Co(NH3)Cl(ox)2]
20. The spin only magnetic moment of tetrachloridomanganate(II) ion is
5.9 BM. On the basis of VBT predict the type of hybridization and
geometry of the compound.
21. Predict the number of unpaired electrons in [CoCl4] 2- ion on the basis
of VBT.
Five mark :
1.Based on VB theory explain why [Cr(NH3)6] 3+ is paramagnetic, while
[Ni(CN)4] 2- is diamagnetic.
2. Write the postulates of Werner’s theory.
3. [Ni(CN)4] 2- is diamagnetic, while [Ni(Cl)4] 2- is paramagnetic using
crystal field theory?
4. A solution of [Ni(H2O)6] 2+ is green, whereas a solution of [Ni(CN)4] 2-
is colorless – Explain.
5. On the basis of VB theory explain the nature of bonding in [Co(C 2O4)3]
3-

6. The mean pairing energy and octahedral field splitting energy

[Mn(CN)6] 4- are 28,800 cm-1 and
38500 cm-1 respectively. Whether this complex is stable in low spin or
high spin?
7. For the [CoF6] 3- ion in the mean pairing is found to be 21000 cm-1 .
The magnitude of ∆ₒ is 13000 cm-1 . Calculate the crystal field
stabilization energy for this complex ion corresponding to low spin and
high spin states.
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ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS:
Twomark:
1. Write the coordination number and oxidation state of platinum in the
complex [Pt(en)2Cl2]
2. What type of isomerism is exhibited by the complex [Co(NH3)5Cl]SO4
and [Co(NH3)6][Cr(CN)6] ?
Five mark;
1. Write the postulates of Valence bond theory.
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UNIT 6
SOLID STATE
Text Book Question
Two mark
1. . Define unit cell
2. Give any three characteristics of ionic crystals.
3. Classify the following solids a. P4 b. Brass c. diamond d. NaCl e.
Iodine
4. What are point defects?
5. Calculate the number of atoms in an fcc unit cell.
6. Why ionic crystals are hard and brittle?
7. What is the two dimensional coordination number of a molecule in
square close packed layer?
8. What is meant by the term “coordination number”? What is the
coordination number of atoms in a bcc structure?
9. Aluminium crystallizes in a cubic close packed structure. Its metallic
radius is 125pm.Calculate the edge length of unit cell.
10. If NaCl is doped with 10-2 mol percentage of strontium chloride, what
is the concentration of cation vacancy?
11. Atoms X and Y form bcc crystalline structure. Atom X is present at
the corners of the cube and Y is at the centre of the cube. What is the
formula of the compound?
12. Sodium metal crystallizes in bcc structure with the edge length of the
unit cell 4.3 ×10−8.cm. Calculate the radius of sodium atom.
Three mark:
1. Explain briefly seven types of unit cell.
2. Explain Schottky defect.
3. Experiment shows that Nickel oxide has the formula Ni 0.96 O1.00 . What
fractionof Nickel exists as of Ni2+ and Ni3+ ions?
4. An element has bcc structure with a cell edge of 288 pm.The density of
the element is 7.2 gcm-3 . How many atoms are present in 208g of the
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element.
5. KF crystallizes in fcc structure like sodium chloride. calculate the
distance between K+ and F− in KF.( given : density of KF is 2.48 g cm−3 )
6. An atom crystallizes in fcc crystal lattice and has a density of 10 gcm-3
with unit cell edge length of 100pm. Calculate the number of atoms
present in 1 g of crystal.
7. Explain Frenkel defect.
8. An element has a face centered cubic unit cell with a length of 352.4
pm along an edge. The density of the element is 8.9 gcm-3. How many
atoms are present in 100 g of an element?
9. Determine the density of CsCl which crystallizes in a bcc type structure
with an edge length 412.1 pm.
10. A face centered cubic solid of an element (atomic mass 60) has a cube
edge of 4A0 . Calculate its density.
11. Barium has a body centered cubic unit cell with a length of 508pm
along an edge. What is the density of barium in g cm-3?
Five mark:
1. Differentiate crystalline solids and amorphous solids.
2. Distinguish between hexagonal close packing and cubic close packing.
3. Distinguish tetrahedral and octahedral voids.
4. Write short note on metal excess and metal deficiency defect with an
example.(or) Write a short note on non-stoichiometric defects.
5. Explain AAAA and ABABA and ABCABC type of three dimensional
packing with the help of neat diagram.
6. Calculate the percentage efficiency of packing in case of body centered
cubic crystal.
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS:
Two mark
1. Explain isotropy and anisotropy ?
2. Give a note on covalent solids ?
3. Name the parameters that characterize a unit cell.
4. What are primitive and non-primitive unit cell?
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5. Radius ratio of an ionic solid is found to be 0.415. Where the cations

are occupied?
6. Write the possible octahedral voids and tetrahedral voids exist per atom
in a crystal
7. What happens when ZnO is heated?
8. Why Frenkel defect is not found in alkali halides?
9. Schottky defect lowers the density of the ionic solid. Why?
Threemark:
1. How solids are classified?
2. Explain metallic solids.
3. Sketch i.sc ii.bcc iii.fcc&calculate its numberof atoms per unit cell
4. How inter planar distance are calculated in unit cell?
5. How electrical neutrality is maintained in stoichiometric ionic crystals?
6. Explain how vacancies are introduced in an ionic solid when a cation of
higher valence is added as impurity in it. (Impurity defect)
7. How F centers are formed when NaCl crystals are heated in the
presence of sodium vapour, excess of Na+ ions are observed. Justify your
answer.
8. Give the relationship between atomic radius (r), inter atomic distance
(d) and packing efficiency of the unit cell of a cubic crystal.
Fivemark:
1. What are molecular crystals? How are they classified?
2. Explain the relationship between atomic radius and edge length of fcc
unit cell and calculate its packing efficiency
3. Calculate the packing efficiency of polonium.

UNIT-7 CHEMICAL KINETICS

Text Book Question
Two mark:
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1. Define average rate and instantaneous rate.

2. Define rate law and rate constant
3. Write the rate law for the following reactions.
(a) A reaction that is 3/2 order in x and zero order in y.
(b) A reaction that is second order in NO and first order in Br2.
4. For a reaction X + Y + Z ⎯⎯→ products the rate law is given by rate =
k [X 3/2 [Y] 1/2 . What is the overall order of the reaction and what is the
order of the reactionwith respect to z.
5. Write Arrhenius equation and explains the terms involved.
6. The decomposition of Cl2O7 at 500 K in the gas phase to Cl2 and O2 is a
first order reaction. After 1 minute at 500K, the pressure of Cl2O7 falls
from 0.08 to 0.04 atm.
7. . Explain pseudo first order reaction with an example.
8. Identify the order for the following reactions
(i) Rusting of Iron
(ii) Radioactive disintegration of 92U 238
(iii) 2A + 3B ⎯⎯→ products ; rate = [A]1/2 [B]2
9. How do concentrations of the reactant influence the rate of reaction?
10. How do nature of the reactant influence rate of reaction. (or) C where
asTitration between potassium per mangate and oxalic acid is carried out
at 60 titration between potassium per manganate and ferrous ammonium
sulphate at room temperature. Give reason.
11. The rate constant for a first order reaction is 1.54 × 10 – 3 s – 1 .
Calculate its half life time.
12. Consider the oxidation of nitric oxide to form NO2
2NO(g) + O2(g) ⎯⎯→ 2NO2 (g)
(a) Express the rate of the reaction in terms of changes in the
concentration of NO, O2 and NO2.
(b) At a particular instant, when [O2] is decreasing at 0.2 mol L–1 s –1 at
what rate is [NO2] increasing at that instant?
13. What is the order with respect to each of the reactant and overall order
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of the following reaction? (a) 3 5Br −(aq) + BrO− (aq) + 6H+ (aq) ⎯⎯→ 3Br2(l)
+ 3H2O(l)
The experimental rate law is Rate = k [Br– ] [BrO3] [H+ ] 2

(b) CH3 CHO(g) ⎯⎯→ CH 4 (g) + CO(g) 3 the experimental rate law is
3/2 Rate k[CH3 CHO]3/2
Threemark:
1. Derive integrated rate law for a zero order reaction A ⎯⎯→ product.
2. Define half life of a reaction. Show that for a first order reaction half
life is independent of initial concentration.
3. What is an elementary reaction? Give the differences between order
and molecularity of a reaction.
4. Explain the rate determining step with an example
5. Describe the graphical representation of first order reaction.
6. Explain the effect of catalyst on reaction rate with an example.
7. The rate law for a reaction of A, B and L has been found to be rate = k
[A]2 [B] [L]3/2 . How would the rate of reaction change when (i)
Concentration of [L] is quadrupled (ii) Concentration of both [A] and [B]
are doubled (iii) Concentration of [A] is halved (iv) Concentration of [A]
is reduced to (1/3) and concentration of [L] is quadrupled.
8. The rate of formation of a dimer in a second order reaction is 7.5 × 10 –
3
mol L – 1 s – 1 at 0.05 mol L – 1 monomer concentration. Calculate the rate
constant.|
Explain briefly the collision theory of bimolecular reactions. (or) Derive k
=pze-Ea/ RT
9. For the reaction 2x + y ⎯⎯→ L. Find the rate law from the following
data.

[x] (min) )[y] (min) rate (M s – 1 )

0.2 0.02 0.15
0.4 0.02 0.30
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0.4 0.08 1.20

10. A zero order reaction is 20% complete in 20 minutes. Calculate the
value of the rate constant. In what time will the reaction be 80%
complete?
11. From the following data, show that the decomposition of hydrogen
peroxide is a reaction of the first order :
t (min)) 0 10 20
V (ml) 46.1 29.8 19.3

Where t is the time in minutes and V is the volume of standard KMnO4

solution required for titrating the same volume of the reaction mixture.
12. A first order reaction is 40% complete in 50 minutes. Calculate the
value of the rate constant.In what time will the reaction be 80% complete?
13. Rate constant k of a reaction varies with temperature T according to
the following Arrhenius equation
log k = log A- Ea/ 2.303R(1/T)
Where Ea is the activation energy. When a graph is plotted for log k Vs
1/ T a straight line with a slope of –4000 K is obtained. Calculate the
activation energy.
14. A first order reaction takes 8 hours for 90% completion. Calculate the
time required for 80% completion. (log 5 = 0.6989 ; log 10 = 1)
15. The rate of the reaction x + 2y → product is 4 10 –3mol L –1 s –1 if
[x] = [y] = 0.2 M and 10 –2 s –1 rate constant at 400 K is 2 10 –2 s –1, What
is the overall order of the reaction
Fivemark:
1. A gas phase reaction has energy of activation 200 kJ mol – 1 . If the
frequency factor of the reaction is 1.6 × 10 13 s – 1 . Calculate the rate
constant at 600 K. (e − 40.09 = 3.8 × 10 – 18)
2. The half life of the homogeneous gaseous reaction SO2Cl2 ⎯⎯→ SO2 +
Cl2 which obeys first order kinetics is 8.0 minutes. How long will it take
for the concentration of SO2Cl2 to be reduced to 1% of the initial value?
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3. The time for half change in a first order decomposition of a substance

A is 60 seconds. Calculate the rate constant. How much of A will be left
after 180 seconds.
4. The activation energy of a reaction is 225 k cal mol – 1 and the value of
rate constant at 40 0c
is 1.8 × 10 – 5 s – 1 . Calculate the frequency factor A.
5. Benzene diazonium chloride in aqueous solution decomposes according
to the equation
C6H5N2Cl ⎯⎯→ C6H5Cl + N2. Starting with an initial concentration of 10
g L – 1 , C at different intervals of time was found to be as under:
t (min) 6 12 18 24 30 
Vol. of N2 19.3 32.6 41.3 46.5 50.4 58.3
(ml )

Show that the above reaction follows the first order kinetics. What is the
value of the rate constant.
6. For a first order reaction the rate constant at 500 K is 8 x10 –4 s –1 .
Calculate the frequency factor, if the energy of activation for the reaction
is 190 kJ mol –1 .
7. (1) In a first order reaction A→ products 60% of the given sample of A
decomposes in 40 min. What is the half life of the reaction? .
(2) The rate constant for a first order reaction is 2.3  10 –4 s – 1If the
initial concentration of the reactant is 0.01 M. What concentration will
remain after 1 hour?
(3) Hydrolysis of an ester in an aqueous solution was studied by titrating
the liberated carboxylic acid against sodium hydroxide solution. The
concentrations of the ester at different time intervals are given below.

Time (min) 0 30 60 90
Ester concentration 0.85 0.80 0.754 0.71
mol–1 L
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8. (1) For a reaction, X + Y ⎯⎯→ product ; quadrupling [x], increases the

rate by a factor of 8. Quadrupling both [x] and [y], increases the rate by a
factor 16. Find the order of the reaction with respect to x and y. What is
the overall order of the reaction? (2) Find the individual and overall order
of the following reaction using the given date
2NO (g) + C l 2 (g) ⎯⎯→ 2NOC l (g).

Expt. [NO] [Cl2] Initial rate

1 0.1 0.1 7.8 x10-5
2 0.2 0.1 3.12 x10 –4
3 0.2 0.3 9.36 x10 –4

9. (1) Write the rate expression for the following reactions, assuming
them as elementary reactions.
(i) 3A + 5B2 ⎯⎯→ 4CD (ii) X2 + Y2 ⎯⎯→ 2XY
(2) Consider the decomposition of N2O5(g) to form NO2(g) and O2(g). At
a particular instant N2O5 disappears at a rate of 2.5 10 –2 mol dm –3s –1
. At what rate are NO2 and O2 formed? What is the rate of the reaction?
10. For the reaction 2NO(g) + O 2(g) ⎯⎯→2NO (g) the following data
were obtained.
Expt [NO] 10 –2 [O2] 10 –2 Initial rate  10
(mol L –1) (mol L –1 ) –2
L (mol– 1 s –1)

1 1.3 1.1 19.26

2 1.3 2.2 38.40
3 2.6 1.1 76.80

Determine order with respect to NO, O2 and overall order.

11. The rate constant of a reaction of a reaction at 400 and 200 K are 0.04
and 0.02 s –1 respectively. Calculate the value of activation energy.
12. Show that in case of first order reaction, the time required for 99.9%
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completion is nearly ten times the time required for half completion of the
reaction.
13. The half life of a first order reaction x → products is 6.932 x 10 4s at
500 K. What percentage of would be decomposed on heating at 500 K for
100 min. (e0.06 = 1.06)

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
Two mark:
1. Define rate of a reaction.
2. Give the unit of rate of reaction for (i) aqueous reaction (ii) Gaseous
reaction
3. Define molecularity.
4. Define order of a reaction
5. Give general expression for half life of nth order reaction.
6. Give examples of first order reaction.
7. Give two examples of zero order reaction.
8. Give units of rate constant of (a) first order reaction (b) zero order
reaction
9. What is collision frequency?
10.Why molecularity can never be more than 3?
11. Define activation energy?
12. What is the usefulness of Arrhenius equation.
13. Mention the factors affecting rate of reaction.
14. What does the slope represent in the following graphs
15. Which of the following reaction is fast. Give reason.
(i) 2Na (s) + I 2 (s) ---2(NaI (s) (ii) 2Na (s)+ 2 I (g) --- 2NaI(s)
16. Which of the two reacts faster? Why? (i) Powdered CaCO3 with dil.
HCl (ii) Lump of CaCO3 as marble with dil. HCl
Three mark:
1. How to determine rate of a reaction.
2. Differentiate rate and rate constant.
3. Derive an expression of half life of a zero order reaction.
Five mark:
1. Derive integrated rate law for a first order reaction A ⎯⎯→ product.
4. Draw a plot of concentration vs time for zero order reaction.
Five marks:
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1. Derive integrated rate law for a first order reaction A ⎯⎯→ product.
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VOLUME-II
UNIT – 8 IONIC EQUILIBRIUM
I.Text Book Questions and Answer
Two mark:
1. What are Lewis acids and bases? Give two examples for each.
2. Account for the acidic nature of HClO4 in terms of Bronsted – Lowry
theory, identify its conjugate base.
HClO4 + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + ClO4
3. When aqueous ammonia is added to CuSO4 solution, the solution turns
deep blue due to the formation of tetramminecopper (II) complex,
[Cu(H2O) 4 ] 2+ ( aq) + 4NH3 (aq) ⇌ [Cu(NH3)4 ] 2+ (aq), among H2O and
NH3 which is stronger Lewis base.
4. Define SolubilityProduct.
5. Define pH
6. A saturated solution, prepared by dissolving CaF2 (s) in water, has
[Ca2+ ]=3.3 x 10-4 M .What is the Ksp of CaF2 ?
7. A particular saturated solution of silver chromate Ag2CrO 4 has [Ag+
]=5 x 10-5 and [CrO4 2- ] =4.4 x 10 -4 M. What is the value of Ksp for
Ag2CrO4 ?
8. Write the expression for the solubility product of Hg2Cl2 .
9. Classify the following as acids (or) base using Arrhenius concept. i)
HNO3 ii) Ba(OH)2 iii) H3PO4 iv) CH3COOH
10. Write the balanced equation for the dissociation of the following in
water and identify the conjugate acid-base pairs.
i) NH4 + + H2O ⇌ NH3 + H3O +
ii)H2SO4 + H2O ⇌ HSO4 - + H3O+
iii) CH3COOH + H2O ⇌ CH3COO + H3O+
11. Identify the Lewis acid and Lewis base in the following reactions
. i) CaO + CO2 → CaCO3 ii) CH3 –O--CH3 + AlCl3 → (CH3)2O→AlCl3
12. H3BO3 accepts hydroxide ion from water as shown below H3BO3(aq)
+ H2O(l) → [B(OH)4 ] - + H+ . Predict the nature of H3BO3 using Lewis
concept.
13. At a particular temperature, the Kw of a neutral solution was equal to
4 x 10-14. Calculate the concentration of [H3O+] and [OH¯]
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14. Calculate the concentration of OH -in a fruit juice which contains 2 x

10-3M, H3O+ ion. Identify the nature of solution.
15. Calculate the pH of 0.001M HCl solution.
Three mark:
1. Discuss the Lowry-Bronsted concept of acids and bases
2. Identify the conjugate acid base pair for the following reaction in
aqueous solution
i) HS- (aq) + HF ⇌ F - (aq) + H2 S (aq)|
ii) HPO4 2- + SO3 2- ⇌ PO4 3- + HSO3 -
NH4 + + CO3 2- ⇌ NH3 + HCO3 -
3. The concentration of hydroxide ion in a water sample is found to be 2.5
x10-6 M. Identify the nature of the solution.
4. A lab assistant prepared a solution by adding a calculated quantity of
HCl gas at 250 C to get a solution with [H3O+ ] = 4×10-5 M. Is the solution
neutral (or) acidic (or) basic.
5. Calculate the pH of 0.04 M HNO3.
6. Define Ionic product of water.Give its value at room temperature.
7. Explain Common Ion effect with an example.
8. Derive an expression for Oswald’s Dilution law
9. Calculate the pH of 1.5 x 10-3 M solution of Ba(OH)2
10. 50ml of 0.05M HNO3 is added to 50ml of 0.025M KOH . Calculate
the pH of the resultant solution.
11. The Ka value for HCN is 10-9 . What is the pH of 0.4 M HCN
solution?
12. Solubility product of Ag2CrO4 is 1 x 10-12 . What is the solubility of
Ag2CrO4 in 0.01M AgNO3 solution?
13. Write the expression for the solubility product of Ca3(PO4) 2
14. Ksp of AgCl is 1.8 x 10-10 . Calculate molar solubility in 1 M AgNO3
15. Will a precipitate be formed when 0.150 L of 0.1M Pb(NO3)2 and
0.100L of 0.2 M NaCl are mixed? Ksp 16. Ksp of Al(OH)3 is 1x 10-15M .
At what pH does 1.0 x 10-3 M Al3+ precipitate on the addition of buffer of
of NH4 Cl and NH4OH solution?
17. Calculate the pH of 10-8 M H2SO4?
18. Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ion in moles per litre of a
solution whose pH is 5.4.
19. Calculate the pH of an aqueous solution obtained by mixing 50ml of
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0.2 M HCl with 50ml 0.1M NaOH

20. Kb for NH4OH is 1.8 x 10-5 . Calculate the percentage of ionization of
0.06M ammonium hydroxide solution.
21. Explain the buffer action in a basic buffer containing equimolar
ammonium hydroxide and ammonium chloride.
22. How can you prepare a buffer solution of pH 9. You are provided with
0.1M NH4OH solution and ammonium chloride crystals. (𝐩𝐊𝐛 = 𝟒. 𝟕)
23. What volume of 0.6M sodium formate solution is required to prepare
a buffer solution of pH 4.0 by mixing it with 100ml of 0.8M formic acid
(pKa = 3.75)
24. Calculate the pH of 10 -7M HCl solution.
25. A solution of 0.10M of a weak electrolyte is found to be dissociated to
the extent of 1.20% at 25oC. Find the dissociation constant of the acid.
26. Calculate the pH of 0.1M CH3COOH solution. Dissociation constant
of acetic acid is 1.8 x 10-5 Given: Ka = 1.8 x 10-5 , C = 0.1M
27. Find the pH of the buffer solution containing 0.20 mole per litre
sodium acetate and 0.18 mole per litre acetic acid. Ka = 1.8 x 10 -5
28. What is the pH of an aqueous solution obtained by mixing 6 gram of
acetic acid and 8.2 gram of sodium acetate and making the volume equal
to 500ml. (Ka = 1.8 x 10-5 )
29. Find out whether lead chloride gets precipitated or not when 1mL of
0.1M lead nitrate and 17 0.5mL of 0.2M NaCl solution are mixed? Ksp of
PbCl2= 1.2 x 10-5
30. Establish a relationship between the solubility product and molar
solubility for the following
a) BaSO4 b) Ag2CrO4
Five mark:
1. Calculate the extent of hydrolysis and the pH of 0.1 M ammonium
acetate.
Given that Ka =Kb =1.8 x 10-5
2. Derive an expression for the hydrolysis constant and degree of
hydrolysis of salt of strong acid and weak base.
3. Ksp of Ag2CrO4 is 1.1 ×10-12 . What is solubility of Ag2CrO4 in 0.1M
K2CrO4.
4. Calculate the pH of the buffer solution consisting of 0.4M CH3COOH
and 0.4M CH3COONa. What is the change in the pH after adding 0.01
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mol of HCl to 500ml of the above solution. Assume that the addition of
HCl causes negligible change in the volume. Given Ka = 1.8 x 10-5
5. Calculate the i) hydrolysis constant ii) degree of hydrolysis and iii) pH
of 0.05M sodium carbonate (pK a= 10.26)
6. Calculate the i) hydrolysis constant ii) degree of hydrolysis and iii) pH
of 0.1M sodium acetate (pK a of acetic acid= 4.74)
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
Two mark:
1. What are strong acids and bases. Give examples.
2. What are weak acids and bases. Give examples
3. The K a value of Acid (A) is 2 x 106 and Acid (B) is 1.8 x 10-5 at 250C.
Identify the strong acid.
4. Conjugate base of a strong acid is a weak base. Justify your answer.
5. At 250C, the value of Kw is 1.00 x 10-14 and at 400C, it is 2.71 x 10-14.
Why such variation in Kw value is observed?
6. Aqueous solution of NaCl is neutral. Comment on it
7. Aqueous solution of HCl is acidic and solution of NaOH is basic. Why?
8. Express the concentration of H3O+ and OHpresent in a solution, when
concentration of acid and base is less than 10-6 .
9. From Ostwald dilution law, how the concentration of H+ ( H3O+ ) can
be calculated from Ka value.
10. What is buffer capacity?
11. What is salt hydrolysis?
12. How is solubility product is used to decide the precipitation of ions?
13. What is molar solubility?

Three mark:
1. Discuss Arrhenius concept of acids and bases with suitable example.
Give its limitations
2. Distinguish Lewis acids and Lewis bases.
3. What are buffer solution? What are its types?
4. Explain the buffer action in a acidic buffer containing equimolar acetic
acid and sodium acetate.
5. Derive Henderson – Hasselbalch equation to calculate pH of acidic
buffer.
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Five mark:
1. Derive an expression for the hydrolysis constant and degree of
hydrolysis of salt of weak acid and strong base.
2. Derive an expression for the hydrolysis constant and degree of
hydrolysis of salt of weak acid and weak base.
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UNIT – 9 ELECTRO CHEMISTRY

Text book questions:

Two mark:
1. Define anode and cathode.
2. Why does conductivity of a solution decrease on dilution of the
solution.
3. Why is anode in galvanic cell considered to be negative and cathode
positive electrode?
4. Which of 0.1M HCl and 0.1 M KCl do you expect to have greater Λ 0 m
and why?
5. Arrange the following solutions in the decreasing order of specific
conductance.
i) 0.01M KCl ii) 0.005M KCl iii) 0.1M KCl iv) 0.25 M KCl v) 0.5 M
KCl
6. Why is AC current used instead of DC in measuring the electrolytic
conductance?
7. 0.1M NaCl solution is placed in two different cells having cell constant
0.5 and 0.25cm-1 respectively. Which of the two will have greater value of
specific conductance.
8. Two metals M1 and M2 have reduction potential values of -xV and
+yV respectively. Which
will liberate H2 and H2SO4.
9. Reduction potential of two metals M1 and M2 are EOM1+/M1=-2.3 V,
EOM1+/M2=0.3V
Predict which one is better for coating the surface of iron. Given:
EOFe2+/Fe=-0.44 V
10.The emf of the following cell at 25°C is equal to 0.34V. Calculate the
reduction potential of copper electrode.
Pt (s) | H2 (g, 1atm) | H+ (aq, 1M) || Cu2+ (aq1M) |Cu (s)
11. Using the calculated emf value of zinc and copper electrode, calculate
the emf of the following cell at 25°C .
Zn (s) | Zn2+ (aq, 1M) || Cu2+(aq, 1M) | Cu (s)
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Three mark:
1. State Kohlrausch Law. How is it useful to determine the molar
conductivity of weak electrolyte at infinite dilution.
2. State Faraday’s Laws of electrolysis.
3. Can Fe3+ oxidises bromide to bromine under standard conditions?
Given: E Fe 3+/ Fe 2+ = 0.771 V
E . Br2/ Br - = 1.09V
4. Calculate the standard emf of the cell: Cd/Cd 2+ //Cu 2+/ Cu and
determine the cell reaction.
The standard reduction potentials of Cu 2+/ Cu and Cd/Cd 2+ are 0.34V
and -0.40 volts
respectively. Predict the feasibility of the cell reaction.
5. In fuel cell H2 and O2 react to produce electricity. In the process, H2 gas
is oxidized at the
anode and 2 O at cathode. If 44.8 litre of H2 at 25°C and 1atm pressure
reacts in 10 minutes,
what is average current produced? If the entire current is used for electro
deposition of Cu
from Cu2+ , how many grams of deposited?
6. The same amount of electricity was passed through two separate
electrolytic cells containing
solutions of nickel nitrate and chromium nitrate respectively. If 2.935g of
Ni was deposited in
the first cell. The amount of Cr deposited in the another cell? Give : molar
mass of Nickel and
chromium are 58.74 and 52gm-1 respectively.
7. A copper electrode is dipped in 0.1M copper sulphate solution at 25oC .
Calculate the
electrode potential of copper. [Given: Eo Cu2+ / Cu ==0.34V ].
8. Write a note on sacrificial protection.
9. Ionic conductance at infinite dilution of Al3+ and SO4 2- are 189 and
160 mho cm2 equiv-1 . Calculate the equivalent and molar conductance of
the electrolyte Al2(SO4 )3 at infinite dilution.
10. Calculate the molar conductance of 0.01M aqueous KCl solution at
25°C. The specific conductance of KCl at 25°C is 14.114 x 10-2 sm-1
11. The resistance of 0.15N solution of an electrolyte is 50 Ω. The
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specific conductance of the

solution is 2 4. Sm-1 The resistance of 0.5 N solution of the same
electrolyte measured using the same conductivity cell is 480 Ω. Find the
equivalent conductivity of 0.5 N solution of the electrolyte.
12. Write the overall redox reaction which takes place in the galvanic cell,
Pt(s) | Fe2+ (aq) || Fe3+(aq) MnO (aq), H (aq),Mn (aq) | Pt(s)
13. A solution of silver nitrate is electrolysed for 20 minutes with a
current of 2 amperes. Calculate the mass of silver deposited at the
cathode.

Five mark;.
1. Describe the electrolysis of molten NaCl using inert electrodes
2. Describe the construction of Daniel cell. Write the cell reaction.
3. The conductivity of a 0.01M solution of a 1 :1 weak electrolyte at 298K
is 1.5 ×10 -4 S cm −1 .
i) molar conductivity of the solution ii) degree of dissociation and the
dissociation constant of the weak electrolyte
Given that λ cation=248.2 S cm 2 mol-1
λ  anion = 51.8 S cm 2mol-1
4. A current of 1.608A is passed through 250 mL of 0.5M solution of
copper sulphate for 50 minutes. Calculate the strength of Cu 2+ after
electrolysis assuming volume to be constant and the current efficiency is
100%.
5. For the cell Mg (s) /Mg2+(aq) //Ag +(aq) /Ag (s), calculate the
equilibrium constant
at 25oC and maximum work that can be obtained during operation of cell.
Given :
E Mg2+ /Mg=-2.37 V and E Ag+/ Ag =0.80V
6. 8.2 x 1012 litres of water is available in a lake. A power reactor using
the electrolysis of water in the lake produces electricity at the rate of 2 x
106 Cs-1 at an appropriate voltage. How many years would it like to
completely electrolyse the water in the lake. Assume that there is no loss
of water except due to electrolysis.
7. Derive an expression for Nernst equation.
8. Explain the function of H2 –O2 fuel cell.
9. The resistance of a conductivity cell is measured as 190 Ω using 0.1M
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KCl solution (specific conductance of 0.1M KCl is 1.3 Sm-1 ). When the
same cell is filled with 0.003M sodium chloride solution, the measured
resistance is 6.3KΩ. Both these measurements are made at a particular
temperature. Calculate the specific and molar conductance of NaCl
solution.
10. A solution of salt of metal was electrolysed for 150 minutes with a
current of 0.15 amperes. The mass of metal deposited at the cathode is
0.783g. calculate the equivalent mass of the metal.
11. The electrochemical cell reaction of the Daniel cell is
Zn (s) + Cu 2+ (aq) → Zn 2+ (aq)+Cu (s) What is the change in the cell
voltage on increasing the ion concentration in the anode compartment by
a factor 10?

Additional Questions:
Two mark:
1. Check the feasibility of the following redox reaction with the help of
electrochemical series
2. Rusting of iron becomes quicker in saline medium. Explain.
3. Why is standard hydrogen electrode called reversible electrode?
4. Define molar conductance (∧m).
5. Name some process to protect metals from corrosion.
6. Define equivalent conductance.
Three mark:
1. Explain the factors affecting electrolytic conductance.
2. What is electro chemical series? Give its significance
3. The blue colour of copper sulphate solution is slowly discharged when
a rode of zinc is dipped in it.
4. How will you measure the conductivity of ionic solution by using
wheat stone bridge circuit?Explain.
5. Write Debye – Huckel and Onsagar equation.
6. How will you relate emf with Gibb’s free energy?
7. Give IUPAC definition for the following (i) Electrode potential (ii)
Standard electrode potential
Five mark:
1. Explain the variation of molar conductivity with concentration.
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2. Explain the construction of Leclanche cell and Mercury button cell

3. Explain the cell reactions of lead storage battery and Lithium –ion
battery
4. How will you measure single electrode potential?
5. Explain the electrochemical mechanism of corrosion.
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UNIT 10 SURFACE CHEMISTRY

I. Text Book Questions:
Two mark:
1. Give two important characteristics of physisorption.
2. In case of chemisorption, why adsorption first increases and then
decreases with temperature?
3. Which will be adsorbed more readily on the surface of charcoal and
why? NH3 or CO2?
4. Heat of adsorption is greater for chemisorptions than physisorption.
Why?
5. In a coagulation experiment 10 mL of a colloid (X) is mixed with
distilled water and 0.1M solution of an electrolyte AB so that the volume
is 20 mL. It was found that all solutions containing more than 6.6 mL of
AB coagulate within 5 minutes. What is the flocculation values of AB for
sol (X)?
6. Peptising agent is added to convert precipitate into colloidal solution.
Explain with an example.
7. What happens when a colloidal sol of Fe(OH)3 and As2O3 are mixed?
8. What is the difference between a sol and a gel?
9. Addition of Alum purifies water. Why?
10. What are the factors which influence the adsorption of a gas on a
solid?
11. Why does bleeding stop by rubbing moist alum?
12. Why is desorption important for a substance to act as good catalyst?
13. Comment on the statement: Colloid is not a substance but it is a state
of substance
Three mark;
1. Why are lyophillic colloidal sols are more stable than lyophobic
colloidal sols?
2. Give three uses of emulsions.
3. Explain any one method for coagulation
4. Write a note on electro osmosis.
5. Write a note on catalytic poison
6. Explain intermediate compound formation theory of catalysis with an
example.
7. What is the difference between homogenous and heterogenous
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catalysis?
Five mark;
1. Differentiate physisorption and chemisorption.
2. What are enzymes? Write a brief note on the mechanism of enzyme
catalysis
3. Describe some feature of catalysis by Zeolites.
4. Describe adsorption theory of catalysis

Additional questions:
Two mark:
1. What is called positive adsorption and negative adsorption.
2. What are called adsorption isotherms?
3. Give the limitations of Freundlich adsorption isotherm
4. How is Vanaspathi obtained?
5. Define catalyst.
6. Define colloids.
7. What is tyndall effect.
8. What is Brownian movement?
9. Mention and brief the property of colloid, which explains its stability
(or) What is Helmholtz double layer?
10. What is coagulation? Mention the various methods of coagulation
11. What is flocculation value?
12. Define Gold number.
13. What are Emulsions? What are the two types of Emulsions?
14. What is inversion of phases? Give example
15. Give an account on dispersion medium and dispersed phase
16. Mention the dispersion medium of the colloids.
17. Why gas in gas colloid is not following formed?
18. Give the principle involved in the dispersion and condensation
methods of preparation of colloids.
19. Give the advantages of Brownian movement.
20. What is tanning of leather?
Three mark;
1. Distinguish between adsorption and absorption
2. Give the characteristics of adsorption.
3. What is called Adsorption isobar? Give an account on adsorption
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isobars of physisorption and chemisorptions

4. Write note on Freundlich adorption isotherm.
5. How is principle of adsorption employed in the softening of hard water
using permutit?
6. Give an account on ion exchange resins. (or) Explain demineralization
of water using ion exchange resins.
7. What are positive and negative catalysis?
8. What are promoters?
9. Illustrate auto catalysis(or) Ester hydrolysis reaction is slow in the
beginning and becomes faster after sometime. Give reason
10. Give the limitations of intermediate compound formation theory.
11. Write notes on active centers.
12. Explain active centers on the basis of adsorption theory.
13. Give three examples for Enzyme catalysis.
14. Give an account on Nano catalysis.
15. How is colloid of phosphorous or sulphur prepared?
16. Illustrate the method of detection of charge on colloidal particles. Or
Write a note on Electrophoresis.
17. Give an account on protective action of gold sol.
18. What is called emulsification? Mention three types of emulsifications.
19. Discuss the different tests to indentify two types of emulsions, oil in
water (O/W) and water in oil (W/O).
20. What is de-emulsification? Give various de-emulsification techniques.
21. Give the application of cortrell’s precipitator?
22. Write short note on Delta?
23. Distinguish between lyophilic and lyophobic colloids
24. Give the uses of colloids in medicine.
Five mark:
1. Give the characteristics of catalysts
2. Explain the general characteristics of enzyme catalysed reactions
3. Describe phase transfer catalysis.
4. Explain dispersion methods of preparation of colloids in detail.
5. .Explain chemical methods of the preparation of colloids.
6. Explain the methods of purification of colloids by i) Dialysis ii)
Electrodialysis iii) ultrafiltration
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UNIT - 11 HYDROXY DERIVATIVES
TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS
Two mark:
1. Draw the major product formed when 1 – ethoxy prop 1 ene is heated
with one equivalent of HI
2. Can we use nucelophiles such as NH3, CH3O - for the Nucleophilic
substitution of alcohols.
3. What happens when 1-phenyl ethanol is treated with acidified KMnO4.
4. What is Metamerism? Give the structure and IUPAC name of
metamers of 2 – methoxy propane.
5. Suggest a suitable carbonyl compound for the preparation of pent-2-en-
1-ol using LiAlH4
H2SO4//H2O
6. 2-methylpropan-1-ene -------?

7.

8. What happens when m-cresol is treated with acidic solution of sodium

dichromate?
9. When phenol is treated with propan – 2 – ol in the presence of HF ,
Friedel –Craft reaction takes place. Identify the products.
10. Which of the following reaction will give 1-methoxy-4-nitrobenzene.
a. 4-nitro -1- bromobenzene + sodium methoxide
b. b. 4-nitro sodium phenoxide + bromomethane
11. Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their acid
strength. propan1-ol, 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 3, 5-
dinitrophenol, phenol, 4-methylphenol.
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Three mark:
1. Identify the product (s) is / or formed when 1 – methoxy propane is
heated with excess of HI . Name the mechanism involved in the reaction
2. Suggest a suitable reagent to prepare sec – alcohol with identical group
using Grignard reagent.
3. What is the major product obtained when two moles of ethyl
magnesium bromide is treated with methyl benzoate followed by acid
hydrolysis.
3.Predict the major product, when 2-methyl but -2-ene is converted into
an alcohol in each of the following methods.
(i.) Acid catalysed hydration (ii) Hydroboration (iii)Hydroxylation using
Baeyer’s reagent
4. Arrange the following in the increasing order of their boiling point and
give a reason for your ordering
(i) Butan – 2- ol, Butan -1-ol, 2 –methylpropan -2-ol
(ii) Propan -1-ol, propan -1,2,3-triol, propan -1,3 – diol, propan -2-ol
5. Is it possible to oxidise t – butyl alcohol using acidified dichromate to
form a carbonyl compound.
6. Write the mechanism of acid catalysed dehydration of ethanol to give
ethene.
7. How is phenol prepared from a. chloro benzene b. isopropyl benzene.
8. Explain kolbe’s reaction.
9. Write the chemical equation for Williamson synthesis of 2-ethoxy – 2-
methyl pentane starting from ethanol and 2 – methyl pentan -2-ol
10. Write the structure of the aldehyde, carboxylic acid and ester that
yield 4- methylpent -2-en-1-ol.
11. How are the following conversions effected. a. Benzyl chloride to
benzylalcohol b. Benzylalcohol to benzoic acid.

|
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12.

13. Phenol is distilled with Zn dust gives A followed by friedel – crafts

alkylation with propyl chloride to give a compound B, B on oxidation
gives (c) Identify A, B and C.
14.

15.

16. How will you convert acetylene into n-butyl alcohol.

17

18. 3, 3 – dimethylbutan -2-ol on treatment with conc. H2SO4 to give

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tetramethyl ethylene as a major product. Suggest a suitable mechanism.

19. Write all the possible isomers of an alcohol having the molecular
formula C5H12O and give their IUPAC names
20. How will you prepare the following using Grignard reagent.
i) t-butyl alcohol ii) allyl alcohol
21.

22. What is the major product obtained when 2, 3 – dimethyl pentan -3 –

ol is heated in the presence of H2SO4.

23.

24. 1mole of HI is allowed to react with t-butyl methylether. Identify the

product and write down the mechanism of the reaction.

Five mark:
1. Complete the following reactions
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2. 0.44g of a monohydric alcohol when added to methyl magnesium

iodide in ether liberates at STP 112 cm3 of methane with PCC the same
alcohol form a carbonyl compound that answers silver mirror test.
Identify the compound.

3.

ADDITONAL QUESTIONS
Two mark:
1. Write the uses of ethylene glycol.
2. How will you prepare nitroglycerine (TNG)?|
3. Give the uses of glycerol.
4. Write the uses of methanol.
5. Write the uses of ethanol.
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6. What happens when phenol is heated with Zinc dust?

7. Write note on Riemer – Tiemann reaction.
8. Write note on coupling reaction.
9. Write any three tests to differentiate alcohols and phenols.
10., Write the uses of phenol.
11. Give the uses of diethyl ether and anisole.
12. What happens when Anisole reacts with HI?
13.what is swern reaction?
Three mark:
1. How to prepare the following from phenol?
a. 2, 4, 6 – tri bromo phenol b) Picric acid:
2. Explain Phthalein reaction.
Five mark:
1.write short note on lucas test?
2. Explain about victor mayer test.
3.Explain about saytzeff’s rule
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UNIT: 12
CARBONYL COMPOUNDS AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
I. TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS:
Two mark:
1.

2. A Carbonyl compound ‘A’ having molecular formula C5H10O forms

crystalline precipitate with
sodium bisulphite and gives positive iodoform test. A does not reduce
fehling solution.
Identify ‘A’.

3. Write the structure of the major product of the aldol condensation of

benzaldehyde with
acetone.
4

.
5. oxidation of ketones involves carbon - carbon bond cleavage. Name the
product(s) is / are
formed on oxidizing 2,5 - dimethyl hexan - 3 - one sing strong oxidizing
agent

Three mark;
1. How is propanoic acid prepared starting from (a) an alcohol (b) an
alkyl halide (c) an alkene
2
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3.

4.

5.How will you convert benzaldehyde into the following compounds?

i. Benzophenone ii. Benzoic acid
iii. ∝- hydroxy phenylacetic acid.
6. What is the action of HCN on
(i) Propanone (ii) 2,4 dichloro benzaldehyde
(iii) ethanol
7. An alkene (A) on ozonolysis gives propanone and aldehyde (B). When
(B) is oxidized (C) is
obtained. (C) is treated with Br2/P gives (D) which on hydrolysis gives
(E). When propanone is
treated with HCN followed by hydrolysis gives (E). Identify A,B,C,D and
E.
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Fivemark;
1. A compound (A) with molecular formula C2H3N on acid hydrolysis
gives (B) which reacts
with thionylchloride to give compound (c). Benzene reacts with
compound (C) in presence
ofanhydrous AlCl3 to give copound (D). Compound (D) on reduction
with Zn-Hg Con HCl
gives (E). Identity (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) Write the equations.
2. A hydrocarbon (A) (molecular formula C8H10) on ozonolysis gives
(B) (C4H6O2) only. compound
(C3H5Br) on treatment with Magnesium in dry ether gives (D) which on
treatment with CO2
followed by acidification gives (C). identify A,B,C&D
3. How are the following conversions effected.
a) Propanal into butanone
b) Hex-3-yne into hexan-3-one
c) Phenyl methanal into benzoic acid
d) Phenyl methanal into benzion

4. | How will you prepare

(i) Acetic anhydride from acetic acid
(ii) Ethyl acetate from methyl acetate
(iii) Acetamide from methyl cyanide
(iv) Lactic acid from ethanol
(v) Acetephenone from acetyl chloride

5. How will you prepare

(i) Ethane from sodium acetate
(ii) Benzoic acid from tolueue
(iii) Malachite green from benzaldehyde
(iv) Cinnamic acid from benzaldehyde
(v) Acetaldehyde from ethyne
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Additional questions:
Twomark:
1. Write all possible structural isomers and position isomers for the ketone
represented by the
molecular formula C5H10O
2. What happens when n-propyl benzene is oxidized using 𝐇+/KMnO4
3. How will you prepare benzoic acid using grinard reagent?
4. Why is acid anhydride preferred to acyl chloride for carrying
out acylation reactions ?
5.

.
6. How will you prepare propanone from prop-1-yne?
7. Wite about Rosenmund reduction:
8. Explain Stephen’s reaction:
9. Write about Gattermann – Koch reaction.
10. How is urotropine prepared? Write its use?
11. Explain Clemmensen reduction:
12. What is Wolf Kishner reduction? Give example.
13. How are pinacols obtained?
14. Explain Haloform reaction:
15. Give Claisen-Schmidt Condensation:
16. How is Schiff’s base obtained?
17. Mention the Tests for Carboxylic acid:

18. Why acetic acid is less acidic than Formic acid?

19. Why Carboxylic acids have higher boiling point than aldehyeds,
ketones and alcohols of
comparable molecular masses?
20. What is glacial acetic acid? How is it obtained?
21. Formic acid does not undergo HVZ reactive (Hell-Volhard Zelinsky
reaction) but CH3COOH give
HVZ reaction? Why?
22. Explain dry distillation of Calcium ethanoate.
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23. How will you convert acetamide into methyl amine? (or) Explain
Hoffmann’s degradation
reaction.
Three mark:
1. Write the IUPAC name for the following:

2. What happens when the following alkenes are subjected to reductive

ozonolysis ?
i. propene ii. 1-Butene iii. Isobutylene
3. How is hydro benzamide prepared?|
4. What is popoff’s rule? Give example (or) The oxidization of
unsymmetrical ketone is governed
by which rule? State the rule with suitable example
5. Give the tests for Aldehydes:
6. Why formic acid reduces Tollens reagent and Fehlings solution? (or)
Account for reducing
property of formic acid?
7. Write a note on Etard reaction:

Five mark:
1. Give the uses of the following
a) formaldehyde
b) Acetaldehyde
c) Aetone
d) Benzaldehyde
e) Acetophenone
f) Benzophenone
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g) Formic acid
h) Acetic acid
i) benzoic acid:
k) Acetic anhydride
l) Ethyl acetate
2. Write the mechanism of aldol condensation
3. Give the mechanism of cannizaro reaction :
4. Give the mechanism of esterification :
5. Differentiate the following?
(i) Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde
(ii) acetaldehyde and Benzaldehyde
(iii) Acetaldehyde and Acetone

6. Differentiate the following?

(i) Formic acid and Acetic acid
(ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone
(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid
(iv) Pent - 2 - one and Pent - 3 –one
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LESSON -13 ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS

BOOK BACK QUESTIONS
Two mark:
1. Account for the following
Aniline does not undergo friedel craft’s reaction.
2. Account for the following.
Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of
aliphatic amines.
3. Account for the following.
Pk of aniline is more than that of methylamine. b
4. Account for the following.
Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for synthesizing primary
amines
5. Account for the following.
Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not.
6. Account for the following.
Amines are more basic than amides.
7. Account for the following.
Although amino group is o & p - directing in aromatic electrophilic
substitution reactions, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of
m-nitroaniline.
8.Arrange the following:

9.
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Three mark:
1. Write down the possible isomers of the C4 H 9NO2 give their IUPAC
Names.
2. Write short notes on the following
i)Hofmann’s bromamide reaction
ii)Ammonolysis
3. Write short notes on the following
i)Gabriel phthalimide synthesis
ii. Schotten – Baumann reaction

2. There are two isomers with the formula CH3NO2. How will you
distinguish
between them?
3. Arrange the following:

4. Arrange the following:

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5.

6. How will you convert diethylamine into

i) N, N - diethylacetamide
ii) N – nitrosodiethylamine

7.

8.
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9.

10. A dibromo derivative (A) on treatment with KCN followed by acid

hydrolysis and heating gives a monobasic acid (B) along with liberation
of CO 2. (B) on heating with liquid ammonia followed by treating with
2Br / KOH gives ( C ) which on treating with NaNO 2and HCl at low
temperature followed by oxidation gives a monobasic acid (D) having
molecular mass 74. Identify A to D.
11.

12.

13. Predict the major product that would be obtained on nitration of the
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following Compounds.

14.

15.
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Five mark:
1. What happens when?
I) 2 - nitropropane boiled with HCl
ii) Nitrobenzene undergo electrolytic reduction in strongly acidic medium
iii) Oxidation of tert - butylamine with KMnO4
iv) Oxidation of acetoneoxime with trifluoroperoxy acetic acid.

2. How will you convert nitrobenzene into

I. 1,3,5 trinitrobenzene
ii. o and p - nitrophenol
iii. m - nitro aniline
iv. azoxy benzene
v. hydroazobenzene
vi. N - Phenylhydroxylamine
vii. aniline

3.
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4. Write short notes on the following

a. Carbylamine reaction
b. Mustard oil reaction
c. Coupling reaction
d. Diazotisation
e. Gomberg reaction
5. How will you distinguish between primary, Secondary and Tertiary
aliphatic amines.
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6. How will you prepare propan - 1 - amine from

i) Butane nitrile
ii) Propanamide
iii) 1 - nitropropane

Additional Questions:
Two mark;
1. Write the tautomers of Nitromethane. b) Why tertiary nitro alkanes do
not exhibit tautomerism?
2. Compare the acid strength of the following compounds i) Nitro
methane
ii) Nitro ethane iii) 2 - nitro propane
3. What is chloropicrin ? How is it prepared? Give its uses.
4. Explain - Nef Carbonyl Synthesis.
5. Amines are basic. Justify this statement?
6. Give a test for aniline?
7. Explain Gattermann reaction
8 .Convert Benzene diazonium chloride into phenol
9. Starting from methyl magnesium bromide, how would you obtain
ethane nitrile
10. Convert methyl isocyanide to methyl cyanide
11. Write sandmeyer reaction
12. Write Libermann’s nitroso test
13. What is Oil of mirbane? How is it prepared
14. Write Baltz - Schiemann reaction.
15. Write the structures for the following
a) Benzene Carbonitrile
b) 3-Cyanobutanoicacid
c) 2-Bromo-3-chloro-3- methyl
16. Write Thorpe - nitrile Condensation
17. What are the uses of aliphatic nitro alkanes
18. Mention the uses of nitrobenzene
19. Write the uses of mitomycin
20. Leavine and Hauser acetylation
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21. Aryl amines cannot be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.

Give reasons?
Three mark;
1. Write the IUPAC names for the following structure.

2.Write the IUPAC names for the following structures:

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Five mark;
1. Explain the isomerism exhibited by nitro alkanes in C 4 H 9NO 2
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unit-14 BIOMOLECULES
Text Book Questions:
Two mark:
1. What type of linkages hold together monomers of DNA?
2. Name the Vitamins whose deficiency cause i) rickets ii) scurvy
3. Write the Zwitter ion structure of alanine.
4. Write a short note on peptide bond.
5. Why carbohydrates are generally optically active.
6. How are vitamins classified.
7. Classify the following into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and
polysaccharides i) Starch ii) Fructose iii) Sucrose iv) Lactose v) Maltose
8. Write the structure of all possible dipeptides which can be obtained
from glycine and alanine.
9. Define enzymes.
10. Write the structure of 𝜶 – D(+) glucophyranose.
11. What are the different types of RNA which are found in cell?
Three mark;
1. Give the difference between primary and secondary structure of
proteins.
2. Give any three difference between DNA and RNA.
3. Give two difference between Hormones and Vitamins.
4. Write a note on denaturation of Proteins.
5. What are reducing and non- reducing sugars.
6. What are hormones? Give examples.
7. Write a note on formation of 𝜶-helix.
8. What are the functions of lipids in living organisms.
Additional questions
Two mark:
1. What are monosaccharides? Give example.
2. What are disaccharides? Give example.
3. What are polysaccharide? Give example.
4. What are polysaccharide? Give example.
5. What is epimerization.
6. Sucrose is called as invert sugar? Why?
7. Write a short note on the structure of sucrose (or) sucrose is a
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nonreducing sugar. Justify.

8. What is glycosidic linkage?
9. Lactose is a reducing sugar? Justify.
10. Maltose acts as a reducing sugar justify.
11. What is isoelectric point.
12. What are the components of nucleic acids?
13. Human cannot use cellulose as food? Why?
14. What are nucleoside and nucleotide.
15. Give the Biological functions of nucleic acids.
16. Write a note on DNA finger printing.
Three mark;
1. Write a note on a starch.
2. Write two difference between Amylose and Amylopectin
3. Write the importance of carbohydrates?
4. What are Zwitter ions?
5. How are proteins classified? Explain.
6. Give the importance of proteins.
7. Give the catalytic activity of the following enzymes i) Carbonic
anhydrase ii) Sucrase ii) Lactase.
8. What are the types of RNA? Write its functions. Explain.
9. What are anomers
Five mark
1. Elucidate the structure of glucose.
2. Elucidate the structure of fructose.
3. Explain the method of DNA finger printing.
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UNIT 15 CHEMISTRY IN EVERDAY LIFE

Text Book Questions:
Two mark:
1. Which chemical is responsible for the antiseptic properties of dettol?
2. What are antibiotics?
3. Name one substance which can act as both analgesic and antipyretic.
4. Why do soaps not work in hard water?
5. How the tranquilizers work in body?
6. Write the structural formula of aspirin.
7. Which sweetening agents are used to prepare sweets for a diabetic
patient?
8. Write a note on co- polymer
9. Classify the following as linear, branched or cross linked polymers.
a) Bakelite b) Nylon c) polythene
Three mark;
1. Write a note on synthetic detergents.
2. How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants?
3. What are food preservatives?
4. What are drugs? How are they classified?
5. What are narcotic and non-narcotic drugs. Give examples
6. What are antifertility drugs? Give examples
7. What are bio degradable polymers? Give examples.
8. How is terylene prepared?
9. Write a note on vulcanization of rubber?
10. Differentiate thermoplastic and thermosetting
Five mark
1.Explain the mechanism of cleansing action of soaps of detergents
Additional questions:
Two mark:
1. Define the term therapeutic index?
2. What are Antihistamines? Give examples.
3. Define saponificaiton.
4. Define TFM value.
5. How Teflon is prepared?
6. How orlon (PAN) is prepared?
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7. How Nylon -2 - Nylon-6 is prepared?

Three mark;
1. Explain the terms (i) drug (ii) medicine (iii) chemotherapy
2. Write short notes on (i) antagonists (ii) agonists
3. Explain the action of antagonist and agonist with examples.
4. What are antacids? Give examples?
5. Write short notes on Antioxidant with example.
6. Explain the types of polyethene (LDPE, HDPE)
7. How Nylon 6,6 is prepared? Give its use.
8. How Nylon-6 is prepared? Give its uses.
9. How is melamine prepared? Give its uses
10. How Buna-N rubber prepared? Mention its uses.
11. How PHBV polymer is prepared? Mention its uses.
12. How Buna-S rubber is prepared?
Five mark
1. Explain Anaesthetics with example.
2. Explain the mechanism followed in free radical polymerization.
3. Explain the preparation of Bakelite.

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