MARK RHONCHEL B.

RAFAEL NOVEMBER 30, 2O23

BS ARCHITECTURE - 1C
HOA 1

GREEK ARCHITECTURE EXAMPLES

ACROPOLIS

The Acropolis of Athens is an ancient citadel on a rocky outcrop above Athens, Greece,
that contains the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historical
significance, the most famous of which is the Parthenon. The term Acropolis is derived from the
Greek words ov (akron, "highest point, extremity") and (polis, "city"). The Acropolis of Athens
is one of the world's most famous ancient archaeological sites. It is a UNESCO World Heritage
site with several temples, the most famous of which is the Parthenon. The Acropolis is situated
on a flattish-topped rock 150 meters (490 feet) above sea level in Athens, with a surface area of
approximately 3 ha (7.4 acres). Attica has been home to people since the Early Neolithic period,
which is represented by artifacts that date to the Middle Neolithic era (6th millennium BC).
There is little doubt that in the late Bronze Age, a Mycenaean megaron palace stood upon the
hill. All that remains of this megaron is most likely a single limestone column base and
fragments of multiple sandstone steps. A massive Cyclopean circuit wall, measuring 760 meters
in length, up to 10 meters in height, and 3.5 to 6 meters in thickness, was built not long after the
palace. This wall would act as the principal barrier protecting the acropolis from the end of the
Helladic IIIB (1300–1200 BC) until the fifth century.

AGORA
An open area where residents gathered to engage in a variety of activities. The name, which
appears for the first time in Homer's works, suggests both the physical location and the gathering
of people. It was used by the classical Greeks of the fifth century BCE to describe daily
religious, political, judicial, social, and commercial activities that they considered to be typical
aspects of their lives. The agora was situated either close to the harbor, which was ringed with
temples and public buildings, or in the center of the city. Statues, altars, trees, and fountains
adorned the often-enclosed space, which was occasionally surrounded by colonnades that housed
shops or stores. At this time, it was common practice to keep the agora separate from the town as
a whole. The East has been searched for earlier agora stages, and has produced better results in
Minoan Crete (at Ayiá Triádha, for example) and Mycenaean Greece (at Tiryns, for example).

GYMNASIUM

A sizable space, utilized and outfitted for the execution of multiple sports. The gymnasium has a
long history in ancient Greece, when the word gymnasium literally meant "school for naked
exercise." The Greeks placed a high value on gymnasiums, and every significant city had at least
one. These, which were typically constructed by the state, evolved from simple exercise
locations to imposing buildings with locker rooms, showers, training areas, and dedicated spaces
for competitions. Originally, instead of the palaestrae, which were private schools where boys
were trained in physical exercises, gymnasiums were public institutions where male athletes over
the age of eighteen received training for competition in the public games of that era.
Gymnasiarchs, public officials in charge of overseeing competitions and overseeing schools,
were also in charge of managing games and sports at public festivals. They were also tasked with
keeping an eye on the competitors and the gymnasiums. The athletes' instructors, trainers, and
coaches were the gymnasts. Public libraries were close by, and the Greek gymnasiums hosted
talks and debates on philosophy, literature, and music.
PROPYLAEA

The Propylaia, also known as the Propylaea, served as a colossal entryway to the Acropolis rock.
An imposing structure encircles the plateau's natural entrance; historically, access to it was
gained by an inclined ramp that took guests directly up the steps in front of the Propylaia. Later,
the Romans constructed a more spectacular ramp that led tourists in a zigzag pattern up to the
Acropolis entrance. The project's architect, Mnesikles, started work as soon as the Parthenon's
primary construction was finished in 437 BCE. However, when the Peloponnesian War broke out
five years later, work came to an abrupt halt. At this point, the Propylaea was nearly finished,
save for a few minor details that needed attention. The most prominent ones are the stone bosses
that protruded from the building's north wall and a few sections of the marble roof on the west
end. According to some academics, the Propylaia's construction was halted to conserve resources
for the conflict. The roof of the central wing of the Propylaia, a Doric-style building, is
supported by a few Ionic columns. It was an intricate construction that required careful planning
and construction, and it was obviously intended to leave a lasting impression on the oncoming
visitor.

STADIUM

Built as a stadium in Athens, Greece, for the 1896 Summer Olympics. It is the only stadium in
the world made entirely of marble, having been constructed on the site of the ancient stadium
used for the Panathenaean games.
Commencing circa 566 BCE, the Panathenaic Games were conducted every four years, most
likely serving as a rival event to the Olympiac Games. The stadium was originally erected in 330
BCE and had a rectangular shape. The stadium was rebuilt thanks to funding provided by the
Athens writer Herodes Atticus during the Roman occupation of Athens in the second century
CE. This time, it was constructed out of marble, shaped like a horseshoe, and enlarged to hold
about 50,000 spectators. Built on a Roman scale, it was designed in the classical Athenian style.
The first competition might have taken place in 143 CE. The stadium was eventually forgotten
after Emperor Theodosius I banned the Olympics and Panathenaea in 393 on the grounds that
they were pagan festivals.

STOA

A freestanding colonnade or covered walkway, as well as a long, open structure with a roof
supported by one or more rows of columns running parallel to the back wall, are examples of
Greek architecture. One of the best examples is the Athens Stoa of Attalos. Stoae formed public
promenades and business areas, encircling sanctuaries and marketplaces. Sometimes a second
story was added, and rooms would back onto the colonnade.

THEATER
Originating in Athens in the sixth century BCE, theater was a significant civic and religious
event in ancient Greece. It involved satyr plays, comedies, and tragedies being performed at
festivals dedicated to Dionysus, the god of wine, dancing, and theater. The plays were presented
in amphitheaters with half-moon-shaped seating for the audience, an altar, and a circular area for
the actors. The theater, which flourished throughout the Mediterranean, was a celebration of
human skill inspired by the gods.

TEMPLES

The temple was the most significant and common type of building in ancient Greece.The earliest
stone temples date to the early 6th century BC, and during the following century they started to
proliferate. Greek temples were typically built to house a cult statue or emblem. Religions did
not require their followers to congregate within temples in order to worship, and their temples
served mainly as memorials to the gods. The enormous columns are the most identifiable aspect
of the Greek temple. The three types of columns used by the Greeks were corinthian, ionic, and
doric. An example of this is the Parthenon, The Parthenon is a temple that looms over the
Acropolis hill in Athens, is one example of this. Constructed during the middle of the 5th century
BCE, it was devoted to the Greek goddess Athena Parthenos, also known as "Athena the Virgin."
Generally speaking, the temple represents the pinnacle of the Doric order's development—the
most straightforward of the three classical Greek architectural orders.