STT Vocabulary Meaning Vietnamese meaning Note

1 chronicle a written record, history, story of

historical events. ˈkrɒnɪkl̩
2 timekeeping the activity of recording the time
something takes ˈtaɪmˌkiːpɪŋ
coming, start, arrival, the time when
3 advent something first begins to be widely
used. ˈædvent
organize, manage, direct, to make
4 co-ordinate various, separate things work
together. kəʊˈɔːdnɪt
shared, common, public, relating or
5 communal belonging to all the people living in a
particular. ˈkɒmjʊnl̩
6 regulate control, adjust, standardize. ˈreɡjʊleɪt
7 solar relating to the Sun ˈsəʊlə
alignment, centre line, (the imaginary
8 axis line around which a large round
object, such as the Earth). ˈæksɪs
9 lunar relating to the Moon. ˈluːnə
10 orbit circle, revolve around, travel around,
go around, ˈɔːbɪt
go together with, come with, be
11 accompany associated with, happen with, appear
with. əˈkʌmpəni
12 artificial man-made, synthetic, non-natural.
ɑːtɪˈfɪʃl̩
13 equator an imaginary line drawn around the
middle of the Earth. ɪˈkweɪtə
14 wax and wane to increase and decrease over time.
ˈwæks ənd weɪn
15 conspicuous obvious, clear, noticeable. kən
ˈspɪkjʊəs
the distance north or south of the
16 latitude equator, measured in degrees.
ˈlætɪtjuːd
17 clime zone, region, a place that has a
particular type of climate. klaɪm
18 crucial vital, fundamental, essential,
important, necessary, key. ˈkruːʃl̩
19 formulate invent, create, make, develop.
ˈfɔːmjʊleɪt
20 municipal civic, public, community, #private.
mjuːˈnɪsɪpl̩
The decans (Egyptian) are 36 groups
21 decan of stars (small constellations) used in
the Ancient Egyptian astronomy.
ˈdɛk(ə)n
22 cosmic relating to space or the universe.
ˈkɒzmɪk
23 interval intermission, interlude, break. ˈɪntəvl̩
a unit of time used in the past that
24 temporal hours divided the daylight into an equal
number of hours, ˈtempərəl ˈaʊəz
25 duration the length of time that something
lasts. djʊˈreɪʃn̩
solstice, one of the two times in a
26 equinox year when night and day are of equal
length.ˈiːkwɪnɒks
27 adopt accept, approve, implement, apply,
#reject əˈdɒpt
spread, publish, distribute. dɪ
28 disseminate
ˈsemɪneɪt
29 track follow, trace, pursue. træk
30 sundial an object used in the past for telling
the time. ˈsʌndaɪəl
31 counterpart equal, colleague, equivalent.
ˈkaʊntəpɑːt
32 drip drop, come out, leak, #stream. drɪp
33 denote indicate, represent, refer to, #connote
dɪˈnəʊt
dunk, immerse, to put something into
34 dip a liquid for a very short time and take
it out again. dɪp
35 inscribed engrave, carve, to carefully cut, print
or write on smt ɪnˈskraɪbd
pleasing, reasonable, acceptable,
36 satisfactory adequate, #unsatisfactory sætɪs
ˈfæktəri
37 arise rise, ascend, appear, # retire əˈraɪz
 change, grow, advance, to develop
38 evolve and change gradually over a long
period of time. ɪˈvɒlv
39 scheme plan, idea, method. skiːm
40 divide split, separate, distribute, allocate,
#join. dɪˈvaɪd
41 astronomical relating to the scientific study of the
stars. æstrəˈnɒmɪkl̩
replace, supplant, displace. suːpə
42 supersede
ˈsiːd
43 commence start, begin, originate. kəˈmens
weight-driven a clock using a pendulum weɪt -
44 mechanical clock ˈdrɪvən mɪˈkænɪkl̩ ˈklɒk
45 descend downward, fall, drop, go down. dɪ
ˈsend
a piece of machinery in a clock from
46 escapement the spring or weight to a wheel. ɪ
ˈskeɪpmənt
47 mainspring the most important spring in a watch
or clock. ˈmeɪnsprɪŋ
a long metal stick with weight at the
48 pendulum bottom that swings regularly from
side to side to control the working of
a clock. ˈpendjʊləm
the anchor a type of escapement used in
49 escapement pendulum clocks ðiˈæŋkər ɪ
ˈskeɪpmənt
50 escape wheel a toothed wheel in the scapement of
a watch or clock. ɪˈskeɪp ˈwiːl̩
51 precise exact, correct, accurate. prɪˈsaɪs
52 original initial, earliest (existing or happening
first). əˈrɪdʒn̩ əl
53 permit allow, enable, facilitate. pəˈmɪt
54 accurate correct, precise, exact. ˈækjərət
is a clock that uses an electronic
a quartz-crystal oscillator that is regulated by a quartz
55 clock crystal to keep time. ə kwɔːts- ˈkrɪstl
ˈklɒk
to transport somebody to or from a
56 beam down spaceship using special electronic
equipment. biːm daʊn
57 calibrate standardize, adjust, regulate.
ˈkælɪbreɪt
58 precision accuracy, exactness, correctness. prɪ
ˈsɪʒn̩
routing, direction-finding the science
59 navigation or job of planning which way you
need to go when you are travelling
from one place to another nævɪˈɡeɪʃn̩
connected, central, internal, forming
60 integral a necessary part of something.
ˈɪntɪɡrəl
61 dependency reliance, enslavement, craving. dɪ
ˈpendənsi
62 establishment founding, launch, creation. ɪ
ˈstæblɪʃmənt
federal Aviation a national authority with powers to
Administration regulate all aspects of flying in
63 (FAA) of the aircraft. ˈfedərəl ˌeɪviˈeɪʃn̩ ədˌmɪnɪ
United States ˈstreɪʃn̩ (FAA)
64 congested full of traffic, overfilled, blocked,
crowded, #empty, #clear kənˈdʒestɪd
65 procedure process, way, method. prəˈsiːdʒə
66 rudimentary basic, elementary, simple,
fundamental # advanced ruːdɪˈmentri
67 manually by hand, physically, # mental
ˈmænjʊəli
vicinity (of neighborhood, locality, surrounding
68 something) area vɪˈsɪnɪti
69 beacon signal, sign, warning light, ˈbiːkən
70 purely entirely, wholly, totally, completely,#
partly ˈpjʊəli
71 metropolitan urban, municipal, civic metrəˈpɒlɪtən
72 regulation control, guideline, adjustment, rule.
reɡjʊˈleɪʃn̩
lucky, fortunate, miraculous. fɔː
73 fortuitous
ˈtjuːɪtəs
74 advent arrival, beginning, initiation,
#departure ˈædvent
an engine that pushes out a stream
75 jet engine of hot air and gases behind it, used in
aircraft ˈdʒet ˈendʒɪn
 the degree to which a calculation
76 margin of error might or can be wrong ˈmɑːdʒɪnəv
ˈerə
comprise, be made up of, be
77 consist of compose of, comprise, make up. kən
ˈsɪst ɒv
78 realise recognize, understand, comprehend,
# misunderstand ˈrɪəlaɪz
adapt, acclimatize, adjust. ə
79 accommodate
ˈkɒmədeɪt
80 put into effect to make a plan or idea happen ˈpʊt
ˈɪntə ɪˈfekt
81 virtually almost, nearly, near. ˈvɜːtʃʊəli
82 blanket to cover something with a thick layer.
ˈblæŋkɪt
83 regulation rule, guideline, directive. reɡjʊˈleɪʃn̩
84 bind require, force, oblige. baɪnd
85 recreation fun, enjoyment, pleasure, good/great
time, a blast, entertainment,
relaxation, leisure.
86 rekrɪˈeɪʃn̩ relaxation, leisure. rekrɪˈeɪʃn̩
87 impose force, require, obey, make rules. ɪm
ˈpəʊz
88 afford give, offer, provide, allow. əˈfɔːd
89 meteorological atmospheric, climatic, weather.
miːtjərəˈlɒdʒɪkl̩
90 reliance dependence, rely on, hinge on. rɪ
ˈlaɪəns
91 necessitate essential, require, need, demand. nɪ
ˈsesɪteɪt
92 cue signal, indication, clue. kjuː
93 altitude height above sea level. ˈæltɪtjuːd
94 navigation direction-finding, steering, routing.
nævɪˈɡeɪʃn̩
95 devise plan, develop, create, set up. dɪˈvaɪz
96 possess own, have, hold, keep, #lack pəˈzes
97 designate elect, label, entitle, define. ˈdezɪɡneɪt
98 stem from arise from, originate from, come
from. stem frɒm
99 turboprop an aircraft that gets power from this
type of engine. tɜːbəʊˈprɒp
100 realm area, space, range, field. relm
101 instrumentation the set of instruments used to help in
controlling a machine ɪnstrʊmenˈteɪʃn̩
102 correspond realate, tally, link, match up. kɒrɪ
ˈspɒnd
103 municipal civic, public, community, #private
mjuːˈnɪsɪpl̩
104 encompass include, cover, contain, #exclude ɪn
ˈkʌmpəs
105 rigorous precise, careful, accurate ˈrɪɡərəs
106 explicit clear, precise, exact, #implicit. ɪk
ˈsplɪsɪt
107 govern rule, oversee, manage, control,
regulate. ˈɡʌvn̩
108 cruise fly, travel, take off, voyage. kruːz
109 license certificate, pass, card, permit. ˈlaɪsns
110 telepathy mind-reading, thought transference,
extrasensory perception tɪˈlepəθi
111 spark provoke, cause, trigger. spɑːk
112 controversy argument, disagreement, debate,
public discussion. ˈkɒntrəvɜːsi
113 academic a teacher in a college or university.
ækəˈdemɪk
the scientific study of mysterious
abilities that some people claim to
114 parapsychology have, such as knowing what will
happen in the future. pærəsaɪ
ˈkɒlədʒi
115 derision laughter, ridicule, contempt. dɪˈrɪʒn̩
116 sceptical doubtful, untruthful, suspicious.
ˈskeptɪkl̩
117 implication suggestion, insinuation, association.
ɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn̩
118 uncover discover, reveal, expose ʌnˈkʌvə
make up, establish, create.
119 constitute ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt
120 compelling forceful, convincing, persuasive, very
interesting and exciting. kəmˈpelɪŋ
 the brink of a situation when you are almost in a
121 something new situation, usually a bad one ðə
brɪŋk əv ˈsʌmθɪŋ
122 collapse fail, end, break down. kəˈlæps
123 definitive ultimate, perfect, best. dɪˈfɪnətɪv
124 sceptic cynic, doubter, questioner #believer.
ˈskeptɪk
125 advocate supporter, promoter, believer.
ˈædvəkeɪt
126 concur agree, correspond, coincide #conflict
kənˈkɜː

meditation=the
practice of
emptying your
mind of thoughts
127 and feelings, in
order to relax
completely or for meditation=the practice of emptying
religious reasons. your mind of thoughts and feelings, in
medɪˈteɪʃn̩ order to relax completely or for
religious reasons. medɪˈteɪʃn̩
128 suspect doubt, distrust, disbelieve. səˈspekt
129 faint pale, unclear, weak #strong feɪnt
130 swamp overwhelm, inundate, drown swɒmp
131 tranquility calm, quiet, silence, # bustle. træn
ˈkwɪlɪti
132 reclining rest, lie down, lounge, #stand rɪ
ˈklaɪnɪŋ
133 sealed closed, to formally approve an
agreement. siːld
134 experiment test, trial, research ɪkˈsperɪmənt
135 identification recognition, classification.
distinguishing aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩
136 attempt try, make an effort, have a shot. ə
ˈtempt
137 beam send out, radiate, emit biːm
138 analyze examine, scrutinize, investigate.
ˈænəlaɪz
139 pioneer creator, discoverer, inventor,
forerunner paɪəˈnɪə
140 typical usual, normal, standard, average.
ˈtɪpɪkl̩
141 statistical numerical, arithmetic, arithmetical.
stəˈtɪstɪkl̩
142 flaw fault, error, mistake. flɔː
143 overlook fail to notice, fail to see, miss. əʊvə
ˈlʊk

conventional
=traditional, usual,
144 conservative. kən
ˈvenʃn̩ əl conventional =traditional, usual,
conservative. kənˈvenʃn̩ əl
145 prove show, confirm, demonstrate. pruːv
146 sensory relating to the feelings of your body
rather than your mind. ˈsensəri
147 leakage escape, outflow, drip. ˈliːkɪdʒ
148 outright clear and direct, absolute, complete.
ˈaʊtraɪt
149 fraud dishonesty, scam, deception. frɔːd
150 involvement participation, connection,
contribution. ɪnˈvɒlvmənt
imposing, inspiring, striking. ɪm
151 impressive ˈpresɪv
152 disturb perturb, concern, worry, bother. dɪ
ˈstɜːb
153 consistency constancy, steadiness, stability. kən
ˈsɪstənsi
154 defender protector, supporter, guard. dɪˈfendə
155 marginally slightly, just over, a bit ˈmɑːdʒɪnəli
156 detect discover, find out, reveal, notice. dɪ
ˈtekt
157 apparent obvious, clear, seeming. əˈpærənt
normal, typical,
158 mainstream conventional,#unconventional
ˈmeɪnstriːm
159 plausible reasonable, possible, believable.
ˈplɔːzəbl̩
160 put forward state, suggest, propose ˈpʊtˈfɔːwəd
 obscure, mysterious, cryptic, (known
161 esoteric and understood by only a few people
who have special knowledge about
something). esəʊˈterɪk
162 quantum a unit of energy in nuclear physics.
ˈkwɒntəm
163 entanglement a difficult situation or relationship that
is hard to escape from. ɪnˈtæŋɡlmənt
the smallest part of an element that
164 atom can exist alone or can combine with
other substances to form a molecule.
ˈætəm
165 prompt stimulate, provoke, motivate prɒmpt
166 probing inquisitive, analytical, penetrating.
ˈprəʊbɪŋ
167 trial test, experiment, examination. ˈtraɪəl
168 mixture combination, blend, hybrid, amalgam.
ˈmɪkstʃə
metal or rock has been made into a
169 molten liquid by being heated to a very high
temperature. ˈməʊltən
170 harden solidify, freeze, consolidate, #soften
ˈhɑːdn̩
171 involve associate, engage, connect, link. ɪn
ˈvɒlv
172 unblemished flawless, perfect, untarnished, #
flawed, #imperfect ʌnˈblemɪʃt
173 labour work, employment, hard work,
manual labor ˈleɪbə
concentrated, rigorous, thorough,
exhaustive, #easy (tens=strain,
174 intensive stretch .i.e tension,extension) ɪn
ˈtensɪv
continuous
=uninterruptedly,
endlessly,
175 nonstop, continuous =uninterruptedly,
#intermittently kən endlessly, nonstop, #intermittently
ˈtɪnjʊəs kənˈtɪnjʊəs
176 ribbon length, stretch, strip ˈrɪbən
 a piece of wood, metal or plastic,
177 roller shaped like a tube, that rolls over and
over. ˈrəʊlə
a machine used in former times to
178 mangle remove water from washed clothes
by pressing them between two rollers
ˈmæŋɡl̩
179 virtually almost, nearly, practically. ˈvɜːtʃʊəli
180 non-stop continuously, constantly, endlessly.
ˈnɒnˈstɒp
181 polished shined, cleaned, rubbed, sparkled, #
tarnished. ˈpɒlɪʃt
182 rub away erode, wipe out, wear away ˈrʌb ə
ˈweɪ
183 manufacture production, creation, making. mænjʊ
ˈfæktʃə
184 tinted coloured, painted, decorated. ˈtɪntɪd
185 coated covered, layered, encrusted. ˈkəʊtɪd
186 eliminate get rid of, remove, eradicate, reject,
#retain ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt
187 float the surface of a liquid fləʊt
a soft silver-white metal that is often
188 tin used to cover and protect iron and
steel ˈtɪn
189 concept idea, perception, belief ˈkɒnsept
190 rely on depend on, count on, trust rɪˈlaɪ ɒn
the force that causes something to
191 gravity fall to the ground or to be attracted to
another planet ɡrævɪti
192 guarantee ensure, assure. ɡærənˈtiː
193 pour drizzle, tip, spill, splash. pɔː
194 horizontal flat, smooth, straight hɒrɪˈzɒntl̩
two lines, paths etc that are parallel
to each other are the same distance
195 parallel apart along their whole length
ˈpærəlel
196 tension stress pressure, strain. ˈtenʃn̩
197 fortunate lucky, happy, chance. ˈfɔːtʃənət
198 coincidence when two things happen at the same
time kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns
199 convince persuade, encourage, influence. kən
ˈvɪns
200 full-scale full-sized, complete, #partial fʊl ˈskeɪ
201 plant factory, workshop, manufacturing
works. plɑːnt
marketable goods, skills etc can be
202 marketable sold easily because people want
them ˈmɑːkɪtəbl̩
203 optical visual, ocular, photosensitive. ˈɒptɪkl̩
204 refine purify, filter, distill, # contaminate rɪ
ˈfaɪn
to change something so that its parts
205 homogenise become similar or the same.
(hom=same .i.e
homogeneous,
206 homosexual) hə homogeneous, homosexual) hə
ˈmɒdʒənaɪz ˈmɒdʒənaɪz
207 simultaneously at the same time, concurrently,
instantaneously sɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli
208 furnace heater, boiler, oven. ˈfɜːnɪs
209 occur happen, take place, befall əˈkɜː
210 deliver transport, bring, carry, send. dɪˈlɪvə
211 relieved released, eased, alleviated, reduced,
mitigated rɪˈliːvd
212 dramatically radically, noticeably, considerably,
significantly. drəˈmætɪkl̩ i
213 range variety, series, array. reɪndʒ
214 mar spoil, ruin, detract from something,
undermine mɑː
215 inspection review, examination, assessment. ɪn
ˈspekʃn̩
216 grain small piece, little bit, granule ɡreɪn
217 tremor shake, tremble, vibration ˈtremə
218 ripple wave, undulation, wrinkle, #stillness
ˈrɪpl̩
219 measurement dimension, size, extent. ˈmeʒəmənt
220 unaided bear, unprotected, unassisted ʌn
ˈeɪdɪd
221 flaw defect, mistake, fault. flɔː
222 unaided unassisted, without help. ʌnˈeɪdɪd
223 steer drive, guide, direct. stɪə
224 cutter a tool that is used for cutting
something. ˈkʌtə
225 climatic relating to the weather in a particular
area. klaɪˈmætɪk
226 shift change, alteration, modification ʃɪft
227 embark on start, begin, get on ɪmˈbɑːk ɒn
228 oppose versus, against, contrasted with.
(op=against .i.e, opposition) əˈpəʊz
at the mercy of
=unable to do
anything to protect
229 yourself from at the mercy of =unable to do
someone or anything to protect yourself from
something ət ðə someone or something ət ðə ˈmɜːsi
ˈmɜːsi ɒv ɒv
230 existence being, survival, #extinction ɪɡˈzɪstəns
231 glacial icy, freezing, cold, # tropical ˈɡleɪsɪəl
unusual, abnormal, #proper
232 irregular (regul=rule .i.em regular, regulation) ɪ
ˈreɡjʊlə
233 dazzling bright, strong, brilliant, harsh. ˈdæzl̩ ɪŋ
using every opportunity to gain
power, money, or unfair advantages
234 opportunism – used to show disapproval.ɒpə
ˈtjuːnɪzəm
235 unaccustomed unfamiliar, unusual, different,
strange. ʌnəˈkʌstəmd
236 stock-raising to look after animals ˈstɒkˌreɪzɪŋ
a society that is well organized and
developed, used especially about a
237 civilisation particular place or particular time
(civ=citizen .i.e civic, civilian) sɪvəl-aɪ
ˈzeɪʃən
238 famine scarcity, food crisis, food shortage.
ˈfæmɪn
a large mass of ice which moves
239 glacier slowly down a mountain valley
ˈɡlæsɪə
240 unprecedented extraordinary, first-time exceptional,
unusual, #ordinary ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd
241 seesaw alternation, oscillation, swing. ˈsiːsɔː
242 irregular random, erratic, variable #regular ɪ
ˈreɡjʊlə
243 interaction communication, contact, interface.
ɪntəˈrækʃn̩
244 switch change, shift, adjustment. swɪtʃ
suddenly and unexpectedly
245 abruptly (rupt=break .i.e disrupt, interrupt) ə
ˈbrʌptli
246 mild slight, minor, weak, warm maɪld
a period of unusually hot weather,
247 heat wave especially one that continues for a
long time, #cold spell hi:t weɪv
rebuilding, recreate, modernize
248 reconstruct (struct=build .i.e construction,
structure) riːkənˈstrʌkt
249 observation surveillance, scrutiny, watching,
#neglect ɒbzəˈveɪʃn̩
250 proxy substitution, deputation, delegation
ˈprɒksi
251 supplement addition, extra, complement. (ple=fill,
full .i.e replete, plethora) ˈsʌplɪment
one of the rings that you can see in a
252 tree-ring tree trunk (=centre part) if you cut
through it. triː- rɪŋ
a half of the Earth, especially one of
253 hemisphere the halves above and below the
equator (hemi=half.i.e hemicycle,
hemicube) ˈhemɪsfɪə
254 amplify increase, strengthen, #reduce
ˈæmplɪfaɪ
255 drill pierce, penetrate, make a hole drɪl
256 variation difference, distinction, #similarity
veərɪˈeɪʃn̩
257 narrative story, tale, description ˈnærətɪv
familiarize, get used to, adjust. ə
258 adapt ˈdæpt
259 norse relating to the people of ancient
Scandinavia or their language. nɔːs
traveler, explorer, adventurer
260 voyager ˈvɔɪɪdʒə
261 settle stay, set up house, inhabit ˈsetl̩
262 uniform unchanging, constant, unvarying,#
uneven ˈjuːnɪfɔːm
263 reroute redirect, deflect, switch riˈruːt
fall down, fall, decline, #ascend
264 descend (de=decline .i.e decrease, declince,
destroy) dɪˈsend
265 perish die, pass away, decease, #live,
#survive ˈperɪʃ
266 continent mainland, landmass, landform, land
ˈkɒntɪnənt
267 culminate end, finish, #start. ˈkʌlmɪneɪt
268 cod a large sea fish that lives in the North
Atlantic kɒd
269 herring a long thin silver sea fish that can be
eaten. ˈherɪŋ
270 staple a food that is needed and used all
the time ˈsteɪpl̩
271 offshore in or under the sea and not far from
the coast. ɒfˈʃɔː
272 stem from arise from, come from, be a result of.
stem frɒm
273 fodder food, silage, rations, feed ˈfɒdə
274 self-sufficient independent, autonomous, self-
supporting self səˈfɪʃnt
275 vast huge, massive, enormous. vɑːst
276 migration relocation, movement, immigration,
resettlement maɪˈɡreɪʃn̩
disease, an unhealthy condition of
277 blight plants in which parts of them dry up
and die. blaɪt
278 unprecedented unusual, exceptional, rare. ʌn
ˈpresɪdentɪd
279 clearance permission, authorization, allowance.
ˈklɪərəns
280 trigger activate, cause, elicit, #halt . ˈtrɪɡə
281 proliferate increase, multiply, grow. prəˈlɪfəreɪt
soar =increase,
282 rise, escalate, soar =increase, rise, escalate,
#plummet sɔː #plummet sɔː
283 steep sheer, sharp, vertical stiːp.
284 regime system, establishment. reɪˈʒiːm
285 prolonged continued, extended, long, sustained,
# brief, short-lived prəˈlɒŋd
286 hurricane storm, cyclone, typhoon, tornado
ˈhʌrɪkən
287 olfaction the action of smelling ɒlˈfæk.ʃən
288 odour smell, whiff, scent, fragrance,
perfume, aroma. ˈəʊdə
289 aroma a pleasant smell, especially from
food or coffee. əˈrəʊmə
290 consciously aware, intentionally, on purpose,
unintentionally ˈkɒnʃəsli
291 faculty a natural ability, capacity, sense, #
inability ˈfæklti
292 impair harm, damage, weaken, worsen,
#enhance ɪmˈpeə
293 conduct do, make, carry out. (duc=make .i.e
produce, introduce) kənˈdʌkt
294 evoke induce, arouse, stir up, #suppress ɪ
ˈvəʊk
295 rush flow, pour, gush, stream rʌʃ
296 foul unpleasant, disgusting, horrible. faʊl
297 grimace twist, pull a face, make a face,
#smile. ɡrɪˈmeɪs
298 disgust revulsion, repugnance, loathing,
hatred, #attraction dɪsˈɡʌst
299 respondent responder, participant, interviewee,
answerer. rɪˈspɒndənt
300 association connection, involvement, correlation
əˌsəʊʃiˈeɪʃn̩
301 consist contain, involve, comprise kənˈsɪst
sensation=feeling,
302 sense, awareness
senˈseɪʃn̩ sensation=feeling, sense, awareness
senˈseɪʃn̩
303 cue hint, clue, signal, sign kjuː
304 bonding connection, relationship, association.
ˈbɒndɪŋ
305 infant baby, child, newborn. ˈɪnfənt
306 spouse husband/wife, partner, other half.
spaʊz
307 distinguish recognize, identify, discern. dɪ
ˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ
if something registers, or if you
308 register register it, you realize or notice it, and
then remember it ˈredʒɪstə
sensual, bodily, #intellectual
309 sensory (sens=feel.i.e sensitive, sensible)
ˈsensəri
310 undervalued underestimate, underrated. ʌndə
ˈvæljuːd
311 feeble weak, ineffective, poor, #strong, #
effective ˈfiːbl̩
312 possess have, hold, own, retain, #lack pəˈzes
313 remarkably extraordinarily, amazingly,
outstandingly, extremely. rɪˈmɑːkəbli
314 acute sharp, sensitive, heightened əˈkjuːt
315 perceive notice, sense, recognize. pəˈsiːv
316 elusive indefinable, indescribable, hard to pin
down. ɪˈluːsɪv
317 phenomenon occurrence, fact, event, happening fɪ
ˈnɒmɪnən
struggle =strive,
318 strain, make an struggle =strive, strain, make an
effort ˈstrʌɡl̩ effort ˈstrʌɡl̩
catch, seize, take, pick up, #release.
319 capture (capt=hold, take .i.e captivate)
ˈkæptʃə
320 realm area, field, department, scope. relm
321 implication suggestion, association, insinuation.
ɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn
322 undertake carry out, do # neglect ʌndəˈteɪk
323 proper correct, appropriate, accurate ˈprɒpə
accurately, empirically,
324 objectively demonstrably, tangibly, #subjectively
əbˈdʒektɪvli
the mental processes involved in
325 psychology believing in something or doing a
certain activity saɪˈkɒlədʒi
326 inevitably predictably, unsurprisingly, without
doubt. ɪnˈevɪtəbli
327 invest supply, enable, put in. ɪnˈvest
328 offensive unpleasant, distasteful, disgusting ə
ˈfensɪv
329 model example, type, sort, genre ˈmɒdl̩
330 intimate private, personal, secret, #public
ˈɪntɪmeɪt
331 attach connect, stick, glue, #detach əˈtætʃ
332 interior inner, inside >< exterior. ɪnˈtɪərɪə
333 essence the most basic and important quality
of something. ˈesns
334 seldom rarely, infrequently, occasionally.
ˈseldəm
335 strike hit, attack, crash into. straɪk
336 fury extreme anger (often uncontrolled
anger), rage, violence. ˈfjʊəri
337 inflict impose, cause, perpetrate. ɪnˈflɪkt
338 leisurely slow, unhurried, relaxed, #rushed
ˈleʒəli
339 dice with death to do something extremely
dangerous and silly ˈdaɪs wɪð deθ
340 out in the open apparent, clear, not hidden or secret
aʊt ɪn ði ˈəʊpən
341 a lightning bolt’s a flash of lightning in the sky ə
ˈlaɪtnɪŋ bəʊlt’s
342 laboratory workroom, test center, workshop
(research laboratory). ləˈbɒrətr̩ i
343 neutralize balance out, counteract, make safe,
reduce the effect. ˈnjuːtrəlaɪz

brave the
elements/weather
etc =go out in bad
344 weather breɪv ði
ˈelɪmənts/ ˈweðə brave the elements/weather etc =go
etˈsetrə out in bad weather breɪv ði ˈelɪmənts/
ˈweðə etˈsetrə
345 equip prepare, provide, give. ɪˈkwɪp
346 armoury a place where weapons are stored.
ˈɑːməri
347 discharge release, send out, free. ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ
348 thundercloud a large dark cloud that you see
before or during a storm ˈθʌndəklaʊd
349 command order, directive, charge. kəˈmɑːnd
350 fire shoot, trigger, launch, set off. ˈfaɪə
351 wire cable, line, chain ˈwaɪə
a flexible insulated cable used for
352 trailing wire transmitting power from the main
power source to a mobile machine
ˈtreɪlɪŋ ˈwaɪə
353 generate make, produce, create. ˈdʒenəreɪt
354 fund sponsor, finance, support, fʌnd
355 voltage power, energy, electrical energy.
ˈvəʊltɪdʒ
bear up =cope,
356 survive, manage bear up =cope, survive, manage
ˈbeər ˈʌp ˈbeər ˈʌp
357 frequency regularity, incidence, occurrence,
rate of recurrence ˈfriːkwənsi
358 trigger activate, start, set off. ˈtrɪɡə
359 according to as said by, as stated by, in
accordance with əˈkɔ:dɪŋ tuː
360 well behaved polite, respectful, well-mannered wel
bɪˈheɪvd
361 branch part, section, division. brɑːntʃ
362 be supposed to should, ought to, be expected to bi sə
ˈpəʊzd tuː
363 back sponsor, support, finance, fund. ˈbæk
364 requirement obligation, condition, necessity
#option rɪˈkwaɪəmənt
365 at risk in danger, at stake, endangered,
vulnerable, #safe ət rɪsk
366 promising hopeful, likely, capable, favorable,
#disappointing ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ
367 emerge appear, come out, begin. ɪˈmɜːdʒ
368 reveal disclose, expose, uncover, bring to
light, #cover up rɪˈviːl
369 extract remove, pull out, take out. ɪkˈstrækt
370 ionise to form ions or make them form
ˈaɪ.ə.naɪz
371 conducting path a path that electricity can flow
through kənˈdʌktɪŋ pɑːθ
372 uncontrollable unmanageable, wild, out of control,
uncontainable ʌnkənˈtrəʊləbl̩
373 surge rise, growth, spread, # decline sɜːdʒ
374 install put in, connect, set up. ɪnˈstɔːl
375 portable moveable, handy, transportable.
ˈpɔːtəbl̩
376 beam to send out a line of light, heat,
energy etc biːm
377 brewing if a storm is brewing, it will happen
soon. ˈbruːɪŋ
378 stumbling block obstacle, problem, difficulty, barrier
ˈstʌmblɪŋ blɒk
379 nifty useful, convenient, effective,
#useless ˈnɪfti
offing (be in the be imminent, be likely, loom, be on
380 offing)
the horizon ˈɒfɪŋ
381 commercial profitable, marketable, profitmaking.
kəˈmɜːʃl̩
382 reckon think, calculate, suppose. ˈrekən
383 forthcoming approaching, upcoming, future. fɔːθ
ˈkʌmɪŋ
decisive moment, crossroads. (the
384 turning point time when an important change
starts, especially one that improves
the situation). ˈtɜ:nɪŋ poɪnt
385 avalanche a very large number of things.
ˈævəlɑːntʃ
386 at one’s fingertips convenient, handy, easy, accessible
ət wʌnz ˈfɪŋɡətɪps
387 mighty strong, powerful, great. ˈmaɪti
388 current flow, stream, tide. ˈkʌrənt
389 meteorology climatology, weather miːtɪəˈrɒlədʒi
390 forecast predict, estimate. fɔːkɑːst
391 confront tackle, face, deal with. kənˈfrʌnt
392 menace threat, danger, risk. ˈmenəs
393 hail frozen raindrops, sleet, frozen rain,
hailstones heɪl
 shake sth out of get rid of, remove. ʃeɪk ˈsʌmθɪŋ aʊt
394 sth
əv ˈsʌmθɪŋ
395 formation creation, development,
establishment. fɔːˈmeɪʃn̩
to attack or criticize someone who
396 strike back attacked or criticized you first ˈstraɪk
ˈbæk
397 genius talent, gift, flair, expertise.ˈdʒiːnɪəs
genius, a young person who has a
398 prodigy great natural ability in a subject or
skill. ˈprɒdɪdʒi
399 cult a system of religious beliefs and
practices kʌlt
religion, theology, spirituality. dɪ
400 divinity ˈvɪnɪti
401 paterfamilias father, headman, paternalist peɪtəfə
ˈmɪlɪæs
402 perpetuate continue, maintain, extend, preserve.
pəˈpetʃʊeɪt
403 gradually slowly, regularly, steadily. ˈɡrædʒʊəli
404 attribute trait, feature, characteristic, quality.
ˈætrɪbjuːt
405 derive from originate, stem, arise dɪˈraɪv frɒm
406 astrology horoscope, the signs of the zodiac,
star sign/sign. əˈstrɒlədʒi
407 exceptional excellent, brilliant, extraordinary,
outstanding ɪkˈsepʃn̩ əl
408 folk traditional, widespread, popular. fəʊk
409 ambivalent unsure, hesitant, uncertain. æm
ˈbɪvələnt
410 envy covet, be jealous of, resent,
#goodwill ˈenvi
411 mistrust distrust, doubt, disbelieve. mɪsˈtrʌst
412 defective faulty, imperfect, unreliable, #perfect.
dɪˈfektɪv
413 intellectual philosopher, thinker, scholar. ɪntə
ˈlektʃʊəl
414 impractical unrealistic, unreasonable, # practical.
ɪmˈpræktɪkl̩
415 burn out exhaust, break down, wear out ˈbɜ:n
ˈaʊt
416 gifted talented, exceptional, remarkable
ˈɡɪftɪd
417 eccentric odd, strange, weird, unusual,
peculiar. ekˈsentrɪk
418 weakling someone who is not physically
strong. ˈwiːkl̩ ɪŋ
419 unrecognised anonymous, unidentified, unknown
ʌnˈrekəgˌnaɪzd
420 unrewarded unpaid, uncompensated, #paid ʌnrɪ
ˈwɔːdɪd
421 adversity hardship, difficulty, hard times. əd
ˈvɜːsəti
intelligent, clever, bright, brilliant.
422 wise waɪz
423 enrich improve, enhance, develop,
augment. ɪnˈrɪtʃ
disparage, degrade, #praise to say
424 denigrate things to make someone or
something seem less important or
good. ˈdenɪɡreɪt
reassurance, inspiration,
425 encouragement reinforcement, #discouragement ɪn
ˈkʌrɪdʒmənt
426 adjustment change, alteration, modification. ə
ˈdʒʌstmənt
427 fascinating interesting, stimulating, intriguing,
#repellant, #repellent. ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ

anecdote (a short
story based on
428 our personal
experience)
story, tale, narration ˈænɪkdəʊt
429 apparent obvious, clear, evident. əˈpærənt
430 norm-referenced reference to an accepted standard or
a way of behaving or doing things
that most people
431 agree with nɔːm- that most people agree with nɔːm-
ˈrefrənst ˈrefrənst
432 collate collect, compare, gather. kəˈleɪt
 consider, include, bear in mind, think
433 take into account about, take into consideration. ˈteɪk
ˈɪntə əˈkaʊnt
434 mortality the number of deaths mɔːˈtælɪti
435 life expectancy lifespan, lifetime, natural life ˈlaɪf ɪk
ˈspektənsi
436 nobility upper class, superiority, cream of
society. nəʊˈbɪlɪti
persecute, oppress, harass=to
437 bully threaten to hurt someone or frighten
them ˈbʊli
438 corporal physical, bodily, #spiritual, #mental
ˈkɔːpərəl
439 privileged rich, wealthy, affluent, prosperous,
well-off. ˈprɪvəlɪdʒd
the area of medicine that deals with
440 paediatrics children and their illnesses. piːdɪ
ˈætrɪks
441 carried out conduct, do, perform, accomplish.
ˈkærɪd ˈaʊt
442 peak top, pinnacle, apex, #bottom. piːk
443 stand out be obvious, be noticeable, be
conspicuous. stænd ˈaʊt
444 mist haze, fog, smog mɪst
a period of time so long ago that
445 the mist of history people cannot remember it ðə mɪstəv
ˈhɪstr̩ i
446 vantage point point of view, perspective, viewpoint.
ˈvɑːntɪdʒ pɔɪnt
447 continuum range, field, scale. kənˈtɪnjuəm
448 mundane boring, dull, tedious, monotonous.
mʌnˈdeɪn
449 mediocre average, ordinary, middling, not very
good #excellent miːdɪˈəʊkə
450 incapable unable, incompetent, #capable ɪn
ˈkeɪpəbl̩
451 determined strong-minded, firm, fixed dɪˈtɜːmɪnd
the opposite of a situation you have
452 vice versa just described is also true. vaɪsi
ˈvɜ:sə
453 nurture raise, foster, bring up, ˈnɜːtʃə
454 trigger cause, activate, generate, #halt ˈtrɪɡə
to give a lot of money or effort to
455 pour sth into sth something with the idea of making it
successful pɔː ˈsʌmθɪŋˈɪntə ˈsʌmθɪŋ
456 marvel admire, be amazed, gaze in awe
ˈmɑːvl̩
457 manifestation appearance, display, show. mænɪfe
ˈsteɪʃn̩
458 superior greater, higher, more. suːˈpɪərɪə
459 hard-won achieves only after a lot of effort and
difficulty. hɑːd- wʌn
460 commonplace common, widespread, ordinary.
ˈkɒmənpleɪs
disgraceful, shocking, extreme,
461 outrageous #commendable (extremely unusual
and slightly amusing or shocking) aʊt
ˈreɪdʒəs
462 fabric material, cloth, textiles. ˈfæbrɪk
superiority #inferiority (the position in
463 supremacy which you are more powerful or
advanced than anyone else). sʊ
ˈpreməsi
464 outstrip outdo, surpass, better, do better. aʊt
ˈstrɪp
465 emulate imitate, follow, copy, mimic. ˈemjʊleɪt
466 prove show, evidence, verify. pruːv
467 unpalatable unpleasant, disagreeable,
unacceptable. ʌnˈpælətəbl̩
468 fame recognition, reputation, prominence
feɪm
determination to keep trying to
469 perseverance achieve something in spite of
difficulties. pɜːsɪˈvɪərəns
470 single-minded determined, headstrong, persistent.
sɪŋɡl ˈmaɪndɪd
471 dedication devotion, commitment, keenness.
dedɪˈkeɪʃn̩
472 restriction limit, restraint, constraint. rɪˈstrɪkʃn̩
473 descriptive explanatory, illustrative, expressive.
dɪˈskrɪptɪv
474 substance stuff, material, matter. ˈsʌbstəns
475 precision exactness, accuracy, correctness. prɪ
ˈsɪʒn̩
476 delude deceive, cheat, mislead, pull the wool
over somebody's eyes dɪˈluːd
477 biological clock body clock, internal clock, biological
rhythm baɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl̩ ˈklɒk
478 tick makes a short repeated sound tɪk
479 life span lifetime, life expectancy, natural life
ˈlaɪf spæn
480 restrict limit, constrain, constrict. rɪˈstrɪkt
481 artificially synthetic, man-made, unnaturally,
#naturally. ɑːtɪˈfɪʃl̩ i
482 organism an animal, plant, human or any other
living thing. ˈɔːɡənɪzəm
483 static still, standing, inactive >< moving.
ˈstætɪk
484 constitute to be considered to be something
ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt
to gradually become flatter or
485 wear down smoother, or to make something
become like this, because of rubbing
or use weə daʊn
486 ageing grow older, become old, get older
ˈeɪdʒɪŋ
the science that deals with the
487 thermodynamics relationship betweet heat and other
forms of energy. θɜːməʊdaɪˈnæmɪks
488 inexorable unstoppable, inevitable, unavoidable.
ɪnˈeksərəbl̩
489 dynamic lively, active, energetic daɪˈnæmɪk
490 destruction damage, obliteration, demolition,
#construction dɪˈstrʌkʃn̩
491 permanent lasting, never-ending, everlasting,
eternal, #temporary ˈpɜːmənən
492 equilibrium steadiness, balance, stability,
#imbalance ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbrɪəm
493 material substance, matter, objects məˈtɪərɪəl
 the smallest unit into which any
494 molecule substance can be divided without
losing its own chemical nature.
ˈmɒlɪkjuː
495 inevitable unavoidable, predictable,
foreseeable, #avoidable. ɪnˈevɪtəbl̩
496 possess have, own, hold. pəˈzes
in existence, extant, current ɪɡ
497 existent ˈzɪstənt
a change in the genetic structure of
498 mutation any animal or plant that makes it
different from
others of the
499 same kind. mjuː
ˈteɪʃn̩ others of the same kind. mjuːˈteɪʃn̩
500 optimal optimum, goal, ideal, best-case
scenario ˈɒptɪml̩
501 adaptation alteration, adjustment, modification,
change ædæpˈteɪʃn̩
502 immortality the state of living forever or being
remembered forever. ɪmɔːˈtælɪti
503 disturb interrupt, bother, distract. dɪˈstɜːb
504 evolution development, progress, progression.
iːvəˈluːʃn̩
505 striking outstanding, prominent, noticeable
ˈstraɪkɪŋ
506 parameter limitation, boundary, restriction. pə
ˈræmɪtə
507 attain reach, achieve, get. əˈteɪn
508 upper higher, better, greater. ˈʌpə
wear and tear
509 theory
aging theory. weər ənd teə ˈθɪəri
510 observation surveillance, scrutiny, #neglect ɒbzə
ˈveɪʃn̩
consisting of only one cell juːnɪ
511 unicellular ˈseljələ
512 mammoth enormous, massive, immense, huge,
# tiny ˈmæməθ
determine=decide,
513 conclude, settle determine=decide, conclude, settle
on dɪˈtɜːmɪn on dɪˈtɜːmɪn
514 propose suggest, recommend, offer prəˈpəʊz
515 internal clock biological clock ɪnˈtɜːnl̩ ˈklɒk
the chemical processes by which
516 metabolism food is changed into energy in your
body.məˈtæbəˌlɪzəm
is a value derived from the mass
517 body mass index (weight) and height of a person. ˈbɒdi
ˌmæs ˈɪndeks
518 invert turn upside down, turn over, double
back. ɪnˈvɜːt
519 valid is legally or officially acceptable ><
invalid ˈvælɪd
520 systematic methodical, organized, #disorganized
sɪstəˈmætɪk
521 frugal careful, cautious, sparing,
#extravagant ˈfruːɡl̩
522 chain up to fasten someone or something to
something else using

a chain, especially
in order to prevent
523 them from
escaping or being a chain, especially in order to prevent
stolen ˈtʃeɪn ʌp them from escaping or being stolen
ˈtʃeɪn ʌp
524 captivity imprisonment, confinement,
#freedom kæpˈtɪvɪti
525 hibernate if an animal hibernates, it sleeps for
the whole winter. ˈhaɪbəneɪt
526 lethargy weariness, tiredness, #energy.
ˈleθədʒi
527 comrade companion, friend, buddymate.
ˈkɒmreɪd
528 distinctly clearly, noticeably, definitely. dɪ
ˈstɪŋktli
529 roughly approximately, about, around,
#exactly ˈrʌfli
530 energetically actively, dynamically, powerfully. enə
ˈdʒetɪkl̩ i
531 intensive concentrated, exhaustive, thorough.
ɪnˈtensɪv
 using very little of something
532 sparing ˈspeərɪŋ
533 reserve keep, save, preserve. rɪˈzɜːv
534 cardiovascular relating to the heart and blood
vessels. kɑːdiəʊˈvæskjələ
535 prolong lengthen, extend, make longer, drag
something out #curtail prəˈlɒŋ
536 adequate sufficient, enough, #inadequate.
ˈædɪkwət
someone who is equable remains
537 equable calm and happy and does not often
get annoyed. ˈekwəbl̩
538 critical significant, vital, important. ˈkrɪtɪkl
539 significantly considerably, significantly,
#insignificantly. sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli
calculated by adding several
540 average amounts together, finding a total, and
dividing the total by
the number of
541 amounts ˈævərɪdʒ
the number of amounts ˈævərɪdʒ
542 attainment achievement, accomplishment,
fulfillment, #failure əˈteɪnmənt
in a way that was not planned but
543 incidentally that is connected with something else
ɪnsɪˈdentəli
consistent:
constant, stable,
544 steady, #
inconsistent kən consistent: constant, stable, steady,
ˈsɪstənt # inconsistent kənˈsɪstənt
545 virtually almost, nearly, not quite, practically
ˈvɜːtʃʊəli
546 attend appear, take part in, enroll, go to ə
ˈtend
547 sector division, area, zone ˈsektə
548 spacious airy, commodious, capacious,
#cramped, narrow. ˈspeɪʃəs
relax, unwind, let hair down ˈlet
549 let off steam ɒfstiːm
 feeling the same emotion, or doing
550 mutual the same thing to or for each other
ˈmjuːtʃuəl
the act of bending the top part of your
body forward to show respect for
551 bowing someone when you meet them
ˈbəʊɪŋ
552 unstreamed to not be put into groups according to
students' ability ʌnˈstriːmd
553 considerable significant, great, huge kənˈsɪdərəbl̩
554 identity uniqueness, distinctiveness,
characteristics aɪˈdentɪti
555 concentration attention, focus, #distraction kɒnsən
ˈtreɪʃn̩
556 competition contest, championship, tournament,
quiz kɒmpəˈtɪʃn̩
557 particular certain, precise, specific pəˈtɪkjʊlə
surprisingly, extraordinarily,
558 remarkably outstandingly, #unremarkably rɪ
ˈmɑːkəbli

demonstrate:
display, show,
explain
559 (monstra=show .i.
e demonstrator) demonstrate: display, show, explain
ˈdemənstreɪt (monstra=show .i.e demonstrator)
ˈdemənstreɪt
560 compulsory obligatory, mandatory, required,
#optional kəmˈpʌlsəri
561 on the whole generally, in general, all in all ˈɒnðə
həʊl
562 presumably probably, seemingly, likely prɪ
ˈzjuːməbli
approachable, available, handy,
563 accessible reachable, #inaccessible (ac=toward
or movement .i.e accelerate, action)
əkˈsesəbl̩
to organize the control of a country,
564 centralise organization, or system so that
everything is done
 or decided in one
place (cen=middle
565 .i.e center, centre) or decided in one place
ˈsentrəlaɪz (cen=middle .i.e center, centre)
ˈsentrəlaɪz
subjects, program, course. kə
566 curriculum ˈrɪkjʊləm
567 pattern form, model, plan ˈpætn̩
568 elaborate say more, explain, give details, go
into detail ɪˈlæbəreɪt
569 principle standard, idea, moral rule, belief
ˈprɪnsəpl̩
570 enable aid, assist, support, facilitate, #
prevent ɪˈneɪbl̩
unawareness, inexperience,
571 ignorance unintelligence, lack of knowledge or
information about something.
ˈɪɡnərəns
572 repetition reiteration, repeating, replication repɪ
ˈtɪʃn̩
573 elaboration illustration, amplification, explanation
ɪˌlæbəˈreɪʃn̩
574 work through to manage a problem that has many
different parts step by step ˈwɜ:k θruː
575 supplementary additional, extra, added (ple=fill,
full .i.e plenty, replete) sʌplɪˈmentri
576 distribute allocate, dispense, spread dɪˈstrɪbjuːt
complete, far-reaching, wideranging,
#incomplete, #sketchy
577 comprehensive (com=together .i.e combine,
complete) kɒmprɪˈhensɪv
578 coverage attention, reportage, reporting
ˈkʌvərɪdʒ
consistency, regularity, #unevenness
579 homogeneity (hom=same .i.e homogeneous)
həʊmədʒɪˈnɪəti
580 render make, leave, cause to be/become
ˈrendə
mingle, move around, communicate.
581 circulate (circ=circle .i.e circus, circular)
ˈsɜːkjʊleɪt
582 individual personal, private, specific, for one
person ɪndɪˈvɪdʒʊəl
583 observe study, see, notice, witness əbˈzɜːv
584 struggle fight, effort, strive
585 strugglers those who struggleˈstrʌɡl̩
586 assist help, aid, support, help out, give
somebody a hand, lend a hand əˈsɪst
587 seek search for, look for, find siːk
588 foster encourage, promote, cultivate,
#discourage ˈfɒstə
589 progress development, improvement, growth
prəˈɡres
590 scarcely barely, hardly, just ˈskeəsli
591 adequate enough, sufficient, #inadequate,
#insufficient ˈædɪkwət
enable =allow,
permit, assist,
592 facilitate, #prevent enable =allow, permit, assist,
ɪˈneɪbl̩ facilitate, #prevent ɪˈneɪbl̩
593 keep up follow, catch up, continue kiːp ʌp
594 play a part in play a role in, involve in, take part in,
participate in pleɪ ə pɑ:t ɪn
595 tuition education, teaching, schooling,
instruction tjuːˈɪʃn̩
the school learners, students, pupils ðə sku:l
596 population
ˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃn̩
597 emphasis focus, stress, prominence,
highlighting ˈemfəsɪs
598 couple with combine, link with/to ˈkʌpl̩ wɪð
599 accuracy correctness, precision, exactness, #
inaccuracy ˈækjərəsi
600 relevant related, appropriate, #unrelated rɪ
ˈleɪʃn̩
601 quote recite, repeat, refer to kwəʊt
602 relation connection, association, link rɪˈleɪʃən
603 unfair unjust, unequal, inequitable, biased
ʌnˈfeə
604 unjustified unfair, unwarranted, #justified ʌn
ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪd
605 inspirational motivational ɪnspəˈreɪʃn̩ əl
606 pest a small animal or insect that destroys
crop or food supplies. pest
607 reckless irresponsible, thoughtless, careless,
#cautious ˈrekləs
608 synthetic artificial, manmade, manufactured
sɪnˈθetɪk
achieving the opposite result to the
counter-
609 productive one that you want. ˈkaʊntə- prə
ˈdʌktɪv
610 engender produce, cause, create, stimulate,
provoke ɪnˈdʒendə
611 disorder illness, disease, infection dɪsˈɔːdə
612 lethal deadly, dangerous, harmful, #life-
giving ˈliːθl̩
613 superbug a type of bacteria that cannot be
kiiled by traditional drugs. ˈsuːpəbʌɡ
614 resistance fight, battle, confrontation, #surrender
rɪˈzɪstəns
powerful, strong, effective, influential
615 potent (pot=power .i.e potential, despot)
ˈpəʊtnt
616 immune resistant, insusceptible, invulnerable,
#susceptible ɪˈmjuːn
617 insecticide pesticide, insect repellent, bug juice,
fly spray (cid=kill) ɪnˈsektɪsaɪd
destroy, eradicate, obliterate,
618 wipe out remove, devastate, #protect waɪp
ˈaʊt
619 organism an animal, plant, human or any other
living thing. ˈɔːɡənɪzəm
a person who is specialized in the
620 agroecologist study of ecological processes applied
to agricultural production systems
ˌaɡrəʊɪˈkɒlədʒɪst
621 tremendous huge, massive, enormous trɪˈmendəs
622 withstand resist, endure, survive, tolerate wɪð
ˈstænd
623 bear produce, give birth to, bring into
being beə
624 offspring descendants, children, progeny
ˈɒfsprɪŋ
625 built-in natural, innate, intrinsic bɪlt -ˈɪn
626 havoc chaos, mayhem, #order ˈhævək
627 treadmill routine, drudgery, grindstone ˈtredmɪl
628 syndrome condition, disease, set of symptoms
ˈsɪndrəʊm
629 bask enjoy, savor, relish, luxuriate bɑːsk
630 glory admiration, prestige, honour ˈɡlɔːri
631 avidly keenly, enthusiastically, eagerly,
#indifferently ˈævɪdli
632 yield produce, generate, harvest jiːld
633 proliferation explosion, abundance, overprovision
prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃn̩
634 alarming frightening, shocking, #calming ə
ˈlɑːmɪŋ
eruption, epidemic, outburst
635 outbreak ˈaʊtbreɪk
636 necessitate require, demand, need nɪˈsesɪteɪt
spending, expenditure, costs,
637 outlay expenses, outgoings, outlay,
overheads. ˈaʊtleɪ
638 invasion attack, raid, arrival, #withdrawal ɪn
ˈveɪʒn̩
639 genetically innately, natively, naturally dʒɪˈnetɪkl̩ i
640 inadequately poorly, insufficiently, improperly ɪn
ˈædɪkwətli
641 property material goods, belongings, stuff
ˈprɒpəti
a change in the genetic structure of
642 mutation an animal or plant that makes it
different from others of the same kind
mjuːˈteɪʃn̩
643 adverse negative and unpleasant ˈædvɜːs
644 escalate rise, soar, rocket, #plummet ˈeskəleɪt
645 peril danger, threat, risk, hazard, #safety
ˈperəl
646 indiscriminate unselective, random, #selective ɪndɪ
ˈskrɪmɪnət
lasting, continual, frequently
647 perpetual repeated, in a way that is annoying
pəˈpetʃʊəl
648 detrimental harmful, damaging, negative,
hazardous, pernicious detrɪˈmentl̩
649 side-effect unexpected result, consequence,
knock-on effect saɪd- ɪˈfekt
650 disperse scatter, disband, diffuse, break up dɪ
ˈspɜːs
651 laboratory workroom, test center, workshop lə
ˈbɒrətr̩ i
652 predator marauder, killer, hunter ˈpredətə
a plant or animal that lives on or in
653 parasite another plant or animal and gets food
from its. ˈpærəsaɪt
654 weevil a small insect that feeds on grain,
flour etc and spoils it. ˈwiːvɪl
655 obnoxious horrible, unpleasant, loathsome,
#delightful əbˈnɒkʃəs
656 exert apply or bring to bear (a
force/influence, or quality) ɪɡˈzɜːt
657 devious deceitful, underhanded, sly ˈdiːvɪəs
658 eradicate remove, get rid of, eliminate, eras ɪ
ˈrædɪkeɪt
a garden plant with blue, pink or
659 hyacinth white bell - shaped flowers and a
sweet smell. ˈhaɪəsɪnθ
660 nuisance annoyance, bother, irritation ˈnjuːsns
661 notorious infamous, disreputable, tarnished,
#famous nəʊˈtɔːrɪəs
a chemical substance, used
662 defoliant especially in war, that makes all the
leaves of plants drop off. diːˈfəʊlɪənt
663 flourish thrive, succeed, prosper,
#deteriorate, #decline ˈflʌrɪʃ
664 plague afflict, cause suffering to, trouble.
pleɪɡ
665 hispide large shrub or small tree of the
eastern united states ˈhɪspɪdz
666 larval adjective of "larva", which means
young insect ˈlɑːvl̩
a plant or animal that lives on or in
667 parasite nother plant or animal and gets food
from it ˈpærəsaɪt
668 indigenous native, original, aboriginal, local,
#foreign ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs
demolish, consume, eat greedily,
669 devour destroy (de=removing .i.e decline,
decrease) dɪˈvaʊə
670 forage food, fodder, feed ˈfɒrɪdʒ
671 beetle an insect with a round hard back that
is usually black. ˈbiːtl̩
free – freed (past
672 tense)
release=set free, discharge friː
673 canal waterway, seaway, inland waterway
kəˈnæl
674 clutch power, control. domination klʌtʃ
675 infest invaded, filled, infected ɪnˈfest
676 ancient prehistoric, very old, earliest,
#modern ˈeɪnʃənt
traveler, explorer, adventurer
677 voyager ˈvɔɪɪdʒə
678 far-flung far, distant, remote fɑː- ˈflʌŋ
679 jar pot, container, vessel dʒɑː
680 complicated complex, intricate, convoluted
ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd
681 exhaustive thorough, comprehensive, in-depth
ɪɡˈzɔːstɪv
682 abundance plenty, wealth, profusion əˈbʌndəns
taxonomy, taxonomic system, nomenclature,
683 classification categorization tækˈsɒnəmi, klæsɪfɪ
ˈkeɪʃn̩
684 nest a place made or chosen by a bird to
lay its eggs in and to live in nest
685 caste class, type, social order kɑːst
686 desirable attractive, wanted, pleasing dɪ
ˈzaɪərəbl̩
687 identifiable recognizable, distinguishable,
classifiable aɪˌdentɪˈfaɪəbl̩
well-matched, well-suited, similar,
688 compatible #different, #incompatible
(com=together .i.e combine) kəm
ˈpætəbl
689 overlook ignore, miss, neglect, skip əʊvəˈlʊk
 if you are in favour of
690 in favour of somebody/something, you support
and agree with them/it ɪn ˈfeɪvər ɒv
691 thus therefore, hence, as a result,
accordingly ðʌs
food used to attract fish, animals, or
692 bait birds so that you can catch them.
beɪt
693 litter rubbish, trash, garbage ˈlɪtə
694 consist of comprise, involve, be composed of
kənˈsɪst ɒv
695 occur happen, take place, strike əˈkɜː
(of food, wood, etc.) that has
696 rotten decayed and cannot be eaten or
used ˈrɒtn̩
697 trunk the thick central woody stem of a tree
trʌŋk
698 bark the outer covering of a tree bɑːk
699 foraging hunting, searching, seeking ˈfɒrɪdʒɪŋ
700 foraging column a group of ants that finds food
together ˈfɒrɪdʒɪŋˈkɒləm
701 nocturnal nighttime, nightly, #diurnal nɒkˈtɜːnl̩
restricted, limited, narrowed kən
702 confined ˈfaɪnd
an instrument or apparatus for
703 aspirator aspirating fluid from a vessel or
cavity ˈæspɪreɪtə
a bottle for collecting small insects
704 pooter and other invertebrates, having one
tube through

which they are

sucked into the
bottle and
705 another, protected
by muslin or
gauze, which is which they are sucked into the bottle
sucked. ˈpuːtə and another, protected by muslin or
gauze, which is sucked. ˈpuːtə
706 forceps a medical instrument used for picking
up and holding things. ˈfɔːseps
707 moisten wet, dampen, moisturize, humidify
ˈmɔɪsn̩
708 sting bite, tingle, bite mark, puncture stɪŋ
709 mishandle mismanage, misuse, mess up mɪs
ˈhændl̩
710 forager the type of the ants that find food
ˈfɒrɪdʒə
711 otherwise if not, or else, then ˈʌðəwaɪz
712 elusive mysterious, intangible, vague,
#obvious ɪˈluːsɪv
713 utilise use, make use of something, employ
ˈjuːtəlaɪz
714 shrub plant, herb, weed, bulb ʃrʌb
715 situated placed, located, positioned ˈsɪtʃʊeɪtɪd
a small glass container that is
716 test–tube shaped like a tube and is used in
chemistry test - tjuːb
717 vial a very small bottle used for medicine,
perfume etc ˈvaɪəl
718 spot identify, notice, recognize spɒt
719 capture catch, seize, trap ˈkæptʃə
remains, fragments, wreckage
720 debris ˈdeɪbriː
721 gather collect, group, get together, join
together, #disperse ˈɡæðə
a thin tube with a wide top that you
722 funnel use for pouring liquid into a container
with a narrow
opening, such as
723 a bottle. ˈfʌnl̩
opening, such as a bottle. ˈfʌnl̩
muddy, wet, boggy, #dry
724 marshy (mar=water,sea .i.e
marine,submarine) ˈmɑːʃi
725 sift sieve, filter, separate sɪft
726 coarse rough, uneven, bumpy, rugged kɔːs
727 twig a small very thin stem of wood that
grows from a branch on a tree. twɪɡ
a problem or difficulty that is likely to
728 pitfall happen in a particular job, course of
action, or activity. ˈpɪtfɔːl
 protective, conserving, #destructive
729 preservative (serv=protect .i.e preserve, conserve)
prɪˈzɜːvətɪv
730 diameter width, length, breadth daɪˈæmɪtə
731 vary differ, diverge, fluctuate ˈveəri
732 preference favorite, first choice, #indifference
ˈprefrəns
733 undertake carry out, conduct, take on ʌndəˈteɪk
if a liquid evaporates, or if heat
734 evaporate evaporates it, it changes into a gas. ɪ
ˈvæpəreɪt
735 maintenance preservation, continuation,
protection, #destruction ˈmeɪntənəns
736 intervention interference, intrusion, involvement
ɪntəˈvenʃn̩
737 encounter meet, come across, stumble upon ɪn
ˈkaʊntə