CE 303

Engineering Geology and Geomorphology

Credit 3.0

Niloy Karmoker shrabon

Engineering Geology and Geomorphology

Main Text:
Understanding Earth, 7th Ed
Author: John P Grotzinger; Thomas H Jordan
Publisher:New York, NY : W.H. Freeman and Company, ©2014
Edition/Format: Print book : English : 7th edition

Additional Ref:
• A Geology for Engineers, 7th Ed, by F.G.H. Blyth and M. H. de Freitas
• Foundations of Engineering Geology, 2nd Ed., by TONY WALTHAM
• Engineering Geology, 2nd Ed., by F. G. Bell
• Practical Engineering Geology by Steve Hencher
• Principles of Engineering Geology by P. B. Attewell and I. W. Farmer
• Engineering Geology Principles and Practice by M. H. de Freitas
• Geology for Civil Engineers, 2nd Ed, by A.C.McLean and C.D.Gribble
• Geology Landforms, Minerals, and Rocks (MINERALS) by John P. Rafferty
• Geology Landforms, Minerals, and Rocks (ROCKS) by John P. Rafferty

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Main Text:
Understanding Earth, 7th Ed
Author:
John P Grotzinger; Thomas H Jordan
Publisher:New York, NY : W.H.
Freeman and Company, ©2014
Edition/Format: Print book :
English : 7th edition

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 Engineering Geology and Geomorphology

Syllabus:
Minerals; identification of minerals, common rock forming
minerals; physical properties of minerals; mineraloids rocks;
types of rocks, cycle of rock change; earthquake and seismic
map of Bangladesh.
Structural geology; faults; types of faults; fold and fold type;
domes; basins; erosional process; quantitative analysis of
erosional land forms.
Geomorphology : Channel development; channel widening;
valley shape; stream terraces; alluvial flood plains; deltas and
alluvial fans; channel morphology; channel patterns and the river
basin; geology and geomorphology of Bangladesh.
.
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FIGURE:
Earth’s major
layers,
showing their
depths and
their masses
expressed as
a percentage
of Earth’s
total mass.
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The scope of geology is large. It is often convenient to
subdivide the subject into a number of areas of study. The
:main branches are:
the study of minerals and rocks.
the study of ancient life.
the study of earth processes and their
resultant effects.
the study of earth
history.
this is a term used to group the varied
geological investigations associated with human economic activity.
These study the materials of the earth's
crust, i.e. the rocks and the
minerals which make up the rocks.
Mineralogy studies the minerals which form the rocks. A
specialized aspect of mineralogy is crystallography, which studies
crystals.
Petrology studies the origin, occurrence and classification of
rocks.
Paleontologists investigate all aspects of
fossilized life found in rocks. This has
produced knowledge of the evolutionary
changes of life throughout earth history
and has enabled us to interpret the
environmental conditions of the past.
This branch deals with the processes which operate within and on
the surface of the earth and which continually modify its form.
Perhaps two subdivisions may be recognized:

the study of interior and crystal structures

and the internal processes which produce them.
deals with the shapes of landforms and the
processes which act upon them.
This fourth section of geology studies the procession of changes
throughout the history of the earth. It includes such elements as:
concerned with the dating of rocks and the
erection of an accurate geological time scale.
studies the geographical conditions obtaining during former
geological ages and attempts to reconstruct past geographies.
 This study helps in working out the geologic
history of an area and is concerned with the origin, composition,
proper sequence, and correlation of the rock strata.

The term stratigraphy has been

derived from the Greek words:
strata + graphy. Strata mean the
sets or beds of sedimentary rocks
and graphy means the description.
Therefore, this branch of science
deals with the study of the beds of
the sedimentary rocks

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 It deals with study of ancient organisms, plants
and animals etc, as revealed from their remains and remnants (i.e.
fossils). It helps in providing a background to the development of life
on earth, over the past geological eras.
The practical applications of geological knowledge are of vital
importance to man in such areas of study as:
the study of mineral deposits and of the means
by which they can be found.

.
.It deals with the problems of locating and
extraction petroleum and natural gas
 GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

Petroleum Envir onment al

Civil Mining
Engineer ing Engineering
Engineering Engineering

Roads Potash Oil Groundwater

Foundations Gold Natural Gas Wastes
Tunnels Uranium Tar Sands Contaminants
Slopes Coal Oil Shales Pollution
Dams Remediation
The beginnings of geological observations and deductions go back to the
days of the early Greeks but the conclusions arrived at by classical writers
were mere speculations.

About 500 B.C., one of the first of these observers was Herodotus who
discussed the Nile River and saw that the Nile deposited silt during the
floods.

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) recognized river deposited material and realized

that fossils sea shells from rock strata were similar to those found along the
beach, indicating the fossils were once living animals.

Theophrastus (274-287 B.C.) wrote the first book on Mineralogy, called

Concerning Stones.
About 500 A.D., after the fall of Rome the dark ages began and little more
is heard about science until the Renaissance.

Ibn Sina (980-1037) wrote On the Conglutination (i.e. glued together) of

Stones.

About 1100 the dark ages ended with the establishment of Feudal System
and the First Crusade.

The most influential was probably St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), who
attempted to weave Aristotle’s theories and the Bible into a single system
covering all phases of life.

It is believed that the word Geology was coined by a Bishop in the 15th
century.
Renaissance genius Leonardo do. Vinci (1452-1519) claimed that fossils
were the remains of plants and animals and asserted that the rocks found
at the tops of the Alpine Mountains were once under the sea.

James Hutton (1726-1797) published a work in two volumes-Theory of the

Earth, in which he correctly interpreted the processes of erosion and
deposition, the consolidation of sediments into beds of rock and the
processes of folding and uplift.

William Smith (1769-1839) was an English surveyor and civil engineer who
made a study of sedimentary layers of rock and found that the various
strata could be distinguished by the assemblages of fossils in them. He
maintained that the age and sequence of rocks could be ascertained by
their fossil contents.
Abraham Gottlieb Werner (1750-1817) was a professor in the Academy of
Mining at Freiberg in Germany. He was a great teacher who fired his
students with an enthusiasm for geology and so, in this way, exerted a
powerful influence upon the early development of geology.

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) was a distinguished French

biologist who investigated fossil remains and used them to work out the
history of the earth and the succession of events. He was one of the first to
recognize the great age of the earth.

Georges Cuvier (1769-1832) was a Professor of Comparative Anatomy in

Paris and described fossil mammals which were dug up in France. He was
a founder of paleontology, the study of fossils.
Any Question?