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Negative Effects of the Consumption of the Energy Drinks in University students

of The Engineer’s faculty of Peru

Conference Paper · November 2019

DOI: 10.1109/CHILECON47746.2019.8987622

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 CHILECON 2019, October 29-31, Valparaı́so, Chile
Negative Effects of the Consumption of the
Energy Drinks in University students of The
Engineer's faculty of Peru
Ivan Iraola-Real, Alexandra Zegarra-Soto, Liliana Guerra-Pizango, Luzmila Liza-Neciosup.
Abstract— The consumption of energy drinks is very frequent
in adolescents and young people who ignore the negative
consequences at cardiovascular level, endocrine system and in the
index of corporal mass. That's why, the present study tries to
analyze the negative effects of the consumption of the energy
drinks in students of the careers of engineering of universities
deprived of Lima – Peru. The sample was of 150 career of
engineering students (97 men (64.7 %) and 53 women (35.3 %)
between 16 to 29 years of age (M = 19.50, SD =2.48) of Lima –
Peru. One concludes that 70 % between the 17 to 22 years
consumes energy drinks and of similar form in males and
women. 54.3 % consumes them because they want to feel with
more energy and because they have to study in the nights. Finally
it was identified that the consumption frequency is related to a
less quantity of hours of sleep, and mixing the drinks with other
substances was related at the level of knowledge of the negative
effects and also with the least tendency to do sports.
Index Terms — Energetic drinks, physical health, engineering
career.
I. INTRODUCTION
T he energy drinks are a part of the widespread group of
psychoactive substances, that as fellow men stimulate
almost of instantaneous form to the nervous system for its
high caffeine content, sugar (of easy absorption for the
organism) [1], bullfighting, guarana, chemical substances as
coloring and flavorings; that are ingredients that depend on the
marks that think about how to attract the attention of the
consuming public; and that in many cases add ingredients that
it was not possible to have verified if the miscellany of the
ingredients is harmful [2]. These drinks are used in an
equivocal way by students and sportsmen to fight the thirst
after long hours of effort, giving the completely opposite
results, since its components generate high levels of
dehydration, which as a result generates dependence [3], due
to the combination of its ingredients [4].
Thanks to this deduction of diverse experts in the topic
they have verified that most of university students who realize
careers of high difficulty, choose to take these drinks to fight
the depletion and to obtain better qualifications [5].
Nevertheless, in diverse situations they limit the suitable
performance of the students.
I. Ivan, Unit of Investigation of the Faculty of Humanities Education and
Social Sciences, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima, Peru (e-mail:
iiraola@uch.edu.pe).
Z. Alexandra, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Ciencias y
Humanidades, Lima, Peru (e-mail: alezegarras@uch.pe).
G. Liliana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Ciencias y
Humanidades, Lima, Peru (e-mail: lilguerrap@uch.pe).
L. Luzmila, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Ciencias y
Humanidades, Lima, Peru (e-mail: luzlizan@uch.pe).
978-1-7281-3185-6/19/$31.00 c 2019 IEEE 1
In case of Peru, investigations develop with students of the
careers of Medicine and Engineering (considered the
professions of major you make difficult to enter, to be
supported and to end with a score that is not almost the
minimum to approve) [6]. This way also, one has managed to
verify that these students mostly adolescent and young that
they are in an average of between 18 - 23 years, consume the
alcohol and the energy drinks of independent form or
combined, like way to forget the stress that provokes to be
present at dense and long classes [7]; what ends up generating
chronic illnesses as the hypertension or in very few well-
known cases diabetes when they consume these drinks of
constant form; or at the worst, to consume these drinks can
cause arrhythmias, cardiac unemployment or up to the death
[8].
These miscellanies are very simple to acquire popularly
thanks to its accessible prices and the different myths that
have been created on this one; for example, in a famous
advertising phrase it recounts that the drink “makes irritate”
the young people. For it, it has been warned to the population
that the inadequate use of these drinks might bring very
serious consequences, but they still have not been prohibited
for recreational consumption [9]. Even, the difference of
consumption between males and women is minimal, to
comparison with what it happens with the alcohol that in
males it is much more raised to the being these many other
inclined ones to accept to prove under pressure any class of
drink [10].
And with regard to its composition, these energy drinks
contain between 80 and 180 mg of caffeine, which is a very
high level for the consumption of the adolescents and the
young people, who often consume them of excessive form,
having like negative consequences in its health like the
insomnia, morning sickness, disorders of the sleep,
tachycardia and serious neurological pathologies. However,
49.6 % of the students of secondary consumes every day the
energy drinks to be able to end its day with energy or often
they mix these substances with alcohol or other drinks, risking
its health and its life [11].
Between other consequences it has been that 55.3 % of the
males and 44.7 % university of the women students endure of
obesity, hyperglycemia and diabetes due to the consumption
of these drinks, like an effect of its suppressed high place of
sugar. The World Organization of the Health (WHO) suggests
to reduce the consumption of the energy drinks to control the
obesity and other illnesses that are generated by the ingestion
of excessive sugar that they possess [12]. For example the
cardiovascular problems there is a serious situation that they
bother to the young people and adolescents in the last years,
 CHILECON 2019, October 29-31, Valparaı́so, Chile

like effect of the chemists that they use on having produced After this result one proceeded to analyze only the students
these energy products; being more dangerous the consumption who consume energy drinks in order to obtain more exact
of the same one on having been mixed by alcohol, which results. To this new sample of engineering students (74 men
limits the circulation to the heart provoking the death [13]. (70.5 %) and 31 women (29.5 %) between 16 to 29 years of
Being like that convincing motives for withdrawing these age (M = 19.46, SD =2.45), 109 (72.7 %) were of capital city
products of the market. and 41 (27.3 %) were of province.
Before this problems the present investigation takes as a This way, in the Figure 2 observes the quantity and the
target to analyze the negative effects of the consumption of the percentage of students according to the age. This result
energy drinks in students of the careers of engineering of confirms the expositions of Moreta-Herrera, Mayorga-Lascano,
universities deprived of Lima – Peru. And to achieve this León-Tamayo, Ilaja-Verdesoto who in a study of the year 2018
intention the following methodology appears. confirmed that the biggest percentage of consumers of estad
drinks are adolescent and young [7].
II. METHODOLOGY
A. Participants
The sample was of 150 career of engineering students
(97 men (64.7 %) and 53 women (35.3 %) between 16 to 29
years of age (M = 19.50, SD =2.48) of Lima – Peru. Of them
109 (72.7%) were of capital city and 41 (27.3%) were of
province.
B. Measures
1) Survey of the Consumption of Drinks Energy. This
version is provided with 15 items. Associate was formed by 5
demographic items (age, genre, place of origin, education of
the father and of the mother). And 10 questions on the
consumption of drinks energy with diverse answer options
(dichotomic, of multiple selection or in Likert scale). For
example the item 4 (e.g. With what frequency do you consume
the energy drinks?) with options of answer of the 1 to 4 (1
never to 4 every day). Or the item 7 (e.g. Why do you
consume these energy drinks?) with answer options: (a) not to Fig. 2. Frequency (Age).
sleep in specific moments, (b) to be able to study in the nights,
(c) to feel with major energy, (d) Other motives. This way, in the Figure 3 observe the reasons which the
students take the energy drinks; demonstrating so the biggest
III. RESULTS percentage of those that they consume does it for diverse
After, we proceeded to analyze the results as the following motives as well as to feel with more energy [7].
order.
A. Frequencies analysis
In the Figure 1 observes the quantity and the percentage of
students of the Career of engineering that consumes energy
drinks.

Fig. 3. Frequency (Reasons to consume energy drinks).

Fig. 1. Frequency (Consumes Energy Drinks).

2
 CHILECON 2019, October 29-31, Valparaı́so, Chile
B. Boxplots
To identify more particular cases in this analysis of boxes
(Boxplots) [14] X deposited in the axis variable genre to
himself (men and women) and in the axis Y the variable
frequency of consumption of energy drinks (to see figure 3).
With regard to this analysis and in accordance with the status
of the scale (1 never – 4 every day) appreciates that the males
possess a median in the level 2 that refers to that the frequency
of the consumption of energy drinks is of “once a month”. The
central cases of the males' sample (50 % of 66 males locates
between the centile 25 and 75 of the 1st one and the 3rd Tukey
hinge). For the males' sample 8 extreme cases are observed, 4
distant students several lengths of the tallest values (7, 10, 12
should marry and 34) that they indicate to consume energy
drinks once per week. And four distant extreme cases several
lengths of the lowest value (2, 4, 26 should marry and 31)
indicating that they do not consume energy drinks.
And for the women the central cases and the median are
located in low level (“once a month”). The central cases of the
sample of the women (50 % of 31 women locate between the
centile 25 and 75 of the 1st one and the 3rd Tukey hinge)
expressing that "never" and “once a month”. On the other
hand 25 % of the women locates from the centile 3rd 75 of the
hinge of Tukey up to the highest value (not atypical)
indicating to be next to consuming energy drinks “once a
week”.
Fig. 3: Boxplots gender and consumption frequency.
C. Relations between variables
Relationships between variables were analyzed according
to Pearson's r assuming Cohen correlation criteria [15] for
social sciences (light, r =.10 - .23; moderate, r = .24 - .36;
strong, r = .37 or more). In the Table I it´s observed that the
variable Consumption Frequency is related in negative way,
light and significant with its Hours that he/she sleeps (r =-.20,
p<.05). This means that to major frequency of the consume of
drinks energetics the hours quantity will be less that the
university students sleep.
Finally, it´s observed that the variable it mixed the energy
drink with another substance is related in a positive way, light
and significant with its it knows the negative effects (r =.21,
3
p<.05) and is related in a negative way, moderate and
significant with its it realizes some sport (r =-.25, p<.01). This
means that after major tendency is observed in it mixed the
energy drink with another substance it collaborates at major it
knows the negative effects levels. And another side at major
level of the It mixed the energy drink with another substance
indicates that it is less probable that the students devote
themselves to some physical activity like the sport.
TABLE I. BIVARIATE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN VARIABLES
Variables 1 2 3 4 5
1 Consumption Frequency
It mixed the energy drink
2 -.04
with another substance
3 It knows the components .07 .11
It knows the negative
4 .13 .21* .09
effects
5 It realizes some sport .03 -.25** .16 .04
6 Hours that he/she sleeps -.20 *
.00 -.02 .09 .16
Note. *, **, *** shows significant relationships. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p
< .001(bilateral).
IV. DISCUSSION
The present investigation proposed like target to analyze
the negative effects of the consumption of the energy drinks in
students of the careers of engineering of universities deprived
of Lima – Peru in a sample of 150 students. And for it there
followed a process of selection of the interrogated persons that
they indicated to consume energy drinks and from it to
continue with the analysis.
This way, the results demonstrated that of the sample of
150 students 105 of them (70 %) were consuming energy
drinks, who were in ages from 17 to 22 years. Turned out that
he confirms the studies Moreta-Herrera, Mayorga-Lascano,
León-Tamayo, Ilaja-Verdesoto who in a study of the year 2018
confirmed that the biggest percentage of consumers of energy
drinks are adolescent and young [7].
Also one manages to identify by means of the boxplots that
the males and the women consume energy drinks with the
same frequency. This find coincides with the empirical studies
of Caldron, Arredondo and Bermúdez-Hernández on the
factors that influence the energy drinks consumption in a
sample of university students of Medellin; in the one that they
conclude that the males and the women consume this type of
drinks of similar form [8].
In the frequencies analysis one manages to identify that the
engineering students consume these drinks because they want
to feel with more energy (28.6 %), others because they have to
study during the night (25.7 %) and others because they do not
want to sleep (17.1 %). It is observed that the consumption of
the energy drinks is realized when the students want to feel
more energy not to sleep because they have to study during the
nights; coinciding with the studies of Claveria, Ajquejay,
Tobar and Liska [5].
 CHILECON 2019, October 29-31, Valparaı́so, Chile

Finally in the interrelations analysis it was identified that
the consumption frequency is related significantly to a less
quantity of hours of sleep. Confirming this way the studies and
the previous results [5]. Also, one managed to identify the
practice of mixing the energy drinks it is related significantly
at the level of knowledge of the negative effects [11]. And
finally in the interrelations analysis it was identified that the
practice of mixing the energy drinks is related negatively to
the practice of doing sports. That is to say that the students
who drink this type of drinks combined with other substances
have less tendency to go in for sports. Confirming this way the
studies of Brito Guerrero in which it determines that the
frequency of the consumption of energy drinks is related to
modifications in the behavior and in the ingestion of
poisonous substances in major adolescents [3].
V. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS
institución de educación media técnica de Colombia. Rev Salud Pública.
2017 Jul;19(1):3–9
[11] Butler AE, Qian W, Leatherdale ST. Caffeinated energy drink
consumption and predictors of use among secondary school students
over time in the COMPASS cohort study. Prev Med Reports [Internet].
2019 Sep [cited 2019 Jun 17];15:100911. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31194103
[12] Bawadi H, Khataybeh T, Obeidat B, Kerkadi A, Tayyem R, Banks AD,
et al. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Contribute Significantly to College
Students’ Daily Caloric Intake in Jordan: Soft Drinks Are Not the Major
Contributor. Nutrients [Internet]. 2019 May 11 [cited 2019 Jun
17];11(5):1058. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31083526
[13] Ehlers A, Marakis G, Lampen A. Hirsch-Ernst KI. Risk assessment of
energy drinks with focus on cardiovascular parameters and energy drink
consumption in Europe. Food Chem Toxicol [Internet]. 2019 Aug [cited
2019 Jun 17];130:109–21. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31112702
[14] D. Helsel, Statistics for consored environmental data using Minitab and
R (2th Ed.).Denver: Wiley, 2011.
[15] J. Cohen. “A power primer,” Psychol. Bull., vol. 112, pp. 155–159,
1992.

It is concluded that students consume energy drinks when they

have to study at night, and some of them mix these drinks with
other substances which can be harmful. It has also been
differentiated that the consumption of energy drinks in men
and women is indistinct. For future jobs it is expected to make
healthy eating campaignes aimed at university students. These
campaigns could be organized by professional health schools
and also in agreement with the Ministry of Health through its
program called "Healthy Universities".

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