CHAPTER VI

LAW ENFORCEMENT PLANNING

PLANNING → Is a management function, which involves deciding beforehand, what is to be

done, when it is to be done, how it is to be done and who is going to do it.
→ Is a management function concerned with visualizing future situations, making
estimates concerning them, identifying issues, needs and potential danger points, analyzing
and evaluating the alternative ways and means for reaching desired goals according to a
certain schedule, estimating the necessary funds and resources to do the work, and initiating
action in time to prepare what may be needed to cope with the changing conditions and
contingent events.
POLICE PLANNING → Is an attempt by police administrators in trying to allocate anticipated
resources to meet anticipated service demands.
➔ It is the systematic and orderly determination of facts and events as basis for policy
formulation and decision affecting law enforcement management.
OPERATIONAL PLANNING → It is the preparation and development of procedures and
techniques in accomplishing of each of the primary tasks and functions of an organization.
➔ Is the use of a rational design or pattern for all departmental undertakings rather than
relying on chance in an operational environment.
POLICE OPERATIONAL PLANNING → Is the act of determining policies and guidelines for
police activities and operations and providing controls and safeguards for such activities and
operations in the department.
➔ It may also be the process of formulating coordinated sequence of methodical activities
and allocation of resources to the line units of the police organization for the
attainment of the mandated objectives or goals.
GOAL → a general statement of intention and typically with a
time horizon. It is an achievable end state that can be measured
and observed.

OBJECTIVES → a specific commitment to achieve a measurable

result within a specific period of time

STRATEGY → is a broad design, method; a plan to attain a stated goal

TACTICS → is a specific design, method, or course of action to attain a particular objective in
consonance with strategy
PROCEDURES → a sequence of activities to reach a point or to attain that, which is desired.
POLICY → is a set of principles, a product of prudence and wisdom in the management of
human affairs.
GUIDELINES → are rules of action for the rank and file to show them how they are expected to
obtain the desired effect.
STEPS IN PLANNING PROCESS
1. Defining Goal or Objectives (goal setting)
2. Collecting Information (gathering information)
3. Analyzing Information (interpreting information/processing information)
4. Making a Plan (formulate a plan)
5. Implement the plan (plans are converted into actions)
6. Monitor the plan (evaluate the effectiveness and impact of the plan)
STRATEGIC PLANNING → Is a series of preliminary decision on a framework, which in turn
guides subsequent decisions that generate the nature and direction of an organization. This is usually
long-range in nature.
APPROACHES IN POLICE PLANNING
→ A variety of approaches are employed in the planning processes. Each is unique and can be
understood as a method of operationalizing the word planning. There are basically five major
approaches to planning which are the following: (SITAR)
1. Synoptic Approach
2. Incremental Approach
3. Transactive Approach
4. Advocacy Approach
5. Radical Approach

1. SYNOPTIC (RATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE)

→ Is the dominant tradition in planning. This model is based
on a problem-oriented approach to planning especially
appropriate for police agencies. It relies heavily on the
problem identification and analysis of the planning process.

2. INCREMENTAL
→ Concludes that long range and comprehensive planning
are not only too difficult, but inherently bad.
→The problems are seen as too difficult when they are grouped
together and easier to solve when they are taken one at a time
and broken down into gradual adjustments over time.

3. TRANSACTIVE
→ Is carried out in face-to-face interaction with the people who
are to be affected by the plan and not to an anonymous target
community of beneficiaries
→ Techniques include field surveys and interpersonal dialogue
marked by a process of mutual learning

4. ADVOCACY
→ Shows that beneficial aspects of this approach include a
greater sensitivity to the unintended and negative side
effects of plans.

5. RADICAL
→ Has two mainstream
1. The first mainstream involves collective actions to achieve
concrete results in the immediate future.
2. The second mainstream is critical of large-scale social
processes and how they permeate the character of social
and economic life at all levels, which, in turn, determine the
structure and evolution of social problems.

CLASSIFICATION OF POLICE PLAN

According to Coverage:
POLICE PLANS could be:
1. Local Plans (within police precincts, sub-stations and stations)
2. Regional Plans
3. National Plans

According to Time:
1. Strategic or Long-Range Plan
2. Intermediate or Medium Range Plan
3. Operational or Short-Range Plan

STRATEGIC OR LONG-RANGE PLAN

➔ It relates to plans which are strategic or long range in application, and it determines the
organization's original goals and strategy. (5 to 10 years)

INTERMEDIATE OR MEDIUM RANGE PLAN

➔ It relates to plans, which determine quantity and quality efforts and accomplishments. It
refers to the process of determining the contribution on efforts that can make or provide
with allocated resources. (6 to 18 months)
EXAMPLES: 6 MASTER PLANS:
• Master Plan Sandigan-Milenyo (Anti-Crime Master Plan)
• Master Plan Sandugo (Support to Internal Security Operations Master Plan)
• Master Plan Banat (Anti-Illegal Drugs Master Plan)
• Master Plan Sang-lngat (Security Operations Master Plan)
• Master Plan Saklolo (Disaster Management Master Plan)
• Sangyaman (Protection and Preservation of Environment, Cultural Properties, and
Natural Resources Master Plan)

OPERATIONAL OR SHORT-RANGE PLAN

➔ Refers to the production of plans, which determine the schedule of special activity and are
applicable from one week or less than a year duration. Plan that addresses immediate
needs which are specific and how it can be accomplished on time with available allocated
resources. (1 day to 6 months)
EXAMPLES OF OPLANS:
• Oplan Jumbo - Aviation Security Group Strategic Plan against terrorist attacks
• Oplan Salikop - Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG) Strategic Plan
against Organized Crime Groups
• The Traffic Management Group (TMG) through its "OPLAN DISIPLINA" that resulted in
the apprehension of 110,975 persons, the confiscation of 470 unlawfully attached gadgets to
vehicles and rendering various forms of motorists' assistance.
• Oplan Bantay Dalampasigan - that sets forth the operational guidelines on the
heightened security measures and sea borne security patrols.

TYPES OF PLANS IN GENERAL

1. REACTIVE PLANS → Are developed as a result of crisis. A particular problem may occur for
which the department has no plan and must quickly develop one, sometimes without careful
preparation.

2. PROACTIVE PLANS → Are developed in anticipation of problems. Although not all police
problems are predictable, many are, and it is possible, for a police department to prepare a
response in advance.

3. VISIONARY PLANS → Are essential statements that identify the role of the police in the
community and a future condition or state to which the department can aspire.
4. STRATEGIC PLANS → Are designed to meet the long-range, overall goals of the
organization. Such plans allow the department to adapt to anticipated changes or develop a new
philosophy or model of policing.

5. OPERATIONAL PLANS (OPLANS) → Are designed to meet the specific tasks required to
implement strategic plans (short-range plan 1-6 months)

6. TACTICAL PLAN → is characterized as short-term plan. These are the procedures for coping
with specific situations at known locations.

7. CONTINGENCY PLAN → is need-based and is formulated when the need for change arises or
during the occurrence of any unexpected circumstances. It is also called alternate plans as it
comes under the picture once other plans fail to produce desired results.

8. EXTRA-OFFICE PLANS → The active interest and the participation of individual citizen is so
vital to the success of the PNP programs that the PNP shall continuously seek to motivate,
promote, and maintain an active public concern in its affairs.

9. MANAGEMENT PLANS → Shall map out in advance all operations involved in the organization
management of personnel and material and in the procurement and disbursement of money.
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
➔ Products of police operational planning adopted by the police organization to guide the
police officers in the conduct of their duties and functions, especially during the field
operations.
SOP #01 - Police Beat Patrol Procedures - basic procedures to be observed by all PNP units and
mobile patrol elements in the conduct of visibility patrol.
Beat – an area assigned for patrol purposes, whether by foot or motorized
SOP #02 - Bantay Kalye - deployment of 85°/o of the PNP in field to increase police visibility and
intensify anti-crime campaign nationwide.
SOP #03 - Siyasat - guidelines in the conduct of inspections to ensure police visibility
4 types of inspections (House, Building, Miscellaneous, and crime prevention
follow-up)
SOP #04 - REACT 166 - prescribes the procedures in detail of duty officers, telephone operators and
radio operators, and their term of duty and responsibilities.
SOP #05 - Ligtas (Anti-Kidnapping) - PNP's guidelines in its fight against kidnapping activities.
SOP #06 - Anti-Carnapping - prescribes the conduct of an all-out and sustained anti-carnapping
campaign.
SOP #07 - Anti-Terrorism - prescribes the operational guidelines in the conduct operations against
terrorist and other lawless elements that involved in terrorist activities.
SOP #08 - Joint Anti-Bank Robbery Action Committee (Anti-Bank Robbery) - provides overall
planning, coordination, and monitoring to ensure successful implementation.
SOP #09 - Anti-Hijacking/Highway Robbery - guidelines and concepts of operations to be observed
in the conduct of anti-highway robbery/hold-up/hijacking operations.
SOP #10 - Panlalansag/ Pag-aayos-Hope - concept of operations and tasks of all concerned units in
the campaign against partisan armed groups and loose fire.
SOP #11 - Manhunt Bravo (Neutralization of Wanted Persons) - concept of operation task of all
concerned units in the neutralization of wanted persons.
SOP #12 - Anti-Illegal Gambling - fight against all forms of illegal gambling nationwide
SOP #13 - Anti-Squatting - campaign against professional squatters and squatting syndicates.
SOP #14 - Jericho - undertaken by the NHQ of PNP in the establishment of quick reaction group that
can be detailed with the office of the DILG.
SOP #15 - Nena (Anti-Prostitution/Vagrancy) - operation thrust to be taken by the PNP that will
spearhead the fight against prostitution and vagrancy.
SOP #16 - Anti-Pornography - guidelines in enforcing the ban on pornographic materials.
SOP #17 – Guidelines in the Conduct of Arrest, Search and Seizure - procedures and manner of
conducting of an arrest, raid, search, and seizure.
SOP #18 - Schematic Diagram of Sandigan Master Plan
SOP #19 -Anti-Illegal Logging
SOP #20 -Anti-Illegal Fishing
SOP #21 -Anti-Illegal Drugs
CHAPTER VII
CRIME MAPPING
CRIME MAPPING → Identifies not only where the actual crime took place, but also looks at where
the perpetrator lives, works, and plays as well as where the victim lives, works, and plays.
Crime analysis has identified that the majority of criminals tend to commit crimes within their
comfort zones, and crime mapping is what allows police and investigators to see where that
comfort zone might be.
→The process of using a geographic-information system to conduct spatial analysis of
crime problems and other police-related issues
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

SINGLE-SYMBOL MAPPING → In a single symbol maps, individual, uniform symbols represent

features such as the locations of stores, roads, or states. Display all features with the same symbol.
GRADUATED MAPPING → Crime analysis often use graduated maps – that is, maps in which
different sizes or colors of features represent particular values of variables

CHART MAPPING → Chart mapping allows the crime analyst to display several values within a
particular variable at the same time.
DENSITY MAPPING → In density mapping, analyst use point data to shade surfaces that are not
limited to area boundaries.

INTERACTIVE CRIME MAPPING → Rather than a type of mapping, the term interactive crime
mapping refers to simplified geographic information systems made available to novice users
over the internet.