Determinants L1

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS
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Topics to be covered
● Introduction to Determinants
● Properties of Determinants
● Area of Triangle using determinants
● Minors and Cofactors
● Adjoint of Matrix
● Inverse of a Matrix
● System of Linear Equations
Guess the Name ???
Determinate Ant
Introduction to Determinants
Definition:
To every square matrix A = [aij] of order n, we can
associate a number (real or complex) called determinant
of the square matrix A, where aij = (i, j)th element of A.
Introduction to Determinants
Definition:
To every square matrix A = [aij] of order n, we can
associate a number (real or complex) called determinant
of the square matrix A, where aij = (i, j)th element of A.
For example: For a square matrix
Determinant is
Notation:
Order of Determinants
ORDER
Order of Determinants
The number of rows or number of columns
represent the order of a determinant.
Determinant Order
1
3
Expansion of Determinants
Order 1:
Eg. If then det

Order 1:
Eg. If then det
Order 2:
Order 3:
Order 3:
Order 3:
Expanding along R1
Steps
1. Find 1st element of row R1
2. Delete the rows and column corresponding to 1st
element
3. Find determinant of remaining elements
4. Multiply this determinant with 1st element a11
5. Multiply this determinant with
Order 3:
= det A
+
Expanding along R1
Steps
6. Repeat previous 5 steps for remaining elements
(a12 & a13) of R1
6. Add all the calculated values

Note
● Remember the following signs while expansion
● We can expand the determinant using any row and

column. The value of the determinant will be the same.
● For easier calculations, we shall expand the
determinant along that row or column which contains
maximum number of zeros.
● |AB| = |A| .|B|
Evaluate the following determinant:



Solution:
Expanding along R1
CBSE-2015
Find the value of x if

CBSE-2015

CBSE-2015

Solution:
Given
[∵ ]
CBSE-2016
Solve for x:
A -1
B 1
C -2
D 2
CBSE-2016
Solve for x:
CBSE-2016
Solve for x:
CBSE-2016
Solve for x:
CBSE-2016
Solve for x:
A -1
B 1
C -2
D 2
Solution:
Given
[x ≠ -2 as ]
Area of Triangle using Determinants


Area of a Triangle
Area of triangle ABC, whose vertices are A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2)
and C(x3, y3) is given by

Area of a Triangle
and C(x3, y3) is given by
In determinant form
Area of triangle ABC


Condition of Collinearity of Three Points

Condition of Collinearity of Three Points
If the points and are
collinear, then the area of triangle ABC is zero, i.e.,
Case Study Questions

A farmer has a quadrilateral field, where he grows
different crops in the shape of triangle. For this he needs
to measure the area of the field, which is given as below:
and C(x3, y3) is given by determinant
(i) What is the area of triangular field with vertices (-1, 2),
(2, 3), (6, 1) ?
A 30 unit2
B 35 unit2
C 40 unit2
D 5 unit2
(2, 3), (6, 1) ?
(2, 3), (6, 1) ?
(2, 3), (6, 1) ?
(2, 3), (6, 1) ?
A 30 unit2
B 35 unit2
C 40 unit2
D 5 unit2
Solution:
Area of triangle, is given by determinant
Sq. units
(ii) If the points (2, -3), (k, -1) and (0, 4) are collinear,
then k is equal to
A 4
C 7
D
then k is equal to
then k is equal to
then k is equal to
then k is equal to
A 4
C 7
D
Solution:
Since given points are collinear

Therefore,
(iii) If the area of triangle ABC with vertices (1, 3), (0, 0)
and (k, 0) is 3 sq. units, then k is equal to
A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5
A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5
Solution:
According to Question
(iv) Using determinants, find the equation of line joining

points (2, 1) and (3, 5)
A 4x - y = 7
B x = 3y
C y=x
D 4x - y = 5

points (2, 1) and (3, 5)

points (2, 1) and (3, 5)

points (2, 1) and (3, 5)

points (2, 1) and (3, 5)
A 4x - y = 7
B x = 3y
C y=x
D 4x - y = 5
Solution:
Let A be (2, 1) , B be(3, 5) and P(x, y) be any point on

the line joining the points A and B, then the area of
triangle ABP = 0
Minors and Cofactors

Minors
The determinant obtained by deleting the ith row and jth
column of determinant A, is called the minor of the
element
Notation: Minor of aij is denoted by Mij
Cofactors
The minor Mij multiplied by (-1)i+j is called the cofactor of
the element aij.
Notation: Cofactor of aij is denoted as Aij (or Cij) = (-1)i+j Mij.
Aij (or Cij)

Expansion of a Determinant in terms

of Cofactors
Let
Expanding along R1
= Sum of product of element of R1 with their

corresponding cofactors
Expansion of a Determinant in terms

of Cofactors
Similarly, Δ can be calculated by other five ways of
expansion that is along R2, R3, C1, C2 and C3.
Hence,
Δ = sum of the product of elements of any row (or
column) with their corresponding cofactors.
Observations
If elements of a row (or column) are multiplied with cofactors
of any other row (or column), then their sum is zero.
Adjoint of a Square Matrix

Adjoint of a given matrix is the transpose of the matrix,
whose elements are the cofactors of the elements of the
given matrix.
Notation: adj A
i.e. if then
Adjoint of a Square Matrix

Observations
The adjoint of a 2 × 2 matrix can be found directly by
interchanging the diagonal elements and changing the sign
of the off diagonal elements.
So , then
Properties of Adjoint of a Matrix

If A and B be any given square matrices of order n, then
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) adj (adj A) = |A|n - 2. A

If , then find the values of M12 , M23 , C23
and C33 .
and C33 .
and C33 .
and C33 .
Solution:
M12
M23
M33
If matrix then find adj A.



Solution:
Solution:
Matrix of cofactors
A is a square matrix of order 3. Find the value of

(i) |2. adj A| provided that |A| = 9 CBSE 2019
(ii) |adj A| provided A(adjA) = 10I CBSE 2020

CBSE 2019

(i) |2. adj A| provided that |A| = 9
CBSE 2019

CBSE 2019

Solution:
Given that A is a square matrix of order 3 and |A| = 9
We know that |kA| = kn |A| and |adj A| = |A|n - 1, where n is

the order of the matrix
CBSE 2020

(ii) |adj A| provided A(adjA) = 10I
CBSE 2020

CBSE 2020

Solution:
Given: A is a square matrix of order 3 and A(adj A) = 10I

We know that
Also,
Let A be a 2 x 2 matrix.
Assertion: adj (adj A) = A
Reason: |adj A| = |A|
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and

A
Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason
B is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
C Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
D Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and

A
Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason
B is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
C Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
D Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

Solution:
Since adj (adj A) = |A|n - 2 .A

= |A|2 - 2 . A [∵ n = 2]
= |A|0 .A = A
Now, |adj A| = |A|n - 1 = |A|2 - 1 [∵ n = 2]

= |A|
Hence, both assertion and reason are true but reason is not
correct explanation of assertion.

Determinants L1

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CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Guess the Name ???

For example: For a square matrix

Eg. If then det

Eg. If then det

6. Add all the calculated values

● We can expand the determinant using any row and

Evaluate the following determinant:

Evaluate the following determinant:

Evaluate the following determinant:

Find the value of x if

Find the value of x if

Find the value of x if

Area of Triangle using Determinants

Area of Triangle using Determinants

Area of Triangle using Determinants

Area of triangle ABC

Area of Triangle using Determinants

Area of Triangle using Determinants

Case Study Questions

Case Study Questions

Case Study Questions

Case Study Questions

Case Study Questions

Case Study Questions

Area of triangle, is given by determinant

Case Study Questions

Case Study Questions

Case Study Questions

Case Study Questions

Case Study Questions

Since given points are collinear

Case Study Questions

Case Study Questions

Case Study Questions

Case Study Questions

Case Study Questions

Case Study Questions

(iv) Using determinants, find the equation of line joining

Case Study Questions

(iv) Using determinants, find the equation of line joining

Case Study Questions

(iv) Using determinants, find the equation of line joining

Case Study Questions

(iv) Using determinants, find the equation of line joining

Case Study Questions

(iv) Using determinants, find the equation of line joining

Let A be (2, 1) , B be(3, 5) and P(x, y) be any point on

Minors and Cofactors

Aij (or Cij)

Expansion of a Determinant in terms

= Sum of product of element of R1 with their

Expansion of a Determinant in terms

Adjoint of a Square Matrix

Adjoint of a Square Matrix

Properties of Adjoint of a Matrix

(d) adj (adj A) = |A|n - 2. A

If , then find the values of M12 , M23 , C23

If , then find the values of M12 , M23 , C23

If , then find the values of M12 , M23 , C23

If , then find the values of M12 , M23 , C23

If matrix then find adj A.