Matrices L3

CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES
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Topics to be covered
● What is Matrix
● Order of a Matrix
● Types of Matrices
● Algebra of matrices
# Addition and Subtraction of Matrices
# Multiplication of Matrices
● Properties of Multiplication of Matrices
● Different types of questions on multiplication
● Transpose of a Matrix
● Symmetric Matrices
● Skew - Symmetric Matrices
Transpose of a Matrix
Row Column
If A = [aij]m×n be a m × n matrix, then the matrix obtained by
interchanging the rows and columns of A is called the
transpose of A.
Notation:
Transpose of the matrix A is denoted by A’ or AT .
If A = [aij]m×n be a m × n matrix, then the matrix obtained by
interchanging the rows and columns of A is called the
transpose of A.
Notation:
Transpose of the matrix A is denoted by A’ or AT .
So, if then
Eg:
Properties of Transpose:
For any matrices A and B of suitable orders,
(a) (AT)T = A
(a) (AT)T = A
(b) (kA)T = kAT (where k is any constant)
(a) (AT)T = A
(c) (A ± B)T = AT ± BT
(a) (AT)T = A
(c) (A ± B)T = AT ± BT
(d) (AB)T = BT AT
Symmetric Matrix:
Symmetric Matrix:
Symmetric Matrix:
A square matrix A is said to be a symmetric matrix if A’ = A
Symmetric Matrix:
Eg: then
Since A’ = A. So, A is a symmetric matrix.

Symmetric Matrix:
Eg: then
Since A’ = A. So, A is a symmetric matrix.
Note
In a symmetric matrix
Skew Symmetric Matrix:
Skew Symmetric Matrix:
A square matrix A is said to be a skew symmetric matrix
if A’ = -A.
Eg:
= -A
Observation:
1. for all possible values of i and j.

2. All the diagonal elements of a skew symmetric matrix
are zero, i.e.,
CBSE-2010, 2013
If then find AT - BT.

CBSE-2010, 2013

CBSE-2010, 2013

CBSE-2010, 2013

Solution:
Given,
Transpose of
Now,
CBSE-2016
If is a symmetric matrix then

find the values of a and b.
CBSE-2016

CBSE-2016

Solution:
Now, A = AT [ since A is symmetric matrix]

CBSE-2019
If A, B are symmetric matrices of same order, then prove

that AB - BA is skew-symmetric.
CBSE-2019

CBSE-2019

Solution:
A and B are symmetric matrices, therefore, we have:

A’ = A and B’ = B …(1)
Here, (AB - BA)’ = (AB)’ - (BA)’
= B’A’ - A’B’
= BA - AB [by
(1)]
= -(AB - BA)
(AB + AB)’ = -(AB - BA)
Hence, (AB - BA) is a skew-symmetric matrix.
Let A and B be two symmetric matrices of order 3.

Assertion: A(BA) and (AB)A are symmetric matrices
Reason: AB is a symmetric matrix, if matrix multiplication
of A with B is commutative.
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and

A
Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason
B is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
C Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
D Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.




Both Assertion and Reason are correct and

A
Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason
B is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
C Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
D Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

Solution:
Assertion: Since A and B are symmetric matrices
∴ AT = A and BT = B
Now, consider [A(BA)]T = (BA)T . AT = (ATBT)AT
= (AB)A = A(BA)
So, [A(BA)]T = A(BA)
⇒ A(BA) is symmetric.
Similarly, (AB)A is symmetric.
So, Assertion is true.
Reason: Now, (AB)T = BTAT = BA
This will be symmetric if AB = BA i.e., matrix
multiplication of A with B is commutative.
So, Reason is also true but it is not correct explanation for
assertion.
CBSE-2010
If then find A + A’ .
D
CBSE-2010
CBSE-2010
CBSE-2010
D
Solution:
Given, Thus,
Now,
CBSE-2018
For what values of a and b, Matrix

is skew -symmetric?
A a = 2 and b = 3
B a = 3 and b = -2
C a = -2 and b = 3
D a = 3 and b = 2
CBSE-2018

is skew -symmetric?
CBSE-2018

is skew -symmetric?
CBSE-2018

is skew -symmetric?
A a = 2 and b = 3
B a = 3 and b = -2
C a = -2 and b = 3
D a = 3 and b = 2
Solution:
Given: Matrix A is skew symmetric ⇒ AT = -A ..

. . (i)
Now,
Solution:
From (i), A + AT = O
⇒a+2=0 and
b-3=0
∴ a = -2 and
b=3
Symmetric and Skew symmetric Matrix

Theorem 1: For any square matrix A with real number
Very Important
entries, A + A' is a symmetric matrix and A - A' is skew
symmetric matrix.
Symmetric and Skew symmetric Matrix

Theorem 1: For any square matrix A with real number
Very Important
entries, A + A' is a symmetric matrix and A - A' is skew
symmetric matrix.
Theorem 2: Any square matrix can be expressed as the

sum of a symmetric and skew symmetric matrix.
NCERT Exemplar, CBSE 2015
Express the matrix as sum of symmetric
and skew-symmetric matrix.



Solution:
We know that a square matrix A can be written as
Where, ½ (A + AT ) is symmetric and ½ (A - AT)

is skew-symmetric.
For the given matrix

Solution:
and
Hence,
CBSE-2020
The matrix can be expressed as the sum of
symmetric and skew-symmetric matrix as
A B
C D
CBSE-2020

CBSE-2020

CBSE-2020
A B
C D
Solution:
We know that a square matrix A can be written as
Where, ½ (A + AT ) is symmetric and ½ (A - AT)

is skew-symmetric.
For the given matrix
Solution:
And,
Thus,
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Matrices L3

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CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Since A’ = A. So, A is a symmetric matrix.

Since A’ = A. So, A is a symmetric matrix.

1. for all possible values of i and j.

If then find AT - BT.

If then find AT - BT.

If then find AT - BT.

If then find AT - BT.

If is a symmetric matrix then

If is a symmetric matrix then

If is a symmetric matrix then

Now, A = AT [ since A is symmetric matrix]

If A, B are symmetric matrices of same order, then prove

If A, B are symmetric matrices of same order, then prove

If A, B are symmetric matrices of same order, then prove

A and B are symmetric matrices, therefore, we have:

Let A and B be two symmetric matrices of order 3.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and

C Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.

D Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

Let A and B be two symmetric matrices of order 3.

Let A and B be two symmetric matrices of order 3.

Let A and B be two symmetric matrices of order 3.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and

C Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.

D Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

For what values of a and b, Matrix

For what values of a and b, Matrix

For what values of a and b, Matrix

For what values of a and b, Matrix

Given: Matrix A is skew symmetric ⇒ AT = -A ..

Symmetric and Skew symmetric Matrix

Symmetric and Skew symmetric Matrix

Theorem 2: Any square matrix can be expressed as the

NCERT Exemplar, CBSE 2015

Express the matrix as sum of symmetric

and skew-symmetric matrix.

NCERT Exemplar, CBSE 2015

Express the matrix as sum of symmetric

and skew-symmetric matrix.

NCERT Exemplar, CBSE 2015

Express the matrix as sum of symmetric

and skew-symmetric matrix.

We know that a square matrix A can be written as

Where, ½ (A + AT ) is symmetric and ½ (A - AT)

For the given matrix

The matrix can be expressed as the sum of

symmetric and skew-symmetric matrix as

The matrix can be expressed as the sum of

symmetric and skew-symmetric matrix as

The matrix can be expressed as the sum of

symmetric and skew-symmetric matrix as

The matrix can be expressed as the sum of

symmetric and skew-symmetric matrix as

We know that a square matrix A can be written as

Where, ½ (A + AT ) is symmetric and ½ (A - AT)

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