Determinant L2

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS
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Topics to be covered
● Introduction to Determinants
● Properties of Determinants
● Area of Triangle using determinants
● Minors and Cofactors
● Adjoint of Matrix
● Inverse of a Matrix
● System of Linear Equations
Singular and Non-Singular Matrix

Singular matrix
If the determinant of any square matrix A is zero,
i.e. |A| = 0, then matrix A is termed as singular matrix.
Non-Singular matrix
If the determinant of any square matrix A is non-zero,
i.e. |A| ≠ 0, then matrix A is termed as non-singular matrix.
If matrix is singular, then value of

x is:
A -1
B 1
C 0
D None of these

x is:

x is:

x is:
A -1
B 1
C 0
D None of these
Solution:
Solution:
Since, the matrix A is singular, therefore
Thus, the required value of is

1.
Inverse of a Matrix
If A is a square matrix of order n and if there exists another
square matrix B of the same order n, such that
AB = I = BA
Hence, B is called the inverse matrix of A
Notation: A-1
If A-1 exists, then A is said to be invertible
Thus, B = A-1
⇒ AA-1 = I = A-1 A
Inverse of a Matrix
Formula for A−1
Note
● A square matrix A is invertible if and only if A is non
singular matrix i.e. |A| ≠ 0.
CBSE-2015
If then find (A’)-1.

CBSE-2015

CBSE-2015

Solution:
We have
∴ A is non-singular. It means A has an inverse i.e. A-1

exists.
Solution:
NCERT Exemplar
Prove that (A-1)’ = (A’)-1, where A is an invertible matrix.

NCERT Exemplar

NCERT Exemplar

Solution:
Since A is an invertible matrix, so it is non-singular.

We know that |A| = |A’|. But |A| ≠ 0.
So |A’| ≠ 0 i.e. A’ is invertible matrix.
Now, we know that AA-1 = A-1A = I
Taking transpose on both sides, we get
(A-1)’ A’ = A’ (A-1)’ = (I)’ = I
Hence (A-1)’ is inverse of A’
i.e., (A’)-1 = (A-1)’
NCERT
If , then is equal to:
D None of these
NCERT

NCERT

NCERT

NCERT
If , then
is equal to:
D None of these
Solution:
exists
NCERT
Assertion: If and A-1 = kA, then
Reason:
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and

A Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but

B Reason is not the correct explanation for
Assertion.
C Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
D Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

NCERT
Reason:
NCERT
Reason:
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and

A Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but

B Reason is not the correct explanation for
Assertion.
C Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
D Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

Solution:
[∵ ]
Thus, Assertion is incorrect

Solution:
Also, we know that AA-1 = I

⇒ |AA-1| = | I |
⇒ |A| |A-1| = 1
⇒
Thus Reason is correct.
Solution of System of Linear Equations

Two Variables
If the given system of equation is a1x = b1y = c1 and
a2x + b2y = c2 , we express them in the matrix equation
form as: AX = B
Here,

Three Variables
If the given system of equations is a1x + b1y + c1z = d1,
a2x + b2y + c2z = d2 and a3x + b3y + c3z = d3, then this
system is expressed in the matrix equation form as :
AX = B
Where,

Note
If |A| ≠ 0 and (adj A)B ≠ 0, then the system of equations are
consistent and have a non-zero, unique solution.
If |A| ≠ 0 and (adj A)B = 0, then the system of equations will
have trivial solutions(x = y = z = 0).
If |A| = 0 and (adj A)B = 0, then the system of equations are
consistent and have infinitely many solutions.
If |A| = 0 and (adj A)B ≠ 0, then the system of equations are
inconsistent and have no solution.

For the given system of equation
we express them in the matrix equation form as:
AX = B
CBSE-2020
Check the consistency of the system of linear equations:

CBSE-2020

CBSE-2020

Solution:
Given system of linear equations is:
In matrix equation form, the given system of equations

can be written as AX =B, where
Solution:
Thus, the system is inconsistent and has No solution

CBSE-2020
Solve the following system of equations, using matrix

method: x - y + 2z = 7; 2x - y + 3z = 12; 3x + 2y - z = 5
CBSE-2020

CBSE-2020

Solution:
The given equations expressed in the matrix equation

form as:
….(i)
which is in the form AX = B, where
Here,
Solution:
So, ‘
Hence, from (ii), we have
Thus, x = 2, y = 1 and z = 3
NCERT
Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method:

5x + 2y = 4; 7x + 3y = 5
A x = 2, y = 3
B x = -2, y = 3
C x = 2, y = -3
D x = -2, y = -3
NCERT

5x + 2y = 4; 7x + 3y = 5
NCERT

5x + 2y = 4; 7x + 3y = 5
NCERT

5x + 2y = 4; 7x + 3y = 5
A x = 2, y = 3
B x = -2, y = 3
C x = 2, y = -3
D x = -2, y = -3
Solution:
The given system of equations can be written in the

form of AX = B, where
Now,
Thus, A is non-singular. Therefore, its inverse exists.
Now,
Solution:
Hence, x = 2 and y = -3.

Case Study Questions

Manjit wants to donate a rectangular plot of land for a school
in his village. When he was asked to give the dimensions of
the plot, he told that if its length is decreased by 50 m and
breadth is increased by 50 m, then its area will remain same,
but if the length is decreased by 10 m and breadth is
decreased by 20 m, then its area will decrease by 5300 m2.
(i) The equations in terms of x and y are
D


D
Solution:
(i) Let the length of rectangular field be ‘x’ m and

breadth be ‘y’ m.
According to question, when length is decreased by 50
m and breadth is increased by 50 m, then its area will
remain same
I.e.,
….(1)
when length is decreased by 10 m and breadth is
decreased by 20 m, then its area will be decreased by
5300 m2
I.e.,
….(2)
(ii) Which of the following matrix equation is represented

by above data
D

by above data

by above data

by above data
D
Solution:
(ii) According to question, we have

….(I)
…..(II)
Equations (I) and (II) can be written in matrix form as
(iii) The value of x (length of rectangular field) is
A 150 m
B 400 m
C 200m
D 320 m


A 150 m
B 400 m
C 200m
D 320 m
Solution:
(iii) According to question, we have

….(I)
…..(II)
(iv) The area of rectangular field is
A 60000 m2
B 30000 m2
C 22500 m2
D 64000 m2


A 60000 m2
B 30000 m2
C 22500 m2
D 64000 m2
Solution:
(iv) According to question, we have

….(I)
…..(II)
Thus, Area of rectangular field is 200 x 150 = 30000 m2

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CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Singular and Non-Singular Matrix

If matrix is singular, then value of

If matrix is singular, then value of

If matrix is singular, then value of

If matrix is singular, then value of

Since, the matrix A is singular, therefore

Thus, the required value of is

If then find (A’)-1.

If then find (A’)-1.

If then find (A’)-1.

∴ A is non-singular. It means A has an inverse i.e. A-1

Prove that (A-1)’ = (A’)-1, where A is an invertible matrix.

Prove that (A-1)’ = (A’)-1, where A is an invertible matrix.

Prove that (A-1)’ = (A’)-1, where A is an invertible matrix.

Since A is an invertible matrix, so it is non-singular.

If , then is equal to:

If , then is equal to:

If , then is equal to:

If , then is equal to:

Assertion: If and A-1 = kA, then

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but

C Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.

D Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

Assertion: If and A-1 = kA, then

Assertion: If and A-1 = kA, then

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but

C Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.

D Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

Thus, Assertion is incorrect

Also, we know that AA-1 = I

Solution of System of Linear Equations

Solution of System of Linear Equations

Solution of System of Linear Equations

Solution of System of Linear Equations

Check the consistency of the system of linear equations:

Check the consistency of the system of linear equations:

Check the consistency of the system of linear equations:

Given system of linear equations is:

In matrix equation form, the given system of equations

Thus, the system is inconsistent and has No solution

Solve the following system of equations, using matrix

Solve the following system of equations, using matrix

Solve the following system of equations, using matrix

The given equations expressed in the matrix equation

Hence, from (ii), we have

Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method:

Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method:

Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method:

Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method:

The given system of equations can be written in the

Hence, x = 2 and y = -3.

Case Study Questions

Case Study Questions

(i) The equations in terms of x and y are

Case Study Questions

(i) The equations in terms of x and y are

Case Study Questions

(i) The equations in terms of x and y are

Case Study Questions