1.

12 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

sinmx ◊ cos nx _______

fi Im, n = – ​ ___________
  
(m + n)
 ​ + ​ 
m
 ​ I
(m + n) m – 1, n – 1
fi Ú  sinmx cosnx dx
sinm – 1x cosn + 1x m–1
Note: Similarly, we can easily formulate the reduction = – Ú  ​ _____________
   ​ + ______
​  ​I
m+n m + n m – 2, n
formula for
sin nx m which is the required reduction formula.
Ú  sinmx cos nx dx = sinmx ​ _______  ​ + _______
​   ​ I
(m + n) (m + n) m – 1, n – 1
11. Inexpressible integrals
Type 12: Reduction formula for
If an integral  Ú  f (x) dx as expressible in terms of elementary
Ú  sinmx cos nx dx functions, the integral is known as computable. But if an
m–1
Soln. Let P = sin x cos x n+1 integral  Ú  f (x) dx is not expressible in terms of elementary
dp functions, the integral is known as inexpressible or ‘cannot
fi ​ ___​ = (m – 1) sinm – 2 x cos n + 2x be found’.
dx
Some inexpressible integrals are
  – (n + 1) sinm x cos nx
Ú  ​ex​ ​ dx
2

= (m – 1) sinm – 2x cosnx ◊ cos 2x (i)

Ú  ​e–​ x ​  dx
2
  – (n + 1) sinmx cos nx (ii)
____
= (m – 1) sinm – 2 x cosnx ◊ (1 – sin 2x ) (iii) Ú  ​÷sin x ​ dx
– (n + 1) sinmx cos nx _____
m–2 n 2
(iv) Ú  ​÷cos x ​ dx
= (m – 1) sin x cos x ◊ (1 – sin x )
(v) Ú  x tan x dx
m n
  – (n + 1) sin x cos x sin x
m–2 n
(vi) Ú  ​ ____
x ​  dx
= (m – 1) sin x cos x cos x
  – (m – 1) sinmx cosnx – (n + 1) sinmx cos nx
(vii) Ú  ​ ____
x ​  dx
dx
= (m – 1) sinm – 2 x cosnx (viii) Ú  ​ ____
log x
​
  – (m – 1 + n + 1) sinmx cosnx _____

= (m – 1) sin m–2
x cos xn (ix) Ú  ​÷1______
+ x3 ​
3
  – (m + n) sinmx cosnx
(x) Ú  ​÷1 + x3 ​  dx
On integration, we get (xi) Ú  sin (x2) dx
P = (m – 1) Ú  sinm – 2x cosnx dx (xii) Ú  cos (x2) dx
2
– (m – n) Ú  sinmx cosnx dx x
(xiii) Ú  ​ 1_____
+ x5
 ​dx

(m – n) Ú  sinmx cosnx dx
__________
fi
(xiv) Ú  ​÷1 – k2sin   2
x ​ dx
= – P + (m – 1) Ú  sinm – 2x cosnx dx (xv)
__ __
Ú  ​÷x ​  cos ​÷x ​ dx.

Exercises
m
(
3. Evaluate: Ú  ​ xm + mx + mm + __
​ x ​  ​ dx )
(Problems based on Fundamentals)
4. Evaluate: Ú  2 ◊ 3 ◊ dx x x

ABC of Integration
5. Evaluate: Ú  tan2x dx
1. Evaluate: Ú  logx x dx
6. Evaluate: Ú  cot2x dx
2. Evaluate: Ú  ​( ​3log ​ x3​ )​
​ x2​ – 2​ log dx
7. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________ ​ 1=sin2x+cos2x
sin x cos2x
2
log/exponential properties
 Indefinite Integrals 1.13

( (
3p
8. Evaluate: Ú  ​ 1+ tan ​ x + ___ )) ( p
​   ​  ​  ​  ​ 1 + tan ​ __
8 (
​   ​ – x ​  ​ dx
8 )) ( cos 5x + cos 4x
29. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
​  )
  ​  ​ dx
  
1 + 2 cos3x
9. Evaluate: Ú  (tan x + cot x) dx 2
30. Evaluate: Ú  ​( ____________
1 – cosx )
expand cos x – cos2x
​     ​ ​ dx
  
dx
10. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________ ​
1 + cos2x dx
31. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________________________
        ​
(tan x + cot x + sec x + cos x)
11. Evaluate: Ú ​( ​3log ​ 5x​ )​ dx
​ 5x​ – 2​ log
Type 2

( p
12. Evaluate: Ú  ​ 1+ tan ​ __ ( ))( p
​   ​ – x ​  ​ ​ 1+ tan ​ __
8 (
​   ​ + x ​  ​ dx
8 )) x+1
x
32. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____  ​ dx

​ (
81 + x + 41 + x
13. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
22x
   ​  ​ dx
seperate numerator and break powers
) (1 + x)2
33. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________
x (1 + x2)
 ​  dx

x m
14. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __(
​ m ​ + __
​ x ​ + xm + mx ​ dx ) x2 – 2
34. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______  ​ dx
x2 + 1
(ax + b x)2
15. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________ ​ dx x–1
axbx open square seperate numerator 35. Evaluate: Ú​ _____________     ​  dx
(x2/3 + x1/3 + 1)
(2x + 3 x)2
16. Evaluate: Ú ​ ________

1
2x ◊ 3xdx
​

1 p
(
x4 + 2
36. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______
​  2
x +2
 ​  ​ dx)
17. If f ¢(x) = __
​ x ​ + ______
​  ______ ​ and f (1) = __
Ú( )
​   ​, find f (x). x4 – 3
÷​ 1 – x  ​
2 2 37. Evaluate:   ​ ______
​  2  ​  ​ dx
x +1
18. If f ¢(x) = a cos x + b sin x and
p Ú(
x6 – 1
38. Evaluate:   ​ ______
​  2  ​  ​ dx)
f ¢(0) = 4, f ¢(0) = 3, f  ​ __ ( )
​   ​  ​ = 5, find f (x).
2
x +1

Ú( )
put given values to get either c or other constants
Type 1 x8 + x4 + 1
39. Evaluate:   ​ __________
​  4   
   ​  ​ dx
x + x2 + 1
dx
19. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______ ​
Ú( )
1 – sin x+- 2sin2xcos2x and 1=sin2x+cos2x x4
40. Evaluate:   ​ _____
​  2  ​  ​ dx
(
sin4x + cos4x
20. Evaluate: Ú ​ ____________
​    ​  ​ dx
   ) x +1

Ú( )
sin2x cos2x x4 + x2 + 1
41. Evaluate:   ​ ​ __________
  
   ​  ​ dx
Ú( )
6 6
sin x + cos x
21. Evaluate:  ​ ____________
​  2   ​  ​ dx
   x2 + x + 1
sin x cos2x
A^3+B^3=(A+B)(A^2+B^2-AB) Ú(
x6 + 1
42. Evaluate:   ​ ______
​  2  ​  ​ dx)
​ (
cos 2x – cosa
22. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
   )
   ​  ​dx cos2x idenetity
cosx – cosa
x +1
Type 3

(
cos4x – sin4x
23. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
​  _________
÷
   ​  ​ dx
  
​ 1 + cos4x ​ ) a^2-b^2 identity 43. Evaluate: Ú  sin– 1(sin x) dx

Ú(
1 + tan2x
24. Evaluate:   ​ ________
​ 
1 + cot2x
​  ​ dx ) 44. Evaluate: Ú  sin– 1(cos x) dx
_________

(
cos x – cos 2x
25. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ​ ___________
   ​  ​ dx
  
1 – cos x ) ​ (÷
1 – cos 2x
45. Evaluate: Ú  tan  ​ ​ _________
–1
1 + cos 2x
​ ​  ​ dx )
___________

(
÷​ x4 + x– ​ 
4
+ 2 ​
26. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ​ ____________
x3
  
   ​ dx ) ​ (sin 2x
46. Evaluate: Ú  tan– 1 ​ _________  ​  ​ dx
1 + cos 2x
_________
)
(
5cos3x + 3sin3x
27. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______________
​    ​  ​ dx
  
cos2x sin2x ) (÷
1 – cos 2x
47. Evaluate: Ú  tan– 1 ​ ​ _________
​    ​ ​  ​ dx
1 + cos 2x )
(
cos x – sin x
28. Evaluate: Ú ​ ___________
​  )
   ​  ​ (1 + sin2x) dx
cos x + sin x
​ (sin x
48. Evaluate: Ú  tan– 1 ​ ________
1 – cos x )
​  ​ dx
1.14 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster
________
–1
​  (÷
1 – sin x
49. Evaluate: Ú  tan  ​ ​ ________
1 + sin x
​ ​  ​ dx )   
_________
dx _________
71. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______________________
     ​
​ 2x + 2014 ​  + ​÷2x + 3013 ​
÷
Type 6
(
sin x
50. Evaluate: Ú  tan–1 ​ ________
​ 
1 + cos x
​  ​ dx ) x
72. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______
_____  ​ dx
÷
​ x – 1 ​
(
cos x
51. Evaluate: Ú  tan–1 ​ ________
​ 
1 – sin x
​  ​ dx ) __
​ x​
73. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____  ​ dx
÷
x+1
 ​( ________
​  cos x ​ )​ dx
1 – sin x
52. Evaluate: Ú  tan– 1 x
74. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______
______  ​ dx
_________ _________ ÷

( )
​ 3x + 1 ​
​÷(1 + sin x) ​ + ​÷(1 – sin x) ​
53. Evaluate: Ú tan– 1 ​ ______________________
​  _________         _________  ​  ​ dx +1
x______
75. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______  ​  dx
÷ ÷
​ (1 + sin x) ​ – ​ (1 + sin x) ​
÷
​ 2x – 1 ​
54. Evaluate: Ú  tan– 1 (sec x + tan x) dx –1
x_____
76. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______  ​ dx
÷
( )
sin 2 x ​ x + 4 ​
55. Evaluate: Ú  tan– 1 ​ __________
​    ​  ​ dx
1 + cos 2 x x
77. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____  ​ dx
Type 4 x2 + 1
Type 7
56. Evaluate: Ú  (3x + 2) dx
cos x – sin x
dx 78. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
   ​dx
57. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______  ​ sin x + cos x
2x – 3
3 cos x
dx 79. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________ ​  dx
58. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______​ 2 sin x + 5
5 – 2x
cos x – sin x
80. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
   ​dx
59. Evaluate: Ú  eax + b  dx 2 + sin 2x
xe x + ex
60. Evaluate: Ú  34x + 5  dx 81. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________  ​  dx
cos2(xex)
61. Evaluate: Ú  cos (5x + 3) dx dx
82. Evaluate: Ú ​ _________
    ​
x(1 + ln x)2
62. Evaluate: Ú  sin 2x dx
cos x – sin x + 1 – x
______ 83. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________________   ​dx
  
63. Evaluate: Ú  ​÷3x + 2 ​  dx ex + sin x + x
dx
dx 84. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____x ​
64. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______
______  ​ 1+e
÷
​ 3x + 4 ​
dx
85. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________
3
 ​
Type 5 x(x + 1)
dx _____
65. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______________
_____     ​ dx
86. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________  ​
​ x + 2 ​  – ​÷x + 1 ​
÷ 4
x(x + 1)
dx
66. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________________
   ______
______     ​ dx
(​÷2x + 5 ​  – ​÷2x + 3 ​) 87. Evaluate: Ú x(x
_______
​  5
– 1)
 ​
dx
67. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________________
    ​
______   ______
​ 3x + 4 ​  – ​÷3x + 1 ​
÷ sin 2x
88. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
  ​  dx
dx ______ sin 5 x sin 3x
68. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________________
______     ​
​ 2x + 3 ​  + ​÷2x – 3 ​
÷
dx
dx 89. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________________
       ​
69. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
_____    __ ​ sin(x – a) sin (x – b)
÷
​ x + 1 ​  + ​÷x ​
dx _____ e x – e– x
70. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______________
_____    ​ 90. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________ ​dx
​ x + a ​  + ​÷x + b ​
÷ e x + e– x
 Indefinite Integrals 1.15
dx dx
91. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______ ​ 112. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
__   
__  ​
1 + e– x ​ x ​(4 + 3​÷x ​)2
÷
dx
92. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____x ​ 113. Evaluate: Ú  ​3​3​ ​ ​​ ◊ ​33​ ​ dx
3x x

1+e
sin 2 x
93. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______________
     ​ dx 114. Evaluate: Ú  tan3 x ◊ sec2xdx
a sin x + b cos2x
2

115. Evaluate: Ú  sin3 x ◊ cos xdx

sin(x – a)
94. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________​dx (log x)3
sin x
116. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______
x ​  dx
sin x
95. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________  ​ dx sin x
sin (x – a) 117. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
_________   ​   dx
÷
​ 3 + 2 cos x​
  
sin(x + a)
96. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________ ​ dx ________
​÷2 + log x ​
sin(x + b)
118. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________
x ​  dx
dx
97. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________
__ __  ​ dx
119. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________ ​
​ x ​(÷
÷ ​ x ​ + 1) 1 + ​÷x ​
1 + tan x
98. Evaluate: Ú ​ ___________
  ​  dx 120. Evaluate: Ú  x3sin x4 dx
x + log sec x
121. Evaluate: Ú  ​5​5​ ​ ​​◊ ​55​ ​ ◊ 5x dx
5x x
sin 2x
99. Evaluate: Ú ​ ___________
  ​dx
sin 5x . sin 3x
sin x – cos x
122. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
   ​dx
cos x – sin x
100. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
   ​dx
   ex + sin x
1 + sin 2x
dx
dx 123. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________ ​
101. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________
  ​ x (1 + x 3)
sin x . cos2x
Type 9
dx
102. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
  ​.
sin2x . cos2x case I:

dx 124. Evaluate: Ú  sin3 x ◊ cos4x dx

103. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________________
       ​
sin (x – a) sin (x – b)
125. Evaluate: Ú  sin x ◊ cos6x dx
dx
104. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________________
       ​
cos (x – a) cos (x – b) 126. Evaluate: Ú  sin5x ◊ cos9x dx
dx
105. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________________
       ​ case II:
sin (x – a) sin (x – b)

x x(1 + ln x) 127. Evaluate: Ú  sin2x ◊ cos3x dx

106. Evaluate: Ú ​ __________
  
 ​dx
xx + 1 128. Evaluate: Ú  sin4x ◊ cos3x dx
cos x – sin x + 1 – x
107. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________________
   ​dx
   129. Evaluate: Ú  sin6x ◊ cos5x dx
ex + sin x + x
case III:
108. Evaluate:
sin3x 130. Evaluate: Ú  sin3x ◊ cos3x dx
Ú  ​ _________________________________
         ​ dx
(cos x + 3cos x + 1)tan– 1(sec x + cos x)
4 2
131. Evaluate: Ú  sin5x ◊ cos5x dx
Type 8
132. Evaluate: Ú  sin5x ◊ cos7x dx
109. Evaluate: Ú  3x2 sin (x3) dx
case IV:
(1 + ln x)3
110. Evaluate: Ú ​ _________ ​  dx
x 133. Evaluate: Ú  sin2x ◊ cos2x dx
dx
111. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
    ​
x (1 + x4)3/4
2 134. Evaluate: Ú  sin2x ◊ cos4x dx
1.16 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

135. Evaluate: Ú  sin4x ◊ cos2x dx dx

156. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
1
  
7
​
__
​   ​ __
​   ​
​sin​ ​ x ◊ ​cos​ ​ x
2 2
case V:
dx
157. Evaluate: Ú ​ ___________
   ​
136. Evaluate: Ú  sin3x dx
__________
÷​ sin x ◊ cos  
3 5
x​
137. Evaluate: Ú  sin5x dx ABC of Formula 6
138. Evaluate: Ú  sin7x dx dx
158. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______  ​
case VI: x2 + 4
dx
139. Evaluate: Ú  cos5x dx 159. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______  ​
9x 2 + 1
140. Evaluate: Ú  cos3x dx dx
160. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______
2
 ​
141. Evaluate: Ú  cos7x dx x –4
x4 – 1
case VII: 161. Evaluate: Ú ​ _______ ​
x2 + 5dx
142. Evaluate: Ú  sin4x dx dx
162. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______
_____  ​
÷​ x + 4 ​
4

143. Evaluate: Ú  sin2x dx dx

163. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________
______  ​
144. Evaluate: Ú  sin6x dx ÷​ 4x2 + 1 ​
case VIII:
(
x+4
164. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ​ _______
x3 + 4x
​  ​ dx
)
145. Evaluate: Ú  cos x dx
6

146. Evaluate: Ú  cos2x dx

(
x4 + 1
165. Evaluate: Ú ​ ______
 ​  2
x +1
 ​  ​ dx)
dx
166. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
    ​
147. Evaluate: Ú  cos4x dx
__________
÷​ (2 – x)2   
+ 1 ​
case IX: x+9
167. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______ ​  dx
dx
148. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
  ​ x3 + 9x
sin x cos3/2x
1/2
1+x
168. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____2 ​  dx
dx 1+x
149. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
  ​
sin x cos5/2x
3/2
1+x
____ 169. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____ ​ dx
​÷tan x ​ x3 + x
150. Evaluate: Ú  ​  ________ ​  dx
sin x cos x dx
170. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____  ​
sin x x4 + 1
151. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____ ​  dx.
cos5x dx
171. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____
3
​
x +x
dx
152. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________ ​
sin x cos5x
3 Type 10
dx
sin2x dx
153. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______​ 172. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
3
    ​
cos6x x + 4x + 4

dx dx
154. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________ ​ 173. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
2
    ​
sin x cos3x x + 6x + 10

dx dx
155. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________ ​ 174. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
    ​
sin x cos4x
2 2
2x + 5x + 6
 Indefinite Integrals 1.17
3x + 2
dx
175. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________  ​ 195. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
    ​  dx
x2 + x + 1 x2 – 3x + 4
x
dx 195. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________  ​  dx
176. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________2 ​ 2
x +x+1
1+x+x
4x + 1
dx 196. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
    ​  dx
177. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
2
    ​ x2 + 3x + 2
x + 4x + 3
dx dx
178. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
    ​ 197. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
    ​
2
4x + 7x + 10 2e2x + 3ex + 1
dx (3 sin x – 2) cos x dx
179. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______ ​ 198. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________________
    ​
  
x2 – 2ax (5 – cos2x – 4sin x)
dx
180. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______ ax3 + bx
2
​ 199. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________  ​dx.
x + 2ax x4 + c2

2
dx
181. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________
a + 2a x
​ (
cos x – sin x
200. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
​  )
   ​  ​ × (2 + 2 sin 2 x) dx
cos x + sin x
sin x + cos x
dx
182. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______2 ​ 201. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
   ​dx
  
2a x – x 5 + 3sin2x
sin x – cos x
dx
183. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______________
    ​ 202. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
   ​dx
  
3 + 5sin 2x
(x + 1) (x2 + 4)
2

x2 Type 12
184. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________
6
​
x + 1dx dx
203. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
   ​
_________
cos x dx
185. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______________
      ​
÷​ x + x + 1 ​
2

2
sin x + 3sin x + 2 dx
204. Evaluate: Ú ​ _________
________ ​
x
x (1 + log x) ÷​ x – 2ax ​
2

186. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________

  
   ​ dx dx
x2x + x x + 1 205. Evaluate: Ú ​ ________
_______ ​
dx ÷​ 4x – x2 ​
187. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________
4
 ​
x(x + 1) dx
206. Evaluate: Ú __________
 ​  _________
    ​
x dx
188. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
    ​ ​÷6 – x – x  ​
2

x + x2 + 1
4
dx
207. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
    ​
_________
ex dx
189. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
    ​ ÷​ 1 + x + x2 ​
e2x + 6ex + 5 dx
208. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
   ​
_________
x 5 ÷​ 1 + x – x2 ​
190. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______ ​dx
1 + x12 dx
209. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________
________ ​
dx ÷​ x + 2ax ​
2
191. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________
4
 ​
x(x + 1) dx
210. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________
________ ​
dx ÷​ 2ax – x2 ​
192. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________  ​
x(x3 + 1) Type 13
dx x dx
193. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________  ​ 211. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
    ​
__________
x(xn + 1) ÷​ x – x2   
4
+ 1 ​
________
Type 11 212. Evaluate: Ú  ​÷sec x – 1 ​ dx
2x + 3
194. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
2
    ​ dx dx
213. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________   ​
_______
x + 4x + 5
x ÷3/4   1/2
​ x – 1 ​
1.18 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster
_________
dx
233. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______________
÷
sin (x – a)    ​.
214. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________
​     ​ ​ dx
3 sin2x + 4 cos2x
sin (x + a)
dx
ex 234. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______________
    ​
215. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______
______  ​ dx (2sin x + 3 cos x)2
÷​ 4 – e2x ​
sin x cos x
sec2x     235. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
    ​  dx
216. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
   ​dx
_________ sin4x + cos4x
​÷16 + tan x ​
dx
________ 236. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​
217. Evaluate: Ú  ​÷sec x + 1 ​  dx (sin x + 2 cos x)2
_________ dx
218. Evaluate: Ú  ​÷cosec x – 1 ​  dx 237. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​
(sin x + 2sec x)2
dx
219. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________
______ ​
sin 2 x dx
÷​ 1 – e2x ​ 238. Evaluate: Ú​  ____________
    ​
_________ sin4x + cos4x

÷
sin (x – a)
220. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________
​    
   ​ ​  dx dx
sin(x + a) 239. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______________
    ​
(2 sin x + 3 cos x)2
dx
221. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
    ​
______ dx
x  ​÷x2/3 – 4 ​
2/3 240. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________ ​
2 + cos2 x
______
x
÷
222. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______
​ 
x 3 – x3
 ​ ​dx Type 16
sin x
241. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____​  dx
(
cosq + sinq
223. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
  
   ​  ​dq
​  _________
​÷5 + sin 2q ​ ) sin 3 x
cosec 3x
242. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______
cosec x ​  dx
sinq – cosq
224. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
  
   ​dq
_________ sec 3x
​÷2 – sin 2q ​ 243. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____
sec x ​  dx
Type 14 Type 17
dx
x–1
225. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
    ​ dx
__________ 244. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________ ​
1 + 2 sin x
÷​ x – 3x   
2
+ 2 ​
dx
3x + 4 245. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________  ​
226. Evaluate: Ú ​ ___________    ​ dx
__________ 3 cos x + 4
÷​ x + 5x   
2
+ 2 ​ dx
246. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______________
   ​
x+2 1 + sin x + cos x
227. Evaluate: Ú​ ___________
    ​ dx
__________
÷​ x + 5x   
2
+ 6 ​ 1 + sin x
247. Evaluate: Ú​ _____________
      ​ dx
6x – 5
228. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
___________    ​ dx sin x (1 + cos x)
÷​ 3x2 – 5x    + 1 ​ dx
_____ 248. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________ ​
a–x 1 + 2 sin x
÷
229. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____
​ 
a+x
​ ​dx
dx
_______ 249. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________________
       ​
3 sin x + 4 cos x + 5
÷
a2 – x2
230. Evaluate: Ú  x2 ​ _______
​  2  ​ ​dx dx
a + x2 250. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
   ​
______
cos x + cos a

÷
4 – x3 dx
231. Evaluate: Ú  x2 ​ ______
​   ​ ​ dx 251. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______________
    ​
4 + x3 tan x + 4 cot x + 4
Type 18
Type 15
dx
dx 252. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
   ​
232. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________ ​ sin x + cos x
3 + 4 sin2x
 Indefinite Integrals 1.19

÷
__
dx
253. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
  ​
​ 3 ​ sin x + cos x
( cos x – sin x
275. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
​  )
  ​  ​ dx
  
5 – 7sin 2x

276. Evaluate: Ú  ​( ____________

9 + 16 sin 2x )
dx__ 2 cos x – sin x
254. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
  ​ ​     ​  ​ dx
  
sin x + ​÷3 ​ cos x
dx Type 22
255. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
__   ​
÷
​ 3 ​ sin x + cos x
x2 + 1
277. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______ ​ dx
dx x4 + 1
256. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
__   ​.
÷
​ 3 ​ sin x – cos x
x2 – 1
Type 19 278. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______  ​ dx
x4 + 1
2 sin x + cos x
257. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
  ​  dx
   x4 + 1
3 sin x + 2 cos x 279. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______  ​  dx
sin x x6 + 1
258. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
  ​  dx
sin x + cos x x4 + 3x + 1
280. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
  
   ​dx
2 sin x + 3 cos x
259. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
   ​dx
   x4 + x2 + 1

( )
3 sin x + 4 cos x
1 – x2 ____________ dx
281. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______
​   ​  ​  ​  _________   ​
( sin x
260. Evaluate: Ú ​  ​ __________ )
  ​  ​dx
sin x + cos x
1+x ÷2
​ 1 + x2 +  
x4 ​

cos x
261. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
   ​dx (
x–1
282. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____
​ 
x+1 ) dx
 ​  ​ × ___________
​  __________
   ​
÷​ x + x2   
3
+ x​
sin x + cos x
2
x – 1 _______ dx
1
262. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______ ​  dx 283. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______ ​ × ​  _____  ​
1 + tan x x2 + 1 ​÷x4 + 1 ​
1 x2 – 1
263. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______ ​  dx 284. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______________
       ​  dx
___________
1 – tan x x3 ÷
​ x4 – 2x2   
+ 1 ​
1
264. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______ ​  dx
1 + tan x (
x2 ÷
x4 – 1
285. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ​ _____________
)
   ​  ​ dx
__________
​ x4 + x2   
+ 1 ​
Type 20 dx______
286. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​
3 sin x + 2 cos x + 4
265. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________________
  
   ​dx x (x + ÷
2
​ 1 + x2 ​)
3 cos x + 4 sin x + 5
x2 – 3x – 1
287. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
  
    ​dx
3 cos x + 2
266. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______________
       ​  dx x4 + x2 + 1
sin x + 2 cos x + 3
dx
288. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
  ​
2 cos x + 3 sin x
267. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________________ sin x + cos4x
4
      ​  dx
2sin x + 3 cos x + 5
dx
289. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____  ​
Type 21 x4 + 1

(
sin x + 2 cos x
268. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
​  )
   ​ ​ dx
  
9 + 16 sin 2x
x2dx
290. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____
x4 + 1
 ​
269. Evaluate: Ú  (cos x – sin x) (2 + 3 sin 2x) dx
2dx
291. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____
4
 ​.
sin x + cos x
270. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
   ​dx x +1

( )
9 + 16 sin 2x
x4 + 1
dx 292. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______
​  6  ​  ​  dx
271. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
   ​ x +1
cos x + cosec x
dx
272. Evaluate: Ú  (sin x + cos x) (2 + 3 sin 2x) dx 293. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
    ​
x2 (1 + x4)3/4
273. Evaluate: Ú  (sin x – cos x) (3 – 4 sin 2x) dx

(
cos x – sin x
274. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
​  )
   ​  ​ dx
  
3 + 2 sin 2x
( x4 – 1
294. Evaluate: Ú  ​​ ______________
      ​  ​ dx
__________
x2  ​÷x4 + x2   
+ 1 ​ )
1.20 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster
dx
295. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
    ​  dx 315. Evaluate: Ú  x2 sin x dx
x2(1 + x5)4/5
316. Evaluate: Ú  log x dx
(
x2_____
–1
296. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ​ ________
x÷
 ​  ​  dx
​ 1 + x4 ​ ) 317. Evaluate: Ú  (log x)2dx
dx
297. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​
___________
318. Evaluate: Ú  log(x2 + 1) dx
x÷ ​ x + 3x2   
4
+ 1 ​

(
x2 + 1
298. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______
​  ) dx
 ​  ​ × ___________
​  __________
    ​
319. Evaluate: Ú  tan– 1x dx
1 – x2 ÷​ x + x2   
( )
4
+ 1 ​ 1 – x2
320. Evaluate: Ú  cos– 1 ​ ______
​   ​  ​ dx
(
x2 + 1
299. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______ ) dx
​  x ​  ​ × ____________
​  ___________
    ​
÷​ x + 3x2   
4
+ 1 ​
1 + x2
__
321. Evaluate: Ú  ​e​÷​ x ​​  dx
xx(x2x + 1) (ln x + 1)
300. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________________
(x4x + 1)
  
 ​ dx
   (
x + sin x
322. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________
​ 
1 + cos x
​  ​ dx )
_____
x2 – 1
301. Evaluate: Ú​ _____________    ​ dx
___________
1–x
1+x (÷
323. Evaluate: Ú  tan– 1 ​ ​ ​ _____ ​ ​  ​ dx )
x3 ​÷x4 – 2x2   
+ 1 ​ – 1 __ __
sin  ​÷x ​  – cos– 1 ​÷x ​
324. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________________
   __ ​ dx

( )
__
x2009 sin– 1 ​÷x ​ + cos– 1 ​÷x ​
302. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
​     ​  ​ dx
(1 + x2)1006
x2
325. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​ dx
(2x + 1) dx (x sin x + cos x)2
303. Evaluate: Ú​  _____________
       ​
(x + 4x + 1)3/2
2
x tan– 1x   
326. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________  ​dx
Type 23 (1 + x2)3/2
____ ____

( )
_____
​÷cot x ​  – ​÷tan x ​
304. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
​ 
1 + 3 sin 2x
  
   ​  ​ dx ​ 
a+x
x
327. Evaluate: Ú  sin– 1 ​ ​ _____ (÷
​ ​  ​ dx )
____
305. Evaluate: Ú  ​÷tan x ​dx 328. Evaluate: Ú  log(1 + x) dx
____ ____
306. Evaluate: Ú   (÷
​ tan x ​ – ​÷cot x ​) dx x – sin x
329. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________ ​dx
1 – cos x
______
307. Evaluate: Ú  ​÷cot x dx ​ ____
330. Evaluate: Ú  sin ​÷x dx ​

( ____ 1
308. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ​÷cot x ​ – _____ )
​  ____ ​  ​ dx
​ cot x ​
÷ 331. Evaluate: Ú  x log (1 + x) dx

309. Evaluate: Ú  ​( ​ cot x ​ + _____

​ cot x ​)
____ 1
÷ ​   ​  ​ dx
____ 332. Evaluate: Ú  (sin– 1x)2 dx
÷

310. Evaluate: Ú  ​( ​ tan x ​ + _____

​ tan x ​)
____ 1 x – sin x
÷ ​   ​  ​ dx
____ 333. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________ ​dx
÷ 1 – cos x
4 ____ 4 ____ 2
311. Evaluate: Ú   ( ​÷tan x ​ + ÷
​ cot x ​) dx 334. Evaluate: Ú  x sin3x dx

____
dx
312. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______________
    ​dx
_____
​ cos x ​)4
(​÷sin x ​ + ÷
(
sec 2 x – 1
335. Evaluate: Ú  x ​ _________
​     ​  ​ dx
sec 2 x + 1 )
Integration by Parts
​ 
2x
336. Evaluate: Ú  sin–1 ​ _____
1 + x2 (
 ​  ​ dx
)
( )
ABC of integration by parts 2x
337. Evaluate: Ú  tan–1 ​ _____
​   ​  ​ dx
313. Evaluate: Ú  x ex dx 1 – x2
x3sin– 1(x2)
314. Evaluate: Ú  x sin x dx 338. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________
_____  ​ dx
÷​ 1 – x4 ​
 Indefinite Integrals 1.21
sec x (2 + sec x)
339. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______________
  
    ​dx 359. Evaluate: Ú  ex(2sec2x – 1) tan x dx
(1 + 2sec x)2
360. Evaluate: Ú  ex (log (sec x + tan x) + sec x) dx
1–x
340. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______ ​ dx.

Type 24
ex + x
(
x cos3x – sin x
361. Evaluate: Ú  esin x  ​ ____________
​ 
cos2x
   ​  ​ dx )
Type 25
341. Evaluate: Ú  ex(sin x + cos x) dx

x ex
342. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______2 ​  dx
( 1
)
362. Evaluate: Ú  ex ​ log x + ​ __2 ​  ​ dx
x

{ }
(x + 1) 1
363. Evaluate: Ú ​ log (log x) + ______
​   ​  ​ dx
(log x)2
(
2 + sin 2x
343. Evaluate: Ú  ex ​ _________
​  ​  ​ dx )
( )
1 + cos 2x
x4 + 2
364. Evaluate: Ú  ex ​​ _________  ​  ​ dx
( )
3
1+x+x
344. Evaluate: Ú  ex ​ ​ _________  ​  ​ dx (1 + x2)5/2
(1 + x2)3/2
esin x(x cos3x – sin x)
x2 + 1
(
345. Evaluate: Ú  e ​ ​ _______2 ​  ​ dx
x
(x + 1) ) 365. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________________
cos2x
     ​ dx

346. Evaluate: Ú  ex ​ __

1 1
{
​ x ​ – __
}
​  2 ​  ​ dx
x
(
x3 – x + 2
366. Evaluate: Ú  ex ​ _________
​  2
(x – 1)2
 ​  ​ dx
)
347. Evaluate: Ú  ex ​ _______
​ 
x
(x + 1)2( )
 ​  ​ dx Type 26

367. Evaluate: Ú  e3x(3sin x + cos x) dx

{ 1 – sin x
348. Evaluate: Ú  ex ​ ________
​ 
1 – cos x }
​  ​ dx
368. Evaluate: Ú  e2x(sec2x + 2 tan x) dx
349. Evaluate: Ú  e  ​{ _________
1 + cos 2x }
2 + sin 2x
x
​  ​  ​ dx
(
2 sin 4x – 4
369. Evaluate: Ú  e2x ​ __________
​     ​  ​ dx )
( )
1 – cos 4x
x2 + 1
350. Evaluate: Ú  e  ​ ​ _______2 ​  ​ dx
x
(x + 1) 370. Evaluate: Ú  e2x (– sin x + 2 cos x) dx
log x
351. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
  2 ​  dx
(1 + log x)
​  (
1 + sin 2x
371. Evaluate: Ú  e2x ​ _________
1 + cos 2x
​  ​ dx )
________

(
1
352. Evaluate: Ú  ex ​ log x + __
​ x ​  ​  dx ) (÷
1 – sin x
372. Evaluate: Ú  e– x/2 ​ ​ ________
​ 
1 + cosx
​ ​  ​ dx )
x–1
(
353. Evaluate: Ú  ex ​ ​ _______3 ​  ​ dx
(x + 1) ) 373. Evaluate: Ú  e2x(2 × log (sec x + tan x) + sec x) dx

Type 27
1
354. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____
​ 
{ 1
​ – ​ ______ ​  ​ dx
log x (log x)2 } 374. Evaluate: Ú  ex sin 3x dx

375. Evaluate: Ú  e4x cos 3x dx

1–x 2
355. Evaluate: Ú  e  ​​ _____
​  x
1 + x2 ( )
 ​  ​​ ​ dx
376. Evaluate: Ú  e2x sin 3x dx
1–x 2
( )
356. Evaluate: Ú  ex ​​ ​ _____ ​  ​​ ​ dx
1+x
377. Evaluate: Ú  e–x cos x dx

378. Evaluate: Ú  e2xcos (3x + 4) dx

​  x
(x + 1)2(
x2 + 1
357. Evaluate: Ú  e  ​ _______  ​  ​ dx
) 379. Evaluate: Ú  excos2x dx

( )
_____
(x + 1) + ​÷1 – x2 ​ 1
358. Evaluate: Ú  ex ​ _______________
​    
   ​  ​ dx
_____ 380. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __3 ​ sin(log x) dx.
(x + 1)2 ​÷1 – x2 ​ x
1.22 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

Type 28 2x
______
404. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​ dx
(x2 + 1)(x2 + 2)
381. Evaluate: Ú  ​÷4 – x2 ​  dx
cosq
_______ 405. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________________
  
     ​ dq
382. Evaluate: Ú  ​÷1 – 9x2 ​  dx (2 + cosq )(3 + cosq )
_____
(1 – cos x)
383. Evaluate: Ú  ​÷x2 + 1 ​  dx 406. Evaluate: Ú​ _____________
  
    ​dx
______ cos x (1 + cos x)
384. Evaluate: Ú  ​÷3x2 + 1 ​  dx dx
______ 407. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
   ​
sin x – sin 2 x
385. Evaluate: Ú  ​÷x2 – 9 ​  dx
_______ Type 2
386. Evaluate: Ú  ​÷4x2 – 1 ​  dx
dx
__________ 408. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​
387. Evaluate: Ú   ​÷x2 + 2x   
+ 3 ​  dx (x + 1)(x + 1)2
__________
2x + 1
388. Evaluate: Ú   ​÷3 – 4x –  
x2 ​  dx 409. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
    ​  dx
________ (x + 2)(x – 3)2
389. Evaluate: Ú  ​÷2ax – x2 ​  dx
3x + 1
________ 410. Evaluate: Ú​ ____________
    ​  dx
390. Evaluate: Ú  ​÷2ax + x2 ​  dx (x – 2)2(x + 2)
_______
391. Evaluate: Ú  ​÷x – 4x2 ​  dx x2 + 1
411. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​ dx
(x – 1)2 (x + 3)
Type 29
x2
__________ 412. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
    ​  dx
(x – 1)3 (x + 1)
392. Evaluate: Ú  (2x + 1) ​÷x2 + 3x   
+ 4 ​ dx
______ (x – 1)
413. Evaluate: Ú ​ ________  ​ dx
393. Evaluate: Ú  (x – 5) ​÷x2 + x ​  dx x2(x + 4)
_________
394. Evaluate: Ú  (3x – 2) ​÷x2 + x + 1 ​ dx (2x – 1)
414. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______  ​ dx
_________ x3(x – 2)
395. Evaluate: Ú  (4x + 1) ​÷x2 – x – 2 ​  dx
_________ Type 3
396. Evaluate: Ú  x ​÷1 + x  – x  ​  dx.
2
(2x + 3) dx
415. Evaluate: Ú ​ _____________
      ​
(x + 1)(x2 + 4)
Partial Fractions
(3x – 2) dx
Type 1 416. Evaluate: Ú​  ____________
      ​
(x – 1)(x2 + 9)
(2x + 1) dx
397. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
      ​ 2x – 1
417. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​ dx
(x + 2)(x + 3)
(x + 1)(x2 + 2)
dx
398. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
    ​ x
418. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​ dx
(x – 1)(x – 2)
(x + 1) (x2 + 4)
dx
399. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________________
       ​ 8
(x + 1)(x +  2)(x + 3) 419. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​ dx
(x + 2) (x2 + 9)
dx
400. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________________________
       ​ x
(x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 3) (x + 4) 420. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
    ​ dx
x–1 (x + 1)(x2 + 1)
401. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
    ​ dx
(x + 1)(x – 2) Type 4
2x – 1 x2
402. Evaluate: Ú​ ___________________
  
     ​  dx 421. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​ dx
(x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 3) (x2 – 1) (x2 + 1)
x3 x2
403. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
    ​  dx 422. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​ dx
(x – 1)(x – 2) (x2 – 3) (x2 + 4)
 Indefinite Integrals 1.23

(x2 + 4) Type 3
423. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
      ​ dx
(x2 + 5)(x2 + 7) dx
17. Evaluate: Ú  ________
​  7  ​
x(x + 1)
x2
424. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​ dx dx
(x2 – 1)(x2 – 2) 18. Evaluate: Ú  __________
​  2 4     ​
x (x + 1)3/4
x2
425. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________________
       ​ dx dx
(x2 – 1)(x2 – 2)(x2 – 3) 19. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________  ​
x (x5 + 1)
Type 5
dx
20. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________
((x2 + 3)(x2 + 1)
426. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ​ _____________
)
    ​  ​ dx
(x2 – 1)(x2 + 2)
x (x4 + 1)
dx
21. Evaluate: Ú  __________
​  2 7   
 ​

 ​
2
(x + 1)(x + 2) 2 x (x + 1)6/7
427. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​ dx
(x2 + 3)(x2 + 4) dx
22. Evaluate: Ú  __________
​  3     ​
x (1 + x3)1/3
(x2 – 1)(x2 + 3)
428. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​  dx. Type 4
(x2 + 2)(x2 + 1)
x2
23. Evaluate: Ú  _______
​   ​dx
(x + 3)2

x3 dx
24. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________2 ​
(2x + 3)
Type 1
x2
1. Evaluate: Ú  tan x ◊ sec x dx
4 2 25. Evaluate: Ú  _______
​   ​dx
(x + 2)3
2. Evaluate: Ú  sec3x dx x2
26. Evaluate: Ú  ________
​   ​ dx
(ax + b)2
3. Evaluate: Ú  sec5x dx
dx
27. Evaluate: Ú  _________
​   ​
4. Evaluate: Ú  tan2x ◊ sec4x dx x (1 + x3)2
5. Evaluate: Ú  tan3x ◊ sec6x dx x4
28. Evaluate: Ú  ________
​   ​dx
(3x – 2)3
6. Evaluate: Ú  tan3x ◊ sec5x dx
Type 5
7. Evaluate: Ú  sec7x dx
dx
29. Evaluate: Ú  _________
​  2  ​
8. Evaluate: Ú  sec9 x dx x (3x + 2)3
dx
Type 2 30. Evaluate: Ú  _________
​  3     ​
x (b + ax)2
9. Evaluate: Ú  cosec2 x ◊ cot2 x dx
dx
31. Evaluate: Ú  ________
​  2  ​
10. Evaluate: Ú  cot3 x ◊ cosec3  x dx x (x + 2)3
11. Evaluate: Ú  cosec3 x dx dx
32. Evaluate: Ú  _________
​  3     ​
x (a + bx)2
12. Evaluate: Ú  cot2 x ◊ cosec4 x dx
dx
13. Evaluate: Ú  tan–5x ◊ sec6 x dx 33. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________  ​
x (1 + x2)3
2

14. Evaluate: Ú  cot3 x ◊ cosec–8 x dx

dx
34. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________
    ​
15. Evaluate: Ú  cosec x dx 5
x (a – bx)2
2

dx
16. Evaluate: Ú  cosec7 x dx 35. Evaluate: Ú  _________
​  4     ​
x (2x + 1)3
1.24 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

Type 6 8x9   
55. Evaluate: Ú  ________
​  2  ​dx
dx (3x – 2)5
36. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​
(x – 1)3 (x – 2)4
10x11   
56. Evaluate: Ú  ________
​  2  ​dx
dx
37. Evaluate: Ú  _______________
​ 4 _____________
    ​ (3x + 5)4
÷​ (x – 1)3 (x   
+ 2)5 ​
Type 9
dx
38. Evaluate: Ú  _____________
​      ​ 2 sin x + 3
(x – 1)3 (x – 2)2 57. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
  
   ​dx
(3sin x + 2)2
dx
39. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______________
    ​ (2 sin x + 5)
(x – 3)4 (x – 2)5 58. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
  
   ​dx
(2 + 5 sin x)2
dx
40. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________________
    ​
(x – 3) (x – 2)7/2
3/2
(3 sin x – 2)
59. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
  
   ​dx
dx
41. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______________
5
    ​
______________ (2 – 3 sin x)2
÷​ (x + 1)4 (x +  
3)6 ​ Type 10
dx
42. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______________
    ​
( )
______________ 4 cos x + 3
5
​÷(x + 1)4 (x +  
3)7 ​ 60. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ​ ___________
   ​ ​dx
(3 cos x + 4)2
Type 7
(cos x + 2)
dx 61. Evaluate: Ú​___________
  
   ​dx
43. Evaluate: Ú  _________
​   ​ (1 + 2 cos x)2
x (2 + 3x3)
dx 3 cos x + 4
44. Evaluate: Ú  _________
​   ​ 62. Evaluate: Ú​ ___________
  
   ​dx
x (3 + 5x5) (3 + 4 cos x)2
dx
45. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________2  ​ Type 11
x (2 + 3x ) dx
63. Evaluate: Ú  ___________
​     ​
dx (3 + 4 sin x)2
46. Evaluate: Ú  _________
​   ​
x (3 + 4x3)
dx
dx 64. Evaluate: Ú  ___________
​  ​
47. Evaluate: Ú  _________
​   ​ (5 + 4 sin x)2
x (2 – 5x3)
dx
dx 65. Evaluate: Ú  __________
​  ​
48. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________  ​ (1 – 2 sin x)2
x (1 – 4x4)
Type 12
dx
49. Evaluate: Ú  _________
​   ​ dx
x (3x4 + 1) 66. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ___________
   ​
(2 + 3 cos x)2
Type 8
dx
x5   
50. Evaluate: Ú  _______
​  2  ​dx 67. Evaluate: Ú  _____________
​  ​
(x – 1)4 (12 + 13 cos x)2
dx
x9 68. Evaluate: Ú  ___________
​  ​
51. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________
2 5
 ​  dx (3 – 4 cos x)2
(2x + 3)
Type 13
x3
52. Evaluate: Ú  _______
​  2
(x + 1)4
 ​dx
(4ex + 6e–x
69. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________
​  x
9e – 4e–x )
​ ​dx.
5
x
53. Evaluate: Ú  _______
​  2  ​ dx 3ex – 2e–x
(x – 3)4 70. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________ ​dx
2ex + 5e–x
x7
54. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________  ​dx 4ex + 3e–x
71. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________ ​dx
(3x2 – 2)4 3ex + 7e–x
 Indefinite Integrals 1.25

dx
Integration of Irrational Functions 90. Evaluate: Ú  _________
​  2 __ ​
(x + 1) ​÷x ​
Type 1
x dx
dx 91. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________________
      _____  ​
72. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______________
    ​
______________ 2
(x + 2x + 2)  ​÷x + 1 ​
÷​ (x + 2)5 (x +  
1)3 ​
dx
92. Evaluate: Ú  _________
​  2 __ ​
(
x + 2 1/2 dx
)
73. Evaluate: Ú  ​​​ ______  ​  ​​ ​ ◊ ___
2x + 3
​  x ​ (x – 1) ​÷x ​
x dx
(x + 1) 93. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________________
      _____  ​
74. Evaluate: Ú​ ______________
       ​ dx (x2 – 2x + 2) ​÷x – 1 ​
(x + 2) (x + 3)3/2
_____ Type 5

÷
2 32 – x
75. Evaluate: Ú  _______
​   ​ ​ ​ _____ ​ ​dx dx _____
(2 – x)2 2 + x 94. Evaluate: Ú  ____________
​      ​
(x + 1) ​÷x2 + 1 ​
Type 2
dx
95. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________________
       ​
__________
dx
76. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______________
_____     ​
_____ (x + 1) ​÷x2 + 2x   
+ 2 ​
​3 x + 1 ​
​ x + 1 ​ + ÷
÷
dx
dx 96. Evaluate: Ú  ________
​  _____  ​
77. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________________
_____       ​ x÷ ​ x2 + 4 ​
​ x + 1 ​ – (x + 1)1/4
÷
dx _____
1 + x1/2 – x1/3 97. Evaluate: Ú  ____________
​      ​
78. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
   ​dx (x – 1) ​÷x2 + 4 ​
1 + x1/3
dx _____
dx 98. Evaluate: Ú  _____________
​      ​
79. Evaluate: Ú  ________
​  1/2  ​
x + x1/3 (2x – 1)​÷x2 + 1 ​
__
​ x​ dx _____
99. Evaluate: Ú  _____________
80. Evaluate: Ú  4_______
÷
​  _____  ​ dx ​      ​
 ​÷x + 1 ​
3 (3x + 2) ​÷x2 – 4 ​
__
​ x​ Type 6
81. Evaluate: Ú  _______
÷
​  __ 3 __ ​dx
​ x​ + ÷
÷ ​ x​ dx
100. Evaluate: Ú  ________
​  _____  ​
Type 3 x ÷
2
​ x2 – 1 ​
dx _____ dx _____
82. Evaluate: Ú  ___________
​      ​ 101. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______________
    ​
(x – 1) ​÷x + 3 ​ (x + 1)  ​÷x2 + 2 ​
2

dx _____
83. Evaluate: Ú  ___________
​      ​ ​ 
dx _____
102. Evaluate: Ú  _____________
    ​
(x + 3) ​÷x + 2 ​ (x – 1) ​÷x2 + 2 ​
2
__
​ x​
84. Evaluate: Ú  _____
÷ dx _____
​ 
x+1
 ​ dx 103. Evaluate: Ú  _____________
​      ​
(1 + x ) ​÷1 – x2 ​
2

dx
85 .Evaluate: Ú  _______
​  _____  ​ x dx_____
x​÷x – 2 ​ 104. Evaluate: Ú  _____________
​      ​
dx (x – 1) ​÷x4 + 3 ​
4
86. Evaluate: Ú  ________
​  __ ​
(x + 3) ​÷x ​ dx
105. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________________
       ​
__________
dx ______ (x – 1) ​÷x2 + 4x   
87. Evaluate: Ú  ____________
2
​      ​ + 5 ​
(x + 3) ​÷2x + 1 ​
Type 7
Type 4 _____
dx 106. Evaluate: Ú  (x + ÷
​ x2 + 1 ​)10 dx
88. Evaluate: Ú  ________
​  2   _____  ​
_____
x ÷ ​ x – 1 ​
107. Evaluate: Ú  (x – ​÷x2 + 4 ​)5 dx
dx
89. Evaluate: Ú  ____________
​  2     ​
_____ _____
(x – 4) ​÷x + 1 ​ 108. Evaluate: Ú  (x + ÷
​ 1 + x2 ​)n dx
1.26 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

dx
dx
109. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​
_____ 127. Evaluate: Ú  ________
​  ______  ​
(x + ​÷x2 – 4 ​)5/3 x÷​ 3x – 2 ​
dx
dx
110. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​
_____ 128. Evaluate: Ú  _________
​  ______  ​
(x – ​÷x2 + 9 ​)10 x÷​ 3x9 – 2 ​
dx_____ dx
111. Evaluate: Ú  ____________
​      ​ 129. Evaluate: Ú  __________
​  _______    ​
x (x – ÷
2
​ x2 + 9 ​) x÷​ 2 x10 – 3 ​
Type 8 Type 11
dx dx
112. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
   ​ 130. Evaluate: Ú  __________
​      ​
x1/2 (2 + 3x)3/2 (2 + 3x2)3/2
dx dx
113. Evaluate: Ú  ____________
​      ​ 131. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________
    ​
x2/3 (2 + 3x)4/3 (c + dx2)3/2
dx
114. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
    ​ ​ 
dx
132. Evaluate: Ú  __________
    ​
x (3x – 1)5/4
3/4
(3 + 5x2)3/2
dx dx
115. Evaluate: Ú  ____________
​  1/3     ​ 133. Evaluate: Ú  _________
​      ​
x (2x + 1)5/3 (3 – 4x2)3/2
dx x dx
116. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
   ​ 134. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________
    ​
x (2 + 3x)5/2
1/2 (2 – 5x4)3/2
x2 dx
​ 
dx
117. Evaluate: Ú  ___________
    ​ 135. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________
    ​
x2(2 + 3x2)5/2 (1 – 4x6)3/2

Type 9 Type 12
dx
dx 136. Evaluate: Ú  _________________
​         ​
_________
118. Evaluate: Ú ​ _____________
    ​ (x – 2) ÷
2
​ x2 – 4x + 7 ​
(x – 1)3 (x + 2)4
dx
dx 137. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________________
       ​
_________
119. Evaluate: Ú _____________
​      ​
(x – 1)3 (x – 2)2
(x + 1) ÷3
​ x2 + 2x   
+ 4 ​

dx
dx
120. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​ 138. Evaluate: Ú  ____________________
​       ​
  
____________
(x – 1)2 (x – 2)3 (x – 2)  ​÷4x2 – 16x   
3
+ 20 ​
dx dx
121. Evaluate: Ú  ​ 4_______________
    ​
______________ 139. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________________________
      
_____________  ​
​÷ (x – 1)3 (x +
  2)5 ​ (x – 6x + 9) ​÷4x2 – 24 x   
2
+ 20 ​
dx dx ___________
122. Evaluate: Ú  ________
​  2  ​ 140. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________________________
       ​
x (x + 5)4 (4x + 4x + 1) ​÷4x2 + 4x   
2
+ 7 ​
dx
123. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ________________
    ​   
dx
141. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________________
    ​
__________
(x – 1) (x + 1)5/2
3/2
(x + 1)  ​÷x2 + 2x   
3
– 4 ​
Type 10 Type 13
dx
124. Evaluate: Ú  _________
​  ______  ​ (2x + 3)
142. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________________
   
  
__________  ​ dx
x÷​ 3x3 + 4 ​ (3x + 4)​÷x2 + 2x   
+ 4 ​
dx
125. Evaluate: Ú  _________
​  ______  ​ (2x + 3)
143. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________________
       ​ dx
__________
x÷​ 5x4 + 3 ​ (x + 1) ​÷x2 + 2x   
+ 9 ​
dx
126. Evaluate: Ú  _________
​  ______  ​ (4x + 7)
x÷​ 2 – 5x6 ​ 144. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _________________
       ​ dx
__________
(x + 2) ​÷x2 + 4x   
+ 7 ​
 Indefinite Integrals 1.27

Type 14 dx
164. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
    ​
__________
4x  
+   
2 2
x + __________ x÷ 2
​ x – 3x   
+ 2 ​
145. Evaluate: Ú​  _________________  ​ dx
(x + 1) ​÷x + 2x   
2
+ 3 ​ dx
165. Evaluate: Ú  ​ __________
    ​
______
x+÷ ​ x2 – 1 ​
x2 + __________
5x  
+   
6
146. Evaluate: Ú​  _________________  ​ dx
(x + 2) ​÷x + 5x    x dx
166. Evaluate: Ú  _________
2
+ 4 ​ ​      ​
_____
x+÷ ​ x2 – 1 ​
x2 + 10x +6
147. Evaluate: Ú​  _________________
      ​  dx
__________
(x + 2) ​÷x + 4x   
2
+ 9 ​ Reduction Formulae
Type 15 Type 1

148. Evaluate: Ú  ​÷

3 __
​ x ​)3  dx
x ​(1 + ÷
__ 167. Evaluate: Ú  sin5 x dx
__ 168. Evaluate: Ú  sin6 x dx
149. Evaluate: Ú  ​÷x2 ​(3 + x–2/3)–2 dx
3

( )
______ Type 2
__
÷​ 1 +__​÷4 ​ 
150. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ​ _______
x ​ ​
​ dx
3 4
÷​ x  ​ 169. Evaluate: Ú  cos7 x dx
dx
151. Evaluate: Ú  ________
​  2 _____  ​ 170. Evaluate: Ú  cos8 x dx
x ÷7
​ 1 + x4 ​ Type 3
dx
152. Evaluate: Ú  ___________
​  __ __     ​ 171. Evaluate: Ú  tan5 x dx
​ x ​(​ 4÷
÷ ​ x ​ + 1 )10
​
172. Evaluate: Ú  tan6 x dx
153. Evaluate: Ú  x–1/2 (2 + 3x1/3)–2  dx
________
__ Type 4
​÷​( 1 + ​÷x4 ​ )​ ​  
__ 7
Ú
3
154. Evaluate:   3​÷x ​ ×
173. Evaluate: Ú  cot7 x dx
155. Evaluate: Ú  x–6 (1 + 2x3)2/3 dx
174. Evaluate: Ú  cot6 x dx
dx
156. Evaluate: Ú  ________
​  3 _____  ​ Type 5
x÷ ​ 1 + x5 ​
dx 175. Evaluate: Ú  sec3 x dx
157. Evaluate: Ú  _________
​  2 _____  ​
x ÷
11
​ 1 + x4 ​
176. Evaluate: Ú  sec4 x dx

( )
________
3 4 __
​÷(1 + ÷ ​ x ​) ​
158. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ​ _________
__ ​  ​ dx 177. Evaluate: Ú  sec5 x dx
4 3
÷​ x  ​
178. Evaluate: Ú  sec7 x dx
Type 16
dx Type 6
159. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _______________
    ​
_________
(1 + ÷ 2
​ x + x + 1 ​) sin 3 x
179. Evaluate: Ú  _____
​  ​dx
dx sin x
160. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​
_________
x+÷ sin 5 x
​ x2 – x + 1 ​ 180. Evaluate: Ú  _____
​  ​dx
sin x
x dx
161. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ____________
    ​
___________ sin 6 x
÷​ 7x – 10   
– x2 ​ 181. Evaluate: Ú  _____
​  ​dx
sin x
dx
162. Evaluate: Ú  ​ _____________
    ​
_________ sin 8 x
182. Evaluate: Ú  _____
​  ​dx
x – ​÷x – x + 2 ​
2 sin x
dx Type 7
163. Evaluate: Ú  ​ ______________
    ​
__________ dx
x–÷ 2
​ x – 2x   
+ 4 ​ 183. Evaluate: Ú  _______
​ 2 ​
(x + 2)2
1.28 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster
dx sin x
184. Evaluate: Ú  _______
​ ​ 3. Ú _____
​  ​dx =
(x2 + 3)3 sin 3 x

| |
__
x+1 1__ ÷
​ 3 ​ + tan x
185. Evaluate: Ú​ ____________   
​dx (a) ​ ___  ​  log ​ ​ _________
__ ​  ​ + c
2 2 ÷
​ 3 ​ ​÷3 ​ – tan x
(x + 3x + 2)

| |
__
Type 8 1__ ÷
​ 3 ​ + tan x
(b) ​ ____  ​ log ​ ​ _________
__ ​  ​ + c
186. Evaluate: Ú  x2 log x dx 2​÷3 ​ ​÷3 ​ – tan x

| |
__
187. Evaluate: Ú  x2 (log x)2 dx ÷
​ 3 ​ + tan x
(c) log ​ ​ _________
__ ​  ​ + c
÷
​ 3 ​ – tan x
188. Evaluate: Ú  x3 (log x)2 dx

| |
__
1__ ÷
​ 3 ​ + tan x
189. Evaluate: Ú  x2 (1– x)3 dx (d) ​ ___  ​ log ​ ​ _________
__ ​  ​ + c
÷
​ 3 ​ ​÷3 ​ – tan x

Mixed Problems 4.
dx
Ú ​ __________________
       ​ =
sin (x – a) cos (x – b)
190. Evaluate: Ú  sin8 x dx
1
(a) ​ _________  ​ (log |sin (x – a)| + log |sec (x – b)|) + c
191. Evaluate: Ú  cos10 x dx cos (a – b)
(b) ​( log ​| sin (x – a) |​ + log ​| sec (x – b) |​ )​ + c
192. Evaluate: Ú  tan8 x dx
(c) (log |sin (x – a)| + c)
193. Evaluate: Ú  cot8 x dx
(d) (log |sec (x – b )| + c)
194. Evaluate: Ú  cot x dx 9
5. Ú tan3 2 x ◊ sec 2x dx =
195. Evaluate: Ú  sec9 x dx 1 1
(a) ​ __ ​  sec3 2 x – __
​   ​ sec 2 x + c
3 2
196. Evaluate: Ú  xn ex dx 1 1
(b) – ​ __ ​ sec 2 x – __
3
​   ​ sec 2 x + c
6 2
dx
197. Evaluate: Ú  _______
​ ​ 1 1
(c) ​ __ ​ sec3 2 x – __
​   ​ sec 2 x + c
(x2 + 2)2 6 2
1 1
(d) ​ __ ​ sec 2 x + ​ __ ​ sec 2 x + c
3
3 2
1
6. If Ú f (x) sin x ◊ cos x dx = (b
_______
​  2
– a2)
 ​ log ( f (x)) + k, then
1. Ú x2 cos x dx = f (x) is
x2 sin x 1
(a) + 2 x cos x – 2 sin x + c (a) ​ ________________
  ​ + c
(b) x2 sin x + 2 x cos x + 2 sin x + c a sin x + b2 cos2 x
2 2

(c) x2 sin x + 2 x cos x + sin x + c 1

(b) ​ _______________
   ​ + c
(d) x2 sin x + 2 cos x + sin x + c. a2 sin2 x – b2 cos2 x
1
2. Ú ex cos2 x dx = (c) ​ _______________
   ​ + c
a2 cos2 x + b2 sin2 x
1
(a) ex + ___
​   ​ ex (cos 2 x + 2 sin 2 x) + c 1
10 (d) ​ _______________
   ​ + c
a2 cos2 x – b2 sin2 x
1
(b) ​ __ ​  ex + ex (cos 2 x + 2 sin 2 x) + c
Ú ​( ​ cot x – tan x )
2 cos 4 x + 1
__________
7. If   
   ​  ​ dx = k cos 4 x + c, then
1
(c) ​ __ ​  ex + (cos 2 x + 2 sin 2 x) + c 1 1
2 (a) k = – ​ __ ​ (b) k = – ​ __ ​
2 8
1 1
(d) ​ __ ​ ex + ___
​   ​ ex (cos 2 x + 2 sin 2 x) + c 1
(c) k = – ​ __ ​
1
(d) k = ​ __ ​
2 10 4 6
 Indefinite Integrals 1.29

8.
dx
Ú ______
​  6
x + x4
 ​ =

1 1
1
2
1
|sin x – (x + 1) cos x – 1
(a) ​ __ ​ log ​ _____________________
​     
    ​  ​ + c
sin x – (x + 1)cos x + 1 |
(a) – ​ ___2 ​ + __ ​ x ​ + cosec–1x + c (b) ​ __ ​ tan–1 {sin x – (x + 1) cos x} + c
3x 2
1
1
(b) – ​ ____2 ​ + __
1
​ x ​ + cot–1 x + c (c) ​ __ ​ sin–1 {sin x – (x + 1) cos x} + c
2
3x
1
1
(c) – ​ ___3 ​ + ​ __
1
​ + tan–1 x + c (d) ​ __ ​ sin–1 (sin x + cos x) + c
x 2
3x

{ }
2
1 1 1 2x
(d) ​ ____2 ​ – __
​ x ​ + sin–1 x + c 14. Ú ex ​ _______
​  _____  ​ + 1 – _________
​  ________  ​  ​ dx =
3x ​÷1 + x  ​
2
​÷ (1 + x )  ​
2 5

2 sin x + 5
Ú​ (2
___________
9.   
    ​ dx =
+ 5 sin x)2
cos x – cos x
( 1
(a) ex ​ _______
x
​  _____  ​ + _________
​  _______  ​  ​ + c
÷​ 1 + x  ​ ​÷(1 + x2)3 ​
2 )
(a) ​ _________ ​  +  c (b) ​ _________ ​ + c
2 + 5 sin x
1
(c) ​ _________ ​ + c
2 + 5 sin x
sin x
(d) ​ _________ ​ + c
( 1
(b) ex ​ _______
x
​  _____  ​ – _________
​  _______  ​  ​ + c
÷​ 1 + x  ​ ​÷(1 + x2)3 ​
2 )
( )
2 + 5 sin x 2 + 5 sin x 1 x
(c) ex ​ _______
​  _____  ​ + _________
​  _______  ​  ​ + c

{
÷​ 1 + x  ​ ÷​ (1 + x2)5 ​
2

10.
(log x – 1)
Ú ​ ​ 1__________
+ (log x)2 }
    ​  ​ dx =
( 1
(d) ex ​ ______
x
​  _____  ​ – ________
)
​  _______  ​  ​ + c
÷​ 1 – x  ​ ​÷(1 + x2) ​
2
x ex x ex
(a) ​ _____2 ​ + c (b) ​ __________
    ​ + c
1 + (log x)2 x cos x + 1
1+x 15. Ú ​ ____________
      ​dx =
___________
log x ​÷2x e
3 sin x 2
+
  x  ​
x
(c) ​ __________ (d) ​ _____2 ​ + c

( )
    ​ + c _________
1 + (log x)2 1+x ÷​ __________
2x esin x + 1 ​ – 1
(a) log ​ ​ ______________    ​  ​ + c
cosec2 x – 2005 ÷​ 2 xe sin x   
+ 1 ​ + 1
11. Ú ​ _____________
    ​  dx =

( )
_________
cos2005 x
÷​ 2x esin x – 1 ​  + 1
(b) log ​ ______________
​  __________    ​  ​ + c
cot x tan x
(a) ​ _______ ​+ c (b) ​ _______ ​+ c ÷​ 2 xe sin x   
+ 1 ​ + 1
cos2005 x cos2005 x

( )
_________
– tan x – cot x ÷​ _________
2x esin x + 1 ​  + 1
(c) log ​ ​ ______________
(c) ​ _______ ​+ c (d) ​ _______ ​+ c     ​  ​ + c
cos2005 x cos2005 x ÷​ 2 xe sin x   
– 1 ​ + 1

( )
_________
sin 2 x + 2 tan x ÷​ 2x esin x + 1 ​ + 1
(d) log ​ ​ ______________
12. Ú​ __________________
       ​ dx = _________       ​  ​ + c
(​ cos6x + 6 cos2 x + 4 )​ ÷​ 2 xe sin x   
– 1 ​ – 1
________
16. Let f (x) be a function such that f (0) = f ¢(0) = 0, f ¢¢(x)
÷
1 + cos2 x
(a) 2 ​ ​ ________ ​ ​ + c
cos7x = sec4 x + 4, the function is
________
1
÷
1
(b) tan  ​ ___
–1
​ 2 ​ ( ) ÷ 1 + cos2 x
​  __ ​  ​ × ​ ​ ________
cos7x
​ ​ + c
(a) log (sin x) + __

2
​   ​ tan3 x + cx
3
1
(b) ​ __ ​ log (sec) + __
​   ​ tan2 x + 2x2
1
12 (1 + cos2 x
(c) ​ ___ ​ log ​ ​ ________
cos7x )
​  ​ + c
3

(c) log (cos x) + __

6
1 x2
​   ​ cos2 x + __
​   ​
6 5
12
1
( 6
(d) ​ ___ ​ log ​ 1 + _____
4
​  4 ​ + _____
​  6 ​  ​ + c
cos x cos x ) (d) none.
____ ____
17. The value of the integral I = Ú (​÷tan x ​ + ​÷cot x ​) dx,
(1 + x) sin x
13. Ú​ __________________________
   
   ​  dx = where
p
( )
2 2
(x + 2x) cos x – (1 + x) sin 2 x x Œ​ 0, __
​   ​  ​
2
1.30 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster
__
(a) ​÷2 ​ sin–1 (cos x – sin x) + c ln |x|
__
–1
(b) ​÷2 ​ sin (sin x – cos x) + c
23. Ú ____________
​      ​ dx =
_______
x × ​÷1 + ln |x| ​
__
(c) ​÷2 ​ sin–1 (sin x + cos x) + c 2 _______
(a) ​ __ ​ ​÷1 + ln |x| ​ × (ln |x| – 2) + c
__ 3
(d) – ​÷2 ​ sin–1 (sin x + cos x) + c
2 _______
____ ____ (b) ​ __ ​ ÷​ 1 + ln |x| ​ × (ln |x| + 2) + c
18. The value of the integral I = Ú ​( ​÷tan x ​ + ​÷cot x ​ )​ dx, 3
1 _______
3p
(
where x  Œ ​ p, ___
​   ​  ​
2 ) (c) ​ __ ​ ÷
3
​ 1 + ln |x| ​ × (ln |x| – 2) + c
1 _______
__
(a) ​÷2 ​ sin–1 (cos x – sin x) + c (d) ​ __ ​ ÷​ 1 + ln |x| ​ × (ln |x| + 2) + c
3
__
f (x)
(b) ​÷2 ​ sin–1 (sin x – cos x) + c
__ 24. If Ú​ ​  ​ ​  t2 dt = x cos (p x), the value of f ¢(9) is
–1
(c) ​÷2 ​ sin (sin x + cos x) + c 0
__ (a) – 1/9 (b) – 1/3
(d) – ​÷2 ​ sin–1 (sin x + cos x) + c (c) 1/3 (d) Non existent.
____ ____
19. The value of the integral I = Ú (​÷tan x ​ + ÷​ cot x ​)dx, 25. The number of values of x satisfying the equation
3
__
( ) (
​   ​ x + 1
)
x
p
2
3p
where x Œ ​ 0, ​ __ ​  ​ » ​ p, ___
​   ​  ​
2
–1
(2 28
___
3 )
2
_______________
​Ú ​ ​  ​ 8t + ​   ​ t + 4 ​ dt = ​         ​,
______
log(x + 1) ​( ​÷(x + 1) ​ )​
____ ____

( )
__ ​____________
tan x ​ – ​÷cot x​
–1 ÷ is
(a) ​÷2 ​ tan  ​ ​  __ ​ 
   ​ + c
​÷2 ​ (a) 0 (b) 1
____ ____

( ) (c) 2 (d) 3.
__ ​ tan x ​  + ​÷cot x ​
÷
–1 _____________
(b) ​÷2 ​ tan  ​ ​  __ ​ 
   ​ + c ________________________
​÷2 ​
____ ____
26. Ú ​÷(1 + 2 cot x (cot
   x + cosec x)) ​ dx =

( )
__ ​ tan x ​  – ​÷cot x ​
÷
–1 _____________
(c) – ​÷2 ​ tan  ​ ​ 
____
__ ​ 
   ​ +
____
​÷2 ​
c
( ( ))
(a) 2 ln ​ cos ​ __
x
​   ​  ​  ​ + c
2

( ) ( ( )) x
__ ​ tan x ​  + ​÷cot x ​
(d)
÷
– ​÷2 ​ tan–1 ​ ​ _____________
__ ​ 
   ​ + c (b) 2 ln ​ sin ​ __ ​   ​  ​  ​ + c
​÷2 ​ 2

20. ( 4 3
cos x – x sin x + cos x
Ú e(x sin x + cos x) ​ ​ x____________________
      ​  ​ dx )
1
2 ( ( ))
(c) ​ __ ​ ln ​ sin ​ __
2
x
​   ​  ​  ​ + c
x2 cos2 x (d) None.

( 1
(a) e(x sin x + cos x) ​ x – ______
​ x cos x ​  ​ + c ) 27. A differentiable function satisfies 3f 2(x) f ¢(x) = 2x.
Given f (2) = 1, the value of f (3) is
 ​( ______
​ x cos x ​ )​ + c
1 3 ___ __
(b) e(x sin x + cos x) (a) ​÷24 ​
3
(b) ​÷6 ​

​ x cos x ​ – x )​ + c
 ​( ______
1 (c) 6 (d) 2.
(c) e(x sin x + cos x)

(d) e(x sin x + cos x) ​ x cos x ​ + x )​ + c

 ​( ______
1 28. (
Ú ​ __​ 1x ​log ​( __
e )
​  x ​ )​  ​ dx =
x

x
1 1
dt
21. Let f (x) = Ú​ ​ ​  ​ _______
_____  ​and g be the inverse of f. Then (a) ​ __ ​ ex – ln x + c (b) ​ __ ​ ln x – ex + c
2 2
2 ÷ ​ 1 + t4 ​
1
the value of g¢(0) (c) ​ __ ​ ln 2 x – ex + c (d) None.
2
(a) 1 (b) 17
___
Ú x × 2 l​n(x​ + 1)​ dx =
2

(c) ​÷17 ​ (d) None. 29.

x 2
t dt 2 ln​ (x
​ + !)​
22. If f (x) = eg(x) and g (x) = Ú​ ​ ​  ​ _____4 ​, then f ¢(2) is (a) ​ ________
2
 ​ + c
21 + t 2(x + 1)
2
(a) 2/17 (b) 0 (x2 + 1) ​2 ​ln (x + !)​
(b) ​ _____________      ​ + c
(c) 1 (d) cannot be determined. 2 (x2 + 1)
 Indefinite Integrals 1.31

(
(x2 + 1) 2 ln2 + 1
(c) ​ ​ ____________
  
   ​  ​ + c
2 (ln 2 + 1) ) (c) cos–1 ((sin x + cos x)) + c
1
(d) cos–1 ​ __ ( )
​   ​ (sin x + cos x) ​ + c.
3
(d) None.
sin x
35. If Ú ​ _________  ​  dx = Ax + B log |sin (x – a)| + c, then
( 2x + 1
30. Ú ​​ _____________
       ​  ​ dx =
(x2 + 4x + 1)3/2 ) sin (x – a)
(a) A = sin a (b) B = cos a

( )
3
x (c) A = cos a (d) B = sin a
(a) ​ __________
​  _________
    ​  ​ + c
÷​ x + rx + 1 ​
2
36. Ú x log (x2 + 1) dx = f (x) log (x2 + 1) + g (x) + c, then
( 2
x
(b) ​ __________
​  _________
    ​  ​ + c
÷​ x + rx + 1 ​ ) 1+ x2
(a) f (x) = ​ _____  ​

( )
2
x2
(c) ​ __________
​  _________
    ​  ​ + c 1 + x2
÷​ x2 + rx + 1 ​ (b) g (x) = ​ _____  ​
2

( 1
(d) ​ ​ __________
    ​  ​ + c
_________
÷​ x + rx + 1 ​
2 ) 1 + x2
(c) g (x) = – ​ _____
2
 ​
x2 – 1
31. {2 sin x – 1
Ú ex ​ _________
2
​  cos x   ​  + ​ ______________
  
1 + sin x
cos x (2 sin x + 1)
   ​  ​ dx = } (d) f (x) = ​ _____
2
 ​.

(a) ex tan x + c (b) ex cot x + c (

1 + sin 2 x
)
37. If Ú  e2x ​ ​ _________ ​  ​  dx = Ae2x ◊ f (x) + c, then
1 – sin 2 x
(c) ex cosec2 x + c (d) ex sec2 x + c. (a) A = 1/2 (b) A = 1/3

{ ( )}
–1 _____ (c) f (x) = tan x (d) f (x) = tan 2 x.
​etan
​ x​ ( –1 1 – x2
Ú  ​ _______  ​ ​ ​​ sec ​÷1 + x2 ​ )​​ ​ + cos–1 ​ ​ _____2 ​  ​  ​ dx
2
32. 2
(1 + x ) 1+x dx
38. If Ú  ​ __________________
       ​
cos (x – a) cos (x – b)
(a) etan–1 x ◊ tan–1 x + c
1
= __
​  ​ (log |f (x)| + log |g (x)| + c, then
etan–1 x ◊ (tan–1 x)2 A
(b) ​ ______________
 ​   + c
2 (a) A = sin (a – b)
( ( ) _____
(c) etan–1 x ◊ ​​ sec–1 ​ ​÷1 + x2 ​ )​  ​​ ​ + c
2
(b) f (x) = cos (x – a)
(c) g (x) = cos (x – b)
x ◊ ​​( cosec ​( ​÷1 + x  ​ )​ )​​ ​ + c
_____ 2
(d) etan–1 –1 2 (d) A = sin (b – a).

33. Ú _____________
​ 
dx
    ​ =
_____
39. If Ú tan4 x dx = k tan3 x + L tan x + f (x), then
__
​ x ​)​÷x – x  ​
(1 + ÷ 2
(a) k = 1/3 (b) L = –1
__

(
2 (1 + ​÷x ​)
(a) ​ _________
​ 
(1 – x)2
 ​  ​ + c
__
) (c) f (x) = x + c

(More than one options are correct)

(d) k = 2/3.

(
(1 + ​÷x ​)
(b) ​ ​ ________
(1 – x)2
 ​  ​ + c
__
) 40. If Ú ​(​ 1________
+ cos x )
x + sin x
​  ​ dx = f (x) tan (g (x)) + c, then

(
(1 – ​÷x ​)
(c) ​ ​ ________2 ​  ​ + c
(1 – x) )
__
(a) f (x) = x2 (b) f (x) = x

( )
x2 x
2 (1 – ÷ ​ x ​)
(d) ​ ​ ________
_____  ​  ​ + c (c) g (x) = __
​   ​ (d) g (x) = __
​   ​
2 2
– ​÷1 – x ​

34. ( cos x – sin x

Ú ​ ​ __________
÷
    ​  ​ dx =
________
​ 8 – sin 2 x ​ ) ( x–1
(x + 1) ) ​ 
ex
41. If Ú  ex ​​ _______3 ​  ​ dx = ______
(g (x))m
​ + c, then

(a) sin–1 (sin x + cos x) + c (a) g (x) = x (b) g (x) = x + 1

(c) m = 1 (d) m = 2.
1
(b) sin–1 ​ __(
​   ​ (sin x + cos x) ​ + c
3 )
1.32 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

dx
42. If Ú  ​ __________
  
x2 (x4 + 1)3/4
 ​ = A ​​ 1 + __
​ 
x4(
1 B
)
 ​  ​​ ​ + c, then (a) L + M = 18
(c) L + M + N = 22
(b) L – M = 6
(d) L + M – N = 14.

( )
(a) A = –1 (b) B = 1/4
cos4 x
(c) A = 1/2 (d) B = 1/2. 50. If Ú ​ ___________________
​  3      ​  ​ dx
  
sin x {sin5 x + cos5 x}3/5

43. If ( logx e + logex e + lo​g​ 2 ​e

Ú ​ _____________________
​     
x
ex
  ​  ​ dx )
A
1 m
__
= – ​ __​(B + cot5 x​)​ ​n ​​ + c, then
(a) A + B = 3 (b) m + n = 7
= A (log (loge x)) + B loge (1 + loge x)
(c) m + n = 8 (d) A + B = 4.
  + C log (2 + loge x) + K, then

(a) A + B = 2 (b) A – C = 0
(c) A – B = 0 (d) A + B + C = 3

(
____
44. If ​ 
​ tan x ​
÷
Ú ​ ________
sin x cos x )
​  ​ dx = A (f (x))1/m + c, then 1. Evaluate:
cos 2 x – cos x
Ú ​ ____________
   ​dx
  
1 – cos x
(a) A = 2 (b) m = 2 cos 5 x + cos 4 x
2. Evaluate: Ú ​ _____________
   ​dx
  
1 – 2 cos 3 x
(c) f (x) = tan x (d) A + m = 5
sin6 x + cos6 x
(
____
Ú ​ ___________
45. If
​ cot x ​
÷
) ____
Ú ​ ​ sin x cos x​  ​ dx = A ​( – ​÷f (x) ​ )​ + c, then
________ 3. Evaluate:   ​dx
  
sin2 x ◊ cos2 x
cos 2 x
(a) A = 2 (b) f (x) = cot x 4. Evaluate: Ú __________
​  2   ​dx
cos x ◊ sin2 x
(c) f (x) = tan x (d) A = 4.
sin 2 x

( ) Ú ___________
______ 5. Evaluate: ​    ​ dx
x9/2
46. If Ú ​ _______
L
​  ______  ​  ​ dx = ​ __
÷​ 1 + x  ​
11 ( ) |
​  ​  ​ log ​ xN/P + ​÷1 + x11 ​  ​ + c,
M
| sin 5 x ◊ sin 3 x
sin x
then 6. Evaluate: Ú __________
​     ​dx
sin x + cos x
(a) L + M = 13 dx
(b) L – M = 9
7. Evaluate: Ú ____________
​ sec x + cosec
  x ​

(c) L + M + N + P = 26
(d) L + M + N = 15.
8. Evaluate: Ú tan 3 x ◊ tan 2 x ◊ tan x dx

(
_________ b
Ú ______
dx
47. If Ú ​ ________
​  _____  ​  ​ =
x ÷
3
​ 1 + x4 ​ ) ÷ L
__ P
​  ​ ​ N + __
M
​  4 ​ + c ​, then
x
9. Evaluate: ​ 
a + c ex
dx
​dx

(a) L = 1 10. Evaluate: Ú _____

​ 
1 + ex
​
(b) M=2
x+9
(c) L+M+N+P=5 11. Evaluate: Ú ​ _______
x3 + 9 x
​dx
(d) L + M + N – P = 3.

( )
sin x – cos x
tan–1 x
48. If Ú ​ ______
​  4 ​  ​ dx =
12. Evaluate: Ú ​ __________
   ​dx
ex + sin x
x

| |
cos x – sin x + 1 – x

tan–1 x __
–  ​ ______
1 x2 + 1
 ​ + ​  ​log ​ ​ _____
1
 ​  ​ + ____
​  2 ​ + k, 13. Evaluate: Ú ​  ________________
   ​dx
  
ex + sin x + x
Ax 3 B x2 Cx
sin (x + a)
then 14. Evaluate: Ú ​ _________
sin (x + b)
 ​ dx
(a) A = 3 (b) B = 6
dx
(c) C = 6 (d) A + B + C = 15. 15. Evaluate: Ú _________________
​         ​
sin (x – a) sin (x – b)
49. If ( 2 (cos x + sec x) sin x
Ú ​ _________________
​  6    ​  ​ dx
  
cos x + 6 cos2 x + 4 ) 16. Evaluate:
dx
Ú _________________
​         ​
sin (x – a) cos (x – b)

L
1
= __
( ( M
​  ​  ​ log ​ 1 + _____
N
​  4 ​ + _____
))
​  6 ​  ​  ​ + c,
cos x cos x ​ 
____
​ tan x ​
÷
17. Evaluate: Ú ___________   ​
sin x ◊ cos x dx
then
 Indefinite Integrals 1.33
dx ____
18. Evaluate: Ú ________
​  _____  ​ 40. Evaluate: Ú 3​÷tan x ​dx
x ​÷x – 1 ​
4
dx
dx 41. Evaluate: Ú _______
​  x  ​
19. Evaluate: Ú _______
​  2
(x + 1)2
 ​ (e – 1)2
tan–1 x
_________ 42. Evaluate: Ú ______
​  4 ​dx

÷
sin (x – a) x
20. Evaluate: Ú ​ ​ _________
sin (x + a)
 ​ ​ dx
dx
43. Evaluate: Ú _______________
​  _____     ​
____
​( ​÷cos x ​ + ​÷sin x ​ )4​
x
21. Evaluate: Ú _________
​  4
x + x2 + 1
 ​ dx
1 + x– 2/3
44. Evaluate: Ú ​ _______
1+x
​dx
22. Evaluate: Ú sec3 x dx
dx
23. Evaluate: Ú cosec3 x dx 45. Evaluate: Ú ___________
​     ​
2 sin x + sec x
x2 – 1 x4 + 1
24. Evaluate: Ú​ ____________    ​ dx
__________ 46. Evaluate: Ú ______
​  6  ​ dx
x ​÷x4 + 3x2  
+ 1 ​ x +1
dx dx
25. Evaluate: Ú x____________
​  4     ​
+ 18x2 + 81
47. Evaluate: Ú _______
​  x
(e – 1)2
 ​

Ú ​(1​ ________
+ cos x )
x + sin x dx
26. Evaluate: ​  ​ dx 48. Evaluate: Ú ____________
​      ​
_____
(x – 1) ​÷x + 2 ​

27. Evaluate: Ú sin 4 x etan2 x dx dx

49. Evaluate: Ú ________
​  2 _____  ​
x ​÷x + 1 ​
28. Evaluate:
2(÷
2x + 2
Ú sin–1 ​​ _____________
       ​  ​ dx
____________
​ 4x + 8x +  
13 ​ ) x4 – 1
50. Evaluate: Ú​ ____________
x2÷
    ​ dx
_________
​ x4 + x2 + 1 ​
x2
29. Evaluate: Ú (x_____________
​      ​  dx
sin x + cos x)2 x2 – 1
51. Evaluate: Ú​ ______________
       ​ dx
___________
x3 ​÷2x4 – 2x2  
+ 1 ​
x2 (x sec2 x + tan x
30. Evaluate: Ú _______________
​    
  
(x tan x + 1)2
 ​dx
​ cos 2 x ​
÷
______
52. Evaluate: Ú _______
​  ​dx
sin x
secx (2 + sec x)
31. Evaluate: Ú _____________
​    
  
(1 + 2 sec x)2
 ​dx cos q + sin q
53. Evaluate: Ú​____________
   ​dq
___________
÷​ 5 + sin q   
(2q) ​

cos q – sin q )
Ú cos (2 q) × log ​( ___________
cos q + sin q sec2 x
  
   ​  ​dq
32. Evaluate: ​  54. Evaluate: Ú (sec
_____________
​     ​ dx
x + tan x)9/2

(
x4 + 2
33. Evaluate: Ú ex  ​​ _________
(1 + 2)5/2
 ​  ​ dx
) 55. Evaluate:
6
tan 2 q
Ú ______________
​  ____________
      ​ dq
​÷sin q + cos
6
   q​
sinx
​  (
x cos3 x – sin x
34. Evaluate: Ú e   ​ _____________
cos2 x
  ​  ​ dx )
dx
35. Evaluate: Ú ____________
​ cos x + cosec
  x ​
Q. Evaluate the following integrals.
36. Evaluate: Ú cot (1 + x + x ) dx
–1 2
x2 + 6
1. Ú​(x_______________
  
sin x + 3 cos x)6
​dx
37. Evaluate: Ú tan–1 (1 + x + x2) dx
sin x log (1 + sin2 x)
38. Evaluate: Ú ________
​ 
sin 4 x dx
​ 2. Ú cos2 x   ​dx
_____________
​ 

39. For any natural number m, evaluate

Ú ​x​ 3​ (​ 1 + ​x​3​)​
2 2 –1
– __
​​ ​__​
3. ​dx
Ú (x3m
+x2m m
+ x ) (2x 2m
+ 3x + 6)m 1/m
dx.
1.34 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

4. ( 5p
16 )
​ ​ – x )​ ​​( ​( 1 + tan ​( – ___
Ú ​ 1 + tan ​( ___ ​ ​ + x )​)​)​dx
p
16
24.      
​÷ sin (x + a)   
3
dx
Ú ____________________
​ __________________ ​
cos (x – b ) ​
5. Ú tan (x – a) ◊ tan (x + a) ◊ tan2 x dx
Ú ex ​(_____
x + 4)
x+2 2
_____ 25. ​ ​ ​ ​dx
6. ( (
Ú cos ​ 2 cot–1 ​ ​÷​1_____
–x
1+x
​ ​ ​dx )) ______
÷​ 1 +  ​ dx
x8 ​
___________________ 26. Ú ​ _______
(x  –  1) ​÷x4 + 2x3 –    
x2 + 2x + 1 ​ x13
7. Ú ​ __________________________
       ​dx dx
x2 (x + 1) 27. Ú ___________
​ 3    ​
sin x + cos3 x
p
tan ​ __
​ ​– 4 ​
4
8. Ú ​ ________________________
   
  
( ​dx
) _____
(x + ​÷1 + x2 ​)3
28. Ú ​ ____________
__________________
_____  
  
 ​dx
cos x ÷
2
​ tan x + tan2 x +  
3
tan x ​
÷​ 1 + x2 ​
tan–1 x (x + 1)
9. Ú ______
​ 4   ​dx
x
29. Ú ​x__________
    ​ dx
(1 + x ex)2
(1 – x sin x) _____________
10. Ú ​x____________
   ​dx
(1 – x3 e3cosx) 30. Ú ​÷_____________
​ 
sin x
   ​ ​dx
2 sin x + 3 cos x
(1 + x cos x)
11. Ú ​x____________
   ​dx
(1 – x2 e2sinx)
31.
cos 4 x + 1
Ú ​cot
__________
  
   ​dx
x – tan x
dx cos3 x + cos5 x
12. Ú ____________
​ 
2 sin x + sec x
​ 32. Ú ____________
​  2    ​dx
  
sin x + sin4 x
dx dx
13. Ú cos
_____________________
​       ​
________________
x ​ sin (2x + a) +  
sin a ​
33. Ú ____________
​  6   ​
÷ sin x + cos6 x

Ú ​( 3 () ( ))
1 1 f (x)
14. 2
tan ​ __
​x ​ ​ – x sec2 ​ __
​x ​ ​ ​dx 34. Evaluate Ú _____
​3  ​ dx, where f (x) is a polynomial of
__________ x – 1
​ 3 cos 2 x   
÷ – 1​ degree 2 in x such that f (0) = f (1) = – 3 = 3 f (2).
15. Ú ____________
​  cos x    ​  dx

16. ( ​
1
Ú ​ _____
1 – x8 )( ( 2x
​ ​​ cos–1 ​ _____
​
1 + x2 )
2x
​ ​ + tan–1 ​ _____
​
1 – x2( ))
​ ​ ​dx
Integer Type Questions
cos x + cos 2 x
1. If of Ú ____________
​   
    ​ dx = A sin x + Bx + c, find the
x2 – x3 2 cos x – 1
17. Ú​ ___________________
     ​dx
(x + 1) (x3 + x2 + x)3/2 value of A + B + 3.
4
cos x
18. Ú sin
___________________
​ 3       ​
x (sin5 x + cos5 x)3/5
2. If Ú sin
​ 3
dx
___________
   ​
x + cos3 x
__
sin3 x dx
Ú _________________________________
19. ​ 4         ​
(cos x + 3 cos2 x + 1) tan–1 (sec x + cos x)
____ ____
÷
​ 2 ​
= ___
| p
​  ​ log ​ tan ​ __
L
x
​  ​ + __
M N ( )|
​  ​  ​  ​

​ cot x ​ – ​÷tan x ​ P
÷   + __ ​   ​ tan–1 (sin x – cos x) + c,
20. Ú ​ 
_____________    ​dx
4 + 3 sin2 x
3
then find the value of L + M – N – P.
x2 (x sec2 x + tan x
21. Ú _______________
​     ​dx
  
(x tan x + 1)2 3. If
dx
Ú ____________
​  6   ​
sin x + cos6 x
___________
÷​ sin x – sin
22. Ú ​ ____________
  
  
3
x​
   ​dx = tan–1 (L tan x + M cot x) + c,
3
1 – sin x find the value of L + M + N + 4.
x 2
e (2 – x )
23. Ú ​____________
  
_____ ​dx x+1
4. Let Ú ​ ______ ​  dx
(1 – x) ​÷1 – x ​
2   
x3 + x
 Indefinite Integrals 1.35

1
= tan–1 x + __
xM
​  ​ log ​ ______
L
​  N
x +1 | |
 ​  ​ + c. 1.
( 1
Ú ​ ___ ​ 
1
​  ​ – _____
ln x (ln x)2
 ​  ​ dx =
)
L+M+N
3(
Find the value of ​ ​ __________ ​ 
   ​ ) (a) ln (ln x) + c
x
(b) x (ln x) + c

(
sin x
5. Let Ú ​ __________
​    ​  ​ dx
sin x + cos x ) (c) ​ ___​ + c
ln x
(d) x + ln x + c

x ex dx
= Ax + B log |sin x + cos x| + c 2. Ú _______
​ 
(1 + x)2
 ​ =
Find the value of A + B + 1

(
ex
​
x2
6. Let Ú ​ ________
(2x + 3)2 )
 ​  ​ dx
(a) x ex + c

1
(b) ​ __________
   ​
(1 + x)2 + c
ex
(3 + 2x) 1 9 (c) ex – _____
​  ​+ c (d) ​ _____ ​ + c
= ​ _______​ + __
​  ​  log |3 + 2x| – ​ ________  ​ + C. 1+x 1+x
L M 8(2x + 3)
Find the value of L + M + 4 3. (
Ú ex ​ log x – __1
​  2 ​  ​ dx
x )
( 3x2 + 2x
7. If Ú ​​  _________________________
     ​  ​ dx
  
x6 + 2x5 + x4 + 2x3 + 2x2 + 5 ) ( 1
(a) ex ​ log x – __
​ x ​  ​ + c )
(
(b) ex ​ log x + __
1
)

1
( xM + xN + P
= ​ __​ tan–1 ​ ​ ___________
   ​  ​ + k, ) (
​ x ​  ​ + c

find the value of L + M + N + P + Q.

L Q
(c) ex ​ log x + __
1
​  2 ​  ​ + c
x )
8. If
( ​ 3
cos4 x
Ú ​ ___________________
     ​  ​ dx
  
sin x (sin5 x + cos5 x)3/5 ) (
(d) ex ​ log x + ____
​ 
1
log x
​  ​ + c)
Passage II

( )
5M
__
1 1 + tan x ​ N ​ For integrals
= – ​ __​  ​​ ​ ________​  ​​ ​+ c,
L 5
tan x
find the value of L + M + N.
Ú f ​( x – __​ ax ​ )​ ​(1 + __
x )
a
​  2 ​  ​ dx,
a
put x – __
​ x ​ = t,

9. If Ú x13/2 (1 + x5/2)1/2 dx Ú f ​( x + __​ ax ​ )​ ​(1 – __

x )
a
​  2 ​  ​ dx,
a
put x + __
​ x ​ = t,

L
= ___
8M
​   ​ (1 + x5/2)7/2 – ___
35
​   ​ (1 + x5/2)5/2
25
Ú f ​( x2 – __
x
a
) ( x )
​  2 ​  ​ ​ x + __
a
put x2 – __
​  3 ​  ​ dx,
a
​  2 ​ = t
x

15
N
    + ​ ___ ​ (1 + x5/2)3/2 + c, Ú f ​ x2 + __
(x
a
)(
​  2 ​  ​ ​ x – __
a
)
​  3 ​  ​ dx, put x2 + __
x
a
​  2 ​ = t
x
find the value of L + M + N. The following integrands can be brought into above forms
by suitable transformations.
10. If Ú cos4 x dx = L x + M sin 2 x + N sin 4 x + c,
x4 – 2
find the value of 8L + 4M + 32 N. 1. Ú​ ____________
  
_________  ​ dx =
x  ​÷x + x + 2 ​
2 4 2

_________
Comprehensive Link Passages
÷
1
(a) ​ x2 + __
​  2 ​  
+ 1 ​ + c
Passage I x
__________

÷ x
In some of the cases we can split the integrand into the sum 2
(b) ​ x + __ 2
​   ​ + 1  ​+ c  
of the two functions such that the integration for which one 2
of them integrate by parts and other one be fixed. _______

÷ x
1
(c) ​ x + __ 2
​   ​  ​ + c
Consider Ú ex {f (x) + f ¢(x)} dx ______
2

÷ ​ x  ​ ​ + c.
2
= Ú ex f (x) dx + Ú ex f ¢(x) dx (d) ​ x + __ 2
2

= e f (x) – Ú e f ¢(x) dx +
x x
Úe x
f ¢(x) dx + c (x – 1) dx
2. Ú​ _________________
      ​ =
__________
(x + 1) ​÷x + x   
x
= e f (x) + c 3 2
+ x​
1.36 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

( )
__
1
(a) tan–1 ​ x + __(
​ x ​ + 1 ​ + c ) 3
x + ​÷x2 ​ + ​÷4 x ​
3. Ú ​ ​ ___________ 3
  
__
__
 ​  ​ dx
__________ x+÷ ​ x4 ​

÷(
1
(b) tan–1 ​ ​ x + __
​ x ​ +
  1 ​ ​ + c ) (a) __
3
​   ​ x2/3 + 6 tan–1 (​÷
2
6 __
x ​) + C
__________ 3 __
(b) ​ __ ​ x2/3 – 6 tan–1 (÷
÷( )
1 ​6 x ​) + C
(c) 2 tan ​ ​ x + __
–1
​ x ​ +
  1 ​ ​ + c 2
3 __
__________ (c) – ​ __ ​ x2/3 – 6 tan–1 (÷ ​6 x ​) + C
÷(
1
(d) tan–1 ​ ​ x – __
​ x ​ +  
1 ​ ​ + c ) 2
3 __
(d) – ​ __ ​ x2/3 + 6 tan–1 ( ​÷6 ​) + C
6

(
2
3.
5x4 + 4x5
Ú ​ ​ __________
    ​  ​ dx =
(x5 + x + 1)2 ) Matrix Match
(For JEE-Advanced Examination only)
(a) x5 + x + 1 + c

( )
Q1. Match the following columns:
x5
(b) ​ ________
​  5  ​  ​ + c
x +x+1 Column I Column II

( x
(c) ​ ________
​  5
x +x+1
4
 ​  ​ + c ) (A)
Ú ________
​ 
dx
__ ​
(x + 2)​÷x ​ ÷
1
(P) ___
​ 2 ​
x
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ___
( )
​  __ ​  ​ + c
​÷2 ​
__
 ​( ​ __
÷​ 2 ​ ​ )​ + c
__

( )
x
x4 dx (Q) ​÷2 ​ tan–1
(d) ​ ________
​  5  ​  ​ + c
(B)
Ú _________
​  __ __ ​
(​÷x ​ + 2)​÷x ​
x +x–1
__
(C) dx
Passage III Ú ​ _______
x (x + 2)
 ​ (R) 2 log (2 + ÷
​ x ​) + c

Let us consider the integrals of the form

(D)
Ú _______
dx 1
(S) __
( x
​   ​ log ​ _____ )
Ú R ​( x, )
b ​  2  ​ ​   ​  ​ + c
a
__
​  ​ __
​  ​ __g 2 x+2
​x​p ​, ​x​q ​, ​x​ ​r ​​  ​ dx (x + 2)

In this case, we shall put x = t m, where m is the LCM

of (p, q, r). Q.2 Match the following columns:
__
​÷x ​ Column I Column II
1. Ú _______
​ 4 __  ​ dx =
​÷x  ​ + 1
3

__ ___ Ú
1
(A) sin4 x ◊ cos3 x dx (P) __
(
sin 4 x
​   ​  ​ 3x + _____
8
​   ​ – 2 sin 2 x ​
4 )
(a) ​ __ ​ ​( ​÷x3 ​ – ln ​( ​÷ x3 ​ + 1 )​ )​ + C
4 4 4
3 + c,
__ ___
(b) ​ __ ​  ​( ÷
​ x  ​ – ln ​( ​÷ x3 ​ + 1 )​ )​ + C
4 2 3 2 3
(Q) – __ 3
(B)
Ú sin4 x dx ​   ​ (tanx)– 8/3 + ​ __ ​ (tan x)4/3
3 8 4
__ ___
3
(c) ​ __ ​ ​( ÷ ​ x  ​ + 1 )​ )​ + C
​ x  ​ – ln ​( ÷
5 2 3 2 3
– ​ __ ​ (tan x)–2/3 + c
3 2
__ ___
(d) ​ __ ​  ​( ​÷x3 ​ – ln ​( ​÷ x3 ​ + 1 )​ )​ + C
8 4 4
(C) sin5 x sin7 x
3 Ú sin7 x cos3 x dx (R) _____
​   ​ – ​ _____
 ​ + c

(
__ 5 7

)
__
÷​ x3 ​ – ​÷3 x ​ ​ ​ dx =
2. Ú ​ ​ ________ sin8 x sin10x
__
6 – 4​÷x ​
(D)
Ú cosec11/3 x ◊ (S) _____
​   ​ – ​ _____
8 10
 ​ + c

2 4
__
2 12
___ sec7/3 x dx
(a) ​ ___ ​ ​÷x9 ​ + ​ ___ ​  ​÷x13 ​ + C
27 13
___
2 2 12 Q.3 Match the following columns: (Write the suitable
(b) ​ ___ ​ 4Rx9 – ___
​   ​  ​÷x13 ​ + C substitutions)
27 13
___
13 2 12 Column I Column II
(c) ​ ___ ​ 4Rx9 – ___
​   ​   ​÷x13 ​ + C
27 13
sin x cos x
2 2 12 13
___
(A)
Ú ____________
​  2   ​  dx
  
sin x + cos2 x
(P) put sin x = t
(d) – ​ ___ ​ 4Rx9 – ___
​   ​   ​÷x  ​ + C
27 13
 Indefinite Integrals 1.37

Q.6 Match the following columns:

sin x◊cos
  x
(B)
Ú ___________________
​ 
2
   
2
​  dx (Q) put sin x = t
Column I Column II
sin x + 2 cos x + cos x
(C) ​ 
dx
Ú 3___________   ​
+ sin x cos x
(R) put cos x = t (A) _____ dx 1
__ x
_____
|
Ú ​ x2 + x​ (P) – ​ x ​ – log ​ ​ x + 1 ​  ​ + c |
x
_____
| |
2 2
cos x – sin x ​dx dx
(D) Ú​ _____________
2
  
  
2
(S) put sin x cos
Ú ​ x3 + x2 ​ (Q) log ​ ​ x + 1 ​  ​ + c
(B) ______
1 – sin x cos x x=t

Q.4 Match the following columns:

(C) ______dx ___1 1 __
___ 1 x
_____
| |
Ú ​ x4 + x3 ​ (R) – ​ 3x3 ​+ ​ 2x2 ​– ​ x ​ – log ​ ​ x + 1 ​  ​ + c
Column I Column II
(D) ​  5
dx
Ú ______
x + x4
 ​ (S)
2x
1 1
– ​ ____2 ​+ __ ​ 
x | |
x
​ x ​ + log ​ _____
+1
 ​  ​ + c

p
Ú ​(​ 1________
+ cos x )
(P) __
(A) If f (x) = x + sin x ​   ​
​  ​ dx and 2 Q.7 Match the following columns:
p
f (0) = 0, then f ​ __ ()
​   ​  ​
Column I Column II

| |
2 dx x5
(B) Let
p
(Q) __
​   ​
(A)
Ú ​ ________
x (x2 + 1)
 ​ 1
(P) __
​   ​ log ​ _____
5
​  5  ​  ​ + c
3 x +1
f (x) = Ú esin–1 x (
​ 1 – ______
x
​  _____  ​  ​ dx
÷​ 1 – x__2 ​ ) dx
Ú x (x3 + 1) ​
(B) ​ ________ 1
__ x3
_____
(Q) ​   ​ log ​ ​  3
3 x +1 | |
 ​  ​ + c
1
and f (0) = 1, if f  ​ __ () k÷​ 3 ​ep/6
​   ​  ​ = ​ _______

then k is
2 p ​, (C) dx
Ú ​ ________
x (x5 + 1)
 ​ 1
| |
x2013
(R) ​ _____ ​ log ​ _______
2013
​  2013
x +1
 ​  ​ + c

| |
p
dx
(C) Let f (x) = Ú _____________ (R) __
​   ​ x2
​  2
(x + 1) (x2 + 9)
    ​ and 4
(D)
Ú dx/x (x2013 + 1) 1
(S) __
​   ​ log ​ _____
2
​  2  ​  ​ + c
x +1
__ 5
f (0) = 0, if f (​÷3 ​) = ​ ___ ​ k, then k
56
is Q.8 Match the following columns:
____
(D)
Let f (x) = ( ​÷ tan x ​
________
)
Ú ​ ​  sin x cos x ​  ​ dx and
(S) p. Column I
3
x – 3x 2
Column II

p
(A)
Ú ​ _______  ​dx (P) x – log |x + ex| + c
f (0) = 0, if f ​ __ () 2k
​   ​  ​ = ___
4
​ p ​, then k is ex + x3
x–1
(B)
Ú ​ _____
ex + x
​dx x
(Q) log |sin x + e | – x + c
Q.5 Match the following columns:
(C) cos x – sin x
Column I Column II Ú ​ __________
   ​dx
ex + sin x
x
(R) x – log |tan x + e | + c
dx ______1
Ú ​ (x – 1)​÷_____
(A) ___________     ​ (P) – ​ ÷_____  ​
tan x – sec2 x
x + 4 ​ ​ x – 1 ​ _____ (D)
Ú ___________
​  x    ​dx
   3 x
(S) x – log |x + e | + c
1__ –1 x_____
___ –1
– ​   ​ tan  ​ ​ ​   ​ ​  ​ + c
÷
​ 2 ​ 2 (÷ ) e + tan x

dx
Ú ​ (x2 – 1)​÷_____
(B) ____________ 1
___ 1
__
    ​ (Q) – ​  __ ​ log ​ ​ t – ​ 3 ​  ​ ​
x – 1 ​ ÷
​ 3 ​
__________
​ |( ) Q.9 Match the following columns:

Column I Column II

​
1
_____
2
​+ ​ t2 – ​ __ ​ t +
3
  
÷
1
__
​   ​ ​ ​ + c,
3 | ( ​   ​ – x )​  ​
Ú ​ 1 – tan ​( ___
5p
4 ) (P)
t = ​   ​ (A)
x+2
( 3p
(
​ 1 + tan ​ ___
​   ​ – x ​  ​ dx
2 )) 2x + c

| |
_____
dx _____ (R) __
(C) ____________ ​÷x + 4 ​ – 3
Ú ​  1
​   ​ log ​ ​  _________
Ú ​( 1 + tan ​( __​ p8 ​ – x )​ )​
    ​ _____  ​  ​ + c
(x + 2) ​÷x2 – 1 ​ 3 ​÷x + 4 ​ + 3
_____ (Q)
( )
(B)
Ú ​  2
dx ______ (S) ___
(D) _____________   ​
(x + 1) ​÷ x + 4 ​
2
1 ​÷x2 + 4 ​
– ​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ​ _______
​÷3  ​
__ ​  ​ + c
x ​÷3 ​
( p
​ 1 + tan ​ __( ))
​   ​ + x ​  ​ dx
8
3x + c
1.38 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

(
16. The value of the integral
​   ​ – x )​  ​
Ú ​ 1 + tan ​( ___
5p
)
(C) 4
(1 + tan x) dx
(R) 4x + c (
cos3 x + cos5 x
Ú ​ ​ ____________
   ​  ​ dx is
sin2 x + sin4 x )
(D)
( 7p
Ú ​ 1 + tan ​ ___ (
​   ​ – x ​  ​
8 )) (S)
(a)
(b)
sin x
sin x
–
–
6 tan–1 (sin x) + c
2 (sin x)–1 + c

( ))
5x + c
3p
​ 1 + tan ​ ___ (
​   ​ + x ​  ​ dx
8
(c)
(d)
sin x
sin x
–
–
2 (sin x)–1 – 6 tan–1 (sin x) + c
2 (sin x)–1 – 5 tan–1 (sin x) + c
[IIT-JEE, 1995]
Questions asked in Previous Years’ x+1
JEE-Advanced Examinations 17. Ú​ __________
    ​dx
x (1 + x ex)2
[IIT-JEE, 1996]

dx
1. Ú 1_______
​ 
– cot x
​ [IIT-JEE, 1978] 18.
dx
Ú ______________
​  ____________
    ​is equal to
​÷(x – p) (x  
3
– q) ​
x dx
2. Ú 1_____
​   ​ [IIT-JEE, 1979] ______

÷( )
+ x4 2 x–p
(a) ​ ______  ​ ​ ​ ​ _____ ​  ​ ​ + c
(p – q) x – q
x2 dx
3. Ú ________
​   ​ [IIT-JEE, 1979] ______
(b) – ​ ______  ​ ​ ​( ​ _____
(p – q) ÷ x – q )
(a + bx)2 2 x–p
___________
​  ​ ​ + c
4. Ú ​ 1 + sin ​ __​ 2x  
÷ ()
 ​  ​ dx ​ [IIT-JEE, 1980]
1
(c) ​ _____________    ​ + c
___________
x2 ÷​ (x – p) (x   
– q) ​
5. Ú ______
​  _____  ​dx [IIT-JEE, 1980]
÷
​ 1 – x​
(d) none.
6. Ú (elogx + sin x) cos x dx [IIT-JEE, 1981] [IIT-JEE, 1996]
dx
Ú _________________
7.
( x–1
Ú ex ​ ​ _______
(x + 1)3 )
 ​  ​ dx [IIT-JEE, 1983]
19. If ​         ​
(sin x + 4) (sin x – 1)
A
dx = ___________
​     ​ + B tan–1 (f (x)) + C,
8. Ú ​ __________
    ​
x (x + 1)3/4
2 4
[IIT-JEE, 1984]
( () ) x
__
​ tan ​ ​   ​  ​ – 1 ​
2
______ then
__
Ú ​÷​ 1______
1 – ​÷x​ 1 2___ 4 tan x + 1
9.
+÷
__ ​ ​dx
​ x​
[IIT-JEE, 1985] (a) A = __
​   ​, B = – ​ _____  ​, f (x) = ​ _________
 ​
5 5​÷15 ​ 5

( )
__ __
sin–1 ​÷x ​ – cos–1 ​÷x ​
10. Ú ​ ​ _______________
__   __ ​  ​ dx
sin–1 ​÷x ​ + cos–1​÷x ​
[IIT-JEE, 1986] 1 2___
(b) A = – ​ __ ​, B = – ​ _____
4 tan (x/2) + 1
 ​, f (x) = ​ ____________
___ ​  
5 5​÷15 ​ ​÷15 ​
______
​ cos 2 x ​
÷ 2 2___ 4 tan x + 1
11. Ú _______
​  ​ [IIT-JEE, 1987] (c) A = __
​   ​, B = – ​ _____  ​, f (x) = ​ _________
 ​
sin x dx 5 5​÷15 ​ 5
____ ____ 4 tan (x/2) + 1
12. Ú (​÷tan x ​ + ÷​ cot x ​) dx [IIT-JEE, 1988] 2
(d) A = __
5
2___
​   ​, B = – ​ _____  ​, f (x) = ​ ____________
___ ​  
5​÷15 ​ ​÷15 ​
​  x (
4 ex + 6 e–x
13. If I = ​ __________
   ​  ​ dx = Ax +
9e – 4 e–x ) log |(9 e2x – 4)| + C [IIT-JEE, 1997]
then A = ..., B = ... and C = ...
[IIT-JEE, 1990]
(
cos x – sin
20. Ú ​ ___________
​ 
x
)
   ​  ​ (2 + 2 sin 2 x) is equal to
cos x + sin x

(
(a) sin 2 x + c (b) cos 2 x + c
​  1/3
1
14. Ú ​ ________
x + x1/4
 ​ 
log
+ ​ 
(1 + x1/6)
___________
__   
​ x ​ + x1/3
÷
 ​  ​ dx ) (c) tan 2 x + c

_______
__
(d) None
[IIT-JEE, 1997]
[IIT-JEE, 1992]
Ú ​÷​ 1______
1 – ​÷x​ dx
21. __ ​ ​ × ___
​  ​ [IIT-JEE, 1997]
cosq – sinq )
Ú cos 2q log ​( ​ cosq + sinq
__________ +÷​ x​ x
15.    ​  ​dq
dx
[IIT-JEE, 1994] 22. Ú ___________________
​         ​ is equal to
___________
(2x – 7) ​÷x – 7x +  
2
12 ​
 Indefinite Integrals 1.39

1 1
__
(a) 2 sec–1 (2x – 7) + c (d) ​ ______  ​ (1 + n xn​)1​ + ​ n ​​ + c
(n + 1)
(b) sec–1 (2x – 7) + c
[IIT, 2007]
(c) 1/2 sec–1 (2x – 7) + c
ex
(d) None of these. 28. Let I = Ú ​ __________     ​ dx,
e4x + e2x + 1
[IIT-JEE, 1997]
e–x
J = ____________
2
x + 3x + 2
23. Ú​  (x_____________
2
      ​ dx
+ 1)2 (x + 1)
[IIT-JEE, 1999] ​  –4x     ​ dx.
e + e–2x + 1
For an arbitrary constant C, the value of J – I is
24.
(÷
2x + 2
Ú in–1 ​​ _____________
       ​  ​ dx
____________
) [IIT-JEE, 2001]

( )
2
​ 4x + 8x +  
12 ​ 1 e4x – e2x + 1
(a) ​ __ ​ log ​ ​ ___________
  
   ​ ​ + c
2 e4x + ex + 1
25. (x3m + x2m + xm) (2 x2m + 3xm + 6)1/m dx where m > 0

26. x    2
– 1     ​ dx
Ú​ _______________
____________
[IIT-JEE, 2002] 1
2 ( e2x + ex + 1
(b) ​ __ ​ log ​ ​ __________
e2x – ex + 1 )
    ​  ​ + c

x ​÷2x – 2x   
( )
3 4 2
+ 1 ​ 1 e2x – ex + 1
(c) ​ __ ​ log ​ ​ __________
    ​  ​ + c
____________ 2 e2x + ex + 1
÷​ 2x4 – 2x ​
2
(a) ​ _____________
+ 1 ​
  
   + c

(b) ​ 
​÷
x2
____________
2x4 – 2x2   
+ 1 ​
_____________  ​
   + c
1
2 (
e4x + e2x + 1
(d) ​ __ ​ log ​ ​ ___________
  
    ​ ​ + c
e4x – e2x + 1 )
[IIT, 2008]
x3
____________ sec2 x
÷​ 2x4 – 2x2   
+ 1 ​
  
(c) ​ _____________ ​+ c
29. The integral Ú _____________
​      ​dx equals
(sec x + tan x)9/2
x
____________
÷​ 2x4 – 2x ​
2x2
2
(d) ​ _____________
+ 1 ​
  
   + c [IIT, 2006]
1
(a) –  ​ ______________
    ​​ ___
(sec x + tan x)11/2 11 7
{ 1
​  1  ​ – __
​   ​ (sec x + tan x)2 ​ + K}
...
x
27. Let f (x) = ​ _________
(1 + xn)1/n
​ for n ≥ 2 and g (x) = ( f O fO

n–2
1
(b) ______________
​      ​​ ___
(sec x + tan x)11/2 11 7
{ 1
​  1  ​ – __ }
​   ​ (sec x + tan x)2 ​ + K

O f ) (x), then x g (x) dx is

1 1
__
(a) ​ _______  ​ (1 + n xn ​)1​ – ​ x ​​ + c
n (n – 1)
1
(c) – ​ ______________
  
(sec x + tan x) 11/2 11 { 1
​  1  ​ + __
 ​​ ___
7 }
​   ​ (sec x + tan x)2 ​ + K

1
(n – 1)
1
__
(b) ​ ______  ​ (1 + n xn​)1​ – ​ x ​​ + c
1
(d) ​ ______________
  
(sec x + tan x)
{
 ​​ ___
11/2 11
1
​  1  ​ + __ }
​   ​ (sec x + tan x)2 ​ + K
7

1 1
__ [IIT, 2012]
(c) ​ _______  ​ (1 + n xn​)1​ + ​ n ​​ + c
n (n – 1)

Answers
Level IIB 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (d) 29. (a) 30. (b)
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (a) 31. (a) 32. (b) 33. (c) 34. (d) 35. (a)
6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (d) 36. (b) 37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (c) 40. (b, d)
11. (a) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (c) 41. (b, d) 42. (a, b) 43. (a, b, c, d) 44. (a, b, c)
16. (d) 17 (a) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (b) 45. (a, b) 46. (a, b, c) 47. (a, b, c, d) 48. (a, b)
21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (b) 25. (a) 49. (a, b, c, d) 50. (a, c)
1.40 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

Level IV 1
18. – ​ __ ​ (1 + cot5 x)2/5 + c
2
– x sec x
1. ​ ____________
     ​ + tan x + c 19. log |tan–1 (cos x + sec x)| + c
x sin x + 3 cos x

| |
__ __ __
2 –1
2. tan x log (1 + sin x) – 2 ​÷2 ​ tan (t​÷2 ​) + c, where t = tan x 1__ (tan x + cot x) ​÷2 ​ – 1
20. ​ ____  ​ log ​ ​ __________________
  
__  ​  ​ + c
3. 3 tan–1 (x1/3) + c 2​÷2 ​ (tan x + cot x) ​÷2 ​ + 1
2
1 x
4. – ​ __ ​ log |cos (2x)| + log |cos (x – a)| 21. – ​ __________
    ​ + 2 log |x sin x + cos x| + c
2 (x tan x + 1)
+ log |cos (x + a)| + c 2
22. ​ __ ​ sin–1 (sin3/2 x) + c
1 3
5. – ​ __ ​  log |cos (2x)| + log| cos (x – a)| _____
2
+ log |cos (x + a) + c
(÷ 1+x
23. ​ ex ​ ​ _____ ​ ​  ​ + c
1–x )
_____ ____________________________
6. – ​÷1 – x  ​ + c
2 24. 2 sec (a + b) ​÷ cos (a  + b) tan (x – b) + sin (a + b) ​ + c
    

| |
__
1
2
1
7. ​ __ ​ log |t2 + 2t – 3| – ____
(t + 1) – ​÷2 ​
​  __ ​ log ​ ​ ___________
2​÷2 ​
  __ ​  ​
(t + 1) + ÷
​ 2 ​
(
​ 
x
25. ex ​ ______
(x + 4)
 ​  ​ + c )

1__ –1 3t
+ – ​ ___
÷
​ 3 ​
(
+1
 ​ sin  ​ ​ _____
2
 ​  ​ + c ) 12 (
1 1 + x8 3/2
26. – ​ ___ ​ ​​ ​ _____
x8 )
 ​  ​​ ​ + c

1
where t = ​ x + __
​ x ​  ​( ) 2__
27. ​ ____
| x p
 ​  log  ​ tan ​ __ (
​   ​ + __
2 8 )| 2
​   ​  ​  ​ – ​ __ ​  tan–1 (sin x – cos x) + c
3
________ 3​÷2 ​
(÷
1
8. – 2 tan–1 ​ ​ t + __
​  ​ + 1 ​  ​ + c
t ) (x + ​÷1 + x2 ​)3
_____

1 28. ​ ____________
 ​    + c
where t = x + __ ​ x ​ 3

q
9. –  ​ ______
1
 ​ – __
1
(
​   ​ ​ ______
​  ​ + log |sin q| ​ + c
) ​ 
t+1
t
29. log ​ ____
| | ​ 
1
 ​  ​ + ______
(t + 1)
 ​ + c, where t = x ex

| |
3tan3q 3 2 sin2 q
( )
1 __
​ t + __​  ​  ​  – ​÷2 ​
where tanq = x 1__ –1
30. – ​ ____
1
 ​ tan   ​ t – __ ( 1
​  ​  ​ + ____) t
​  __ ​  log ​ ​ ___________   __ ​  ​ + c
( )
| |
3​÷2 ​ t 6​÷2 ​ 1
__
1 (x ex)3 – 1 ​ t + ​  ​  ​ + ÷ ​ 2 ​
10. ​ __ ​ log ​ ​ ________  ​  ​ + c _________
t
3 (x ex)3 where t = ÷
​ 2 + 3 cot
   x​

| |
sin x 2
1 (x e )
11. ​ __ ​  log ​ __________
​  sin x 2     ​  ​ + c 1
31. – ​ __ ​ cos (4x) + c
2 (x e ) – 1 8
1__
12. ​ ____
2​÷2 ​ | x p
(
 ​ log ​ tan ​ __
​   ​ + __
2 8 )| 1
​   ​  ​  ​ – ___________
​      ​ + c
(sin x + cos x)
32. sin x – 2 cosec x – 6 tan–1 (sin x) + c

33. tan–1 (tan x – cot x) + c

tan x cos a + sin a
13. ​ _______________
__   
 ​
   + c
​ 2 ​ cos a
÷
1
14. x3 tan ​ __()
​ x ​  ​ + c
__________
|
(x2 + x + 1)
34. log ​ ​  __________
  
(x – 1) ÷
2
 ​  ​ + ___
​ 3 ​ | 2x +__ 1
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ​ ______
÷ (
 ​  ​ + c
​ 3 ​ )
__ __ __ cosec2 x – 3
15. ​÷6 ​ sin–1 (​÷3 ​sin x) + 2​÷2 ​ tan–1  ​ ​ ​ __________
2
 ​ ​ 
   ​ + c
   (÷ ) Integer type Questions
1. 5 2. 7 3. 5 4. 2 5. 1

[( ) ]
2 2
p
16. ​ __ ​ ​ Ú ​ _____
8
​ 
1
2
1
 ​ + ​ _____2 ​  ​  + Ú ​ (x_______
4
+ 1)
 ​  – Ú ​ (x_______
4
+ 1)
 ​  ​ dx 6. 4 7. 9 8. 9 9. 7 10. 5
1–x 1+x x +1 x +1
Comprehensive Link Passages
and then you do it.
Passage I: 1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a)

(÷ )
_________
1
17. 2 ​ _________
​  ________
1
1
    ​  + tan–1 ​ ​ x + __ (÷
​ x ​ + 1 ​  ​  ​ + c ) Passage II: 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b)
​ x + __
​ x ​ + 1 ​ Passage III: 1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a)
 Indefinite Integrals 1.41

Matrix Match 4. (A)Æ(P), (B)Æ(Q), (C)Æ(R), (D)Æ(S)

5. (A)Æ(R), (B)Æ(P), (C)Æ(S), (D)Æ(Q)
1. (A)Æ(Q), (B)Æ(R), (C)Æ(S), (D)Æ(P)
6. (A)Æ(Q), (B)Æ(P), (C)Æ(S), (D)Æ(R)
2. (A)Æ(R), (B)Æ(P), (C)Æ(S), (D)Æ(Q)
7. (A)Æ(S), (B)Æ(Q), (C)Æ(P), (D)Æ(R)
3. (A)Æ(P, Q, R), (B)Æ(Q),
8. (A)Æ(S), (B)Æ(P), (C)Æ(Q), (D)Æ(R)
(C)Æ(R), (D)Æ(R, S)
9. (A)Æ(P), (B)Æ(P), (C)Æ(P), (D)Æ(P)

Hints and solutions

p
= Ú 2dx [ if A + B = __
​   ​,
4
1. We have, then (1 + tan A) (1 + tan B) = 2] = 2x + c.
Ú logx x dx = Ú 1 ◊ dx = x + c 9. we have,

2. we have, Ú (tan x + cot x)2dx = Ú (tan2x + cot2x + 2) dx

Ú (​3log x
​ 3​) dx = Ú (​2log
​ 2​ – ​2log x
​ 3​ – ​2log
​ 3​)dx
x x = Ú (sec2x + cosec2x) dx

= Ú 0 ◊ dx = c = tan x – cot x + c
10. We have,
3. we have, dx 1 dx
Ú 1_________
​
+ cos 2x Ú 2cos2x Ú 2
​ = ______
​ ​ = __
​  ​ sec2x dx
m
Ú ​( xm + mx + mm + __
​ x ​ )​ dx
1
= __
​   ​ tan x + c
xm + 1 mx 2
= _____
​   ​ + _____
​  ​ + mmx + m log |x| + c
m+1 log m 11. The given integral is
4. we have,
Ú (​3log 5
​ 3​) dx = Ú (​3log
​ x​ – ​xlog 5
​ x​ – ​3log
​ x​) dx6 6

Ú 2 ◊ 3 dx = Ú (2 ◊ 3) dx = Ú 6 dx
x x x x
= Ú (0) ◊ dx = c
6x
= ____
​   ​ + c 12. The given integral is
log 6
5. we have, Ú ​( 1 + tan ​( __​ p8 ​ – x )​ ​( 1 + tan ​( __​ p8 ​ + x )​ )​ )​ dx
Ú tan2x dx = Ú (sec2x – 1) dx = Ú (2) ◊ dx
= tan x – x + c
= 2x + C
6. we have,
13. The given integral is
Ú cot2x dx = Ú (cosec2x – 1) dx
= – cot x – x + c ( 1+x
Ú ​ ​ 8__________
+4
2 2x
1+x

) 2
(
+2 3 + 3x
   ​  ​ dx = Ú ​ ​ ___________
22x
   ​  ​ dx
2 + 2x

)
7. we have,
dx sin2x + cos2x = Ú (23 + x + 22) dx
Ú _________
​ 2 2
sin x cos x
​ = Ú ____________
​   ​dx
  
sin2x cos2x
= 8 Ú 2xdx + Ú 4 dx
=
( 1
Ú ​ _____ ​ 
cos x sin2x
1
​  2 ​ + _____​  ​ dx
)
8 ◊ 2x
= ____
​ 
log 2
 ​ + 4x + c

= Ú (sec2x + cosec2x) dx 14. The given integral is

​ x ​ + xm + mx )​ dx
x
= tan x – cot x + c Ú ​( __ m
​m ​ + __

8. (
Ú ​ 1 + tan ​( x + ___
3p
8 )
​   ​ )​  ​  ​( 1 + tan ​( __
​   ​ – x )​ )​ dx
p
8
x2
= ___
xm + 1
​  ​ + m log x + _____
2m
​ 
m+1
 ​ +
mx
_____
​ 
log m
​+ c
1.42 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

15. The given integral is ((sin2x + cos2x)2 – 2sin2x cos2x)

= Ú ​___________________________
      ​  dx

(ax + bx)2
Ú ​________
a xb x
​dx = Ú ( a2x + b2x + 2a xb x
​ ​ _______________
a xbx
  ​  ​ dx
   ) sin2x cos2x

(1 – 2 sin2x cos2x)
= Ú ​_______________
  
  ​  dx
(( ) ( ) )
a x
= Ú ​ ​​ __
b x
​  ​  ​​ ​ + ​​ __
b
​ a ​  ​​ ​ + 2 ​ dx sin2x cos2x

(sin2x + cos2x – 2sin2x cos2x)

(a/b)x
= _______
​ 
(b/a)x
 ​ + _______
​   ​+  2x  + c
= Ú ​________________________
   
sin2x cos2x
  ​  dx
log(a/b) log(b/a)
16. The Given integral is = Ú (sec2x + cosec2x – 2) dx
(2x + 3x)2
( )
Ú ​ ​​( __​ 23 ​ )​​ ​ + ​​( __​ 32 ​ )​​ ​ + 2 ​ dx
x x
Ú ​_________
2x ◊ 3x
​ dx = = tan x – cot x – 2x + c

(2/3)x (3/2)x 21. We have,

= _______  ​ + _______
(
​   ​   ​ + 2x + c

17. It is given that

log (2/3) log (3/2)

sin6x + cos6x
Ú ​ ​___________ )
  ​  ​ dx
  
sin2x ◊ cos2x

( )
1 1
f ¢(x) = __
​ x ​ + ______
​  _____  ​ (sin2x)3 + (cos2x)3
÷​ 1 – x2 ​ = Ú ​ ​_______________
  
  ​  ​  dx
sin2x ◊ cos2x
On integration, we get

Ú( )
f (x) = log |x| + sin–1x + c (sin4x + cos4x – sin2x ◊ cos2x)
= ​ ​________________________
      ​  ​ dx
p sin2x cos2x
When x = 1 and f (1) = __ ​   ​, then c = 0

Ú(
2
Hence, the function is
f (x) = log |x| + sin–1x
=
(1 – 3sin2x ◊ cos2x)
​ ​_______________
sin2x cos2x
   )
  ​  ​ dx

Ú( )
18. It is given that
(sin2x + cos2x – 3sin2x cos2x)
f ¢(x) = a cos x + b sinx = ​ ​________________________
      ​  ​ dx
sin2x cos2x
On integration, we get
f (x) = a sin x – b cos x + c = Ú (sec2 x + cosec2 x – 3)dx
When x = 0 and f ¢(0) = 4, then a = 4
= tan x – cot x – 3x + c
p
2 ()
When x = 0, f (0) = 3 and f  ​ ​ __ ​  ​ = 5
22. We have,
then, we get

cos x – cosa )
Ú ​(​ cos
b = – 2 and c = 1 2x – cosa
____________
  
   ​ ​dx
Hence, the function is
f (x) 4 cos x + 2sin x + 1
(2cos2x – 1 – 2cos2a + 1
= Ú ​ ​____________________
– cosa    ​ ​dx
cos x     )
19. We have,

dx
Ú 1_______
​
– sin x
(1 + sin x)
​ = Ú​_________________
      ​ dx
(1 – sin x) (1 + sin x)
(
cos2x – cos2a
= Ú 2 ​ ​ ____________
  
cos x – cosa )
   ​ ​dx

(1 + sin x)
= Ú ​_________
1 + sin x
 ​ dx = Ú ​_______ ​dx
= Ú 2 (cos x + cosa) dx
(1 – sin2x) cos2 x
= 2 (sin x + x cosa) + c
= Ú (sec2x + sec x ◊ tan x) dx
23. We have,
= tan x + sec x + c

20. We have,
( cos4x – sin4x
Ú ​ ____________
​ ________ )
   ​  ​ dx
  
​÷1 + cos4x ​

sin4x + cos4x
Ú ____________
​   ​ dx
  
sin2x cos2x
( (cos2x – sin2x) (cos2x + sin2x)
= Ú ​ ​_________________________
÷
   
_________  ​ 
​ 1 + cos 4x ​
   ​ dx )
 Indefinite Integrals 1.43

= ( (cos2x – sin2x)
Ú ​ ​ ____________
__   
  ​  ​ dx ) 27. We have,

(
​÷2 ​ cos 2x
cos 2x
= Ú  ​ ________
​  __ )
                        

​  ​ dx
( 5cos3x + 3sin3x
Ú ​ ______________
​   ​  ​ dx
  
cos2x sin2x                         
)
( )
÷
​ 2 ​ cos 2x
5cos3x 3sin3x
x = Ú ​ _________
​  2 ​ + _________
​  ​  ​ dx
= ___
​  __ ​ + c cos x sin2x cos2x sin2x
÷
​ 2 ​
= 5 Ú cosec x cot x dx + 3 Ú sec x tan x dx
24. We have,
= – 5 cosec x + 3 sec x + c
( + tan2x
Ú ​ ​ 1________
2
1 + cot x ) 1 + tan2x
​  ​ dx = Ú   ​ ​ ________  ​  ​ dx
1
1 + _____
​  2 ​
tan x
( ) 28. We have,

Ú ​( ​ cos x + sin x )
cosx – sin x
__________
   ​  ​ (1 + sin 2x) dx
  

tan2x (1 + tan2x)
= Ú ​ ______________
​   
  
(1 + tan2x) (
 ​  ​ dx
) (
cos x – sin x
= Ú ​ ​ __________
   ​  ​ (cos x + sin x)2dx
cos x + sin x )
= Ú (tan2x) dx
= Ú (cos x – sin x) (cos x + sin x) dx
= Ú (sec x – 1) dx 2
= Ú (cos2x – sin2x) dx
= tan x – x + c = Ú cos2x dx
25. We have, sin 2x
= ​ _____
 ​ + c
2
Ú ​( ​ cos
1 – cos x )
x – cos 2x
___________
   ​  ​ dx
   29. The given integral is

Ú ​( _____________
1 – 2cos 3x )
cos 5x + cos 4x
( cos x – 2cos2x + 1
= Ú   ​ ​ ________________
  
1 – cos x
   ​  ​ dx ) ​    ​  ​ dx
  

sin 3x (cos 5x + cos 4x)

= Ú ___________________
​
( )
       ​dx
2cos2x – cos x – 1 sin 3x – sin 6x
= – Ú ​ ​_______________
     ​  ​ dx
1 – cos x

Ú(
( ) ( ) ( ) ()
3x
2sin ​ ___
3x
​   ​  ​ cos  ​ ___
9x
​   ​  ​ 2cos ​ ___
x
​   ​  ​ cos ​ __
​   ​  ​

(cos x – 1) (2cos x + 1)
= – ​ ​___________________
       ​  ​ dx ) = Ú ​
2
    
2
_____________________________    
2
 ​ dx
2
1 – cos x
( ) ( )9x
___ 3x
___
– 2cos ​ ​   ​  ​ sin ​ ​   ​  ​
2 2
Ú( )
(1 – cos x) (2cos x + 1)
= ​ ​___________________
       ​  ​ dx
= – Ú 2cos ​( ___
​   ​ )​ cos ​( __
​   ​ )​ dx
1 – cos x 3x x

2 2
= Ú ((2 cos x + 1))dx
= – Ú (cos 2x + cos x) dx
= 2 sin x + x + c.
26. We have, (
sin 2x
= –  ​ _____
​   ​ + sin x ​ + c
2 )
___________

( ) (÷
__________

÷​ x4 + x– ​ 
x3
4
Ú ​ ​____________
+ 2 ​
  
   ​ dx =
4
+x +2
Ú ​ ​ ​ x__________
x6
 ​ ​ 
   ​ dx
  

___________
–4

) 30. The given integral is

Ú ​(​ cos1 – cos x )
x – cos 2x
___________
  ​  ​ dx
  

Ú (÷ =
x8 + 2x4 + 1
​ ​ ​  __________
 ​ ​ 
   ​ dx
  
) 2cos2x – cosx – 1
x10 = – Ú ​_______________
      ​dx
1 – cos x
= ( 4
+1
Ú ​ ​ x_____
x5
 ​  ​ dx)
(cos x – 1) (2cos x + 1)
= – Ú ​___________________
   
1 – cos x
   ​dx

= Ú ​( x– 5 + __​ 1x ​ )​ dx = Ú (2cos x + 1) dx

1
= log |x| – ___
​  4 ​ + c = (2sin x + x) + C
4x
1.44 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

31. The given integral is (x1/3 – 1) (x2/3 + x1/3 + 1)

dx
= Ú ​_____________________
      
(x2/3 + x1/3 + 1)
 ​ dx
Ú __________________________
​         ​
(tan x + cot x + sec x + cosec x)
sin x cos x dx
= Ú (x1/3 – 1) dx
= Ú ______________
​      ​
1 + sin x + cos x 3
= – ​ __ ​ x– 2/3 – x + c
sin x dx 2
= Ú sec
_____________
​       ​
x + tan x + 1 36. We have,

( ) ( )
sin x(1 + tan x – sec x)dx
Ú ​_____________________
4 4
–1+3 x –1 3
=       
(1 + tan x)2 – sec2x
​ Ú  ​ ​ x_________
2
x +1
 ​  ​ dx = Ú ​ ​ _____
2
 ​ + _____
x +1 x +1
​  2  ​  ​ dx

( )
sin x(1 + tan x – sec x)dx
= Ú ​ ____________________
   
2tan x
  ​
=
(x2 – 1) (x 2 + 1)
Ú ​ ​  _____________ 3
 ​ + ​ _____
    ​  ​ dx
x2 + 1 x2 + 1
1
​   ​ Ú cos x (1 + tan x – sec x) dx
= __
2
1

(
= Ú ​ (x2 – 1) + _____
​  2
x +1
3
 ​  ​ dx
)
​   ​  Ú (cos x + sin x – 1) dx
= __
2 x3
= __
​   ​ – x + 3 tan–1x + c
1 3
= __
​   ​  (sin x + cos x – x) + C
2
37. We have,

( ) [( ) ]
32. We have,
x4 – 1 – 2 x –1 4
2
x (x + 1 – 1) Ú ​ ​_________ ​  ​ dx = Ú  ​ ​ ​ _____  ​  ​ – ​ _____  ​  ​ dx
Ú x_____
​
+1
 ​ dx = Ú ​__________
  
(x + 1)
 ​ dx x2 + 1 x2 + 1 x2 + 1

= Ú ​( 1 – _____
x + 1)
​ 
1
 ​  ​ dx [((x2 + 1) (x2 – 1)
= Ú  ​ ​ ​______________
2
x +1
  
 ​  2
x +1
2
   ​ – ​ _____ )
 ​  ​ dx ]
= x – log |x + 1| + C

33. We have,
=
(
Ú ​ (x2 – x) – _____
​  2
x +1
2
 ​  ​ dx
)
x3
(1 + x)2 (1 + x2 + 2x) = __
​   ​ – x – 2 tan–1x + c
Ú ​x________
(1 + x2)
 ​ dx = Ú ​___________
  
   ​ dx
x (1 + x2)
3
38. we have,

(1 + x2) + 2x
= ​ ____________
  
  
x (1 + x2)
 ​ dx ( x6 + 1 – 2
Ú ​ ​_________
2
x +1 ) x +1
2
x +1 [( )
 ​  ​ dx = Ú ​ ​ ​ _____
6

2
2
 ​  ​  – ​ _____
x +1
 ​  ​ dx
]

dx
= Ú ___
dx
​ x ​ + 2 Ú _____
​
1 + x2
 ​

= log |x| + 2 tan–1x + c

[((x2 + 1) (x4 – x2 + 1)
= Ú  ​ ​ ​  _________________
2
x +1 ) 2
   ​ – ​ _____
 ​ 
   2
x +1
 ​  ​ dx ]
34. We have,
=
(
Ú ​ (x4 – x2 + 1) – _____
​  2
x +1
2
 ​  ​ dx
)
Ú
x2 – 2
______
​2
x +1
 ​ dx = ( 2
+1–3
Ú ​ ​ x________
x2 + 1
 ​  ​ dx)
x5
= __
​   ​ –
5
x3
__
​   ​ + x – 2 tan–1x + c
3

( ​ 
3
= Ú ​ 1 – _____
x2 + 1 )
 ​  ​ dx 39. We have,

= x – 3 tan x + c–1 ( x8 + x4 + 1
Ú ​ ​__________
  
    ​  ​ dx
x4 + x2 + 1 )
35. We have,

x–1
Ú ​_____________  
(x 2/3 + x1/3 + 1)
 ​ 
d x = Ú
(x1/3)3 – 1
_____________
​       ​dx
(x2/3 + x1/3 + 1)
=
( (x4 – x2 + 1) (x4 + x2 + 1)
Ú ​ ​______________________
   
(x4 + x2 + 1)
 ​ 
   ​ dx
)
= Ú ((x4 + x2 + 1)) dx
 Indefinite Integrals 1.45
x5 x3 46 We have,
= __
​   ​ + __
​   ​ + x + c
5 3
40. The given integral is
Ú tan–1 ​(_________
1 + cos 2x )
​ 
sin 2x
  ​  ​ dx

(
​  2
x +1
x
Ú ​ _____
4

)
 ​  ​ dx = Ú ​__________
  
x2 + 1
(x4 – 1) + 1
 ​ dx
(
2sin x cos x
= Ú tan–1 ​ _________
​ 
2 cos2x
​  ​ dx
)
= Ú tan–1(tan x) dx
= Ú (
​ x2 – 1 + _____
​  2
x +1
1
)
 ​  ​ dx

= Ú x dx

x3
= ​ __
3 (
​   ​ – x + tan–1x + c ​ )
x2
= __
​   ​ + c
41. The given integral is 2

( )
x4 + x2 + 1 47. The given integral is
Ú ​ ​ __________
   ​  ​ dx _________
x2 + + 1
(x2 – x + 1) (x2 + x + 1)
(÷
Ú tan–1​ ​ ​ 11_________
– cos 2x
+ cos 2x ) –1 sin x
  ​ ​  ​ dx = Ú tan ​ ____
​ cos x ​  ​ dx ( )
= Ú _____________________
​    
(x2 + x + 1)
 ​ dx
  
= Ú tan–1(tan x) dx

= Ú (x2 – x + 1)dx = Ú x dx

(
x3 x2
= ​ __
​   ​ – __
3
​   ​ + x + C ​
2 )
x2
= __
​   ​ + c
2
42. The given integral is 48. The given integral is

( x6 + 1
Ú ​ ​______ ) (x2 + 1) (x4 – x2 + 1)
 ​  ​ dx = Ú ​__________________
  
 ​ dx
   Ú tan–1 ​( _______
1 – cos x )
​ 
sin x
​  ​ dx
x2 + 1 (x2 + 1)

= Ú (x4 – x2 + 1) dx ​ 
(
2sin (x/2) cos (x/2)
= Ú tan–1 ​ _______________
  
2sin2(x/2)
 ​ 
   ​ dx
)

x
= ​ __
5 ( x5
​   ​ – __
3
​   ​ + x + c ​
3 ) [ ( )]
= Ú tan–1 ​ tan ​ __
x
​   ​  ​  ​ dx
2
43. We have,
x2

2 ()
x
= Ú ​ ​ __ ​  ​ dx
Ú sin–1(sin x) dx = Ú x dx = __
​   ​ + c
2 x2
= __
​   ​ + c
44. We have, 4
49. The given integral is
Ú sin–1(cos x) dx = Ú sin–1 ​[ sin ​( __​ p2 ​ – x )​ dx ]​ ________

= Ú ​ __
p
(
​   ​ – x ​ dx )
Ú tan –1
(÷1 – sin x
1 + sin x )
 ​ ​ ​ ________ ​ ​  ​ dx

( )
2 cos (x/2) – sin (x/2)
p x2 = Ú tan–1 ​ _________________
​    
   ​  ​ dx
= __
​   ​ x – ​ __ ​ + c cos (x/2) + sin (x/2)
2 2
45. We have,
_________
(
1 – tan(x/2)
= Ú tan–1 ​ ​ __________
    ​  ​ dx
1 + tan(x/2) )
(
Ú tan–1 ​ ​÷​ 11_________
– cos 2x
  ​ ​  ​ dx
+ cos 2x ) [ (
= Ú tan–1 ​ tan ​ __
p x
​   ​ – __
4 2 )]
​   ​  ​  ​ dx
_______

(÷ )
2 sin2x
= Ú tan–1 ​ ​ ______
​ 
2 cos2x
​ ​  ​ dx

p x
(
= Ú ​ ​ __ ​ – __
4 2 )
​   ​  ​ dx

= Ú tan (tan x) dx = Ú x dx
–1 (
p x x2
= ​ ___
​   ​ – __
4 )
​   ​  ​ + c
4
x2 50. The given integral is
= __
​   ​ + c
2
1.46 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

Ú tan–1 ​(1________
+ cos x )
sin x 53. The given integral is
​  ​  ​ dx
_________ _________

(
2 sin (x/2) cos (x/2)
= Ú tan–1 ​ ________________
​    
2cos2(x/2)
 ​ 
   ​ dx
)
Ú tan –1
( ÷​ (1 + sin x) ​  + ​÷_________
​ ______________________
​  _________    
(1 – sin x) ​
    ​  ​  dx
÷​ (1 + sin x) ​ – ÷​ (1 + sin x) ​ )
(
( ( ) ( )) ( ( ) ( ))
)
x x x x
= Ú tan–1 [tan (x/2)] dx ​ cos ​ __
​   ​  ​  + sin ​ __
​   ​  ​  ​ + ​ cos ​ __
​   ​  ​ – sin ​ __
​   ​  ​  ​
2 2 2 2
= Ú tan –1
​ ​ __________________________________
    
     ​ ​ dx

x
= Ú ​ __()
​   ​  ​ dx
2
( ( ) ( )) ( ( )
x
​ cos ​ __
​   ​  ​ + sin ​ __
2
x
2 2
x
​   ​  ​  ​ – ​ cos ​ __
x
​   ​  ​ – sin ​ __ ( ))
​   ​  ​  ​
2

( )
cos ​( __ ​   ​ )​
x
x2
= __
​   ​ + c 2
4 = Ú tan ​ _______
–1
​  x  ​  ​ dx
51. The given integral is sin ​( __ ​   ​ )​
2
Ú tan–1 ​( _______
1 – sin x )
​ 
cos x
​  ​ dx = Ú tan ​[ cot ​( __
–1
​   ​ )​ ]​ dx
x
2

( )
p
= Ú tan  ​ ​ 
–1
sin ​ __
2
_____________
(
​   ​ – x ​
       ​  ​ dx
) = Ú tan ​[ tan ​( __
–1
2 2 )]
p x
​   ​ – __
      ​   ​  ​  ​ dx
p
1 – cos ​ __ (
​   ​ – x ​
2 ) p x
= Ú ​( __
2 2)
​   ​ – __
​   ​  ​ dx

( )
p x p x
= Ú tan–1
2 sin ​ __(
​   ​ – __
4 2
​ ​ _____________________
) ( )
​   ​  ​ cos ​ __
   
​   ​ – __
4 2
  
​   ​  ​
 ​  ​ dx p x x2
p x = ___
​   ​ – __
​   ​ + c
( )
2sin2 ​ __ ​   ​ – __
4 2
​   ​  ​ 2 4
54. The given integral is
= Ú tan ( ( ))
p x
–1
​ cot ​ ​ __ ​ – __​   ​  ​  ​ dx
4 2 Ú tan–1 (sec x + tan x)dx
= Ú tan ​( tan ​( __
4 2 ))) ( )
p p x
–1
​   ​ – (​ __
​   ​ – __ ​   ​  ​  ​  ​ dx
1 + sin x
= Ú tan–1 ​ ​ _______
2 cos x ​  ​ dx

( )
p
= Ú tan ​( tan ​( __
–1
4 2 ))
p x
​   ​ + __
​   ​  ​  ​ dx

1 + cos ​ __ ​   ​ – x ​
2
= Ú tan–1  ​ ​  _____________   
  
(
 ​  ​ dx
)
p

p x
= Ú ​( __
4 2)
​   ​ + __
​   ​  ​ dx
__
sin ​ ​   ​ – x ​
2 ( )

( )
p x
(
p x x2
= ​ ___
​   ​ + __
​   ​ + c ​ )
2cos2 ​ __ ​   ​ – __
4 2
= Ú tan–1  ​​ ____________________
      
(
​   ​  ​ )
 ​  ​ dx
4 4 p x p x
52. The given integral is
2sin ​ __
4 2 ( ) ( )
​   ​ – __
​   ​  ​ cos ​ __
​   ​ – __
4 2
​   ​  ​

Ú tan–1 ​( ​ 1_______
cos x ​ )​ dx
– sin x
= Ú tan–1 ​[ cot ​( __
4 2 )]
p x
​   ​ – __
​   ​  ​  ​ dx

( )
p
= Ú tan–1
1 – cos ​ __
​ ​ _____________
(
​   ​ – x ​
2
     
)
 ​  ​ dx
= Ú tan–1 ​[ tan ​{ __
p
2 4 2 )} ]
p x
​   ​ – (​ __
​   ​ – __ ​   ​  ​  ​   ​dx
p
sin ​ __(
​   ​ – x ​
2 ) p
= Ú ​ __
​   ​ +( x
__
)
​   ​  ​ dx

( )
p x 4 2
= Ú tan–1 ​ ​ 
2sin2 ​ __
_____________________
( ​   ​ – __
4 2
      
​   ​  ​ )  ​  ​ dx p x x2
p x p x = ​ ___ ​ + __
(
2 sin ​ __
​   ​  – __
4 2 ) (
​   ​  ​ cos ​ __​   ​ – __
4 2 )
​   ​  ​

4
​   ​ + c
4
55. The given integral is
( (
= Ú tan–1 ​ tan ​ __
p x
​   ​ – __ ))
​   ​  ​  ​ dx
Ú tan–1 ​( _________
1 + cos 2x )
4 2 sin 2x
​  ​  ​ dx
p x
= Ú ​ __( )
​   ​ – __
4 2
​   ​  ​ dx

p x x2
= ​ ___ ​ – __
4
​   ​ + c
4

(
2sin x cos x
= Ú tan–1 ​ _________
​ 
2cos2x
​  ​ dx
)
 Indefinite Integrals 1.47
_____ _____
= Ú tan–1 (tan x) dx (​÷x + 2 ​  + ​÷x + 1 ​) dx
= Ú ​_________________   
    ​
(x + 2) – (x + 1)
= Ú x dx
_____ _____
x 2 = Ú (​÷x + 2 ​ + ÷
​ x + 1 ​) dx
= __
​   ​ + c
2 2 2
= __
​   ​ (x + 2)3/2 + __
​   ​ (x + 1)3/2 + c
3 3
56. We have,
(3x + 2)2 66. We have,
Ú (3x + 2) dx = Ú ​________
2.3
 ​ + c
dx
(3x + 2)2
Ú _________________
​ ______   ______     ​
(​÷2x + 5 ​  – ​÷2x + 3 ​)
= Ú ​________
 ​ + c
6 ______ ______
57. We have, (​÷2x + 5 ​ + ÷​ 2x + 3 ​)dx
= Ú​ __________________________________
_____     
   
______ ______ ______  ​
dx 1 (​÷x + 5 ​ – ÷
​ 2x + 3 ​) (​÷2x + 5 ​ + ÷
​ 2x + 3 ​)
Ú ______
​
2x – 3
 ​ = __
​   ​ log |2x – 3| + c
2 ______ ______
(​÷2x + 5 ​  + ​÷2x + 3 ​) dx
58. We have, = Ú ____________________
​    
     ​
dx (2x + 5) – (2x + 3)
1
Ú ______
​
5 – 2x
​ = – ​ __ ​ log |5 – 2x| + c
2 1 ______ ______
​   ​ Ú (​÷2x + 5 ​ + ÷
= __ ​ 2x + 3 ​) dx
59. We have, 2

( )
ax + b 1 2 __ 1 2 1
e = ​ __ ​ ​ __
​   ​ × ​   ​ (2x + 5)3/2 + __
​   ​ × __
Ú eax + bdx = _____
​  a ​ + c
2 3 2 3 2
​   ​ (2x + 3)3/2 ​ + c

60. We have, 1
= __
​   ​ ((2x + 5)3/2 + (2x + 3)3/2) + c
3 4x + 5 6
Ú 34x + 5dx = _____
​ 
4log 3
 ​ + c
67. The given integral is
61. We have, dx
sin (5x + 3)
Ú ​÷​_______________
______     ​
______
3x + 4 ​ – ​÷3x + 1 ​
Ú cos (5x + 3) dx = ​ __________
5
 ​
   + c ______ ______
(​÷3x + 2 ​  + ​÷3x + 1 ​)
62. We have, = Ú __________________
​   
    ​ dx
(3x + 4 – 3x– 1)
cos 2x
Ú sin 2x dx = – ​ _____
 ​ + c 1 ______ ______
2 ​   ​ Ú (​÷3x + 4 ​ + ÷
= __ ​ 3x + 1 ​) dx
3
63. We have,

______
Ú ​÷3x + 2 ​dx = ​ _________
3
__
(3x + 2)3/2
 ​ + c
​   ​ ◊ 3

3 (
1 (3x + 4)
= __
9/2
3/2
​   ​  ​ ​ _________
(3x + 1)3/2
 ​ + ​ _________
9/2
 ​  ​ + c )
2
68. The given integral is
2
= ​ __ ​ (3x + 2)3/2 + c dx
9 Ú _________________
​ ______   ______
   ​
​÷2x + 3 ​ + ​÷2x – 3 ​
64. We have, ______ ______
1
​ __ ​ (​÷2x + 3 ​  – ​÷2x – 3 ​)
1
– ​ __ ​ (3x + 4​)​2 ​ = Ú​  _________________
  
   ​ dx
Ú (3x + 4​)​ 2 ​  dx = ​ ________
1
__
 ​ + c (2x + 3 – 2x + 3)
​   ​ ◊ 3
2 1 ______ ______
1
​   ​ Ú (​÷2x + 3 ​ – ÷
= __ ​ 2x – 3 ​) dx
2 __ 6
= ​ __ ​ (3x +
​   ​
4​)​2 ​ + c

65. We have,
3
(
1 (2x + 3)
= __
3/2
​   ​  ​ ​ _________
6 3
(2x – 3)3/2
 ​ – ​ _________
3
 ​  ​ + c )
dx 69. The given integral is
Ú ______________
​ _____     ​
_____
dx _____ __
​÷x + 2 ​  – ​÷x + 1 ​
_____ _____
Ú ​÷__________
​ _____   __ ​ = Ú (​÷x + 1 ​ – ÷
x + 1 ​ + ÷
​ x​
​ x ​)dx
(​÷x + 2 ​ + ÷ ​ x + 1 ​) dx
= ​Ú _______________________________
_____     
   
_____ _____ _____  ​ 2
(​÷x + 2 ​  – ​÷x + 1 ​) (​÷x + 2 ​ + ÷
​ x + 1 ​) = __
​   ​ ((x + 1)3/2 – (x)3/2 ) + c
3
1.48 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

70. The given integral is 74. We have,

dx x
Ú ​÷______________
​ _____     ​
_____
x + a ​  + ​÷x + b ​
Ú _______
​ ______  ​ dx
​÷3x + 1 ​

( )
_____

( )
_____
​ x + a ​ – ​÷x + b ​ t2 – 1

÷
= Ú ​ ​______________  
   ​  ​ dx ​ ​ _____
 ​  ​
x+a–x–b 3
= Ú ​_______​ × 2t dt,
t
Let 3x + 1 = t2
_____ _____ 2t dt

1
= ______
​   ​  Ú (​÷x + a ​ – ÷
​ x + b ​) dx

fi  dx = ____
​   ​
(a – b) 3
2
​   ​  Ú (t2 – 1) dt
= __
2 3
= _______
​   ​ ((x + a)3/2 – (x + b)3/2) + c
3(a – b)
71. The given integral is
2 t3
= __
3 3 ( )
​   ​ ​ __
​   ​ – t ​ + c

( )
dx
Ú ​÷______________________
​ _________       _________  ​
2x + 2014 ​  + ​÷2x + 3013 ​
2 (3x + 1)
= __
3/2
​   ​ ​ ​ _________
 ​ – ÷
______
​ 3x + 1 ​  ​ + c
3 3
_________ _________
​÷2x + 2014 ​ – ​÷2x + 2013 ​ 75. We have,
= Ú _______________________
​    
    ​dx
(2x + 2014 – 2x – 2013) +1
x______
Ú ​_______
÷
 ​ dx
​ 2x + 1 ​
_________ _________
= Ú (​÷2x + 2014 ​ – ​÷2x + 2013 ​) dx Let 2x – 1 = t2
1 fi 2 dx = 2t dt
= __
​   ​ [(2x + 2014)3/2 – (2x + 2013)3/2] + c
3 fi dx = t dt
(t2 + 1)
72. We have,
2
\ = Ú ​______
2t
​t dt
x (t______
+ 1)
Ú ÷​ x – 1 ​ Ú t ​ × 2t dt.   
______
​ _____  ​ 
d x = ​

1
​   ​ Ú (t2 + 1) dt
= __
Let x – 1 = t2 2

fi  dx = 2t dt

= 2 Ú ( 2 + 1) dt

1 t3
= __ ( )
​   ​ ​ __
2 3
​   ​ + t ​ + c

( )
t3
= 2 ​ __
​   ​ + t ​ + c

2 (
1 (2x – 1)
= __
3
3/2
​   ​ ​ ​ _________ )
 ​ + (2x – 1)1/2 ​ + c
3 76. We have,

((x – 1)
= 2 ​ ​ ________
3
2/3
 ​ + ÷
_____
​ x – 1 ​  ​ + c )

x–1
Ú ​​÷______
_____  ​ dx
x + 4 ​
Let x + 4 = t 2
73. We have,
__ fi dx = 2t dt
​ x​ t
Ú _____  ​ dx = Ú _____
÷
​ ​2  ​ ◊ 2t dt, Let x = t2

x+1 t + 1
fi  dx = 2t dt = ( 2
–5
Ú ​ ​ t_____
t )
​  ​ × t dt

t2 = Ú (t2 – 5) dt
= 2 Ú ​_____  ​ dt
t2 + 1
2
(t + 1 – 1)
(
t3
= ​ __ )
​   ​ – 5t ​ + c
3
=2 Ú ​__________
  
t2 + 1
 ​dt
(x – 1)3/2
= ​ ________
 ​ – 5(x – 1)1/2 + c

( )
1 3
= 2 Ú ​ 1 – _____
​  2  ​  ​ dt
t +1 77. We have,
x
= 2 (t – tan–1t) + c Ú _____
​2
x +1
 ​ dx
__ __
= 2 (​÷x ​ – tan–1(​÷x ​)) + c Let x2 + 1 = t
 Indefinite Integrals 1.49

fi 2x dx = dt Let xex = t

1
fi x dx = __
​   ​ dt fi (xe x + ex) dx = dt
2
fi (x + 1) ex dx = dt
1 dt
​   ​ Ú __
= __ ​ ​ dt
2 t = Ú _____
​ 2​
1 cos t
= __
​   ​ log |t| + c
2
= Ú sec2t dt
1
= ​ __ ​ log |x2 + 1| + c
2 = tan t + c
78. We have,
= tan(xex) + c
cos x – sin x
Ú ​sin
__________
   ​dx
x + cos x 82. We have,
dx
Let sin x + cos x = t Ú _________
​
x (l + ln x)2
 ​
fi (cos x – sin x)dx = dt
dt Let 1 + ln x = t
= Ú
__
​ ​
t 1
fi ​__
x ​dx = dt
= log |t| + c
dt
= log |sin x + cos x| + c = __
​ 2 ​
t
79. We have, 1
= – ​ __​ + c
3cos x t
Ú 2sin
________
​
x+5
 ​ dx
1
= – ​ __​ + c
t
Let 2 sin x + 5 = t
1
fi 2 cos x dx = dt = – ​ _______​ + c
1 + ln x
1
fi cos x dx = __​   ​ dt 83. We have,
2
cos x – sin x + 1 – x

3 dt
​   ​ Ú __
= __ ​ ​
t
Ú _________________
​    ​dx
  
ex + sin x + x
2
3 (e x + cos x + 1) – (ex + sin x + x)
= __
​   ​ log |t| + c = Ú ​____________________________
         ​dx
2 ex + sin x + x

80. We have,
3
= ​ __ ​ log |2sin x + 5| + c
2 (
(e x + cos x + 1)
= Ú ​ ​ _____________
x   
e + sin x + x
(ex + sin x + x)
   ​ – ​  _____________
  
    ​  ​ dx
(e x + cos x + 1) )
Ú( )
cos x – sin x cos x – sin x (ex + cos x + 1) (ex + sin x + x)
Ú ​__________
   ​dx = Ú ​_____________
    ​ dx
   = ​ ​_____________
x    ​  – ​ _____________
     
    ​  ​ dx
2 + sin 2x 1 + (1 + sin 2x) (e + sin x + x) (ex + sinx + x)      

Ú( )
cosx – sin x
= Ú​________________ (ex + cos x + 1)
      ​dx =   ​ ​_____________
  
   ​ – 1 ​ dx
1 + (sin x + cos x)2 (e x + sin x + x)
Let sin x + cos x = t = log |ex + sin x + x| – x + c
fi (cos x – sin x) dx = dt 84. We have,
dx e– x

dt
= Ú ​_____2 ​ Ú _____
​
1 + ex
​ = Ú ______
​ –x
e +1
 ​ dx
1+t
Let e– x + 1 = t
= tan–1(t) + c
fi – e– xdx = dt
–1
= tan (t) + c
dt
= – Ú ____
​  ​
81. We have, t+1
xe x + ex (x + 1)ex = – log |t + 1| + c
Ú ​________
cos2(xe x)
 ​ dx = Ú ​_________
cos2 (x e x)
 ​  dx
= – log |e– x + 1| + c
1.50 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

85. We have, = Ú (cot 3x – cot 5x) dx

dx x2dx
Ú ________
​ 3
x (x + 1)
 ​ = Ú ________
​3 3
x (x + 1)
 ​

1
= __
1
​   ​ log |sin 3x| – __
​   ​ log |sin 5x| + c
3 5
1 dt 89. We have,
​   ​ Ú ______
= __ ​  ​ Put x3 = t
3 t(t + 1) dx
Ú __________________
​       ​
sin (x – a) sin (x – b)

1 1 ____
3 (
​   ​ Ú ​ __
= __ ​  ​  – ​ 
t t+1
1
)
 ​  ​ dt
1 sin (b – a)dx
= _________
​   ​  Ú​__________________
       ​
sin (b – a) sin (x – a) sin (x – b)

1
= __
3 t+1| |
t
​   ​ log ​ ____
​   ​  ​ + c
1
= _________
​ 
sin ((x – a) – (x – b)) dx
 ​ Ú ​____________________
    ​
   

| |
1 x3 sin (b – a) sin (x – a) sin (x – b)
= __
​   ​ log ​ _____
  

​  3  ​  ​ + c
3 x +1 1
= _________
​   ​
86. We have, sin (b – a)

​ 4
dx
Ú ________
x (x + 1)
 ​ = Ú ________
​4 4
x (x + 1)
x3dx
 ​ ( ​ 
sin (x – a) cos (x – b) – cos (x – a)sin (x – b)
Ú ​ ______________________________________
          
sin (x – a) sin (x – b)
 ​  ​ dx )
1 dt
= ​ __ ​ Ú ​_______  ​ 1
sin (b – a) Ú
Let x4 = t = _________
​   ​ [cot (x – b) – cot (x – a)] dx
4 t (t + 1)
dt
fi x3dx = ​ __ ​
4 1
= _________
​   ​ [log |sin (x – b)| – log |sin (x – a)|] + c
sin (b – a)

1
(
1
= ​ __ ​ Ú ​ __
1
)
​  ​ – ​ ____  ​  ​ dt
4 t t+1 1
= _________
​ 
sin (b – a) ( |
sin (x – b)
 ​ ​ log ​_________
​ 
sin (x – a)
 ​  ​  ​ + c
|)

1
= __
4
​ 
t+1| |
t
​   ​ log ​ ____  ​  ​ + c
90. The given integral is

87. We have,
1
= __
4 | |
​   ​ log ​ _____
​  4
x +1
x4
 ​  ​ + c

ex – e– x
Ú ​_______
ex + e–x
​dx

Let ex + e– x = t
fi (ex – e– x) dx = dt
dx x4dx
Ú x________
​ 5
(x – 1)
 ​ = Ú ​________
x5(x5 – 1)
 ​ =
dt
Ú __
​ ​
t
= log |t| + c
1 dt
= ​ __ ​ Ú ______
​  ​ Let x5 = t
5 t (t – 1) = log |e x + e–x| + c
dx __ dt
​ ___ x ​ = ​ 5t ​ 91. The given integral is

1
​   ​ Ú ​ ____
= __
5 t–1 t
​ 
1 1
 ​ – __ (
​  ​  ​ dt ) ​
dx
Ú 1______
+ e– x
​ = Ú ______
​x
e +1
ex
 ​ dx = log |ex+ 1| + c

1
= __
t–1
| |
​   ​ log ​ ​ ____​  ​ + c
5 t
92. The given integral is
dx e– xdx
Ú 1_____ ​ = Ú ______

| |
5 ​ ​  ​
1 x –1 + ex e– x + 1
= __
​   ​ log ​ ​ _____ ​  ​ + c
5 x5 = – log |e– x + 1| + c
88. We have,

sin 2x
Ú __________
​
sin (5x – 3x)
   ​  dx = Ú ___________
sin 5x sin 3x
​   
  ​  dx
sin 5x sin 3x

| |
​  x
e +1
ex
= log ​ _____  ​  ​ + c

93. The given integral is

sin 5x cos 3x – cos 5x sin 3x sin 2x
= Ú ​______________________
   
sin 5x sin 3x
  ​  dx Ú a_____________
​ 2    ​dx
sin x + b cos2x
= Ú ​( __________
​ 
sin 5x sin 3x )
sin 5x cos 3x __________
cos 5x sin 3x
   ​ – ​ 
sin 5x sin 3x
   ​  ​ dx Let a sin2x + b cos2x = t
 Indefinite Integrals 1.51

(a – b) sin 2x dx = dt 98. The given integral is

1 + tan x

dt
sin 2x dx = ______
​   ​
Ú ​__________
   ​dx
x + log sec x
(a – b)
Let x + log sec x = t
1 dt
(a – b) Ú t
= ______
​   ​ __
​ ​ fi (1 + tan x) dx = dt
dt
1 = Ú __
​ ​
= ______
​   ​ log |t| + c t
(a – b)
= log |t| + c
1
= ______
​   ​ log |a cos2x + b sin2x| + c = log |x + log (sec x)| + c
(a – b)
      

99. The given integral is

94. The given integral is
sin 2x sin(5x – 3x)

sin (x – a)
Ú _________
​
sin x cos a – cos x sin a
​dx = Ú ​__________________
    ​  dx Ú __________
​   ​dx = Ú ___________
sin 3x sin 5x
​   
   ​dx
sin 3x sin 5x
sin x sin x     

= Ú (cos a – sin a cot x) dx

sin 5x cos 3x – cos 5x sin 3x
= Ú ​______________________
      

      ​dx
sin 3x sin 5x
= x cos a = sin a log |sin x| + c
95. The given integral is = Ú (cot 3x – cot 5x) dx
sin x sin (t + a)
Ú sin
________
​
(x – a)
 ​ dx = Ú _________
​
sin t
​  dt,

1
= __
1
​   ​ log |sin 3x| – __
​   ​ log |sin 5x| + c
3 5
Let t = x – a 100. The given integral is
fi dt = dx
cos x – sin x (cos x – sin x)
= t cos a + sina log |sin t| + c  
Ú ___________
​    ​dx = Ú ​________________
  
1 + sin 2x
      ​ dx
1 + (sin x + cos x)2
= (x – a) cos a + sin a log |sin(x – a)| + c
96. The given integral is Put (sin x + cos x) = t

sin (x + a) fi (cos x – sin x) dx = dt

Ú ​_________  ​ dx
sin (x + b) dt
= Ú _____
​  ​
1 + t2
sin [t + (a – b)]
= Ú ​_____________
   ​dt, Let t = (x + b) = tan–1(t) + c
sin t
fi dt = dx = tan–1(sin x + cos x) + c
sin (t) cos (a – b) + cos t sin (a – b)
= Ú ​_____________________________
       ​dt 101. The given integral is
sin t
dx (sin2x + cos2x) dx
= Ú (cos (a – b) + sin (a – b) cot t) dt
Ú _________
​
sin x cos2x
​ = Ú ​______________
  
sin x cos2x
  ​

= t cos (a – b) + sin (a – b) log |sin t| + c = Ú (sec x tan x + cosec x)dx

= (x + b) cos (a – b) + sin (a – b) log |sin (x + b)| + c
97. The given integral is

|x
= sec x + log ​ tan ​ __ ( )|
​   ​  ​  ​ + c
2
dx 102. The given integral is
Ú ​÷__________
​ __ __     ​
x ​(​÷x ​ + 1) __ dx (sin2x + cos2x)
Let (​÷x ​ + 1) = t Ú _________
​ 2
sin x cos2x
​ = Ú ​____________
  
  ​dx
sin2x ◊ cos2x
dx
fi ​ ______  ​= dt
2​÷x ​ = Ú (sec2x + cosec2x) dx
dx
fi ​ ___
__  ​= 2dt
​ x​
÷ = tan x – cot x + c.
dt 103. The given integral is
=2 Ú __
​ ​
t
dx
= 2 log |t| + c Ú sin
__________________
​        ​
x (x – a) sin (x – b)
__
= 2 log |​÷x ​ + 1| + c
1.52 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

1 sin (a – b)
= _________
​   ​ Ú ​_________________
      ​dx = log |t| + c
sin (a – b) sin (x – a) sin (x – b)
= log |xx + 1| + c
1 sin [(x – b) – (x – a)]
sin (a – b) Ú sin (x – a) sin (x – b)
= _________
​   ​ ___________________
​        ​dx 107. The given integral is
cos x – sin x + 1 – x
​ 
1
= _________  ​
Ú _________________
​    ​ dx
  
ex + sin x + x
sin (a – b)
(cos x + 1) – (sin x + x)
sin (x – b) cos (x – a) – cos (x – b)sin (x – a) = Ú ​____________________
      
 ​ dx
Ú ______________________________________
​            ​
sin (x – a) sin (x – b) dx
(e x + sin + x)

1 (ex + cos x + 1) – (ex + sin x + x)

sin (a – b) Ú Ú ​_____________________________
= _________
​   ​ [cot (x – a) – cot (x – b)] dx =           ​ dx
(ex + sin x + x)
                 

​ 
1
= _________
sin (a – b)
 ​ [log |sin (x – a)| – log |sin (x – b)|] + c ( (ex + cos x + 1)
= Ú ​​ ________________
  
    ​  ​ dx
(ex + sin x + x) – 1 )
​ 
1
= _________
sin (a – b) ( |
sin (x – a)
sin (x – b) |)
 ​ ​ log ​ ​ ________  ​  ​  ​ + c = log |ex + sin x + x| – x + c
108. The given integral is
104. The given integral is
sin3x
​
dx
Ú _________________
       ​
Ú __________________________________
​ 4          ​ dx
(cos x + 3cos2x + 1) tan–1(sec x + cos x)
cos (x – a) cos (x – b)
sin (a – b) Let tan–1(sec x + cos x) = t
1
= _________
​   ​ Ú ​_________________
      ​dx
sin (a – b) cos (x – a) cos (x – b) sec x tan x – sin x
fi ​ ________________
    ​dx = dt
  
1 sin [(x – b) – (x – a)] 1 + (sec x + cos x)2
sin (a – b) Ú cos (x – a) cos (x – b)
= _________
​   ​ ___________________
​         ​dx
sin3x
fi ​ ______________________
       ​ dx = dt
1 cos2x (1 + (sec x + cos x)2)
sin (a – b) Ú
= _________
​   ​ [tan(x – b) – tan (x – a)] dx
sin3x
1
= _________
​   ​ [– log |cos (x – b)| + log |cos (x – a)|] + c fi ​ ____________________
     ​dx = dt
  
sin (a – b) cos x (sec x + cos2x + 3)
2 2

​ 
1
= _________
sin (a – b) ( | cos (x – a)
cos (x – b) |)
 ​ ​ log ​ ​ _________  ​  ​  ​ + c
sin3x
fi ​ _________________
       ​dx = dt
(cos x + 3cos2x + 1)
4

105. The given integral is dt

= Ú __
​ ​
t
dx
Ú sin
_________________
​        ​
(x – a) cos (x – b) = log |t| + c

cos (a – b) = log |tan–1(sec x + cos x)| + c

1
cos (a – b) Ú sin (x – a)cos (x – b)
= _________
​   ​ ​_________________
      ​ dx
109. We have,

1 cos [(x – b) – (x – a)] Ú 3x3sin (x3) dx = Ú sin(t) dt where x3 = t

cos (a – b) Ú
= _________
​   ​  ___________________
​        ​dx
sin (x – a) cos (x – b) = – cos (t) + c
1 = – cos (x3) + c
cos (a – b) Ú
= _________
​   ​ [tan (x – b) tan (x – b)]dx
110. We have,

​ 
1
= _________
cos (a – b) ( | cos (x – a)
 ​ ​ log ​ ​ _________  ​  ​  ​ + c
cos (x – b) |)
(1 + ln x)3
Ú ​_________
x ​dx = Ú t3dt Let (1 + ln x) = t
dx
fi ___
​ x ​ = dt
106. The given integral is
t4
x = __
​   ​ + c
x (1 + ln x) dt 4
Ú __________
​ x   
x +1
 ​ dx = Ú __
​ ​,   Let t = xx
t
(1 + ln x)4
= ​ _________
 ​ + c
4
 Indefinite Integrals 1.53

111. We have, 114. The given integral is

dx dx
Ú __________
​2    ​ = Ú _______________
​     ​ Ú tan3x ◊ sec2x dx
x (1 + x4)3/4 1
2 4 __
3/4
(( ))
x  ​​ x  ​ ​  4 ​ + 1 ​  ​​ ​
x Let tan x = t

dx fi sec2x dx = dt
= Ú ___________
​     ​
(
5 __ 1
)
3/4
x  ​​ ​  4 ​ + 1 ​​ ​
x
= Ú t3dt
t4
= __
​   ​ + c

4t3
= – Ú ___
​ 3 ​ dt, Let ​ __
t
1
​  4 ​ + 1 ​ = t4
x ( ) 4
tan4x
– 4 dx = _____
​   ​ + c
fi _____
​ 5 ​ = t3dt 4
x 115. The given integral is
= – 4 Ú dt
Ú sin3x ◊ cos x dx
= – 4t + c
= Ú t3dt, Let t = sin x

(
= – 4 ​​ __
1
)
1/4
​  4 ​ + 1 ​​ ​ + c
x

t4
fi dt = cos x dx
= __
​   ​ + c
4
112. We have,
sin4x
dx = _____
​   ​ + c
Ú ÷​​__________
__    __
x ​(4 + 3 ​÷x ​)2
4
__ 116. The given integral is
 ​ Let 4 + 3​÷x ​ = t
3 (log x)3
fi ____
​ __ ​ dx = dt
2​÷x ​
Ú x ​  dx
______
​

fi
dx
___
​ __ ​ =
2
__
​   ​ dt = Ú t3dt, Let t = log x
​ x​
÷ 3 dx
fi dt = ___​  x ​
2 dt
​   ​ Ú
= __ __
​ 2 ​
t4
= __
​   ​ + c
3 t 4
2 1
= –  ​ __ ​ × __ (log x)4

3
​  ​ + c
t = ______
​   ​ + c
4
2 1
= __
​   ​ × ________
​  __  ​ + c 117. The given integral is
3 (4 + 3​÷x ​)
sin x
Ú __________
​ _________
    ​dx
​÷3 + 2cos x ​
113. We have,
Let 3 + 2 cos x = t2
Ú ​3​3​ ​ ​​◊ ​33​ ​◊ 3xdx
3x x

fi – 2 sin x dx = 2t dt
Let 3 x = t
1 fi sin x dx = – t dt
fi 3xdx = _____
​   ​ dt
loge 3 t dt
= – Ú ___
​ ​
t
1
log3 Ú
= ____
t
​   ​ 3​ 3​ ​◊ 3tdt
= – Ú dt
1
= ______  ​ Ú ​33​ ​ ◊ 3tdt,
t
​  Let 3t = v = –t + c
(log3)2 _________
fi logs 3dt = dv = – ​÷3 + 2 cos x ​ + c
118. The given integral is
3v ________
= ______
​   ​ + c
÷​ 2 + log x ​
(log3)3 Ú ​_________
x    ​  dx
3x
​3​3​ ​ ​​ Let 2 + log x = t2
= ______
​   ​ + c
(log3)3 dx
fi ​ ___
x ​ = 2t dt
1.54 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

= Ú (t ◊ 2t) dt 122. The given integral is

= 2  Ú t2 dt sin x – cos x

Ú ​__________
   ​dx
ex + sin x

t3
= 2 ​ __
3 ()
​  ​  ​ + c
=
(ex + sin x) – (ex + cos x)
Ú ​_____________________
     ​ dx
  
2 (ex + sin x)
= __
​   ​ [(2 + log x)3/2] + c

( )
3 (e x
+ cos x)
119. The given integral is = Ú ​ 1 – _________
​  x    ​  ​ dx
(e + sin x)
dx
Ú 1______
​
+÷
__ ​
​ x​
= (x – log |ex + sin x| + c)

Let x = t2 123. The given integral is

fi dx = 2t dt d x2dx
2t
Ú x________
​
(1 + x3)
 ​ = Ú ________
​3 3  ​
= Ú ____
​ ​dt x (x + 1)
1+t
1 dt
​   ​ Ú _______
= __ ​  ​, Let t = x3

1+t
1
(
= 2 Ú ​ 1 – ​ ____ ​  ​ dt )
3 t (t + 1)
fi dt = 3x2
= 2 (t – log |1 + t|) + c

__
= 2 (​÷x ​ – log |1 + ÷
​ x ​|) + c
__
1
3
1
​   ​ Ú ​ __
= __ (
​ ​ – ____
t t+1
​ 
1
)
 ​  ​ dt
120. The given integral is
Ú x3sin x4 dx

1
3
​ 
t+1| |
t
= ​ __ ​ log ​ ____  ​  ​ + C

Let x4 = t
fi 4x3dx = dt

124. We have,
1
= __
3
​  3
x +1| |
x3
​   ​ log ​ _____  ​  ​ + C

dt
fi x3dx = __
​   ​
4 Ú sin3 x cos4 x dx
1
​   ​ Ú sin (t)dt
= __
4 = Ú (1 – cos2x)cos4x sin x dx
1
= – ​ __ ​ cos (t) + c = – Ú (1 – t2) t4dt Let cos x = t
4
1 fi sin xdx = dt
= – ​ __ ​ cos (x4) + c
4
= Ú (t6 – t4) dt
121. The given integral is

Ú ​5​
x
5​ 5​ ​ 5x
​ ◊ ​5​ ​ ◊ 5 dx x (
t7 t5
= ​ __
​   ​ – __
7 5 )
​   ​  ​ dt

Put 5x = t
dt
(
cos7x cos5x
= ​ _____
​   ​ – ​ _____
7 5
 ​  ​ + c )
fi 5xdx = ____
​   ​
log 5
1 127. We have,
= ​ ____ ​ Ú ​55​ ​ ◊ 5tdt
t

log5 Ú sin2x cos3x dx = Ú sin2x(1 – sin2x) cos x dx
1
= ______
​   ​Ú 5z ◊ dz, z = 5t = Ú t2(1 – t2) dt, Let sin x = t
(log5)2
fi cos xdx = dt
1
2 Ú
= ______
​   ​ 5z ◊ dz
(log5) = Ú (t2 – t4) dt

​ 
5z
= ______
(log5)3
 ​ + c (
t3 t5
= ​ ​ __ ​ – __
3 5 )
​   ​  ​ + c

( )
5x
​5​5​ ​ ​​ sin3x sin5x
= ______
​   ​ + c = ​ _____
​   ​ – ​ _____
 ​  ​ + c
(log5)3 3 5
 Indefinite Integrals 1.55

130. We have, = Ú (t4 – 2t2 + 1)dt

Ú sin3x cos3x dx

= Ú sin x (1 – sin )cos x dx

3 2
(t5
= ​ __
​   ​ –
5
2
__
3 )
​   ​ t3 + t ​ + c

= Ú t (1 – t ) dt
3 2
Let sin x = t
(sin5x 2
= ​ _____
​   ​ – ​ __ ​ sin3x + sin x ​ + c
5 3 )
fi cos xdx = dt 142. We have,

= Ú (t3 – t5) dt Ú sin4 x dx = __​ 14 ​ Ú (2 sin2x)2dx

1
​   ​ Ú (1 – cos 2x)2dx
= __
( sin3x sin5x
= ​ _____
​   ​ – ​ _____
3 5 )
 ​  ​ + c 4
1
​   ​ Ú (1 – 2 cos 2x + cos22x) dx
= __
134. we have, 4
1 1
Ú sin2x cos2x dx = __​ 14 ​ Ú (2 sin2x) (2 cos2x)dx ​   ​ Ú (1 – 2 cos 2x)dx + __
= __ ​   ​ Ú (2cos22x) dx
4 8
1 1

1
​   ​ Ú (1 – cos 2x) (1 – cos 2x)dx
= __ ​   ​ Ú (1 – 2 cos 2x) dx + __
= __ ​   ​ Ú (1 + cos 4x) dx
4 4 8

1
​   ​ Ú (1 – cos22x)dx
= __
1
4 ( 2 sin 2x
​   ​ Ú ​ x – ______
= __ ​   ​  ​ + __
2 ) (
1 sin 4x
​   ​ ​ x + _____
8 )
​   ​  ​ + c
4
4 3 1 1
= __
​   ​ x – __
​   ​ sin 2x + ___
​   ​ sin 4 x + c
1 8 4 32
​   ​ Ú sin22x dx
= __
4
145. We have,
1
​   ​ Ú 2 sin22x dx
= __
8 Ú cos6x dx = __​ 18 ​ Ú (2 cos2x)3dx
1
​   ​ Ú (1 – cos 4x) dx
= __ 1
8 = ​ __ ​ Ú (1 + cos 2x)3dx
8

1
= __
8 ( sin 4x
​   ​ ​ x – _____ )
​   ​  ​ + c
4 1
​   ​ Ú (1 + 3 cos 2x + 3 cos22x + cos32x) dx
= __
8
135. We have,
1 3
​   ​ Ú (1 + 3 cos 2x) dx + ___
= __ ​   ​ Ú (2 cos22x) dx
Ú sin3x dx = Ú sin2x ◊ sin x dx 8 16
   

1
= Ú (1 – cos2x) ◊ sin x dx + ​ ___ ​ Ú (4 cos32x) dx
32
= – Ú (1 – t2)dt, Let cos x = t 1 3
​   ​ Ú (1 + 3 cos 2x)dx + ___
= __ ​   ​ Ú (1 + cos 4x) dx
fi –sin xdx = dt 8 16
1
  + ​ ___ ​ Ú (cos 6x + 3 cos 2x) dx
32
= Ú (t2 – 1)dt

( )
t3
= ​ __
​   ​ – t ​ + c
1
8 (3
= ​ __ ​ ​ x + __
2 ) 3
​   ​ sin 2x ​ + ___ (
sin 4x
​   ​ ​ x + _____
16
​   ​  ​
4 )
3

(
cos
= ​ _____
3
x
)
​   ​ – cos x ​ + c
3

32 (
1 sin 6x __
+ ​ ___ ​ ​ _____
3
)
​   ​ + ​   ​ sin 2x ​ + c
6 2
139. We have, 5 15 3 1
= ​ ___ ​ x + ___
​   ​ sin 2x + ___
​   ​ sin 4x + ____
​   ​ sin 6x + c
16 64 64 192
Ú cos5x dx = Ú cos4x ◊ cos dx
148. We have,
= Ú (1 – sin2x)2 ◊ cos dx
dx
Ú ___________
​ 1/2   ​
= Ú (1 – t ) dt,
2 2
Let sin x = t sin x cos3/2x
fi cos xdx = dt Divide the numerator and the denominator by cos2x,
we get
1.56 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster
t2 t4
sec2x 2t dt = __
​   ​ + __
​   ​ + C
Ú _____
​ ____ ​dx =
​ tan x ​
÷
Ú ____
​
t
​, Let tan x = t 2
2 4

fi sec2 xdx = dt tan2x _____tan4x
= ​ _____
 ​ + ​   ​ + C
2 4
= 2 Ú dt
152. The given integral is
= 2t + c
dx sec8x
=
____
2​÷tan x ​ + c
Ú _________
​ 3
sin x cos5x
​ = Ú _____
​ 3 ​dx
tan x
149. We have,
(1 + tan2x)3sec2

dx
Ú ___________
​ 3/2   ​
= Ú ​_____________
tan3x
   ​dx
sin x cos5/2x
Divide the numerator and the denominator by cos4x, (1 + t2)3
= Ú ​_______
 ​ dt, Let t = tan x
we get t3
fi dt = sec2 xdx
sec4x (1 + tan2x) sec2x
Ú ______
​ 3/2 ​dx =
tan x
Ú ​______________
tan3/2x
    ​  dx
(1 + 3t2 + 3t4 + t6)
= Ú ​_________________
t3
     dt
 ​
(1 + t2)dt


= Ú ​________
t3/2
 ​   Let tan x = t2 (
= Ú ​ __
1 3
​ 3 ​ + __
t
​  ​ + 3t + t3 ​ dt
t )
fi sec2 xdx = dt
1 3t2 t4
= –  ​ ___2 ​ + 3log |t| + ___
​   ​ + __
​   ​ + c
= Ú (t– 3/2 + t1/2)dt 2t 2 4

_
where t = tan x
2
= 2 ​÷t ​ + __
​   ​ t3/2 + c 153. The given integral is
3
____ 2 sin2x dx
= 2 ​÷tan x ​ + __ ​   ​ (tan x)3/2 + c
3
Ú _______
​ 6
cos x
​ = Ú tan2x sec4x dx

150. The given integral is

____ ____
= Ú tan2x (1 + tan2x) sec2x dx
​ tan x ​
÷ ​ tan x ​
÷
Ú ​sin x cos x​dx = Ú ​sin x cos x​dx
________ ________ = Ú t2(1 + t2) dt Let tan x = t
fi sec2 x dx = dt
____
sec2x ÷
​ tan x ​
= Ú __________
​    ​  dx = Ú (t4 + t2) dt
tan x
t 5 t3
sec2x = ​ __ ​ + __
= Ú _____
​ ____ ​dx
​÷tan x ​

5
​   ​ + c
3
tan5x tan3
2t dt = _____
​   ​ + ____
​   ​ + c
= Ú ____
​ ​, Let tan x = t2 5 3
t
154. The given integral is
fi sec2 xdx = 2t dt
dx sec4x
= Ú 2 dt Ú sin
__________
​   ​ = Ú _____
x cos x3x
​
tan x
​  dx

= 2t + c (1 + tan2x)sec2 x
=
_____
2​÷ tan x ​ + c
= Ú ​_____________
tan x
   ​dx

151. The given integral is (1 + t2)

sin x
= Ú ​______​dt   Let tan x = t
t
Ú _____
​ 5 ​dx = Ú sec4x tan x dx
Ú ​( 1 + __​ 1t ​ )​ dt
cos x
=
= Ú (1 + tan2x) tan x sec2x dx t2
= ​ __ ​ + log |t| + c
= Ú (1 + t2) t dt Let tan x = t 2

fi sec2 xdx = dt tan2x
= _____
​   ​ + log |tan x| + c
= Ú (t + t3) dt 2
 Indefinite Integrals 1.57

155. The given integral is

dx sec x 6
(
tan2x
= 2 ​ _____
​   ​ + log |tan x| ​ + C
2 )
Ú _________
​ 2
sin x cos4x
​ = Ú _____
​ 2 ​dx
tan x
158. We have,
(1 + tan2x)2sec2x
= Ú ​______________
    ​dx
​   ​ tan–1 ​( __
​   ​ )​ + c
dx 1dx x
tan2x Ú _____
​2
x +4
 ​ = Ú ______
​  ​ = __
x2 + 22 2 2
(1 + t2)2
= Ú ​_______
 ​dt Let tan x = t 159. We have,
t2
fi sec2 xdx = dt dx 1 dx 1
Ú _______
​ 2 ​   ​  Ú ________
 ​ = __ ​  ​ = __
​   ​ × 3tan–1 (3x) + c

=
(t4 + 2t2 + 1)
Ú ​___________
 ​
   dt
9x + 1 9 2 1 2 9
__
3 ()
x + ​​ ​   ​  ​​ ​
t2 160. We have,
= (
Ú ​ t2 + __​ t12 ​ + 2 ​ dt )
dx
Ú _____
​2
x –4
 ​ = Ú _______
​2
x – (2)2
 ​
dx

t3 1

tan3x
= __
​   ​ – __
3
​  ​ + 2t + c
t
1
= ___
| |
x–2
​   ​ log ​ ​ _____  ​  ​ + c
2.2 x+2
= _____
​   ​ + 2tan x – cot x + c
156. The given integral is
3
1
= __
4 | |
x–2
​   ​ log ​ ​ _____  ​  ​ + c
x+2
x4 – 1
dx sec4x 161. We have Ú ​_____  ​ dx
Ú __________
​ 1
__
​   ​
  7
__
​   ​
​= Ú ÷​_____
​ ____ ​  dx
tan x ​
x2 + 4
si​n​2 ​ x co​s​2 ​ x
(x4 – 16) + 15
(1 + tan x)sec x 2 2 = Ú ​____________
  
x2 + 4
 ​dx
= Ú ​_____________
____ ​  
​÷tan x ​
   dx
((x2 + 4) (x2 – 4)) + 15
(1 + t2)2t = Ú ____________________
​      ​ dx
  
= Ú ​________​dt Let tan x = t x2 + 4
t

= 2 Ú (1 + t2) dt
fi sec2 xdx = dt = ( ​  2
5
Ú ​ x2 – 4 + ______
x + 22
 ​  ​  dx
)
x3
( )t3
= 2 ​ t + __
​   ​  ​ + c
= __
3
5
​   ​ – 4x + __
2
x
​   ​ tan–1 ​ __
​   ​  ​ + c
2 ()
3 162. We have,

( ) tan3x
= 2 ​ tan x + _____
​   ​  ​ + c
3
dx
Ú _______
​ _____  ​= Ú _______
​÷x + 4 ​
2
​ ______  ​
2 2
dx
​÷ x +2  ​
157. The given integral is _____
4 = log (x + ​÷x2 + 4 ​) + c
dx sec x
Ú __________
   ​ = Ú ______
​ _________ ​ 3/2 ​dx
​÷sin x cos x ​
3 5 tan x 163. We have,
(1 + tan2x) sec2x dx 1 dx
= Ú ​______________
  ​dx
   Ú ________ ​   ​ Ú _________
​ ______  ​= __ ​ ________  ​

÷ ()
​÷4x + 1 ​
2 2 1 2
tan3/2x ​ x2 + ​​ __
​   ​  ​​ ​ ​
2
2 ______

| ÷ ​ 14 ​ ​ |​ + c
(1 + t )2t
= Ú ​________
t3
 ​dt, Let tan x = t 2
1
= __
​   ​ log ​ x + ​ x + __ 2

2
fi sec2 x dx = 2t dt
(1 + t ) 2 164. We have,
= 2 Ú ​ ______​dt

(1
= 2 Ú ​ t + __
​  ​  ​ dt )
(
x+4
Ú ​ ​______
x3 + 4x ) ​3
x
​  ​ dx = Ú ​ ______ ( ​ 
x + 4x x3 + 4x
4
​ + ______ ​  ​ dx
)
t

(
t2
= 2 ​ __
​   ​ + log |t| ​ + C
2 )
( ​2
1
= Ú ​ _____ ​ 
4
 ​ + ________
x + 4 x (x2 + 4)
 ​  ​ dx
)
1.58 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

dx 4x 169. The given integral is

= Ú _____
​2
x +4
 ​ + Ú ________
​2 2
x (x + 4)
 ​ dx
1+x (1 + x) dx
Ú ​______
x3 + x
​  dx = Ú _________
​ 2
x (x + 1)
 ​

1
= __
2
x
​   ​ tan–1 ​ __ ()
​   ​  ​ + 2
2
​
dt
Ú _______
t (t + 4)
 ​, Let t = x2
(1 + x2) + x – x2
fi dt = 2x2dx = Ú _______________
​   
x (x2 + 1)
 ​
   dx

1
= __
2 ()
2
x
​   ​ tan–1 ​ __
2 1 ____
4 (
​   ​ Ú ​ __
​   ​  ​ + __ ​ ​ – ​ 
t t+4
1
)
 ​  ​ dt =
dx
Ú ___
​ x ​ + Ú _____
​2
x +1
dx
 ​ – Ú _____
​
x2 + 1
 ​ dx
x

| |
1

1
= __
​   ​ tan–1
2 () x
​ __
​   ​  ​ +
2
1
__
2
​ 
t+4
t
​   ​ log ​ ____  ​  ​ + c = log |x| + tan–1x – __
​   ​ log |x2 + 1| + c
2

| |
170. The given integral is
x2

1
= __
​   ​ tan–1
2 ()2
x
​ __
​   ​  ​ +
1
__
​   ​ log ​ _____
2
​  2
x +4
 ​  ​ + c

dx
Ú x_____
​4 ​  dx     ​
 ​ = Ú ______________
2 2
165. The given integral is –1 (x – 1) (x + 1)

2
+1
Ú  ​ xx_____
+1
 ​ dx =
(x4 – 1) + 2
Ú x2 + 1  
___________
​  ​dx

1
= __ (
​
1
​   ​ Ú ​ _____
2 x2 – 1 x2 + 1
​ 
1
 ​ – _____  ​  ​ dx
)
( 2
x +1
2
= Ú ​ x2 – 1 + ​ _____  ​  ​ dx
)
1 1
2 2 (
= ​ __ ​  ​ __
| | x–1
x+1 )
​   ​ log ​ ​ _____  ​  ​ – tan–1x ​ + c

171. The given integral is

(x3
= ​ __
​   ​ – x + 2 tan–1x ​ + c
3 )
dx
Ú _____
​3 ​ = Ú ________
​ 2
dx
 ​
x +x x(x + 1)
166. The given integral is
x dx
dx dx = Ú ________
​2 2  ​
Ú ____________
    ​ = Ú ____________
​ __________ ​ __________
    ​ x (x + 1)
​÷(2 – x)   
2
+ 1 ​ ​÷(x – 2)2   
+ 1 ​
1 dt
dt ​   ​ Ú _______
= __ ​  ​, Let x2 = t2
= Ú ______
​ _____  ​, Let t = (x – 2) 2 t (t + 1)
​÷t + 1 ​
2
2x dx = 2t dt
fi dt = dx

( )
_____ 1 1 ____ 1
= log |t + ​÷t2 + 1 ​| + c ​   ​ Ú ​ __
= __ ​ ​ – ​   ​  ​ dt
2 t t+1
__________
= log |(x – 2) + ÷
​ (x – 2)2  
+ 1 ​| + c
1
= __
2
​ 
| |
t+1
t
​   ​ log ​ ____  ​  ​ + c

| |
167. The given integral is
1 x2
x+9 x+9 = __
​   ​ log ​ _____
​  2  ​  ​ + c
Ú ​_______
3
x + 9x
​  dx = Ú ​________
x (x2 + 9)
 ​ dx 2 x +1
172. We have,
x + (9 + x2) – x2
= Ú ​_______________
  
x (x2 + 9)
  
 ​dx ​ 
2
dx     ​ = _______
Ú __________ Ú ​(x2 + 2)2 ​
dx
x + 4x + 4
dx dx x dx 1
= Ú _______
​ 2  ​ + Ú ___
​ x ​ – Ú _______
​ 2  ​ = – ​ ______  ​ + c
(x + 9) (x + 9) (x + 2)
173. We have,

1
= ​ __ ​ tan–1
3 ()3
x
​ __
1
​   ​  ​ + log |x| – ​ __ ​ log| x2 + 9| + c
2 dx     ​ = ________________
Ú ___________
​ 
2 Ú ​  2
dx     ​
168. The given integral is x + 6x + 10 (x + 3) + (10 – 9)
dx

1+x
Ú​______  ​dx = Ú _____
​ ​
dx
 ​ + Ú _____  ​ dx
x = Ú __________
​     ​
1+x 2
1+x 2
1 + x2 (x + 3)2 + 1

1
= tan–1(x) + __
​   ​ log |1 + x2| + c = tan–1(x + 3) + c
2
 Indefinite Integrals 1.59

174. We have, 178. The given integral is

1
dx     ​ = __ dx    ​ 1
dx     ​ = __ dx
Ú ___________
​  ​   ​ Ú ___________
​  Ú ____________
​  ​   ​ Ú ____________
​     ​
2
2x + 5x + 6 2 2 __ 5
x + ​   ​ x + 3
2
2
4x + 7x + 10 4 2 7
__ 5
__
(
​ x + ​   ​ x + ​   ​  ​
4 2 )
1 dx     ​
​   ​ Ú _________________
= __ ​     1 dx
​   ​ Ú ________________
= __
2
( 5
​​ x + __
4
2
) ( 25
​   ​  ​​ ​ + ​ 3 – ___
​   ​  ​
16 )
4
(
​
7
__ 2
     
) (
____  ​
​ 111 ​ 2
÷
_____
​​ x + ​   ​  ​​ ​ + ​​ ​   ​  ​​ ​ )
8 8
1 dx
​   ​ Ú _______________
= __ ​    ___  ​
2
( ) ( )
5 2
__
4
​÷23 ​ 2
____
​​ x + ​   ​  ​​ ​ + ​​ ​   ​  ​​ ​
4

1
= __
4 ÷
8
​   ​ × _____
​ 111 ​ ( 7
​  ____ ​ tan–1 ​ 8x + _____
​  ____ ​  ​ + c
÷
​ 111 ​ )
​( x + __

( )
​   ​ )​ ( )
5 2 7
= _____
​  ____ ​ tan–1 ​ 8x + _____
​  ____ ​  ​ + c
1 ____
__ 4 4
_______
–1 ÷
​ 111 ​ ÷
​ 111 ​
= ​   ​ × ​   ​ tan ​ ​ 
___  ​  ​ + c ___
2 ​÷32 ​ ÷
​ 23 ​
____
​   ​ 179. The given integral is
4
dx dx    ​
Ú x_______ ​ = Ú ____________

÷
2
= ____
​ 23 ​
(4x + 5)
(
​  ___ ​ tan–1 ​ ​ _______
___ ​  ​ + c
​÷23 ​ ) ​2
– 2ax
​ 
2 2 2
(x – a) – a

175. The given integral is

​  dx
Ú _________  ​ = Ú ______________
​
dx
   __  ​

2a
1
= ___
|
(x – a) – a
​  ​ log ​ ​ __________
   ​  ​ + c
(x – a) + a |
( ) ( ) ​÷3 ​ 2
|
(x – 2a)
|
2
x +x+1 1 2 1
​​ x + __
​   ​  ​​ ​ + ​​ ___
​   ​  ​​ ​ = ___
​  ​ log ​ ​ _______
x ​  ​ + c
2 2 2a

​( x + __

( )
​   ​ )​
1 180. The given integral is
2 2
= ___
​   ​ tan ​ ​ _______
–1 dx dx
__
​÷3 ​
 ​  ​ + c
÷
__
​ 3 ​
___
Ú x_______
​2
+ 2ax
​ = Ú __________
​     ​
(x + a)2 – a2
​   ​
2

÷
2
= ___
​ 3 ​
2x +__ 1
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ​ ______
÷ (
 ​  ​ + c
​ 3 ​ )
2a
1
= ___
|
x
​  ​ log ​ ______
​ 
x + 2a
​  ​ + c
|
181. The given integral is
176. The given integral is
dx 1
​
dx
Ú1________  ​ = – Ú ________
​  ​
dx Ú a_______
​2
+ 2ax
​ = ___
​  ​ log |a2 + 2ax| + c
2a
+ x – x2 x2 – x – 1

dx 182. The given integral is

= – Ú ______________
​    __  ​

) ( )
dx
( 1 2
__
2
​÷5 ​ 2
___
​​ x – ​   ​  ​​ ​ – ​​ ​   ​  ​​ ​
2
​  dx  ​ = – Ú _______
Ú ________
2ax – x2
​
x2 – 2ax
​

| |
__ dx     ​
= – Ú ___________
​( x – __​   ​ )​ – ___
1 ​÷5 ​ ​ 
​   ​ (x – a)2 – a2
1 2 2
= – ​ ___ ​ log ​ ​  ___________
__     ​  ​ + c__
​( x – __​   ​ )​ + ___
​÷5 ​ ​÷5 ​
1
2
​   ​
2

1
= – ___
x–a–a
|
​  ​ log ​ ​ ________ ​  ​ + c
2a x–a+a |
177. The given integral is

dx dx

2a
1
= ___ ​ 
x
|
​  ​ log ​ ______
x – 2a
​  ​ + c
|
Ú _________
​2     ​ =
x + 4x + 3
Ú (x__________
​     ​
+ 2)2 – 1 183. The given integral is

1
= __
| |
(x + 2) – 1
​   ​ log ​ ​ __________
2
    ​  ​ + c
(x + 2) + 1

dx
Ú (x_____________
​ 2 2
+ 1) (x + 4) 3a
1
​2
1
​  ​ Ú ​ _____
    ​ = ___ (
 ​ – _____
x +1 x +4
​  2
1
 ​  ​ dx
)

1
= __
| |
(x + 1)
​   ​ log ​ ​ ______  ​  ​ + c
2 (x + 3)

1
= __
3 ( 1
​   ​ ​ tan–1x – __
​   ​ tan–1
2 ( ))
x
​ __
​   ​  ​  ​ + c
2
1.60 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

184. We have,
x2 1 3x2

4 (
1 1 ____
​   ​ Ú ​ __
= __ ​ ​ – ​ 
t t+1
1
 ​  ​ )
Ú _____
​6
x +x
​dx = __
​   ​ _____
​ 
3 x6 + 1
 ​dx

1 dt
= __
​   ​ _____
​ 
3 t2 + 1
 ​, Let t = x3

1
= __
4 | |
t+1
t
​   ​ log ​ ____
​   ​  ​ + c

| |

fi dt = 3x3 dx 1 x4
= __
​   ​ log ​ _____
​  4  ​  ​ + c
1 4 x +1
= ​ __ ​ tan–1 (t) + c
3 194. We have,
1
= __
​   ​ tan–1(x3) + c (2x + 4) – 1
2x + 3   ​ dx = ​ ___________

3 Ú​ __________
2 Ú 2   
   ​dx
x + 4x + 5 x + 4x + 5
185. We have, (2x + 4) dx
cos x dx = Ú​__________
    ​ dx – Ú __________
​2     ​
Ú sin
_______________ 2
​  2       ​ x + 4x + 5 x + 4x + 5
x + 3 sin x + 2
(2x + 4) dx
dt     ​ = Ú ​ __________
    ​ dx – Ú __________
​     ​
= Ú _________
​  Let t = sin x 2
x + 4x + 5 (x + 2)2 + 1
2
t + 3t + 2
fi dt = cos x dx = log |x2 + 4x + 5| – tan–1(x + 2) + c
dt
= Ú ___________
​      ​ 195. We have,
(t + 1) (t + 2)
3x + 2    ​ dx
Ú​ __________
(​
1
= Ú ​ ____
t+1 t+2
​ 
1
 ​ – ____  ​  ​ dt)

2
x – 3x + 4

| |
t+1
= log ​ ​ ____  ​  ​ + c
t+2
​ __
2
= Ú ​ __________________
      
(
9
3 ​ (2x – 3) + ​ 2 + __
​   ​  ​
2
 ​ dx
)
2
x – 3x + 4

| |
sin x + 1
= log ​ ​ _______  ​  ​ + c
sin x + 2
3 (2x – 3)
​   ​ Ú ​ __________
= __
2 x2 – 3x + 4
13 dx     ​
​   ​  Ú __________
    ​ dx + ___ ​ 
2 x2 – 3x + 4
186. We have,
xx(1 + log x) (2x – 3)
Ú___________
​     ​  dt
   ​dx = Ú ________  ​
3
​   ​ Ú​ __________
= __
13
    ​ dx + ___ ​
dx
​   ​ Ú ______________    __  ​

( ) ( )
2x x 2 2 x – 3x + 4 2
x +x +1 t +t+1 2
3 2 ​÷7 ​ 2
​​ – __
​   ​  ​​ ​ + ​​ ___
​   ​  ​​ ​
2 2
dt

( )
= Ú ______________
​    __  ​
​   ​ )​
​( x – __
) ( )
3
( 1 2
__
2
​ 3 ​ 2
÷
___
​​ t + ​   ​  ​​ ​ + ​​ ​   ​  ​​ ​
2
3
= __
13
​   ​ log |x2 – 3x + 4| + ___
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ​ 
2
______ ​  ​ + c
__

( )
2 ÷
​ 7 ​ ÷
​ 7 ​
​ ___ ​
​( t + __
​   ​ )​
1
2
2 2
= ___
​   ​ tan ​ ​ ______
__ –1
 ​  ​ + c
__
​÷3 ​ ÷
​ 3 ​
___
​   ​
2

3
= __
2
13
​   ​ log |x2 – 3x + 4| + ___
2x –__ 3
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ​ ______
÷
​ 7 ​ (
 ​  ​ + c
​÷7 ​ )

÷
2
= ___
​ 3 ​ (
2x x __
÷
+1
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ​ ______ ​  ​ + c
​ 3 ​ ) 195. The given integral is

x 1 (2x + 1) – 1
187. We have, Ú _________
​  ​   ​ Ú ​ ___________
 ​ dx = __   
   ​ dx
2
x +x+1 2 (x2 + x + 1)
dx x3dx
Ú x________
​ 4
(x + 1)
 ​ = Ú ________
​4 4
x (x + 1)
 ​
(2x + 1)
1 1 dx
​   ​ Ú ​ __________
= __ ​   ​ Ú ______________
    ​ dx – __ ​    __  ​

1 3
4x dx
​   ​ Ú ________
= __ ​
4 x4(x4 + 1)
 ​
2 (x2 + x + 1) 2
(
1 2
__
) ( )
​÷3 ​ 2
___
​​ x + ​   ​  ​​ ​ + ​​ ​   ​  ​​ ​
2 2

1
= __ ​
4 t (t + 1)
dt
​   ​ Ú _______  ​, Let t = x4
1
= __
2 ÷
1
​   ​ log |x2 + x + 1| – ___
​ 3 ​
2x +__ 1
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ​ ______
÷ (
 ​  ​ + C
​ 3 ​ )
fi dt = 4 x3 dx
 Indefinite Integrals 1.61

196. The given integral is 200. The given integral is.

Ú ​( ​__________
cos x + sin x )
1
2x + __
​   ​
cos x – sin x
   ​  ​ × (2 + 2 sin2 x)dx
4x + 1 2    ​ dx
Ú​ x2 + 3x  
_________  ​dx = 2 Ú​  ___________
+2 (x2 + 3x + 2)

(2x + 3) – (5/2)
= 2 Ú ​ ______________
  
   ​dx
( cos x – sin x
= Ú ​ ​__________
cos x + sin x )
   ​  ​ (1 + (sin x + cos x)2) dx

(x2 + 3x + 2)
= Ú ​(​_____​ )​ dt, Let cos x + sin x = t
2
1+t

t
(2x + 3) dx
= 2 Ú ​___________
    ​ dx – 5 Ú ___________
​     ​ fi (– sin x + cos x) dx = dt
2
(x + 3x + 2) (x + 1) (x+ 2)
( 1
)
= Ú ​ t + ​ __​  ​ dt
t
  
x+1
x+ 2 | |
= 2 log |x + 3x + 2| – 5 log ​ ​ _____ ​  ​ + c
2

t2
= ​ __ ​ + log |t| + c
2
197. The given integral is
(sinx + cos x)2
dx dx = ​ ____________
 ​    + log |sin x + cos x| + c
Ú 2e    ​ = Ú ______________
____________
​ 2x
+ 3ex + 1
​ x     ​
(2e + 1) (ex + 1)
2
201. The given integral is

​ x(
2
= Ú ​ ________ ​ 
(2e + 1) (ex + 1)
1
 ​ – _______  ​  ​ dx
) ​ sin x + cos
Ú ___________  
5 + 3 sin 2x
(sin x + cos x) dx
  x ​dx = Ú ​  __________________
    ​
  
5 + 3 (1 – 1 + sin 2x)

Ú( )
2e–x e– x (sin x + cos x)dx
= ​ _______
​ ________
–x  ​ – ​  – x  ​  ​ dx = Ú ______________
​      ​
(2 + e ) (e + 1) 8 – 3 (1 – sin 2x)

= log |e– x + 1| – 2 log |e– x + 2| + c (sin x + cos x)dx

= Ú ​ _________________
    ​
  
8 – 3 (sin x – cos x)2
198. The given integral is
dt
(3sin x – 2) cos x dx = Ú ______
​  ​, Let t = (sin x – cos x)
Ú ​ _________________
   ​
   8 – 3t2
   

(5 – cos2x – 4sin x) dt = (cos x + sin x)dx

(3sin x – 2) cos x
= Ú ​ _______________
    ​ dx
   dt
sin2x – 4sin x + 4 = Ú ______
​  ​
8 – 3t2
(3t – 2)
= Ú​ _________   ​ dt, Let t = sin x 1 dt
2
t – 4t + 4 = – ​ __ ​ Ú _________
​ __  ​
fi dt = cos x dx 3 2
(÷ )
8 2
t – ​​ ​ __
​   ​ ​  ​​ ​
3
(3t – 2)

| |
= Ú ​ _______ ​dt
___
t – (​÷8/3 ​)
1
(t – 2)2 = – _____
​  ___  ​log ​ ​ ________
___  ​  ​ + c
2​÷24 ​ t + (​÷8/3 ​)
(3t – 6 + 4)
= Ú ​ __________
    ​dt where t = sin x + cos x
(t – 2)2
202. The given integral is
dt dt
= 3 Ú ______
​  ​ + 4 Ú ______
​  ​ sin x – cos x sin x – cos x
(t – 2) (t – 2)2 Ú ___________
​    ​dx = Ú ​_______________
  
3 + 5 sin 2x
      ​ dx
5 (1 + sin 2x) – 2
4
= 3 log |t – 2| – ______
​   ​ + c sin x – cos x
(t – 2) = Ú ​________________
      ​  dx
4 5 (sin x + cos x)2 – 2
= 3 log |sin x – 2| – ________
​   ​ + c
(sin x – 2)
cos x – sin x
= Ú ​________________
       ​dx
199. The given integral is 2 – 5 (sin x  +  cos x)2
ax3 + bx x3 x dx
Ú ​_______
x4 + c2
 ​dx = a Ú ______
​4
x + c2
 ​dx + b Ú ______
​4
x + c2
 ​ =
dt
Ú 2______
​  ​, Let t = (sin x + cos x)
– 5t2

a b
= ​ __ ​  log |x4 + c2| + ___
4
x2
​  ​ tan–1 ​ __
2c
( )
​ c ​  ​ + c
fi dt = (cos x – sin x)dx
1.62 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

dt dx dx
= Ú ______
​
2 – 5t2
 ​ Ú __________
    ​ = Ú _____________
​ _________ ​ ___________
    ​
​÷6 – x – x  ​
2 2
​÷– (x + x   
– 6) ​
1 dt
​   ​ Ú __________
= – __ ​     ​
___ dx
5 t2 – (​÷2/5 ​)2 = Ú _________________
​ ________________
       ​

÷ {( ) }
1 2 25
​ – ​ ​​ x + __ ___

| |
___ ​   ​  ​​ ​ –  
​   ​  ​ ​
1 t – (​÷2/5 ​) 2 4
= – ____
​  ___  ​log ​ ​ _________
___  ​  ​ + c
​÷10 ​ t + (​÷2/5 ​) dx
= Ú _______________
​ ______________
    ​

| |
___

÷( ) ( )
(sin x + cos x) – (​÷2/5 ​) 5 2 1 2

1
= – ____
​  ___  ​log ​ ​ ___________________
   
    ___  ​  ​ + c ​ ​​ __ __
​   ​  ​​ ​  – ​​ x +  
​   ​  ​​ ​ ​
÷
​ 10 ​ (sin x + cos x) + (​÷2/5 ​) 2 2

( )
​( x + __
​   ​ )​
1
203. We have, 2
–1
= sin   ​ ​  _______
 ​  ​ + c
dx dx 5
__
Ú     ​= Ú ________________
__________
​ ________ ​ _______________
      __  ​ ​   ​

) ( )
2
÷(
÷​ x + x + 1 ​ ​ ​​ x + __​ 1 ​  2​​ ​ + ​​  
2
÷3 ​ 2
​___
​   ​  ​​ ​ ​
2 2
2x + 1
= sin–1 ​ ______(
​   ​  ​ + c
5 )
| ​ 12 ​ )​ + ​÷x + x + 1 ​ |​ + c
_________
= log ​ ​( x + __ 2
207. The given integral is
dx dx
204. We have, Ú ___________
   ​ = Ú ________________
​ _________ ​ _______________
      __  ​
​÷1 + x +  
÷( ) ( )
2 2
x  ​ 2 1 ÷
​ 3 ​
dx dx ​ ​​ x + __ ___
​   ​  ​​ ​  + ​​  
​   ​  ​​ ​ ​
Ú ________
​ _______  ​ = Ú _________________
​ ________________
      ​ 2 2
​÷x – 2ax ​
2 2
​÷x – 2ax + a   
2 2
– a  ​

| ​ 12 ​ )​ + ​÷x + x + 1 ​ |​ + c

_________
dx = log ​ ​( x + __ 2
= Ú _____________
​ ___________
    ​
​÷(x – a)2 –  
a2 ​ 208. The given integral is
_______
|
= log ​ (x – a) + ÷ 2
​ x – 2ax ​  ​ + c |
dx
Ú __________
​ _________
    ​ = Ú ______________
​ ____________
    ​
dx
÷​ 1 + x – x2 ​ ​÷– {x – x –  
2
1}  ​
205. We have,
dx
dx dx = Ú ________________
​ _______________
       ​
Ú _______
​ ______  ​ = Ú _______________
​ ______________
    ​
÷ {( ) }
1 2 __ 5
​÷4x – x  ​
2
​÷4 – 4 + 4x  –
2
   x  ​ ​ – ​ ​​ x – __
​   ​  ​​ ​   
– ​   ​  ​ ​
2 4
dx
= Ú _________________
​ ________________
      ​ = Ú ________________
​ _______________
__     ​
dx

÷( ) ( )
​÷2 – (x – 4x  
2 2
+ 4) ​ 2
​÷5 ​ 2 1
​ ​​ ___ __
​   ​  ​​ ​  – ​​ x –  
​   ​  ​​ ​ ​
2 2
dx
= Ú ____________

( )
​ ___________
    ​
​÷2 – (x –  
2
2)2 ​ ​ x – __
= sin–1 ​ ​______
1
(
​   ​  ​
2 )
( )
x–2 __  ​  ​ + c
= sin–1 ​ _____
​   ​  ​ + c ​÷5 ​
___
2 ​   ​
2
205. The given integral is

dx
Ú _______
​ ______  ​= Ú
dx
__________
​ _________
   ​
(
2x –__ 1
= sin–1 ​ ​ ______
 ​  ​ + c
​÷5 ​ )
÷​ 4x – x2  ​ ​÷– (x – 4x) ​
2
209. The given integral is
dx dx dx
= Ú ______________
​ _____________
    ​ Ú x_______
​2 ​ = Ú ____________
​ __________
    ​
​÷– {(x – 2)   
2
– 4} ​ + 2ax ​÷(x + a)   
2 2
– a  ​
________
= Ú
dx
____________
​ __________
    ​ |
= log ​ (x + a) + ÷
​ x2 + 2ax ​  ​ + c |
​÷4 – (x –   
2)2 ​
210. The given integral is

x–2
= sin  ​ _____
–1
(
​   ​  ​ + c
2 )
dx
Ú _________
​ ________ ​ = Ú ____________
​ ___________
    ​
dx
​÷2ax – x  ​
2
​÷ – {x – 2ax} ​
2
  
206. The given integral is
 Indefinite Integrals 1.63
_____
=
dx
Ú _______________
​ ______________
    ​ |
= 4 log ​ t + ​÷t2 – 1 ​ ​ + c |
÷​ – {(x – a)2 –  
a2} ​ ______
|
= 4 × log ​ x1/4 + ​÷x1/2 – 1 ​  ​ + c |
dx
= Ú ____________
​ ___________
    ​
÷​ a – (x –  
2
a)2 ​ 214. We have,
_________ _________

÷ ÷
x–a
(
= sin–1 ​ ​ _____
a ​  ​ + c ) Ú
sin (x – a)
​ ​ _________
   ​ ​ dx =
sin (x + a)
sin (x – a)
Ú ​ ​ sin
_________
   ​ ​  dx
(x + a)
211. We have,
____________________

÷
x dx sin (x – a) sin (x – a)
Ú __________
​ _________
   ​ = Ú ​ ​ sin
_________  ​   
× ​ _________ ​ ​ dx
(x + a) sin (x – a)
​÷x + x + 1 ​
4 2

sin (x – a)

1 _______ dt
​   ​ Ú ________
= __ ​ , ​ Let x2 = t = Ú ​____________
     ​  dx
___________
2 ÷ 2
​ t + t +1 ​ ÷​ sin2x – sin
  
2
a​
dt
fi x dx = __
​   ​ (sin xcos a – cos x sin a)
2 = Ú ​___________________
   
___________  
 ​dx
    

1 _______________ dt
​   ​ Ú ________________
= __ ​   
2
​÷sin x – sin
2
  a ​
__  ​

÷( ) ( )
2 1 2 ​ 3 ​ 2
÷
__ ___
​ ​​ t + ​   ​  ​​ ​  + ​​  
​   ​  ​​ ​ ​ sin x
2 2 = cos a  Ú ____________
​ ___________    ​dx
÷​ sin x – sin
2 2
  a ​

|( ) |
_________
1 1
= __
​   ​ log ​​ t + __
​   ​  ​ + ÷
​ t 2 + t + 1 ​  ​ + c cosx
2 2   – sin a Ú ____________
​ ___________
    ​dx
÷​ sin x – sin
2 2
  a ​

| ​ 12 ​ )​ + ​÷x |
_________
​   ​ log ​ ​( x + __
1
= __ 2 4
+ x2  +  1 ​  ​ + c sin x
2 = cos a Ú ____________
​ ___________    ​dx
÷​ cos a – cos
2 2
  x ​
212. We have,
cos x

_______
Ú ​÷sec x – 1 ​ dx   – sin a Ú ____________
​ ___________
    ​dx
___________________
​÷sin x – sin
2 2
   a ​

÷
(1 + cos x)
1 – cos x __________
= Ú ​ ​ _______
cos x ​  ×   
 ​     ​ ​ dx
(1 + cos x)
( )
cos x
= – cos a sin–1 ​ _____
​ cos a ​  ​
______________ ___________
–  sin a log ​| sin x + ​÷sin x – sin 2a ​ |​ + c
Ú÷
2
1 – cos2x     
= ​ ​ _____________
       ​ ​dx
  
cos x (1 + cos x)
215. The given integral is
sin x ex exdx
= Ú ______________
​ _____________
       ​ dx Ú _______
​ ______  ​dx = Ú _________
​ ________  ​
÷​ cos x (1 + cos
   x) ​ ​÷4 – (e )  ​
​÷4 – e ​
2x x 2

dt
= – Ú ________
​ _______  ​ Let cos x = t
dz
= Ú ______
​ _____  ​, Let z = ex
÷​ t (t + 1) ​ ÷​ 4 – z2 ​
fi – sin x dx = dt
fi dx = ex dt

dt
= – Ú _______________
​ _____________     ​
z
= sin–1 ​ __()
​   ​  ​ + c

÷( ) ()
1 2 1 2 2
​ ​​ t + __ __
​   ​  ​​ ​  – ​​  
​   ​  ​​ ​ ​
2 2

ex
= sin–1 ​ __( )
​   ​  ​ + c
2
| ​ 12 ​ )​ + ​÷t + t​ |​ + c
_____
= – log ​ ​( t + __ 2
216. The given integral is
sec2x
Ú ​÷__________
| ​ 12 ​ )​ + ÷​ cos x + cos x ​ |​ + c
___________ ​ ________
    ​dx
= – log ​ ​( cos x + __ 2
   16 + tan x ​
dt
213. We have, = Ú ______
​ _____  ​, Let t = tan x
÷​ t + 4 ​
2

dx dt fi dt = sec2 x dt
Ú __________
​     ​ = 4 Ú ______
______ ​ _____ , ​ Let x1/4 = t _____
x ÷3/4 1/2
​ x – 1 ​ ÷​ t – 1 ​
2
1
|
= log ​ t + ÷ |
​ t2 + 4 ​  ​ + c
fi ​ __ ​ x–3/4 = dt ________
4 = log ​| tan x + ÷
​ tan x + 4 ​ |​ + c2
1.64 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

217. The given integral is 220. The given integral is

________ _________
_______
÷
Ú ​÷sec x – 1 ​ dx = Ú ​ ​ 1_______
– cos x
cos x ​ dx
÷
sin (x – a)
Ú ​ sin
​ _________  ​ ​ dx
(x + a)
__________________ __________________

÷
(1 – cos x) (1 + cos x)
= Ú ​ ​ __________________
÷
sin (x – a) sin (x – a)
      
  
cos x (1 + cos x)
 ​ ​ dx = Ú ​ ​ __________________
        ​ ​ dx
sin (x – a) sin (x + a)
sin x
= Ú ______________
​ _____________    ​ dx sin(x – a)
÷​ cos x (1 + cos
   x) ​ = Ú​____________  ​  dx
  
___________
÷​ sin2x – sin
  
2
a  ​
dt
= – Ú ______
​ _____  ​, Let t = cos x
÷​ t + t ​
2
sin x cosa – cos x sina
fi dx = – sin x dx = Ú ___________________
​    
___________   ​dx
dt ​÷sin x – sin
2 2
   a  ​
= – Ú _______________
​ _____________     ​

÷( ) ()
1
__ 2 1 2
__ sin x dx cos x dx
​ ​​ t + ​   ​  ​​ ​  – ​​  
2
​   ​  ​​ ​ ​
2 = cosa Ú __________________
    ​ Ú _____________
​ _________________
   ​ ____________
    ​
​÷sin a – sin x –  
2 2
sina ​ 2 2
​÷sin x – sin  
a​

| ​ 12 ​ )​ + ​÷t + t​ |​ + c

_____
= – log ​ ​( t + __ 2
sin x dx cos x dx
= cosa Ú _____________
​ ____________
      ​ – sina Ú _____________
​ ____________
    ​
÷​ cos2a – cos ​÷sin x – sin  
| ​ 12 ​ )​ + ÷​ cos x + cos x​ |​ + c
___________ 2 2 2
a​
= – log ​ ​( cos x + __ 2
  x ​
  

218. The given integral is

_________
________
cos x
= – cos a  sin–1 ​ _____
​ 
cosa
​​ ( )
Ú ​÷cosecx – 1 ​ dx = Ú ​ ​ 1_______ ÷
– sin x ___________

sin x
​  ​dx
|
  – sin a  log ​ sin x + ​÷sin2x – sin2
   a ​​ + c |
__________________

÷
(1 – sin x) (1 + sin x)
= ​ ​ _________________
  
      ​ ​dx 221. The given integral is
sin x (1 + sin x)
dx dx
cos x Ú __________
​     ​= Ú ____________
______ ​     ​
________
= Ú ______________
​ ____________    ​ dx x ​÷x
2/3 2/3 2/3
– 4 ​ x ​÷(x ) – 4 ​
1/3 2
÷​ sin x (1 + sin
   x) ​
1 _____ dt

dt
= Ú _______
​ _____ ​, Let t = sin x ​   ​ Ú ______
= __ ​  ​, Let t = x1/3
3 ÷ 2
​ t – 4 ​
÷​ t + t ​
2
1
fi dt = cos x dt
fi dt = ​ __ ​x–2/3 dx
3
dt 1 _____ dt
= Ú ______________
​ _____________     ​ = __​   ​ Ú ______
​  ​

÷( ) ()
1 1 2 3 ÷ 2
​ ​ t + __ ​​ __
​   ​  ​  –    ​   ​  ​​ ​ ​ ​ t – 4 ​
_____
2 2
= __
1
​   ​ log ​ t + ÷| |
​ t2 – 4 ​  ​ + c

| ​ 12 ​ )​ + ÷​ t + t​ |​ + c
_____ 3
= log ​ ​( t + __ 2 ______
= __
1
|
​   ​ log ​ x1/3 + ÷
3
​ x2/3 – 4 ​  ​ + c|
| ​ 12 ​ )​ + ÷​ sin x + sin x​ |​ + c
__________
= log ​ ​( sin x + __ 2
   222. The given integral is
______
x
219. The given integral is

​  3
÷
Ú ​ ______
a – x3
 ​ ​dx
Let x = a sin2/3q
–x
dx e
Ú ________
​ _______ ​ = Ú ___________
​ __________
    ​ dx fi dx = a ◊ sin–1/3 q dq
​÷1 – e ​
2x
​÷(e – x)   
2
– 1 ​ __
​÷a ​sin1/3q sin–1/3q cosq

dt
= – Ú ______
​ _____ , ​ Let t = e– x
= Ú ___________________
​    
a3/2cosq
  ​
÷​ t – 1 ​
2
1
fi dt = – e –x dt ​ a ​ Ú dq
= __
_____
q
|
= – log ​ t + ÷
​ t2 – 1 ​  ​ + c | = ​ __
a​ + c
_______
= – log ​| e –x
+ ​÷e– 2x – 1 ​  ​ + c | = ____________
​ 
{( ) }
x 3/2
sin–1 ​ ​​ __
​ a ​  ​​ ​  ​
a    ​ + c
 Indefinite Integrals 1.65

223. The given integral is Let (x2 – 3x + 2) = t2

( cosq + sinq
Ú ​ ___________
​ _________
   ​ ​dq
​÷ 5 + sin 2q ​ )

fi (2x + 3) dx = 2t dt

|( |
__________

cosq + sinq
= Ú​_______________
       ​ dq
_____________
1
= t + __
2
1
​   ​ log ​ ​ x – __
​   ​  ​ +
2 ) ÷​ x 2 – 3x   
+ 2 ​  ​ + c

​÷6 – (1 – sin 2q) ​

|( |
   _________ _________

cosq +   
sinq
1
2
1
2 )
= ​÷x2 – 3x + 2 ​ + ​ __ ​ log ​ ​ x – ​ __ ​  ​ + ​÷x2 – 3x + 2 ​  ​ + c
= Ú​ _________________
   ​dq
________________
÷​ 6 – (sinq – cosq)2
    ​ 226. We have,
3x + 4
Put (sinq – cosq) = t Ú​___________
   ​ dx
__________
​÷x + 5x   
2
+ 2 ​
fi (cosq + sinq)dq = dt

=
dt
Ú _______
​ _____ ​
3
__
​  ​ (2x + 5) + ​ 4 – ___
2
= Ú ​___________________
(
15
​   ​  ​
2 )
​÷6 – t  ​
2    
_________   
 ​  dx
÷​ x   +  5x   
2
+ 2 ​

( )
= sin–1 ​ ___
t
​  __ ​  ​ + c
​÷6 ​ 3 (2x + 5)dx 7 dx
​   ​ Ú​___________
= __   
__________ ​   ​ Ú  ​ ___________
    ​ – __     ​
__________

( )
sinq –__cos q 2 ​÷x2 + 5x    + 2 ​ 2 ​÷x + 5x   
2
+ 2 ​
= sin–1 ​ ​ __________
 ​    ​ + c
​÷6 ​
3 2t dt __ 7 dx
224. The given integral is ​   ​ Ú ____
= __ ​ ​ – ​   ​ Ú ___________________
​ __________________
       ​

÷( ) ( )
2 t 2 5 2 25
__ – ___
​ ​​ x + ​   ​  ​​ ​  + ​ 2   ​   ​  ​ ​
sinq – cosq
Ú ___________
​ ________  
   ​dq
​÷2 – sin 2q ​
2 4

Let (x2 + 5x + 2) = t2
sinq – cosq
= Ú​ _______________
      ​ dq
______________ fi (2x + 5) dx = 2t dt
÷​ 3 – (1 + sin  
2q) ​
7 ________________ dx
sinq –   
cosq
= Ú​ _________________ = 3  Ú dt + __
​   ​ Ú _________________
​       ___  ​

) ( )
    ​dq
÷(
________________ 2 5 2
__ ​ 17 ​ 2
÷
____
​÷3 – (sinq + cosq)
    ​
2
​ ​​ x + ​   ​  ​​ ​ – ​​ ​    ​  ​​ ​ ​
2 2
  1.65

dt
= – Ú ______
|( |
_________


​ _____  ​, Let t = (sinq + cosq)
÷​ 3 – t2 ​ dt = (cosq – sinq) dq

7
2
5
= 3t + ​ __ ​ log ​ ​ x + __
​   ​  ​ + ÷
2 )
​ x2 + 5x   
+ 2 ​  ​ + c

( ) |( |
_________ _________
= cos–1 ​ ___
t
​  __ ​  ​ + c
÷
​ 3 ​
= 3 ​÷x2 + 5x   
7
+ 2 ​ + __
2
5
​   ​ log ​ ​ x + __
​   ​  ​ + ÷
2 )
​ x2 + 5x   
+ 2 ​  ​ + c

(
sinq +__ cosq
= cos–1 ​ __________
​ 
÷
 ​ 
​ 3 ​ )
   ​ + c 227. We have,
x+2 1 (2x + 5) – 1
225. We have, Ú ​___________
__________ ​   ​ Ú​ ___________
    ​ dx = __
2
  
   ​ dx
__________
​÷x + 5x   
2
+ 6 ​ 2
​÷x + 5x   
+ 6 ​
x–1
Ú​___________
    ​ dx
__________
÷​ x – 3x   
2
+ 2 ​
(2x + 5)
1 1 __________ 1
​   ​ Ú ​___________
= __ ​   ​ Ú ___________
    ​ dx – __
__________ ​     ​ dx

1 2 x – 2    ​ dx
​   ​ Ú​ ___________
= __ __________
2 ÷ 2
​ x + 5x   
+ 6 ​ 2 ​÷x + 5x   
2
+ 6 ​
2 ​÷x2 – 3x    + 2 ​
1 (2x – 3) + 1 1 (2x + 5) 1 1
​   ​ Ú ​___________
= __   
    ​ dx
__________ ​   ​ Ú ​___________
= __ __________ ​   ​ Ú _______________
    ​ dx – __ ​ ______________     ​dx

÷( ) ()
2 ÷ ​ x2 – 3x    2 ​÷x2 + 5x    + 6 ​ 2 5 2 1 2
+ 2 ​ ​ ​​ x + __ __
​   ​  ​​ ​ – ​​  
​   ​  ​​ ​ ​ 
2 2
1 (2x – 3) 1 __________ dx
​   ​ Ú ​___________ ​   ​ Ú ___________
__________
= __     ​ dx + __
__________ ​     ​
2 ​÷x2 – 3x    + 2 ​ 2 ​÷x – 3x   
2
+ 2 ​ = ÷
​ x2 + 5x   
+ 6 ​

|( |
_________

1 2t dt
​   ​ Ú ____
= __ ​
1 ________________
​
dx
​   ​ Ú _________________
​ dx + __        ​   1 5
– ​ __ ​ log ​ ​ x + __ )
​   ​  ​ + ÷
​ x2 + 6x   
+ 6 ​  ​ + c
) ( )
t
÷(
2 2 3 2 9 2 2
​ ​​ x – __ – __
​   ​  ​​ ​  + ​ 2   ​   ​  ​ ​
2 2
1.66 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

6x – 5 231. We have,
228. Ú ​___________
  
__________  ​ dx ______
​÷3x – 5x  
÷
2 3
+ 1 ​ Ú x ​ ​ 44_____
2 –x
+ x3
 ​ ​ dx
Let 3x 2 – 5x + 1
Let x3 = 4t
fi (6x – 5) dx = 2t dt 4
2t dt fi x2dx = __
​   ​ dt
= Ú ____
​ ​ ______
3
t
÷
4 4 – 4t
​   ​ Ú ​ ______
= __ ​  ​ ​dt
= 2 Ú dt 3 4 + 4t
_____
= 2t + c
÷
4 1–t
__________ ​   ​ Ú ​ ​ ____ ​ ​dt
= __
3 1+t
= 2​÷3x2 – 5x  
+ 1 ​ + c
4 (1_____ – t)
229. We have, ​   ​ Ú ​______
= __  ​ dt
_____ ____________ 3 ÷ ​ 1 – t2 ​
–x a–x a–x
Ú ​ ​ aa_____
÷ ÷
​ ​dx = Ú ​ ​ _____ ​  × ​ a_____
   ​ ​dx

( )
+x a+x –x
​   ​ ​ Ú _______
​ _____  ​– Ú ______
4 dt t
= __ ​ _____  ​ dt ​
– x  ​ dx
a______ 3 ​÷1 – t2 ​ ÷​ 1 – t2 ​
= Ú​ _______
÷​ a – x2 ​
2 _____
​   ​ (​ sin–1(t) + ÷
​ 1 – t2 ​ )​ + c
4
= __
dx x 3
= a Ú _______
​ ______  ​ – Ú ________
​ _______ ​  dx ________
÷​ a – x2 ​ ​÷a – x  ​
( ( ) ÷ ( ))
2 2 2
4 x3 x3 2
______
= __
​   ​ ​ sin–1 ​ __
​   ​  ​ + ​ 1 – ​​ __
​   ​  ​​ ​ ​  ​ + c
x 3 4 4
= a sin –1
( )
​ __
​ a ​  ​ + ÷
​ a2 – x2  ​+ c
232. We have,
______

÷
2
–x 2 dx sec2x dx
230. Ú x ​ ​ aa______
2
+ x2
 ​ ​dx Ú _________
​
3 + 4sin2x
​ = Ú ______________
​     ​
3 sec2x + 4 tan2x
Let x2 = a2t sec2x dx
fi 2x dx = a dt 2 = Ú __________
​   ​
3 + 7 tan2x
________

  
÷
a2 a2(1 – t) sec2x dx
fi ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ​ ________  ​ ​  dt
1
​   ​ Ú ________
= __ ​  ​
2 a2(1 + t) 7 3
______
tan2x + __ ​   ​
7

÷
a2 (1 – t)
= ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ​ ______  ​ ​ dt 1 dt
2 (1 + t) ​   ​ Ú _________
= __ ​ __  ​
_____________
7 2
(÷ )
3 2
t + ​​ ​ ​ __ ​ ​  ​​ ​
2
a2
Ú÷
(1 – t) 1 – t
= __
​   ​ ​ ​ ______  ​  × ​ ____
   ​ ​  dt __ __
2 (1 + t) 1 – t
______

1 ÷
= __
​ 7 ​
​   ​ × ___
7
7
​   ​ tan–1 ​ t ​ __
3 (÷ )
​   ​ ​  ​ + c
3

÷
__

( ÷)
2
a2 (1 – t) 1 7
​   ​ Ú ​ ​ ______
= __  ​ ​ dt = ​ ____
___  ​× tan–1 ​ tan x​ __
​   ​ ​  ​ + c
2 (1 – t2) ÷
​ 21 ​ 3
233. We have,
a2 (1_____ – t)
​   ​ Ú ​______
= __  ​ dt
2 ÷ ​ 1 – t2 ​ dx sec2x dx
Ú _____________
​ 2   ​ = Ú _________
3sin x + 4cos2x
​
3tan2x + 4
 ​

a2
2 ( dt
​   ​ ​ Ú ______
= __ ​ _____  ​  –
​÷1 – t2 ​
Ú ______
t
​ _____  ​dt
​÷1 – t  ​
2 )
​
= ​ 2
dt
Ú ______
3t + 4
 ​ Let tan x = t

a2
_____ fi sec2 x dx = dt
​   ​ ​( sin–1(t) + ÷
= __ ​ 1 – t2 ​ )​ + c
2 1 dt
​   ​ Ú _________
= __ ​  ​

a2
= __ ( () x2
​   ​ ​ sin–1 ​ __
2 a
_______

÷ ( )
x 2
​  2 ​  ​ + ​ 1 – ​​ __ )
​ a ​  ​​ ​ ​  ​ + c
3
÷
2 2
t + ​​ ___
2
​ 3 ​ ( )
​  __ ​  ​​ ​
 Indefinite Integrals 1.67
__ __

1
= __
​   ​ ×
3
÷
​ 3 ​
___
2 ( ) ÷
​ 3 ​
​   ​ tan–1 ​ ___
​   ​ t ​ + c
2

1
= __
(
4 ​​ ________
​ 
sec2x dx
​   ​ Ú  ​ ___________
tan x
  2 ​
)
​  ​​ ​
__ 2 + sec2x

÷
1
= ___
​ 3 ​
( )
÷
​ 3 ​
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ___
​   ​ tanx ​ + c
2
1
= __
sec2x dx
​   ​ Ú  ​ ________________
     2 ​
234. We have, (
4 ​​ tan2x + ____ tan x
​   ​ + 1 ​​ ​
2 )
dx sec2x dx
Ú  ​ _____________
  2 ​ = Ú ​ __________
(2sinx + cosx)
    ​
(2tan x + 3)2
1 sec2x dx
= ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ _____________________
   
    ​

dt
= Ú ​ _______2 ​
4
[( 1 2
__
4 ) ( 1 2
___
​ ​​​ tan x + ​   ​  ​​ ​+ ​ 1 – ​   ​  ​​​  ​
16 )]
(2t + 3)
1 sec2x dx
​   ​ Ú  ​ _________________
= __       ​

1
= – ​ ________  ​ + c
2(2t + 3)
4
[( tan x + 1 2 ___
​ ​​​ ​ _______
4 )15 2
 ​  ​​ ​+ ​   ​​ ​  ​
16 ]
___

1
= – ​ __________
    ​ + c
2(2tanx + 3) ( 1
Let ​ tan x + __
4 )
​÷15 ​
​   ​  ​ = ____
​   ​ tanq
___
4
​÷15 ​
235. We have, fi sec2x dx = ____ ​   ​ sec2q dq
4
sin x cos x ___
Ú  ​ ___________
   ​ dx
  
sin4x + cos4x
​÷15 ​
____
​   ​ sec2q
1 4
​   ​ Ú  ​ _________
= __  ​ sec4q

tan x sec2x
= Ú  ​ _________
tan4x + 1
 ​ dx
4
( )15 2
___
​​ ​   ​  ​​ ​
16
___

1 2tan x sec2x
​   ​ Ú  ​ __________
= __    ​ dx

1 ÷
= __
4
​ 15 ​
​   ​ × ____
4
16 2
15 ( ) dq
​   ​  ​​ ​ Ú  ​ _____
​   ​ × ​​ ___
sec2q
​

2 tan4x + 1 8
​  3/2 ​ Ú  (2cos2q)dq
= ______
1 dt (15)
= ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ _____  ​ Let tan2x = t 8
2 t2 + 1 ​  3/2 ​ Ú  (1 + cos2q)dq
= ______
fi 2 tan x  sec2 x dx = dt (15)

1
= __
​   ​ tan–1 (t) + c
2

8
= ______ (
sin 2q
​  3/2 ​ ​ q + _____
(15)
​   ​  ​ + c
2 )
1 8
= ​ __ ​ tan–1 (tan2x) + c = ______
​  3/2 ​ (q + sinq + cosq) + c,
2 (15)
236. We have,

dx
Ú  ​ _____________ sec x
    ​ = Ú  ​ _________
    ​ dx
2
where
4
q = tan–1  ​ ____
​÷15 ​ [ ( 1
​  ___ ​  ​ tan x + __
​   ​  ​  ​
4 )]
(sin x + 2 cos x)2 (tan x + 2)2 238. The given integral is
2
sin x dx 2 sin x cosx
= Ú
dt
​ ______2 ​ Let tan x = t
Ú  ​ ___________
  ​ = Ú  ​ ___________
sin4x + cos4x
   ​ dx
  
sin4x + cos4x
(t + 2)
fi sec2 x dx = dt
Divide the numerator and the denominator by cos4x
1
= – ​ ______  ​ + c we get
(t + 2) 2

1 Ú  ​ 2__________
tan x sec x
   ​ dx
= – ​ _________  ​+ c tan4x + 1
(tan x + 2)
Let tan2x = t
fi 2 tan x sec2x dx = dt
237. We have, dt
= Ú  ​ __2 ​ + 1
dx 1 dx
Ú  ​ _____________
    ​ = ​   ​ Ú  ​ _____________
__   2 ​ t
(sinx + 2 sec x)2 4
( sin x
​​ ____ )
​   ​ + sec x ​​ ​
2
= tan–1 (t) + c
= tan–1 (tan2x) + c
1.68 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

| |
__
239. The given integral is 1__ tan x – ​÷3 ​
= – ​ ____  ​ log ​ ​ ___________ ​  ​ + c
dx 2​÷3 ​ tan x + ÷​ 3 ​
Ú  ​ ______________
    ​
(2sinx + 3cosx)2 242. The given integral is
3
cosec x sinx
Divide the numerator and the denominator by cos2x, Ú  ​ _______
cosec x ​ dx = Ú  ​ sin3x ​ dx
_____
we get
sinx
sec2x dx = Ú  ​ _____________
   ​ dx
Ú  ​ ___________
    ​
(2 tan x + 3)2 3 sin x – 4 sin3x
dx
Let 2 tan x + 3 = t = Ú  ​ _________ ​
fi 2 sec2 x dx = dt 3 – 4 sin2x
1 dt
​   ​ Ú  ​ __2 ​
= __ sec2x dx
= Ú  ​ _____________
     ​
2 t 3 sec2x – 4 tan2x
1
= – ​ __​ + c sec2x dx
2t = Ú  ​ ________________
     ​
1 3 + 3 tan2x – 4 tan2x
= – ​ __ ​ (2 tan x + 3) + c
2 sec2x dx
= Ú  ​ ________ ​
240. The given integral is 3 – tan2x
2 2
dx sec x dx sec x dx Let tan x = t
Ú  ​ ________
2
2 + cos x
​ = Ú  ​ _________2
1 + 2 sec x
​ = Ú  ​ _________
2tan2x + 3
 ​
fi sec2 x dx = dt
dt
Let tan x = t = – Ú  ​ _____
2
 ​
fi sec2 x dx = dt t –3

| |
__
dt –1 t – ​÷3 ​
= Ú  ​ ______
2
 ​ = ____
​  __ ​ log ​ ​ ________ ​  ​ + c
2t + 3 2​÷3 ​ t+÷ ​ 3 ​

| |
__
dt
= Ú  ​ _________
__  ​ 1
= ____
t+÷ ​ 3 ​
​  __ ​ log ​ ​ ________ ​  ​
(÷ )
2 3 2
t + ​​ ​ __
​   ​ ​  ​​ ​
2

2​÷3 ​ t – ​÷3 ​

| |
__
__ __ 1 tan x + ÷​ 3 ​
÷ (÷ )
2 2 = ____
​  __ ​ log ​ ​ ___________ ​  ​ + c
= ​ __
​   ​ ​ tan–1 ​ ​ __
​   ​ ​ t ​ + c 2​÷3 ​ tan x – ​÷3 ​
3 3
__ __ 243. The given integral is

÷ (÷ )
2 2
= ​ __
​   ​ ​ tan–1 ​ ​ __
​   ​ ​ tan x ​ + c sec3x cosx
3 3 Ú  ​ _____
secx ​  dx = Ú  ​ cos3x ​  dx
_____

241. We have, cos x

= Ú  ​ _____________
   ​ dx
sinx sin x 4 cos3x – 3 cos x
Ú  ​ _____
sin 3x
​ dx = Ú  ​ _____________
   ​ dx
3 sin x – 4 sin3x dx
= Ú  ​ _________  ​
dx 4 cos2x – 3
= Ú  ​ _________ ​ Divide the numerator and the denominator by cos2x
3 – 4sin2x
we get,
sec2x dx sec2x dx
= Ú  ​ _____________
     ​ = Ú  ​ _________ ​
3 sec2x – 4 tan2x 4 – 3 sec2x
sec2x dx

sec2x dx
= Ú  ​ ________ ​ = Ú  ​ _____________
     ​
3 – tan2x 4 – 3 – 3 tan2x
sec2x dx

dt
= – Ú  ​ _____  ​ Let tan x = t = Ú  ​ __________
  ​
t2 – 3 1 – 3 tan2x
sec2 x dx = dt Let tan x = t fi sec2 x dx = dt

| |
__
dt

1__
= – ​ ____
t – ​÷3 ​
 ​ log ​ ​ ________ ​  ​ + c = Ú  ​ ______2 ​
2​÷3 ​ t+÷ ​ 3 ​ 1 – 3t
 Indefinite Integrals 1.69

1 dt
= ​ __ ​  Ú  ​ __________
  
3 t2 – (​ 1/​÷3 ​ )2​
__  ​
1
2 t2 – 2t – 2
– dt
= ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ ________  ​
1
2
3
fi ​ __ ​ sec2 ​ __ ()
​   ​  ​ dx = dt
2

|| | |
1 1 dt
t – ___
​  __ ​ = – ​ __ ​  Ú  ​ _____________
   2 ​
1 ÷
​ 3 ​ 2 (t – 1)2 – ​( ​÷__ 3 ​ )​
= ____
​  __ ​ log ​ ​ ______  ​  ​ + c
2​÷3 ​ 1
t + ___

| |
​  __ ​ __
÷
​ 3 ​ 1__ (t – 1) – ÷ ​ 3 ​
= – ​ ____  ​ log ​ ​ ___________
  __ ​  ​ + c
__ 2​÷3 ​ (t – 1) + ÷​ 3 ​
÷
​ 3 ​ tan x – 1

| |
1
= ____
​  __ ​ log ​ ​ __________
__     ​  ​ + c __
2​÷3 ​ ​÷3 ​ tan x + 1

1__
= – ​ ____
( () )
​ tan ​ __
2
x
​   ​  ​ – 1 ​ – ​÷3 ​
 ​ log ​ ​ ________________   __ ​ ​ + c
244. We have,
dx dx
2​÷3 ​
( () )
x
​ tan ​ __
​   ​  ​ – 1 ​ + ÷
2
​ 3 ​
Ú  ​ _________
1 + 2 sin x Ú
​ =   ​ ________________

( )
       ​
x
__
2 tan ​ ​   ​  ​
1 + 2​  ​ __________
2 () 244. The given integral is
dx
  x  ​  ​ Ú  ​ _________ ​
2 __
1 + tan  ​ ​   ​  ​
2 () 1 + 2 sin x
dx
= Ú  ​ _________________
2 __ x
sec  ​ ​   ​  ​ ()        ​
x   
  
2
= Ú  ​ ___________________
() x  ​ dx
1 + tan  ​ ​   ​  ​ + 4 tan ​ __
2 __
2
​   ​  ​
2 () (2tan(x/2)
1 + 2 ​ ___________
​    
    ​  ​
1 + tan2 (x/2) )
(1 + tan2 (x/2))dx
= Ú  ​ ____________________
Let ()x
tan ​ __
​   ​  ​ = t
2
     
1 + tan2 (x/2) + 4tan(x/2)
 ​

fi ()
sec2 ​ __
x
​   ​  ​ dx = 2dt
2
sec2 (x/2)dx
= Ú  ​ ____________________
   
    ​
tan2 (x/2) + 4tan(x/2) + 1
2dt
= Ú  ​ _________
2
 ​
t + 4t + 1 Let tan(x/2) = t
dt
= 2 Ú  ​ _____________  
(t + 2)2 – (​ ÷
__  ​
​ 3 ​ )2​

1
2
x
fi ​ __ ​ sec2 ​ __ ()
​   ​  ​ dx = dt
2
2dt
= Ú  ​ _________

| |
__  ​
2 (t + 2) – ÷​ 3 ​ t2 + 4t + 1
= ____
​  __ ​ log ​ ​  __________
  __ ​  ​ + c
2​÷3 ​ (t + 2) + ÷​ 3 ​ dt
= 2 Ú  ​ _____________
   __  ​

| |
__ (t + 2)2 – (​ ÷
​ 3 ​ )2​
( () )
​ tan ​ __
x

| |
​   ​  ​ + 2 ​  – ​÷3 ​ __
1 2 (t + 2) – ÷ ​ 3 ​
= ___
​  __ ​ log ​ ​ ________________   
  __ ​ ​ + c
1
= ___
​  __ ​ log ​ ​ ___________
  __ ​  ​ + c
÷
​ 3 ​
( () )x
​ tan ​ __
​   ​  ​ + 2 ​ + ​÷3 ​
2
÷
​ 3 ​ (t + 2) + ÷​ 3 ​

| |
__
1 (tan(x/2) + 2) – ÷ ​ 3 ​
245. We have, = ___
​  __ ​ log ​ _________________
​    
  __ ​  ​ + c
÷
​ 3 ​ (tan(x/2) + 2) + ÷
​ 3 ​
dx
Ú  ​ _____________
    ​
sin x + cos x + 1 245. The given integral is
dx dx
dx
= Ú  ​ _____________________________ Ú  ​ ________
3cosx + 4 Ú 1 – tan2 (x/2)
 ​ =   ​ __________________
       ​

( )( ) ( )
    
    ​

​ __________
​ 
2
x
__
()
2 tan ​ ​   ​  ​
   __________
x
1 – tan2 ​ __
​   ​  ​
2 () 3 ​​  ___________
  
    ​ + 4 ​
1 + tan2 (x/2)
x  ​  ​+ ​​     x  ​  ​+ 1
1 + tan2 ​ __ ()
​   ​  ​
2
1 + tan2 ​ __
​   ​  ​
2 () (1 + tan2 (x/2))
= Ú   ​ __________________________
         ​ dx
sec  ​( __ ​   ​ )​ dx
x 2 4 + 4tan2 (x/2) + 3 – 3tan2 (x/2)
2
= Ú  ​ 
_____________________    
    ​ sec2 (x/2)
​( 2 tan ​( __
​   ​ )​ – tan  ​( __ ​   ​ )​ + 2 )​ = Ú  ​ ___________
x 2 x     ​ dx
2 2 tan2 (x/2) + 7

​   ​ Ú  ​ _________  ​ Let ​( __ ​   ​ )​ = t

1 dt x
= __ Let t = tan(x/2)
2 2t – t + 2 2 2
fi
x
2dt = sec2 ​ __ ()
​   ​  ​ dx
2
1.70 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

2dt
= Ú  ​ _____
2
t +7
 ​
1
= __
( ​ 
1
​   ​ Ú  ​ _____
1
) 1
 ​– ​ ______ ​  ​ dt + ​ __ ​Ú  sec2 (x/2)dx
2 t2 – 1 (t + 1)2 2

÷
2
= ___
​ 7 ​ ( )
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ___
t
​  __ ​  ​ + c
​÷7 ​
1 1
( | |
= ​ __ ​  ​ __
2 2 ) t–1
t+1
1
​   ​ log ​ ​ ____  ​  ​ + ​ ______  ​  ​ + tan(x/2) + c
(t + 1)

÷
2
= ___
​ 7 ​ ( tan(x/2)
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ​ ______
​÷7 ​ )
__ ​  ​ + c

1 1
= __ ( |
​   ​ ​ __
2 2 | cos x – 1
cos x + 1
1
​   ​ log ​ ​ ________  ​  ​ + _________
​ 
(cosx + 1)
 ​  ​ )
246. The given integral is
dx   + tan(x/2) + c
Ú  ​ _____________
    ​ 248. The given integral is
sinx + cosx + 1
dx
    
  
dx
= Ú  ​ ___________________________  ​
Ú  ​ ________
1 – 2 sin x
​
2tan(x/2)
___________ – tan2 (x2)
1___________
​      ​+​    
    ​ + 1 dx
1 + tan2 (x/2) 1 + tan2 (x/2) = Ú  ​ _________________
       ​

(1 + tan2 (x/2))dx
= Ú​  _________________________________
      ​
   
(
2tan(x/2)
1 – 2​ ___________
​    
    ​  ​
1 + tan2 (x/2) )
1 + tan2 (x/2) + 2tan(x/2) + 1 – tan2 (x/2)
(1 + tan2 (x/2))dx
2 = Ú ​  ____________________
       ​
sec (x/2)dx tan2 (x/2) – 4tan(x/2) + 1
= Ú ​ ___________
    ​
  
2tan(x/2) + 2
sec2 (x/2)dx
= Ú  ​ ____________________
   
    ​
Let tan ​ __
x
()
​   ​  ​ = t
2 tan2 (x/2) – 4tan(x/2) + 1

1
fi ​ __ ​ sec2 ​ __
2 () x
​   ​  ​ dx = dt
2
Let tan(x/2) = t

fi sec2 ​ __
x
()
​   ​  ​ dx = 2dt

2
x
()
fi sec2 ​ ​ __ ​  ​ dx = 2dt
2 dt
= 2 Ú  ​ _________
2
 ​
2dt t – 4t + 1
= Ú  ​ _____  ​
2t + 2 dt
= 2 Ú  ​ _____________
   __  ​
(t – 2)2 – (​ ÷​ 3 ​ )2​
= Ú  dt/t + 1 __

= log |t + 1| + c
1
= 2 × __
2 (
(t – 2) – ÷
​ 3 ​
​   ​ log ​ ​  __________
  __ ​  ​ + c
(t – 2) + ÷
​ 3 ​ )
| x
() | | |
__
= log ​ tan ​ __
​   ​  ​ + 1 ​ + c (tan(x/2) – 2) – ÷​ 3 ​
2 = log ​ ​ ________________
  
  __ ​  ​ + c
(tan(x/2) – 2) + ÷​ 3 ​
247. The given integral is
1 + sinx 249. The given integral is
Ú  ​ ____________
      ​ dx
sinx(1 + cosx) dx
Ú  ​ ________________
    ​
3 sin x + 4 cos x + 5
dx dx
= Ú  ​ ____________
sinx(1 + cosx) Ú (1 + cosx)
    ​ +   ​ _________  ​
dx
= Ú  ​ _________________________________
    
    ​

sin x dx
= Ú  ​ _________________
       ​+
(1 – cos2x)(1 + cosx)
1
__
2
x
​   ​ Ú  sec2 ​ __ ()
​   ​  ​dx
2
3 ​ ​ 
(
2tan(x/2)
___________
  
) (
    ​  ​ + 4 ​ ​ 
1 + tan2 (x/2)
– tan2 (x/2)
1___________
    ​  ​+ 5
1 + tan2 (x/2) )
(1 + tan2 (x/2))dx
2
dt
= Ú  ​ ___________
    ​ +
(t – 1)(1 + t)
1
2 ()x
​   ​ Ú  sec2 ​ __
__ ​   ​  ​ dx
2
= Ú  ​ ____________________
     
tan2 (x/2) + 6tan(x/2) + 9
 ​

Let t = cos x 2dt

= Ú  ​ _________  ​ Let tan(x/2) = t
fi dt = – sin x dx t 2 + 6t + 9
fi sec2 ​ __
x
()
​   ​  ​ dx = 2dt
2

dt
= Ú  ​ ___________
    ​ +
(t – 1)(t + 1)2
1
2
x
​   ​ Ú  sec2 ​ __
__
()
​   ​  ​ dx
2
2dt
= Ú  ​ ______2 ​
(t + 3)
 Indefinite Integrals 1.71
1 dx
2
= – ​ ______  ​ + c ​  __ ​ Ú  ​ _______________
= ___    ​
÷
​ 2 ​ ___ 1__ 1
(t + 3) ​   ​ sinx + ___
​  __ ​ cosx
2 ÷
​ 2 ​ ÷
​ 2 ​
= – ​ ___________
    ​ + c
1 dx
(tan(x/2) + 3) ​  __ ​  Ú  ​ _________  ​
= ___
p
250. The given integral is
​ 2 ​ sin ​ x + __
÷
( ​   ​  ​
4 )
p

dx
Ú  ​ ___________
   ​
cos x + cos a

÷
1__
___
​ 2 ​
( )
= ​   ​ Ú  cosec ​ x + __ ​   ​  ​ dx
4

dx
= Ú  ​ _________________
     ​, where k = cos a

1
= ___ __
​÷2 ​ | 2
x p
​   ​ log ​ tan ​( __
8 |
​   ​ )​  ​ + c
​   ​ + __

( )
2
1 – tan (x/2)
​ ​ ___________
    ​  ​ + k 253. We have,
1 + tan2 (x/2) dx
[1 + tan2 (x/2)]dx
Ú  ​ ____________
__    ​
​÷3 ​ sinx + cosx
= Ú  ​ __________________________
         ​
1 – tan2 (x/2) + k[1 + tan2 (x/2)] 1 dx
= ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ ______________
__    ​
2 ___ ​÷3 ​ 1
__
sec2 (x/2)dx ​   ​ sinx + ​   ​ cosx
= Ú  ​ __________________________
   
    ​ 2 2
1 – tan2 (x/2) + k[1 + tan2 (x/2)] 1 _________ dx
= ​   ​ Ú  ​ 
__  ​
p
2 sin ​ x + __
( )
​   ​  ​

x
Let tan ​ __
​   ​  ​ = t
2dt
= Ú  ​ ________________
     2  ​ () 6
p
2
( )
2 1
(1 – t ) + k(1 + t ) ​   ​ Ú  cosec ​ x + __
= __ ​   ​  ​ dx
2 6
fi sec2​ __
x
​   ​  ​ dx ()
= 2 dt
2

1
__
| ( x ___
__ p
)|
= ​   ​ log ​​ tan ​ ​   ​ + ​   ​  ​ ​  ​ + c
2 2 12

2dt 257. We have,

= Ú  ​ _______________
    ​ 2 sin x + cos x
(1 + k) + (k – 1)t2
= l (3 sin x + 2 cos x) + m(3 cos x – 2 sin x)
1 2dt
(1 – k) Ú (1
= ______
​   ​    ​ __________    ​ = (3l – 2m) sin x + (2l + 3m) cos x
+ k)
______ Comparing the co-efficients of sin x and cos x, we get
​   ​  – t2
(1 – k) 3l – 2 m = 2 and 2l + 3 m = 1
1 2dt On solving, we get,
(1 – k) Ú (1 + k) 2
= ______
​   ​   ​ ___________
______    ​ – t
2

(÷ )
​​ ​ ​ ______  ​ ​  ​​ ​
(1 – k)
l = 4/5 and m = – 3/ 5

|||
4 3 sin x + 2 cos x
______ \ ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ _____________
   ​ dx
5 3 sin x + 2 cos x
÷
(1 + k)
​ ​ ______ ​ ​+ t
1 1 (1 – k) 3 3 cos x – 2 sin x
= ​ ______ ​× ________
​  ______  ​log ​ ​ __________
______  ​  ​+ c ​   ​ Ú  ​ _____________
  + __    ​ dx

÷ ÷
(1 – k) (1 + k) (1 + k) 5 3 sin x + 2 cos x
2​ ​ ______ ​ ​ ​ ​ ______ ​ ​– t
(1 – k) (1 – k)

4
​   ​ Ú dx – __
= __ (
3 3 cos x – 2 sin x
​   ​ Ú  ​ ​ _____________
   ​  ​ dx )
| cot(a/2) + tan(x/2) 5 5 3 sin x + 2 cos x
1
= ____
​  ​log ​ ________________
​    
   ​  ​ + c
sina cot(a/2) – tan(x/2) 4 3
= __
​   ​ x – __
​   ​ log |3 sin x + 2 cos x| + c
5 5
251. The given integral is 258. We have,
dx
Ú  ​ ______________
    ​
tanx + 4cotx + 4
sin x
Ú  ​ __________
   ​ dx
sin x + cos x
4sin x cos x
= Ú  ​ _______________________
   
   ​ dx
1 2 sin x
sin2x + 4cos2x + 4sin x cos x ​   ​ Ú  ​ __________
= __    ​ dx
2 sin x + cos x
252. We have,
1 (sin x + cos x) + (sin x – cos x)

dx
Ú  ​ __________
   ​ = ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ _________________________
       ​ dx
sinx + cosx 2 sin x + cos x
1.72 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

1 (1 + cos x – sin x 1
​   ​ Ú  ​ _______________
= __   
    ​ dx = __
​   ​ (x + log |sin x + cos x|) + c
2 sin x + cos x) 2
1 1 262. The given integral is
= __
​   ​ x + __
​   ​ log |sin x + cos x| + c
2 2 1 cos x
Ú  ​ _______
1 + tan x
​ dx = Ú  ​ __________
   ​ dx
sin x + cos x
259. The given integral is
1 2 cos x
Ú  ​ 2_____________
sin x + 3 cos x
   ​ dx ​   ​ Ú  ​ __________
= __    ​ dx
3 sin x + 4cosx 2 sin x + cos x
1
we have 2 sin x + 3 cos x = ​ __ ​ (x + log |sin x + cos x|) + c
2
= l(3 sin x + 4 cos x) + m(3 cos x – 4 sin x)
263. The given integral is
= (3l – 4m)sin x + (4l + 3m) cos x 1
Comparing the co-efficients of sin x and cos x, we get Ú  ​ _______
1 – tan x
​ dx

(3l – 4m) = 2, (4l + 3m) = 3 cos x

= Ú  ​ __________
   ​ dx
On solving, we get cos x – sin x
1 2 cos x

18
l = ___
1
​   ​, m = ___
​   ​ ​   ​ Ú  ​ __________
= __    ​ dx
25 25 2 cos x – sin x
The given integral reduces to 1 (cos x – sin x) + (cos x + sin x)
​   ​ Ú  ​ _________________________
= __        ​ dx
18 1 2 cos x – sin x
___
​   ​ (3 sin x + 4 cos x) + ___
​   ​ (3 cos x – 4 sin x)
25
    
25
Ú  ​ ____________________________________
   
(3 sin x + 4 cos x)
 ​ dx
1
2 ( (cosx + sinx)
= ​ __ ​ Ú  ​1 + ​ ___________
   )
   ​ ​ dx
cosx – sinx
18
(
= Ú  ​ ___
1 (3cosx – 4sinx)
​   ​ + ___
​   ​ ​ _____________
25 25 (3sinx + 4cosx)
    ​ ​ dx )
1
= ​ __ ​ (x – log |cos x – sin x|) + c
2
264. The given integral is
18 1
= ___
​   ​ x + ___
​   ​ log |3 sin x + 4 cos x| + C
25 25 1
Ú  ​ _______
1 + cot x
​ dx
260. The given integral is
cos x
sin x = Ú  ​ __________
   ​ dx
Ú  ​ __________
   ​ dx
sin x – cos x sin x + cos x
1 2 cos x

1
= __
2 sin x
​   ​ Ú  ​ __________   ​ dx ​   ​ Ú  ​ __________
= __    ​ dx
2 sin x – cos x 2 sin x + cos x

1 (sin x – cos x) + (sin x + cos x) 1 (cos x + sin x) + (cos x – sin x)

​   ​ Ú  ​ __________________________
= __        ​ dx ​   ​ Ú  ​ __________________________
= __        ​ dx
2 sin x – cos x 2 sin x + cos x

1
2 ( cos x + sin x
​   ​ Ú  ​1 + ​ __________
= __ )
   ​ ​ dx
sin x – cos x

1
( (cos x – sin x)
​   ​ Ú  ​1 + ​ ___________
= __
2
   )
   ​  ​ dx
sin x + cos x
1 1
= __
​   ​ x + __
​   ​ log |sin x – cos x| + c
1
= ​ __ ​ (x + log |sin x + cos x|) + c
2 2 2
261. The given integral is 265. We have,
cos x 3 sin x + 2 cos x + 4
Ú  ​ __________
   ​ dx
sin x + cos x = l(3 cos x + 4 sinx+ 5)
1 2 cos x
​   ​ Ú  ​ __________
= __    ​ dx   + m(– 3 sin x + 4 cos x) + n
2 sin x + cos x
= (4 l – 3 m) sin x + (3 l + 4 m) cos x
1 (cos x + sin x) + (cos x – sin x)
​   ​ Ú  ​ __________________________
= __        ​ dx   + (5 l + n)
2 sin x + cos x
Comparing the co-efficients of sin x and cos x we

1
2 ( (cosx – sinx)
​   ​ Ú  ​1 + ​ ___________
= __    )
  ​  ​ dx
sinx + cosx
get
4 l – 3 m = 3, 3 l + 4 m = 2
and 5l + n = 4
 Indefinite Integrals 1.73

Solving, we get

18
l = ___
1 1
​   ​, m = – ​ ___ ​, n = __
25 25
​   ​
5

1
| 49(sinx – cosx) – 5
= – ​ ___ ​ log ​ _________________
40
​    
4(sinx – cosx) + 5 |
   ​  ​ + c

271. We have,
Thus, Ú  ​ 3________________
sin x + 2 cos x + 4
  
    ​ dx
3 cos x + 4 sin x + 5 dx
Ú  ​ ____________
   ​
cos x + cosec x
(
18
= Ú  ​ ___
1
​   ​ + ___ ( 4 cos x – 3 sin x
​   ​  ​ ​ ________________
25 25 4 sin x + 3 cos x + 5
      ​  ​  ​ dx))
dx
= Ú  ​ __________    ​
1
cos x + ____
​  ​
2 dx sin x
  + ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ ________________     ​
sin x dx
5 4 sin x + 3 cos x + 5 = Ú  ​ ___________     ​
cos x sin x + 1
18 1
= ___
​   ​ x – ___
​   ​ log |4 sin x + 3 cos  x + 5| 2 sin x dx
25 25 = Ú  ​ _____________
      ​
2 cos x sin x + 2

25
2
+ ___ ( x – tan–1 (4/3)
​   ​ tan–1 ​ ____________
​ 
2
 ​    ​ + c.)
(sin x + cos x) + (sin x – cos x)
= Ú  ​ __________________________
       
2cos x sin x + 2
 ​
269. We have, (sinx + cosx)
= Ú  ​ ______________
     ​ dx
Ú  (cos x – sin x)(2 + 3 sin x 2x)dx 2 cos x sin x + 2
(sin x – cos x)
  + Ú  ​ _____________   
    ​  dx
= Ú  (cos x – sin x)(2 + 3(–1 + 1 + sin 2x))dx 2 cos x sin x + 2
(sin x + cos x) (sin x – cos x)
= Ú  (cos x – sin x)(–1 + 3(sin x + cos x)2)dx = Ú  ​ ___________
   ​ dx + Ú  ​ ___________
     
   ​ dx
2 + sin 2 x 2 + sin 2 x
= Ú  (3t 2 – 1) dt Let t = sin x + cos x (sin x + cos x)
= Ú  ​ _______________
  
    ​ dx
fi dt = (cos x – sin x)dx 3 – (sin x – cos x)2
(sin x – cos x)
  + Ú  ​ ________________
3
= (t – t) + c       ​ dx
= (sin x + cos x)3 – (sin x + cos x) + c 1 + (sin x + cos x)2

| |
__
270. We have, 1__ (sin x – cos x) – ÷
​ 3 ​
= – ​ ____  ​ log ​ _________________
​     __ ​  ​
sin x + cos x 2​÷3 ​ (sin x – cos x) + ÷​ 3 ​
Ú  ​ ___________
   ​ dx
  
9 + 16 sin 2 x   – tan (sin x + cos x) + c –1

sin x + cos x 271. The given integral is

= Ú  ​ ___________________
   
    ​ dx
dx
9 + 16(1 – 1 + sin 2x) Ú  ​ ____________
   ​
cos x + cosec x
sin x + cos x
= Ú  ​ ___________________
   
    ​ dx sin x cos x
25 – 16(sin x – cos x)2 = Ú  ​ ___________
  ​ dx
  
sin x + cos x
Let sin x – cos x = t 1 2 sin 2x
​   ​ Ú  ​ __________
= __    ​ dx
fi (cos x + sin x)dx = dt 4 sin x + cos x
2 2
dt
= Ú  ​ ________2 ​ 1 (sin x + cos x) – (sin x – cos x)
​   ​ Ú  ​ ___________________________
= __          ​ dx
25 – 16t 4 sin x + cos x

1
16 2
dt
= – ​ ___ ​ Ú  ​ ________2 ​
5
t – ​​ __ ()
​   ​  ​​ ​

1
4 [ (sin x – cos x)
​   ​ Ú  ​ (sin x + cos x) – ​ ___________
= __    ]
   ​  ​ dx
sin x + cos x
4

|| |
1 1
5
t – __
​   ​
4

1
4 [ 1
= ​ __ ​ ​(cos x – sin x) – __
3 ]
​   ​ (sin x – cos x)3 ​ + c
= – ​ ___ ​ × _____
​   ​ log ​ ​ _____  ​  ​ + c
16 5 5 272. The given integral is
2 × __ ​   ​ t + __
​   ​
4 4
Ú  (sin x + cos x)(2 + 3 sin 2 x)dx

40
1
|
4t – 5
= – ​ ___ ​ log ​​ ______  ​  ​ + c
4t + 5 = Ú  (sin x + cos x)[2 + 3{1 – (1 – sin 2x)}]dx
1.74 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

cos x + sin x
= Ú  (sin x + cos x)(5 – 3(sin x – cos x)2)dx = Ú  ​ _________________
       ​ dx
1 – 4(sin x – cos x)2
Let sin x – cos x = t
fi (cos x + sin x)dx = dt Let sin x – cos x = t
fi (cos x + sin x)dx = dt
= Ú  (5 – 3t2)dt
dt
3
= Ú  ​ ______2 ​
= (5t – t ) + c 1 – 4t
= (5(sin x – cos x) – (sin x – cos x)3) + c 1 dt
= – ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ _________  ​
273. The given integral is 4 t2 – (1/2)2

Ú  (sin x – cos x)(3 – 4 sin 2 x)dx

= Ú  (sin x – cos x)(7 – 4(1 + sin 2 x))

1
|
2t – 1
|
= – ​ __ ​ log ​ ​ ______  ​  ​ + c
2 2t + 1

| |
2(sin x – cos x) – 1
1
= __
​   ​ log ​ ​ ________________
    ​  ​ + c
= Ú  (sin x – cos x)(7 – 4(sin x + cos x)2)dx 2 2(sin x – cos x) + 1
276. The given integral is
= Ú  (cos x – sin x)(4(sin x + cos x)2 – 7)dx
Let sin x + cos x = t Ú  ​(____________
9 + 16 sin 2x )
2 cos x + sin x
​    ​  ​ dx
  
fi (cos x + sin x)dx = dt
3 1
 ​ __ ​ (cos x + sin x) + __
​   ​ (cos x – sin x)
= Ú  (4t2 – 7)dt 2____________________________
2
= Ú ​           ​ dx
9 + 6 sin 2x
(4t3
= ​ ___
3 )
​   ​ – 7t ​ + c 3 (cos x + sin x)
= ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ ___________
1 (cos x – sin x)
​   ​ Ú  ​ ___________
   ​ dx + __
       ​dx
2 9 + 6 sin 2x 2 (9 + 6 sin 2x)
(
4(sin x + cos x)3
= ​​ _____________
3
 ​   – 7(sin x + cos x) ​ + c ) 3 (cos x + sin x)
​   ​ Ú  ​ __________________
= __   
2 15 – 6(sin x – cos x)2
    ​ dx
274. The given integral is

Ú  ​(​ ___________
3 + 2 sin 2 x )
cos x – sin x 1 (cos x – sin x)
  ​  ​ dx
     + ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ __________________
   
    ​ dx
2 (3 + 6(sin x + cos x)2)
(cos x – sin x) Let sin x – cos x = t and sin x + cos x = z
= Ú   ​ ______________
      ​ dx
1 + 2(1 + sin 2x) fi (cos x + sin x) dx = dt and (cos x – sin x) dx = dz
(cos x – sin x)
= Ú  ​ _________________
       ​ dx
3
= __
dt 1
​   ​ Ú  ​ _______2 ​ + __
dz
​   ​ Ú  ​ ______  ​
1 + 2(sin x + cos x)2 2 15 – 6t 2 6z2 + 3
Let sin x + cos x = t 1 dt 1 dz
= ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ ______2 ​ + __
​   ​ Ú  ​ ______  ​
fi (cos x + sin x)dx = dt 2 5 – 2t 6 2z2 + 1
dt
= Ú  ​ ______2 ​ 1 dt 1 dz
= – ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ __________
4 t2 – ​​( ​÷5 ​/2 )2​​ ​ 6 Ú 2z2 + 1
__    ​ + __
​   ​    ​ ______  ​
1 + 2t
1 dt
= ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ _________  ​

| |
__
2 ___
÷ ( )
1__ 2
​​ ​   ​  ​​ ​ + t
​ 2 ​
2

1 t – ​( ​÷5 ​/2 )​ ____
= – ​ __ ​ log ​__________
4
​ 
1 __
__    ​  ​+ ​  __ ​ tan  ​( z​÷2 ​ )​+ C
t + (​ ​÷5 ​/2 )​ 6​÷2 ​
–1

1__ –1 ( __ )
___
= ​   ​ tan  ​ t ÷ ​ 2 ​  ​ + c
÷
​ 2 ​ where sin x – cos x = t and sin x + cos x = z
1__ –1 __
= ​ ___  ​ tan  ​( ​÷2 ​(sin x + cos x) )​ + c 277. We have,
÷
​ 2 ​
2
x +1
275. The given integral is Ú  ______
 ​  4
x +1
 ​  dx

Ú  ​(​ cos
5 – 4 sin 2x )
x + sin x
__________
   ​  ​ dx
(
​1 + __
1
​  2 ​  ​
x )
( cos x + sin x
= Ú  ​​ ___________________
   
  
5 – 4(1 – (1 – sin 2x)) )
 ​  ​ dx = Ú  ​ _______ ​ dx
x + __
2 1
​  2 ​
x
 Indefinite Integrals 1.75

( ) (x2 + 1) 2
2
​ 1 + __
1
​  2 ​  ​ = Ú  ___________
​  ​  3x  ​ dx
​   ​ Ú  _____
    ​ dx – __
x 4 2
(x – x + 1) 3 6
x +1
= Ú  ​ ______________       ​ dx
( 1 2
​​ x – __ ) 1
​ x ​  ​​ ​ + 2 ◊ x ◊ ​ __
x​
(
​ 1 + __
1
​  2 ​  ​
) 2
x 2
= Ú   ​ ___________ ​  3x  ​ dx
​   ​ Ú  _____
    ​ dx – __
(1
Let ​ x – __
​ x ​  ​ = t )
(
​ x2 + __
1
​  2 ​ – 1 ​
3 x +1
) 6

x

x(
fi ​ 1 + __
1
​  2 ​  ​ dx = dt
) (
​ 1 + __
1
​  2 ​  ​
) 2
x 2
dt = Ú  ​ __________     ​ dx – __ ​  3x  ​ dx
​   ​ Ú  _____
= Ú  ​ _________
__  ​
( 1
​​ x – __ )2 3 x +1 6
t + (​ ÷
2
​ 2 ​ )2​ ​ x ​  ​​ ​ + 1

÷
1
= ___
​ 2 ​ ( )
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ___
t
​  __ ​  ​ + c
​÷2 ​
= Ú  tan–1 ​( x – __​ 1x ​ )​ – __​ 23 ​ tan–1 (x3) + c

( ))
280. We have,

÷
1
= ___
​ 2 ​
1
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ___
​÷2 ​
( 1
​  __ ​ ​ x – __
​ x ​  ​  ​ + c
2
– 3x +
  1  ​ dx
Ú  ​ x__________
4 2
278. We have, x +x +1
2 (x2 – x + 1) – 2x

4
– 1  ​ dx
Ú  ​ x______ = Ú  _______________
​ 
4 2
  
    ​ dx
x +1 x +x +1

(
​ 1 – __
x
1
​  2 ​  ​
= Ú ​ ________ ​ dx
) =
(x2 – x + 1)
Ú  ​ __________
4
x +x +12
​  2x
   ​ dx Ú  _________
4 2
x +x +1
 ​ dx
1
x2 + __ ​  2 ​
x = ​  dx
Ú  ________  ​ – ​  2x
Ú  _________
 ​ dx

( )
2 4 2
1 x +x+1 x +x +1
​ 1 – __ ​  2 ​  ​
x
= Ú  ​ ______________       ​ dx = ​  dx     ​, ________
Ú  ______________
__ Ú  ​  2 dt  ​ Let x2 = t
( 1
​​ x + ​ __
2
) 1
__
x ​  ​​ ​ – 2 ◊ x ◊ ​ x ​ 1
​​ x + __ ( 2
) ( )
​ 3 ​ 2
÷
​   ​  ​​ ​ + ​​ ___
​   ​  ​​ ​
t + t+1
2 2 fi 2x dx = dt

1
Let ​ x + __ (
​ x ​  ​ = t )
( )
( ) ( )
1 1

1
fi ​ 1 – ​ __2 ​  ​ dx = dt x + __​   ​ t + __​   ​
x 2__ –1 _____
___ 2 2
___ –1 _____ 2
= ​   ​ tan  ​ ​  __  ​  ​ + ​  __ ​ tan  ​ ​  __  ​  ​ + c
÷
​ 3 ​ ÷3 ​
​___ ​÷3 ​ ÷3 ​
​___
​  dt __  ​
= Ú  _________ ​   ​ ​   ​
2 2
t2 – (​ ÷
​ 2 ​ )2​

1
= ____
2​÷2 ​ | |
t – ​÷2 ​
​  __ ​ log ​ ​ ______
__
__ ​  ​ + c
t + ​÷2 ​

÷
2
= ___
​ 3 ​ (
2x __ +1
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ​ ______
 ​  ​ +
​÷3 ​ ) ÷
2
___
​ 3 ​ ( 2t +__ 1
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ​ _____ )
 ​  ​ + c
​÷3 ​

( )
| | ( )
2 2x +__ 1 2 2x2 __+1
= ___
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ​ ______
 ​  ​ + ___
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ​ ______
( )
1 __  ​  ​ + c
​ x + __
​  ​  ​  – ÷
​ 2 ​
1 x ÷
​ 3 ​ ​÷3 ​ ​÷3 ​ ​÷3 ​
= ____
​  __ ​ log |​ ​ ____________   __ ​  ​ +
2​÷2 ​
( 1
​ x + __ )
​ x ​  ​  + ÷​ 2 ​ 281. We have,

279. We have,
4
(
Ú  ​ ​ 11_____
+ x2
2

)÷
– x ___________ dx
 ​  ​ ​  __________
2
    ​
4
​ 1 + x +  
x  ​
​ x + 1 ​  dx
Ú  ______
x6 + 1
(x2 + 1)2 – 2x2
– x2 ​ 1 – __
(
= Ú  ​ _____________________
   
x
1
​  2 ​  ​ dx
)  ​
= Ú  ​ _____________
  
 ​ dx   
_____________

x 6
+ 1
(x2 + 1)2 – 2x2
= Ú  ​ _________________
  
    ​dx
( 1
__ )÷
2 2
(
x ​ x + ​ x ​  ​ ​ x  ​ x + ​  2 ​  
1
__
x
+ 1 ​ ​
)
(x2 + 1)(x4 – x2 + 1)
2
(x + 1)
​  x  ​ dx
2 (
​ 1 – __
= – Ú  ​ __________________
x
1
​  2 ​  ​ dx
)
= Ú  ___________
​      ​ dx – 2 Ú  _____      
___________  ​
4 2
(x – x + 1) 6
x +1 ( 1
__ ) ÷(2 1
__
​ x + ​ x ​  ​ ​ ​ x + ​  2 ​  
x
+ 1 ​ ​
)
1.76 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

dt  ​
= – Ú  _______
​  _____
t÷​ t2 – 1 ​
( 1
Let ​ x + __ )
​ x ​  ​ = t

(
​ 1 – __
x
1
​  2 ​  ​
) dx
= Ú  ​ _______ ​ × ____________
​  ___________     ​

–1
(
fi ​ 1 – __
1
)
​  2 ​  ​dx = dt
x
( 1
__ ) ÷( 1 2
​ x + ​ x ​  ​ ​ ​​ x + __
​ x ​  ​​ ​   )
– 2 ​
= cosec (t) + c

= cosec–1 ​ x + __
1
(
​ x ​  ​ + c )
= dt  ​
Ú  _______
​  ______
t​÷t – 2 ​
2
1
Let ​ x + __( )
​ x ​  ​ = t

= sin–1 ​ _____
​  2
(
x
 ​  ​ + c
)
fi ​ 1 – __
x (
1
)
​  2 ​  ​dx = dt
x +1 ​  tdt
= Ú  ________
_____  ​
282. We have, t2 ​÷t2 – 2 ​
Ú   ​(_____
x + 1)
x–1
​ 
dx
 ​  ​ × ___________
​  __________
    ​ = ​  v dv ​
Ú  ________ Let t2 – 2 = v2
3
​÷x + x   
2
+ x​ 2
(v + 2)v
fi 2t dt = 2v dv

( x2 – 1
(x + 1) ) dx
= Ú   ​​ _______2 ​  ​ × _____________
​  ____________
÷ (
​ x   ​ x + __
2 1
    ​
​ x ​  
+ 1 ​ ​ )
= ​  dv  ​
Ú  _______
2
(v + 2)

( x2 – 1
x(x + 1) ) dx
= Ú   ​​ ________2 ​  ​ × ____________
​  ___________
1
__
÷(
    ​
​ ​ x + ​ x ​ +   1 ​ ​ )

÷
1
= ___
​ 2 ​ ( )
v
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ___
​  __ ​  ​ + c
​÷2 ​
_____

= Ú  ( x2 – 1
 ​ ____________
​  2
dx
)
    ​  ​ × ____________
​  ___________     ​

÷
1
= ___
​ 2 ​ ( )
÷​ t2 –__ ​ 
​  __ ​ tan–1  ​ ​ ______
​÷2 ​
2 ​
​+ c
x(x + 2x + 1) 1
​ ​ x + __ ÷( ) ___________

(÷ ( ) )
​ x ​ +  
1 ​ ​
1 1 1
= ___
​  __ ​ tan–1  ​ ​ ___ __
​  __ ​  ​ x2 +  
​  2 ​  ​ ​  ​ + c

(( x2 – 1
= Ú   ​​ ____________
1
x2  ​ x + __
​ x ​ + 2 ​
dx
)
    ​  ​ × ____________
​  ___________
) ÷(
1
​ ​ x + __
    ​
​ x ​ +  
1 ​ ​ ) 284. We have,
÷
​ 2 ​ ​÷2 ​ x

( )
2
x –  1   
Ú​ ______________
 
(
​ 1 – __
x
= Ú   ​ ​ __________
1
​  2 ​  ​
) dx
    ​  ​ × ____________
​  ___________     ​
___________
x  ​÷2x – 2x   
3 4 2
 ​dx
+ 1 ​

( 1
__
​ x + ​ x ​ + 2 ​ ) ÷(
1
__
​ ​ x + ​ x ​ +  
1 ​ ​ ) x   2
– 1     ​ dx
= Ú ​ ______________
_____________

÷( )
2 1
​ x   ​ 2 – __
3
​  2 ​ +
  __
​  4 ​  ​ ​
Let ​( x + __
​ x ​ + 1 )​ = t
1 2 x x

x2 –  1     ​ dx

( 1
)
fi ​ 1 – ​ __2 ​  ​dx = dt = Ú ​ ______________
___________

÷( )
2 1
x x5 ​ ​ 2 – __ __
​  2 ​ +  
​  4 ​  ​ ​
​  2 tdt ​
= Ú  _______ x x

(t2 + 1)t

​  2 dt  ​
= Ú  ______ Ú
(
​ __
x
1
​  3 ​ – __
= ​ ____________
___________
x
  
1
​  5 ​  ​
)
    ​ dx

÷( )
(t2 + 1) 2
__ __1
​ ​ 2 – ​  2 ​ +   ​  4 ​  ​ ​
= 2 tan–1 t + c x x

283. We have,
1
(
= 2 tan–1  ​​ x + __
1/2
​ x ​ + 1 ​​ ​ + c )
(
2
Let ​ 2 – ​ __2 ​ + __
x
1
)
​  4 ​  ​ = t2
x

2
dx
– 1  ​ × _______
Ú  ​ x_____ ​  _____  ​
fi ​ __
x
4
(x
4
)
​  3 ​ – ​ __5 ​  ​ dx = 2t dt

​÷x + 1 ​
2 4
x +1
1 2t dt
​   ​ Ú  ____
= __ ​  ​
x2 – 1  ​ × ___________
= Ú  ​ _______
dx
​  __________
    ​ 4 t
( ) ÷( )
1
__ __1 1
x​ x + ​ x ​  ​ ​ x   ​ x2 +   
2
​  2 ​  ​ ​ = __
​   ​ × t + c
x 2
2
dx
( )
= Ú  ​  x –
_________ 1 ___________
 ​ × ​  __________
    ​ 1 2 1 1/2
= __
​   ​ × ​​ 2 – __
​  2 ​ – __
​  4 ​  ​​ ​ + c
( ) ÷ ( )
1 1
x2  ​ x + __
​ x ​  ​ ​ x2  ​ x2 +    ​ __2 ​  ​ ​ 2 x x
x
 Indefinite Integrals 1.77

285. We have,
= ​ – t dt ​
Ú  ____
( )
x –1 4 1+t
Ú  ​​ ____________
  
_________  ​  ​ dx
2
x  ​÷x + x + 1 ​
4 2 = Ú  ​( ____
​ 
t+1
1
 ​ – 1 )​ dt

( ÷( )
4
x –1 = log |t + 1| – t + c
= Ú  ​ ​ ________________
     
_____________  ​  ​ dx
1
x  ​ x  ​ x + __
2 2 2
​  2 ​  
x
+ 1 ​ ​
)
|
= log ​ 1 + ​​ 1 + __
x (
1 1/2
)| (
​  2 ​  ​​ ​  ​ – ​​ 1 + __
1 1/2
​  2 ​  ​​ ​ + c
x )

( ( ))( )
x4 – 1 287. We have,
​ ​ _____ ​  ​
x3
= Ú  ​​  ___________
____________      ​  ​ dx 2
​ x – 3x   
– 1 ​ dx
Ú  __________
÷
2 1
__
​ ​ x + ​  2 ​  + 1 ​ ​ 4
x +x +12
x

( ( ))
x2 – 1  ​ dx – __
= Ú ​ _________
3
​  2x
​   ​ Ú  _________  ​dx
( )
​ x – __
1
​  3 ​  ​
x
= Ú   ​​ ____________
x + x2 + 1
4 2 x4 + x2 + 1
      ​  ​ dx
( )
___________ 1
​ 1 – __
÷
1 ​  2 ​  ​
​ ​ x2 + __
​  2 ​  + 1 ​ ​ x 3 2x     ​ dx
x = Ú   ​ __________ ​   ​ Ú  __________
    ​ dx – __ ​ 
2 1
__ 2 x4 + x2 + 1
x + ​  2 ​ + 1

(
Let ​ x2 + __
1
​  2 ​ + 1 ​ = t2
) x

(
fi ​ 2x – __
x
2
)
​  3 ​  ​ dx = 2t dt
(
​ 1 – __
= Ú ​ ___________
x
1
​  2 ​  ​
)
    ​ dx – __
3
​  2x
​   ​ Ú  _________  ​ dx
x
( 1 2
__ )
​​ 1 – ​ x ​  ​​ ​ – 1
2 x4 + x2 + 1

(
fi ​ x – __
x
1
)
​  3 ​  ​ dx = t dt
( 1
Put ​ x + __ )
​ x ​  ​ = t and x2 = z
= ​ t dt ​
Ú  ___ t (
fi ​ 1 + __
1
)
​ x  ​  ​ dx = dt and 2x dx = dz
2
= Ú  dt 3 dz
= ​  dt  ​ – __
Ú  _____ ​   ​ Ú  ________
​   ​
=t+c 2
t –1 2 2 z +z+1

( x
1 1/2
= ​​ x2 + ​ __2 ​ + 1 ​​ ​ + c
) 1
= __
t–1
| | 3
​   ​ log ​ ​ ____  ​  ​ – __
2 t+1 2 ÷
2
​   ​ × ___
2z + 1
​  __ ​ tan– 1 ​ ​ ______
​ 3 ​ (
__ ​  ​ + c
​÷3 ​ )

| |
286. We have,
( 1
)
​ 
2
dx   
Ú  _____________
_____
x  ​( x + ÷
 ​
​ 1 + x  ​ )​
2
1
__
​ x + __
= ​   ​ log ​​ 
2
(
​ x ​  ​ – 1
__________
​ x + __
1
    ​  ​ – ÷
  
)
​ x ​  ​ + 1
__ 2(x2) + 1
​ 3 ​ tan–1 ​ ​ ________ (
__ ​  ​ + c
​÷3 ​ )
dx   
= Ú  _________________
​    
_________  ​ 288. The given integral is
( ÷ ( ))
x2  ​ x + ​ x2 ​ 1 + __
x
1
​  2 ​  ​ ​  ​
​  4
dx
Ú ___________
  ​  =
sin x + cos4x
sec x
Ú ________
​  4
tan x + 1
4
 ​ dx
dx     ​
= Ú  
________________
​     _______ (1 + tan2x) sec2x
( ÷( ) )
x   ​ x + x ​ ​ 1 + __
2 1
​  2 ​  ​ ​  ​
x
= Ú ​ ______________
  
  
tan4x + 1
 ​ dx

(
= ​ 1 + __
1
)
​  2 ​  ​ = t2
x


Put tan x = t
fi sec2 x dx = dt

( )
2
1 +1
Put ​ 1 + __ ​  2 ​  ​ = t2
x
= Ú ​ t______
4
t +1
 ​ dt
2 and then solve it.
fi – ​ __3 ​ dx = 2t dt
x 289. The given integral is
dx
___ dx 1 2
fi ​  3 ​ = – t dt

x
Ú _____
​  4 ​   ​ Ú _______
 ​ = __
x + 1 2 (x4 + 1)
​   ​ dx
1.78 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

2
2
1 (x + 1) – (x – 1)
2
= ​ __ ​ Ú ​  _______________
(x4 + 1)
  
 ​
   dx
(
= – ​​ 1 + __
1 1/4
)
​  4 ​  ​​ ​ + c
x

(x2 + 1) 294. The given integral is

1 1 x2 – 1
​   ​ Ú
= __ ​ _______ ​   ​ Ú
 ​  dx – __ ​ _______  ​ dx
( )
2 4 2 4
(x4 + 1) x –1
(x + 1) Ú ​ ​ _____________
    ​  ​ dx
__________
and then you do it. x  ​÷x + x   
2 4 2
+ 1 ​
290. The given integral is x –1 4
= Ú ​ ________________
       ​ dx
______________

÷( )
2 2
x dx 1 2x 1
Ú _____
​  4
x +1
​   ​ Ú _____
 ​ = __
2
​  4
x +1
 ​ dx x2 ​ x2 ​ x2 + __
​  2 ​  
+ 1 ​ ​
x
2 2 4
1 (x + 1) + (x – 1) x –1
​   ​ Ú ​  ________________
= __  ​
  
   dx = Ú ​ ______________
       ​ dx
____________

÷( )
2 x4 + 1 1
x3 ​ ​ x2 + __​  2 ​ +  1 ​ ​
2 2 x
1 (x + 1) 1 (x – 1)
​   ​ Ú ​ _______
= __ ​   ​ Ú
 ​ dx + __ ​ _______  ​ dx 1
2 x4 + 1 2 x4 + 1 x – __
​  3 ​
x
and then you do it. = Ú ​ ____________
____________     ​ dx

÷( )
1
291. The given integral is ​ ​ x + __
2
​  2 ​ +   1 ​ ​
2 x
2dx + 1) – (x2 – 1)
(x_______________
Ú x4 + 1 Ú
_____
​   ​ 
= ​ 

(x2 + 1)
x4 + 1
 ​
     dx

(x 2
– 1)

(
Put ​ x2 + __
x
1
​  2 ​ + 1 ​ = t2
)
= Ú ​ _______ Ú _______

and then you do it.

4
x +1
 ​ dx – ​  4
x +1
 ​ dx
x
1
​ x – ​ __3 ​  ​ dx = t dt
( )
292. The given integral is = Ú dt

( ) 4
x +1
Ú ​ ______
​  6  ​  ​ dx
=t+c
__________

÷
x +1 1
= ​ x2 + __
​  2 ​   
+ 1 ​ + c
(x 2
+ 1)2 – 2x2 x
= Ú ​ _____________
  
(x6 + 1)
  
 ​ dx 295. The given integral is
dx dx
Ú __________
​  2     ​ = Ú ___________
​      ​
= Ú
(x2 + 1)2 – 2x2
​  __________________
      ​ dx
(x2 + 1) (x4 – x2 + 1)
5 4/5
x (1 + x ) 6 1 4/5
__
( )
x  ​​ 1 + ​  5 ​  ​​ ​
x

= 4
(x2 + 1)
Ú ​ ___________
2
(x – x + 1)
2 3x
​   ​ Ú _______
    ​ dx – __
3
​  3 2
(x ) + 1
 ​ dx
2

(
Put ​ 1 + __
x
1
)
​  5 ​  ​ = t5

5
fi – ​ __6 ​ dx = 5t4 dt
(x2 + 1) 2
= Ú ​ ___________
    ​ dx – __
(x4 – x2 + 1)
​   ​ tan– 1 (x3) + c
3
x
1
fi – ​ __6 ​ dx = t4 dt
and then you do it. x
293. The given integral is = – Ú dt
dx dx
Ú __________
​  2     ​ = Ú ___________
​      ​ = –t + c
x (1 + x4)3/4 5 1 3/4
__
( )
x  ​​ 1 + ​  4 ​  ​​ ​
x
(
= – ​​ 1 + __
1 1/5
)
​  5 ​  ​​ ​ + c
x

(
Let ​ 1 + __
1
)
​  4 ​  ​ = t4
296. The given integral is
x
( )
2
–1
x _____
–1
Ú ​ ​ ________  ​  ​ dx
​ ___5 ​ dx = t3 dt x ​÷1 + x  ​
4

x
(x2 – 1)
= – Ú dt = Ú ​ __________
   ​ dx
_______

÷
1
= –t + c x ​ x + __
2 2
​  2 ​ ​
x
 Indefinite Integrals 1.79

= Ú
(
​ 1 – __
​ ____________
_______
1
)
​  2 ​  ​
x
      ​ dx
​ 1 + __
(
x
1
​  2 ​  ​
)
= – Ú ​ _______ ​ × ____________
dx
​ __________     ​
÷( 1 2
​ ​​ x + __ )
​ x ​  ​​ ​ ​ – 2
1
__( ) ÷( 1 2
​ x – ​ x ​  ​ ​ ​​ x – __
​ x ​  ​​  
​ + 3 ​ )
(1
Let ​ x + __
​ x ​  ​ = t )
1
(
Let ​ x – __
​ x ​  ​ = t )

( x
1
)
fi ​ 1 –  ​ __2 ​  ​ dx = t4 dt

x (
1
fi ​ 1 –  ​ __2 ​  ​ dx = dt
)
dt
= Ú ______
​  _____  ​

dt
= – Ú _______
​  _____  ​
÷​ t – 2 ​
2
_____ t​÷t + 3 ​
2

|
= log ​ t + ​÷t2 – 2 ​  ​ + c |
t dt
= – Ú ________
​  _____  ​

|( |
______
t÷2 2

1
= log ​ ​ x + __
​ x ​  ​ + ​ x2 + __)
1
÷
​  2 ​ ​  ​ + c
x
​ t + 3 ​
Let t2 + 3 = v2

297. The given integral is fi 2t dt = 2v dv
v dv
dx = – Ú ________
​  2 ​
Ú ____________
​  __________
    ​ (v – 3)v
x÷​ x + 3x2  
4
+ 1 ​
dv
= – Ú _______
​  2  ​
dx (v – 3)
= Ú ____________
​  __________
    ​

÷ | |
1 __
x  ​ x + __
2 2
​  2 ​   
+ 3 ​ 1__ v – ​÷3 ​
x = – ​ ____  ​ log ​_______
​  __ ​  ​ + C
2​÷3 ​ v+÷ ​ 3 ​
__2

| |
​  2 ​ _____ __
1
= __
x
​   ​ Ú __________
​  __________    ​ dx
1__
= – ​ ____
÷​ t_____
2
+ 3 ​ – ÷
 ​ log ​​ ___________
​ 3 ​
  
   __ ​  ​ + c

÷
2 2 1
__ 2​÷3 ​ ​÷t + 3 ​ + ÷
2
​ 3 ​
​ x + ​  2 ​   
+ 3 ​

| |
x _________
__

÷
1
 ​ x2 + __
1 (
​ 1 + __
x
1

​   ​ Ú ​  _________________
= __
x) (
​  2 ​  ​ – ​ 1 – __
1
​  2 ​  ​
)
1__
= – ​ ____
x
+ 1 ​ – ​÷3 ​
​  2 ​  
 ​ log​ ​  ________________
_________      __ ​  ​ + c

÷
_________       ​ dx 2​÷3 ​ 2 1
__ + 1 ​ + ÷
​ x + ​  2 ​   ​ 3 ​
÷
2 2 1
__
​ x + ​  2 ​   + 3 ​ x
x
299. The given integral is

1
​   ​  Ú
= __
(
​ 1 + __
x
​ __________
1
​  2 ​  ​
__________
)
1
    ​ dx – __
​ 1 – __
x
​   ​ Ú ​ ___________
__________
1
​  2 ​  ​
    ​ dx
( ) Ú ​( ​ x_____
2

x ​ )​ × ​  4
–1 dx
___________
    ​
___________
​÷x + 3x   
2

÷ ÷
2 1
__ 2 1 + 1 ​
2
​ x + ​  2 ​   + 3 ​ ​ x2 + __
​  2 ​   
+ 3 ​
x x
=
(
Ú ​ 1 – __1
) dx
​  2 ​  ​ × __________
​  __________
    ​

1
​   ​ Ú ​ ____________
= __
(
​ 1 + __
1
​  2 ​  ​
x 1 ) ​ 1 – __
1
​  2 ​  ​
x
​   ​ Ú ​ _____________
      ​ dx – __
___________ ___________     ​ dx
( ) x
÷
1
​ x + __
2
​  2 ​   
x
+ 3 ​

2
÷( 1 2
__
​ ​​ x – ​ x ​  ​​ ​  
+ 5 ​)2
​ ​​ x + ​​1x ​ ​ ​​ ​  
2
÷(
+ 1 ​ ) = Ú (
​ 1 – __
1
) dx
​  2 ​  ​ × ____________
​  _______    ​
x
÷( 1 2
​ ​​ x + ​ __ )
x ​  ​​ ​ ​ + 1

|( |
__________
) ÷ |( |
1 1 1 __________
= __
​   ​ log ​ ​ x – __
​ x ​  ​ + ​ x2 + __
2
​  2 ​   
x
+ 3 ​  ​

1
= log ​ ​ x + __ )
​ x ​  ​ + ​ x2 + __
1
÷
​  2 ​   
x
+ 3 ​  ​ + c

1 1
– ​ __ ​ tan–1 ​ x + __
2
( )
​ x ​  ​ + c 300. The given integral is

298. The given integral is xx(x2x + 1) (ln x + 1)

Ú ​ _________________
  
 ​
   dx

( )
2 (x4x + 1)
+1 dx
Ú ​ ​ x______
2
 ​  ​ × ___________
​  __________
    ​ Let xx = t
1–x 4 2
​÷x + x   
+ 1 ​
fi xx(1 + ln x) dx = dt
1.80 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster
2009
2 x
=
t +1
Ú ______
​  4  ​ dt = Ú __________
​      ​ dx
(1 + x2)1006
t +1

( )
2009
1 x
​ 1 + __
​  2 ​  ​ = Ú ______________
​      ​ dx
= Ú
t
​ _______ ​ dt
t + __
2 1
​  2 ​
x2012
(
1 1006
__
)
 ​​ 1 + ​  2 ​  ​​ ​
x
t dx
= Ú ____________
​      ​

(
​ 1 + __
1
)
​  2 ​  ​
t
3
(
x  ​​ 1 + __
)
1 1006
​  2 ​  ​​ ​
x
= Ú ​ __________    ​ dt
( 1 2
__
)
​​ t – ​  ​  ​​ ​+ 2
t

( 1
x )
Let ​ 1 + ​ __2 ​  ​ = t

2
( ( ))
1 1 1 fi __
– ​  3 ​ dx = dt
= ___
​  __ ​ tan– 1 ​ ___
​  __ ​ ​ t – __
​  ​  ​  ​ + c x
÷
​ 2 ​ ​÷2 ​ t
dx ___
___ dt
fi ​  3 ​ = ​   ​

÷
1
​ 2 ​ (
1
​  __ ​ tan– 1 ​ ___
= ___ )
​  __ ​ (x x – x– x) ​ + c
​÷2 ​

1 dt
= – ​ __ ​ Ú ____
​   ​
x – 2

2 t1006
301. The given integral is
1 t– 1005
x2 – 1 = – ​ __ ​ × ______
​   ​ + C
Ú​ _______________
       ​ dx
____________ 2 – 1005
x3 ​÷2x4 – 2x2   
+ 1 ​ 1
= __________
​      ​ + C
2
(x – 1) 2010 × t1005
= Ú ​ ______________
      ​ dx
____________

÷( ) 1
2 1
x5 ​ ​ 2 – __ __
​  2 ​ +  
​  4 ​  ​ ​ = ​ _________________
    ​ + C
x x __
(
1 1005
2010 × ​​ 1 + ​  2 ​  ​​ ​
x )
= Ú
( )​ __
1
​  3 ​ – __
x
____________
​  ___________
x
  
1
​  5 ​  ​
    ​ dx
303. We have,

÷( ) 2 1 (2x + 1) dx
__
​ ​ 2 – ​  2 ​ +   __
​  4 ​  ​ ​ Ú ​ _____________
    ​
  
(x2 + 4x + 1)3/2
x x

( ) Let ​ 2 – __
2
​  2 ​ + __1
​  4 ​  ​ = t2
=
(2x + 1) dx
Ú ​ _______________
  
    ​
( )
x x 4 __ 1 3/2
3 __
x  ​​ 1 + ​ x ​ + ​  2 ​  ​​ ​

( ) fi ​ __
x
4
​  2 ​ – __4
​  4 ​  ​ dx = 2t dt
x 2
​  2 ​ + __
__
x
1
​  3 ​

( ) fi ​ __
1
​  3 ​ – __
1 1
​  5 ​  ​ dx = __
​   ​ tdt = Ú x
​ _____________
x
      ​ dx

1
​   ​Ú
= __
tdt
___
​  ​
x x 2
( 4 __
__ 1 3/2
)
​​ 1 + ​ x ​ + ​  2 ​  ​​ ​
x
2 t

1
​   ​ Ú
= __
2
dt
Let ​ 1 + __
( 4
​ x ​ + __
x
1
)
​  2 ​  ​ = t2

4 2
1 fi – ​ __2 ​ – __​  3 ​dx = 2t dt
= __
​   ​ t +c x x
2

( )
__________ 2 1
fi ​ __ __
÷
1 2 1 ​  2 ​ + ​  3 ​  ​ dx = – t dt
= __
​   ​ ​ 2 – __ __
​  2 ​ +  
​  4 ​ ​ + c x x
2 x x
____________ t dt
= – Ú ​ ___
÷
2x4 – 2x2 + 1  ​
= ​ ​ ____________
 ​ ​
   + c
   t3
2x2
dt
= – Ú __ ​  2 ​
302. The given integral is t

( ) 1
2009
x = ​ __​ + c
Ú ​ __________
​      ​  ​ dx
(1 + x2)1006

t
 Indefinite Integrals 1.81
1 t ◊ 2t dt
= __________
​  __________    ​ + c = Ú ______
​  4  ​
÷
4 __ 2
​ 1 + __
​ x ​ +  
​  2 ​ ​ t +1
x 2
2t dt
304. We have,
____ ____
= Ú _____
​  4
t +1
 ​

Ú ( ​ cot x ​ – ​÷tan x ​
÷
​ ​ ____________  
1 + 3 sin 2x
   ​  ​ dx ) =
(t2 – 1) + (t2 + 1) dt
Ú ​  _________________
 ​  
  
t4 + 1
​  ____ ​ ​( ​ _____________
​÷tan x ​ 1 + 6 sin x cos x )
1 1 – tan x
= Ú _____     ​  ​ dx
(t2 – 1) dt (t2 + 1) dt
Ú ​ ________  ​ + Ú _________
( )
1 1 – tan x = ​  4  ​
= Ú _____
​  ____ ​ ​ ​ _____________
    ​  ​ sec2x dx
​÷tan x ​ sec2x + 6 tan x
t4 + 1 t +1

=
1
Ú _____ ( 1 – tan x
​  ____ ​ ​ ​ ________________
      ​  ​ sec2x dx
​÷tan x ​ tan2x + 6 tan x + 1 ) = Ú
(​ 1 – __
t
1

​ _________
)
​  2 ​  ​ dt
 ​ + Ú
(
​ 1 + __
t
1

​  _________
)
​  2 ​  ​ dt
 ​
1 1
t2 + __ ​  2 ​ t2 + __ ​  2 ​
= ( 1–t 2
Ú __​ 1t ​ ​ ​ _________
t4 6t2 + 1 )
 ​  ​ 2t dt t t

Ú(
( ​ 1 – __
1
)
​  2 ​  ​ dt
(
​ 1 + __
1
)
​  2 ​  ​ dt

1–t
= 2 ​ ​ __________
    ​  ​ dt
t4 + 6t2 + 1
2

) = Ú
(
t
___________
​ 
1 2
__
)
      ​ +
​​ t + ​  ​  ​​ ​ – 2
Ú
(
t
​  __________
1 2
__
)
    ​
  
​​ t – ​  ​  ​​ ​ + 2

( )
t t
1
__

| |
​  2 ​ – 1
( )
(( ))
t __
= 2 Ú ​ ​ _________     ​  ​ dt 1
​ t + ​ __​  ​ – ​÷2 ​
1
​ t – ​ __​  ​
1 1 t 1 t
t + __
2
​  2 ​ + 6 = ____
​  __ ​ log ​ ​ ___________   
   ___ – 1
__ ​ ​ + ​  __ ​ tan  ​ ​ 
______
__ ​  ​ + c
t 2​÷2 ​ 1
( )
​ t + ​ __​  ​ + ​÷2 ​ ​÷2 ​ ​÷2 ​

(( ) )
1 t
__

| |
​  2 ​ – 1

( )
t
= 2 Ú ​ ​  _______ 1 __
 ​+ 4 ​ dt ​ x2 + __
​  2 ​  ​ – ​÷2 ​
12
​​ t + __ ​  ​  ​​ ​ 1 x
t = ____
​  __ ​ log ​ ​  _____________   
   __ ​  ​
= 2 Ú ​ _____
​  2
z +4
dz
( )
 ​  ​ Let z = ​ t + __
1
​  ​  ​
t ( )
2​÷2 ​ 2
x
1
__
(
​ x + ​  2 ​  ​ + ÷​ 2 ​
)
( )
(( ))
1
fi dx = ​ 1 – __
2
​  2 ​  ​dx ​ x2 – __
1
​  2 ​  ​
t 1 x
+ ​ ___
__ ​ tan–1 ​ ​ ________
__ ​  ​ + c
= 2 × __
1
​   ​ tan– 1 ​ __
2
z
​   ​  ​ + c
2 () ÷
​ 2 ​ ​÷2 ​

306. We have,
 ​( __ ​  ​ )​ )​ + c
​   ​ ​( t + __
1 1
= tan–1 ____ ____
2 t
Ú (​÷tan x ​ – ​÷cot x ​) dx
= tan–1 ​ __
2 (
1 ____
​   ​ ​÷tan x ​ + ÷
____
​ cot x ​  ​ + c ) = ( ____
) 1
Ú ​ ​÷tan x ​ – _____
​  ____ ​  ​ dx
​÷tan x ​

= Ú ​( ​ _______ ​ )​ dx
305. We have, tan x – 1
____ ____
Ú ​÷tan x ​ dx ​ tan x ​
÷

Put tan x = t2 Put tan x = t2

fi sec2x dx = 2t dt fi sec2x dx = 2t dt
2t dt 2t dt
fi dx = _____
​  2 ​ fi dx = _____
​  2 ​
sec x sec x
2t dt 2t dt
= ________
​  ​ = ________
​  ​
1 + tan2x 1 + tan2x
2t dt 2t dt
= _____
​   ​ = _____
​   ​
1 + t4 1 + t4
1.82 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

( )
| |
2
( )
t –1 __
= Ú ​ ______
​  4
t +1
 ​  ​ 2t dt __
1
​ t + __
​  ​  ​ – ​÷2 ​
t
= ​÷2 ​ log ​ ​ ___________   
   __ ​  ​ + c
1
t + __
Ú( )
​  ​ + ÷​ 2 ​
t2 – 1 ____ 2t dt t
= ​ ​ ______ ​  ​ ​  ​

| |
4
t +1 t ____ ____ __
__ (​÷cot x ​ + ​÷tan x ​) – ÷​ 2 ​
= ​÷2 ​ log ​​ ___________________
____    
   
____ __ ​  ​ + c

Ú( ) t2 – 1 ​ tan x ​) + ÷
(​÷cot x ​ + ÷ ​ 2 ​
= ​ ​ ______ ​  ​ dt
t4 + 1 309. Do yourself

( )
310. Do yourself
1
1 – __
​  2 ​ ____ ____
= Ú t
​ ​ _____  ​  ​ dt 311. Ú (4​÷tan x ​ + ​÷4 cot x ​)2 dx
1
t + __
2
​  2 ​ ____ ____
t = Ú (​÷tan x ​ + ​÷cot x ​ + 2) dx

(( ) ) (
Ú ​ ​ tan )
1 x+1
________
1 – __​  2 ​ = ____ ​ + 2 ​ dx
t ​÷tan x ​
= Ú ​ ​ __________
1 2
    ​  ​ dt
= 2x + Ú ​(________
​ tan x ​ )
__
​​ t + ​  ​  ​​ ​ – 2 tan x + 1
t ​   ​  ​ dx
____
÷

|( )|
( )
__

( )
1
​ t + __​  ​  ​ – ​÷2 ​ t2 + 1
1 t = 2x + 2 Ú ​ ______
​  4  ​  ​ dt Let tan x = t2
= ____
​  __ ​ log ​ ​ ​  ___________   
   __ ​  ​  ​ + c t + 1
2​÷2 ​
( )
1
​ t + __
​  ​  ​ + ÷
t
​ 2 ​

fi sec2 dx = 2t dt
2t

fi dx = _____
​   ​dt

| |
____ ____ __
1 (​÷tan x ​ + ​÷cot x ​) – ÷​ 2 ​ 1 + t4
= ____
​  __ ​ log ​ ​ ___________________

( )
____    
   
____ __ ​  ​ + c
2​÷2 ​ ​ cot x ​) + ÷
(​÷tan x ​ + ÷ ​ 2 ​ 1
1 + __
​  2 ​
t
307. Do yourself = 2x + 2 Ú ​ ​ _____  ​  ​ dt
1
t2 + __​  2 ​
308. Ú ( ____
​ ​÷cot x ​ –
1
​ _____ )
____ ​  ​ dx =
( cot x – 1
Ú ​ ________ )
​  ____ ​  ​ dx t

(( ) )
​ cot x ​
÷ ​÷cot x ​
1
1 + __ ​  2 ​
2
Let cot x = t t
= 2x + 2 Ú ​ ​ __________
1 2
__
    ​  ​ dt
2 ​​ t – ​  ​  ​​ ​ + 2
– cosec x dx = 2t dt t
2t
dx = – ​ ______4 ​ dt
1+t
1
= 2x + 2 × ___
1
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ___
÷
​ 2 ​ ( ( ))
1
​  __ ​ ​ t – __
​÷2 ​
​  ​  ​  ​ + c
t

Ú ​( t 2 – __​ 1t ​ )​ × ______

2t
( )
__ 1
= ​   ​ dt
1 + t4 = 2x + ​÷2 ​ tan–1 ​ ___
​  __ ​ (tan x – cot x) ​ + c
÷
​ 2 ​
(
t –1 2
= 2 Ú ​ ​ ______
t4 + 1
 ​  ​ dt) 312. We have,
2

( )
dx sec x
1 – __
1
​  2 ​
Ú ______________
​  ____
(​÷sin x ​ + ÷
  4 ​ = Ú ___________
____
​ cot x ​)
​  ____   4 ​ dx
(​÷tan x ​ + 1)
t
= 2 Ú ​ ​ _____  ​  ​ dt
1 Put tan x = t2
t2 + __​  2 ​

t fi sec2 x dx = 2t dt

(( ) )
1
1 – __ ​  2 ​ dt
= 2 Ú ​ ​ ___________
t
    ​  ​ dt
= Ú ______
​ 
(t + 1)4
 ​
1 2
__
​​ t + ​  ​  ​​ ​ – 2 4
t = – ​ _______3 ​ + c

| |
(t + 1)
( )
1 __
​ t + __
​  ​  ​ – ​÷2 ​ 4

1 t
​  __ ​ log ​ ​ ___________
= 2 × ___   
   = – ​ ___________
____     ​ + c
1 __ ​  ​ + c (​÷tan x ​ + 1)3
​÷2 ​ t + __
​  ​ + ÷​ 2 ​
t
 Indefinite Integrals 1.83

Integration by Parts ​ 
1
= x log (x2 + 1) – 2 Ú  ​ 1 – _____
1 + x2 (
 ​  ​ dx
)
313. We have, = x log (x2 + 1) – 2(x – tan–1 x) + c
Ú  x ex dx = x Ú  ex dx – Ú  (1 ◊ ex) dx 319. We have,

= xex – ex + c
Ú  tan–1 x dx = Ú  {tan–1 x ◊ 1}dx
x
314. We have, = tan–1 (x) Ú  dx – Ú  ​ _____2 ​ dx
1+x
Ú  x sin x dx = x Ú  sin x dx – Ú  (1 – cos x)dx –1 1
__
= x tan (x) – ​   ​ log |1 + x2| + c
2
= x Ú  sin x dx + Ú  cos x dx
320. We have,

315. We have,
= – x cos x + sin x + c
( )
Ú  cos–1 ​​ 1______
–x
1 + x2
2
 ​  ​ dx

Ú  x2 sin x dx = Ú  (2 tan–1 x) dx

= x2 Ú  sin x dx – Ú  (2x – cos x) dx = 2 Ú  tan–1 x dx

= – x2cos x + 2 Ú  cos x dx
( ( ) )
1
= 2 ​ tan–1 x Ú  dx Ú  ​ ______
​   ​◊ x ​ dx ​
1 + x2
= – x2cos x + 2x Ú  cos x dx – 2 Ú  (1 sin x) dx

316. We have,
= – x2cos x + 2x sin x + 2 cos x + c
( 1
2
​ 
2x
​   ​ Ú  ​ ______
= 2 ​ x tan–1 x – __
1 + x2 ( ) )
 ​  ​ dx ​ + c

Ú  log x dx = Ú  (log x ◊ 1) dx
( 1
= 2 ​ x tan–1 x – __
​   ​ log |x2 + 1| ​ + c
2 )
321. We have,

1
= log x Ú  dx – Ú  ​ __ ( )
​ x  ​ ◊ x ​ dx

__
Ú  ​e​​ x ​​ dx
÷

= log x Ú  dx – Ú  1 ◊ dx Let x = t2

fi dx = 2 t dt
= x log x – x + c
= 2 Ú t et dt
317. We have,

Ú  (log x)2 dx = Ú  {(log x)2 ◊ 1} dx = 2 t Ú  et dt – Ú  (1 ◊ et) dt

( 1
= (log x)2 Ú  dx – Ú  ​ 2 log x ◊ ​__ )
x ​ ◊ x ​ dx
= 2 (t et – et) + c
__ __ __
= 2 (​÷x ​ ​e​​÷x ​ ​– e​ ​÷​ x ​​) + c
= x (log x) – 2 Ú  log x dx + c
2

322. We have,
= x (log x)2 – 2 (x log x – x) + c

318. We have,
Ú  ​(​ ________
1 + cos x )
x + sin x
​  ​ dx

x sin x
Ú  log (x2 + 1) dx = Ú  ​ ________​ dx + Ú  ​ ________​ dx
1 + cos x 1 + cos x
= Ú  (log (x2 + 1) ◊ 1) dx

= Ú  ​ 
x
x
2 sin ​ __ () ()
​   ​  ​ cos ​ __
2
x
​   ​  ​
2
x  ​ dx + Ú  ​ 
( )
________ ______________
= log (x2 + 1) Ú  dx – Ú  ​ _____
1
 ​ ◊ 2x ◊ x ​ dx x      ​ dx
​  2
x +1 2 cos2 ​ __()
​   ​  ​
2
2 cos2 ​ __ ​   ​  ​
2 ()
(x2
= x log (x2 + 1) – 2 Ú  ​ _____
​  2
x +1
 ​  ​ dx) ​   ​ Ú  x sec  ​( __
1
= __
2
​   ​ )​ dx + Ú  tan ​( __
2
2
x
​   ​ )​ dx
2
x
1.84 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

1
[ x
​   ​ ​ x Ú  sec2 ​ __
= __
2 () ( ( )) ]
x
​   ​  ​ dx – Ú  ​ 2 tan ​ __
2
​   ​  ​  ​ dx ​
2

4
[ (
cos 2q
​ p ​​ q Ú  sin 2q dq – Ú  ​ 1 ◊ – ______
= __ ) ]
​   ​  ​dq ​– x + c
2

() ​ p ​ ​[ q Ú  sin 2q dq + __ ​   ​ Ú  cos 2q dq ]​ – x + c

x
+ Ú  tan ​ __ ​   ​  ​ dx = __
4 1
2 2
1
= __ [ x
​   ​ ​ 2x tan ​ __
2 2 ( )] 2
x
​   ​  ​  ​ – Ú  tan ​ __ () x
​   ​  ​ dx + Ú  tan ​ __ ()
​   ​  ​ dx + c
2 = __ ​ p ​ ​[ ​( ________
4 – q cos 2q
​ 
2
​   ​ sin 2q ]​ – x + c
 ​ )​ + __
1
4
x
= x tan ​ __ ()
​   ​  ​ + c
2 p ​​[ – ​ 2 ​(q (1 – 2 sin q)) + ​ 2 ​ sin q cos q ]​– x + c
4 __
= ​ __
1 2 1
__
323. We have, _____

p ​​[ – ​ 2 ​ (sin x (1 – 2x )) + ​ 2 ​ x ​÷1 – x  ​ ]​– x + c

4 __ 1 1
______ = ​ __ –1 2 __ 2

–1
(÷1–x
Ú  tan  ​ ​ ​ _____
1+x )
​ ​  ​ dx
325. We have,
Let x = cos q
2
x
fi dx = – sin q dq Ú  ​ ______________
   ​ dx
(x sin x + cos x)2
_________
(÷
1 – cos q
= – Ú  tan  ​ ​ ​ _________​ ​ sin q dq
–1
1 + cos q )
x cos x
= Ú  ​ ____________
  ​  ◊ x sec x dx
x sin x + cos x

(÷ )
__________
2 sin2 (q/2) x cos x
= x sec x Ú ​ ____________
= – Ú  tan–1 ​ ​ ​ _________   ​ ​  ​ sin q dq   ​ dx
x sin x + cos x
2 cos2 (q/2)

q
( ( ))
= – Ú  tan–1 ​ tan ​ __
​   ​  ​  ​ sin q dq
2
(
(sec x + x sec x tan x)
  – Ú  ​ –  ​ _________________
     ​  ​ dx
x sin x + cos x )
x sec x
x sin x + cos x Ú

1
= – ​ __ ​ Ú  q sin q dq = ___________
​     ​ +   sec x dx + c
2

1
[
= – ​ __ ​ ​ q Ú  sin q q – Ú  (1  – cos q) dq ​
2
]
x sec x
= ​ ___________
   ​ + log |sec x + tan x| + c
x sin x + cos x
1 326. We have,
= – ​ __ ​ [– q cos q + sin q] + c
2 x tan x –1

1
Ú  ​ _________
(1 + x2)3/2
 ​ dx
= __
​   ​ [q cos q – sin q] + c
2
Let x = tan q
_____
​   ​ ​[ x cos–1 x – ​÷1 – x2 ​ ]​ + c
1 dx = 2 sec2q dq
= __ fi
2
tan q a tan–1 (tan q)
324. We have, = Ú  ​ _______________
    ​◊ sec2q dq
__ __ sec3q
sin–1 ​÷x ​ – cos–1 ​÷x ​
Ú  ​ ________________
__   
  
sin–1 ​÷x ​ – cos–1 ​÷x ​
__ ​ dx = Ú  q cos q dq
p

__
sin–1 ​÷x ​ – ​ __( __
​   ​ – sin–1 ​÷x ​  ​
2
= Ú  ​ _____________________
   
) = q Ú  cos q dq – Ú (1 . sin q) dq
p  ​
__
   dx
= q sin q + cos q + c
​   ​
2
p x 1

2
( –1 __
= ​ p ​ Ú  ​ 2 sin  ​÷x ​ – __
__
)
​   ​  ​ dx
2
= ​ _______
_____  ​ ◊ tan–1 x + ______
÷​ 1 + x  ​
2
​  ______ ​ + c.
÷​ 1  – x2 ​
4 __
​ p ​ Ú  sin–1 ​÷x ​ dx – Ú  dx
= __ 327. We have,
_____

Let x = sin2q
Ú sin–1 ​( ​÷_____
a  + x )
​ 
x
​ ​  ​ dx

fi dx = sin 2q dq Put x = a tan2q

4 fi dx = 2a tan q sec2q dq
​ p ​ Ú  sin–1 (sin q) sin 2q dq – x + c
= __ __________

4
p ​ Ú  q sin 2q dq – x + c
= ​ __
= Ú sin –1
(÷ ​ 
a tan2q
 ​ ​ __________
  
a + a tan2q )
  ​ ​2a tan q sec2q  dq
 Indefinite Integrals 1.85

Let x = t2
= 2a Ú sin–1 (sin q) tan q sec2q dq
dx = 2t dt
= 2a Ú q  tan q sec2q dq = 2 Ú t sin t dt
Let tan q = t
= 2 t Ú  sin t dt + Ú cos t dt + c
fi sec2q dq = dt
= 2 [– t cos t + sin t] + c
= 2a Ú t tan–1 t dt
__ __ __
= 2 [– ​÷x ​ cos ​÷x ​ + sin ​÷x ​] + c

[ ​ 
( ) ]
1 __
= 2a ​ tan–1 t  Ú t dt – Ú ​ _____  ​ 
1 + t2 2
t2
​ ​   ​ dt ​
331. The given integral is

Ú  x log (1 + x) dx

[
t
2
2
1
= 2a ​ ​ __ ​ tan–1 t – __
2 Ú( )]​ 
1
​   ​    ​ 1 – _____
1 + t2
 ​  ​ dt ​
1
= log (1 + x)  Ú  x dx – __
x2
​   ​ Ú ​ ______  ​ dx
2 (x + 1)
= a [t2 tan–1 t – t + tan–1 t] + c x2 1 (x – 1) + 1
2
​   ​ log (1 + x) – ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ __________
= __    ​ dx
2 2 (x + 1)
= a [(t2 + 1) tan–1 t – t] + c
= a [(tan2q + 1)q – tan q] + c
__ __

x2
= __
2
1
​   ​ log (1 + x) – __
2 ( ​ 
x+1
1
​   ​ Ú ​ x – 1 + _____  ​  ​ dx )

x
= a ​ ​ __ [( ) x
​ a ​ + 1 ​ tan–1 ​ __ ÷
x
​ a ​ ​ – ​ __ ÷ ]
​ a ​ ​  ​ + c

x2 1 x2
(
= ​ __ ​ log (1 + x) – ​ __ ​ ​ __
​   ​– x + log |x + 1| ​+ c )
328. The given integral is 2 2 2
332. The given integral is
Ú log (1 + x) dx
x Ú  (sin–1 x)2 dx
= log (1 + x) Ú dx – Ú ​ _____  ​ dx
x+1 sin–1 x
2x______
= (sin–1 x)2 Ú  dx – Ú  ​ ________  ​ dx
​ (
x+1
1
= x log(1 + x) – Ú  ​ 1 – _____  ​  ​ ) ÷​ 1 – x2 ​
sin–1 x
x______
= x log (1 + x) – (x – log|x + 1|) + c = x (sin–1 x)2 – 2  Ú  ​ _______  ​ dx
÷​ 1 – x2 ​
329. The given integral is
= x (sin–1 x)2 – 2 Ú q  sin q dq, Let sin–1 x = q
x – sin x
Ú ​ 1________
– cos x
​ dx
x
​ ______
_____ ​ dx = dq

x dx
= Ú ​ ________​ –
sin x
Ú 1_______
​  ​ dx ÷​ 1 – x2 ​
1 – cos x – cos x
= x (sin–1 x)2 – 2 Ú q sin q dq
x dx 2 sin (x/2) cos (x/2)
= Ú _________
​ 
2 sin2 (x/2)
 ​ – Ú ________________
​    
   ​
2 sin2 (x/2) dx
= x (sin–1 x)2 – 2 [q sin q dq + q cos q dq] + c

= x (sin–1 x)2 – 2 [– q cos q dq + cos q]

1
2
x
= ​ __ ​  Ú  x cosec2 (x/2) dx – Ú cot ​ __ ()
​   ​  ​ dx
2
______
= x (sin–1 x)2 – 2 [– ​÷1 – x2 ​ sin–1 x + x] + c

1
= __
2
[
​   ​  ​ x  Ú  cosec2 (x/2)dx + 2 Ú cot (x/2) dx ​ ]
______
= x (sin–1 x)2 + 2  Î​÷1 – x2  ​sin–1 x – x˚ + c
333. The given integral is
  – Ú cot (x/2) dx + c
x – sin x
1 Ú  ​ ________ ​ dx
​   ​ (– 2x cot (x/2)) + Ú  cot (x/2) dx
= __ 1 – cos x
2
x sin x
= Ú  ​ _______​ dx – Ú ​ ________​  dx
  – Ú  cot (x/2) dx + c 1  –  cos x 1 – cos x
= – cot (x/2) + c
x
= Ú  ​ ________
x
2 sin ​ __ () ()
​   ​  ​ cos ​ __
2
x
​   ​  ​
2
330. The given integral is x  ​ dx – Ú ______________
​  x     
 ​ dx

__
Ú  sin ​÷x ​ dx 2()
2 sin2 ​ __
​   ​  ​ ()
2 sin2 ​ __ ​   ​  ​
2
1.86 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

1
= __
2 () 2
x
​   ​ Ú  x cosec2 ​ __ () x
​   ​  ​ dx – Ú cot ​ __
​   ​  ​ dx
2
= Ú (2 tan–1 x) dx

= 2 Ú tan–1 x dx
​   ​ ​[ x Ú  cosec  ​( __ ​   ​ )​ dx – 1 ◊ ​( – 2 cot ​( __ ​   ​ )​ )​ dx ]​
1 x x
= __ 2
2 2 2

  – Ú cot ​( __ ​   ​ )​ dx
x
2

[ 1+x
x
= 2 ​ tan–1x Ú dx – Ú ​ _____2 ​ dx ​
]
​   ​ ​[ x ​( – 2 cot ​( __
1
= __
2 2
​   ​ )​ )​ dx ]​
​   ​ )​ )​ + Ú ​( 2 cot ​( __
x
2
x [ 1
]
​   ​ log ​| 1 + x2 |​  ​ + c
= 2 ​ x tan–1x – __
2
338. The given integral is
– Ú  cot ​( __ ​   ​ )​ dx + c
x

2 x3 sin–1 (x2)
= – x cot ​( __ ​   ​ )​ + c
x Ú  ​ _________
  
______  ​ dx

2 ​÷1 – x  ​
4

–1 2
334. The given integral is 1 2x sin______ (x ) × x2
​   ​ Ú   ​ ______________
= __   
 ​ dx
  
2
Ú x sin3x dx ​÷1 – x4 ​

cos3x
= x Ú sin3x dx – Ú ​ _____ (
​   ​ – cos x ​ dx
3 ) Let sin–1 (x2) = t
2x
fi ​ ______
(cos3x
= x ​ _____
cos3x
​   ​ – cos x ​ – ​ _____
3 ) Ú(
​   ​ – cos x ​ dx
3 ) ______ ​  dx = dt
÷​ 1 – x4 ​

(cos3x
= x ​ _____
1
​   ​ – cos x ​ – __
3 ) ( sin3x
​   ​ ​ sin x – _____
3
​   ​  ​
3 )
1
​   ​ Ú t sin t dt
= __
2

  + sin x + c = Ú [t Ú  sin t dt + Ú  cos t dt] + c

335. The given integral is 1
= __
​   ​ [– t cos t + sin t] + c
( sec 2x – 1
Ú  x ​ _________
​ 
sec 2x + 1
 ​  ​ dx )
2
1 [
__________
= ​ __ ​ ​ – sin–1 (– x2) ​÷1 – x4 +   ]
x2 ​  ​ + c
(
1 – cos 2 x
= Ú  x ​ _________
​ 
1 + cos 2 x
   ​  ​ dx) 2
339. The given integral is
= Ú x tan x dx 2
sec x (2 + sec x)
Ú ______________
 ​    
   ​ dx
(1 + 2 sec x)2
= Ú x(sec2x – 1) dx
2 cos x + 1
= Ú x sec2x dx – Ú dx = Ú​ __________
  
   ​
(cos x + 2)2
= x Ú sec2x dx – Ú  tan x dx – x + c cos x (cos x + 2) + sin x
= Ú ​ ___________________
     ​ 
  
= x tan x – log |sec x| – x + c (cos x + 2)2
cos x sin x
336. The given integral is = Ú ​ __________
   ​  dx + Ú  ​ __________
    ​
(cos x + 2) (cos x + 2)2

( ​ 
2x
Ú  sin–1 ​ 1_____
+ x2 )
 ​  ​ dx

1
(cos x + 2) Ú
= _________
​ 
sin x
 ​ cos dx – Ú ​ __________
    ​
(cos x + 2)2
= Ú (2 tan–1 x) dx
sin x
  + Ú ​ __________     ​  +c
= 2 Ú  tan–1x dx (cos x + 2)2
sin x
= ________
​   ​ + c

[ ​  x  ​ dx ​
= 2 ​ tan–1x Ú dx – Ú _____
1 + x2 ] cos x + 2
340. The given integral is
[
= 2 ​ x tan–1x – __
1
​   ​ log ​| 1 + x2 |​  ​ + c
2 ]
1–x
Ú ​ e_____
x
+x
​ dx.
337. The given integral is

​ 
2x
Ú tan–1 ​ 1_____
– x2 (
 ​  ​ dx
)
(1 + ex) – (x + ex)
= Ú ​ _______________
  
(ex + x)
 ​ dx
  
 Indefinite Integrals 1.87

(
(1 + ex)
= Ú ​ ​ _______
(ex + x)
 ​ – 1 ​ dx ) ​ 
(
x
= Ú e x ​ _________
1
 ​ + _________
​ 
(1 + x2)1/2 (1 + x2)3/2
 ​  ​ dx
)
= log |(ex + x)| – x + c ex x
= ​ _________  ​ + c
(1 + x2)1/2
341. We have,
345. We have,
Ú ex (sin x + cos x) dx
( )
2
x +1
We know that,
Ú ex ​​ _______
(x + 1)2
 ​  ​ dx

Ú ex [ f (x) + f ¢(x)] dx = ex f (x) + c

Here, f (x) = sin x fi f ¢(x) = cos x

(
x2 – 1 + 2
= Ú  e x ​ ​ _________
(x + 1)2
 ​  ​ dx
)
Thus,
Ú  e (sin x + cos x) dx = e
x x
sin x + c

(
(x + 1)(x – 1) + 2
= Ú e x ​ ​ ________________
  
(x + 1)2
 ​ 
   ​ dx
)
342. We have,

xe
Ú  ​ (x_______
x
 ​  dx

(
(x – 1)
​ 
(x + 1) (x + 1)2
2
= Ú e x ​ ​ ______  ​ + _______  ​  ​ dx
)
+ 1)2
ex (x + 1 – 1)
(
(x – 1)
= e x ​ ​ ______  ​  ​ + c
(x + 1) )
= Ú ​ ____________
  
(x + 1)2
 ​dx 346. The given integral is

x+1
(x + 1)( x
1
= Ú e x ​ ​ _______2 ​ – _____
​ 
+1
 ​  ​ dx
)

{
Ú ex ​ __​ 1x ​ – __
x
1
} 1
( ( ))
​  2 ​  ​ dx = Ú ex ​ __
x
1
​ x ​ + ​ – ​ __2 ​  ​  ​ dx

ex
= __
​ x ​ + c
​ 
1
= – Ú e x ​ _____
( ​ 
x + 1 (x + 1)2
1
 ​ – _______  ​  ​ dx
) 347. The given integral is

x+1
ex
= – ​ _____  ​ + c ​ 
(x
Ú ex ​ (x_______
+ 1)2
 ​  ​ dx
)
( )
343. We have, (x + 1) – 1
= Ú ex ​ __________
​      ​  ​ dx
Ú e x ​(_________
1 + cos 2 x )
2 + sin 2 x
​  ​  ​ dx (x + 1)2

2
(
= Ú  e x ​ _________
​ 
sin 2 x
​ + _________
​    ​  ​ dx )
​ 
1
(
= Ú ex ​ ______
1
 ​ – _______
​ 
(x + 1) (x + 1)2
 ​  ​ dx
)
1 + cos 2 x 1 + cos 2 x ex
= Ú ​ ______  ​ + c
​ 
2
= Ú  e x ​ ______
2 cos2x( 2 sin x cos x
​ + _________
​     ​  ​ dx
2 cos2x ) 348. The given integral is
(x + 1)

= Ú e x (sec2 x + tan x) dx Ú ex ​{________

1 – cos x }
1 – sin x
​  ​  ​ dx

= Ú e x (tan x + sec2 x) dx

x
= e tan x + c
​ 
1
(
= Ú ex ​ _______ ​ 
sin x
​ – _______
1 – cos x 1 – cos x
​  ​ dx )
344. We have,
(
1
= Ú ex ​ _________
​  2
2 sin (x/2)
2 sin (x/2) cos (x/2)
 ​ – ________________
​    
2 sin2 (x/2)
  
 ​  ​ dx
)

( + x + x3
Ú ex ​ ​ 1_________
(1 + x2)3/2
 ​  ​ dx
)
1
= Ú ex ​ __ (
​   ​ cosec2 (x/2) – cot (x/2) ​ dx
2 )

(
1 + x (1 + x2)
= Ú e x ​ ​ ____________
  
  
(1 + x2)3/2
 ​  ​ dx
)
1
2 (
= Ú ex (cot (x/2) + ​ – ​ __ ​ cosec2 (x/2) ​ dx )
​ 
1
(
= Ú e x ​ _________ ​ 
x
 ​ + _________  ​  ​ dx
) x x
2()
__
= – e cot ​ ​   ​  ​ + c
(1 + x2)3/2 (1 + x2)1/2
349. The given integral is
1.88 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

Ú  ex ​{_________
1 + cos 2 x }
2 + sin 2 x ex
​  ​  ​ dx = _______
​   ​ + c
(x + 1)2

(
2
= Ú  e x ​ _________
​ 
sin 2 x
  ​ + __________
​    ​  ​ dx ) 354. The given integral is

{ }
1 + cos 2 x 1 + cos 2 x 1 1
Ú ​ ____
​  ​ – ______
​   ​  ​ dx
​ 
2
(
= Ú  e x ​ ______
2 cos2 x
2 sin x cos x
​ + _________
​     ​  ​ dx
2 cos2 x ) log x (log x)2

= Ú  e x (sec2x + tan x) dx

1 1
= Ú e t ​ __
​  ​ – __
t t2
​   ​  ​ dt,
( ) Let t = log x
dx
fi dt = ____
​  log x ​
= Ú  e (tan x + sec x) dx
x 2
e
et
= ​ __​ + c
t
= e x tan x + c
x
350. The given integral is = ​ ____​ + c
log x

( ) ( )
2
x2 + 1 x (x – 1) + 2 355. The given integral is
Ú (x + 1)2
ex _______
 ​ ​   ​  ​ 
d x = Ú e  ​ __________
​      ​  ​ dx
(x + 1)2

( 1–x
Ú ex ​​​ ______ )
 ​  ​​ ​ dx
2

((x – 1)
​ 
2
= Ú  ex ​ ​ ______  ​ + _______
)
 ​  ​ dx
1 + x2

( )
(x + 1) (x + 1)2 (1 – x)2
= Ú  ex ​ ​ ________  ​  ​ dx
( (x – 1)
)
= ex ​ ​ ______  ​  ​ + c
(x + 1)
(1 + x2)2

351. The given integral is

log x

(
(1 + x2 – 2x)
= Ú  ex ​ ​ ___________
  
  
(1 + x2)2
 ​  ​ dx
)
Ú ​ (1
[ )]
__________
    ​ dx
+ log x)2
t
​ 
1
= Ú  ex ​ _______
(1 + x2)
​ 
– 2x
 ​ + ​ _______
(1 + x2)2 (
 ​  ​  ​ dx

te
= Ú  ​ ______2 ​ dt Let log x = t ex
(t + 1) = _______
​   ​ + c
dx (1 + x2)
fi dt = ____
​  log x ​
e 356. The given integral is
[(t + 1) – 1]et
= Ú ​ ____________
  
 ​dt
Ú  ex ​​(11​ _____
+ x)
–x
   2
(t + 1)2 ​  ​​ ​ dx

​ 
t+1
t
1
= Ú  et ​ ____
[ 1
(
 ​ + ​ – ​ ______2 ​  ​    ​dt
(t + 1) )]
(
(1 – x)2
= Ú ex ​ ​ _______2 ​  ​ dx
(1 + x) )
( )
e
= ____
​   ​ + c (1 + x2) – 2x
t+1 = Ú ex ​ ​ ___________
    ​  ​ dx
x (1 + x)2
= ________
​   ​  + c

( )
log x + 1 x2 – 1 – 2 (x – 1)
352. The given integral is = Ú ex ​ _______________
​    
 ​ 
   ​ dx
(x + 1)2

Ú e x ​( log x + __​ 1x ​ )​ dx = e x log x + c

353. The given integral is

(x2 – 1
(x + 1)
2 (x – 1)
= Ú e x ​ ​ _______2 ​ – ________
​ 
(x + 1)2
 ​  ​ dx
)

( x–1
Ú e  ​​ (x_______
x
+ 1)3
 ​  ​ dx
) ​ 
(
x2 – 1
= Ú e x ​ _______
(x + 1) 2
2 (x – 1)
 ​ – ________
​ 
(x + 1)2
 ​  ​ dx
)

(
(x + 1) – 2
= Ú ex ​ ​ __________
  
(x + 1)3
 ​  ​ dx
)
((
x–1
= Ú ex ​ ​ _____
​ 
x+1 )2(x – 1)
 ​  ​ – _______
​ 
(x + 1)2
 ​  ​ dx
)

[ 1
(x + 1)
2
(
= Ú  ​ ex ​ _______2 ​ + ​ – ​ _______3 ​  ​  ​ dx
(x + 1) )]
((x–1
= Ú e  ​ ​ _____
x
​ 
x+1 (x + 1) )
 ​ )​ – ​ ___________
2 (x + 1 – 2)
  
 ​  ​ dx 2

( xx +– 31 (x​  +4 1)  ​ )​ dx
= Ú e  ​ ​( ​ _____  ​ )​ – _______
x
2
 Indefinite Integrals 1.89

x–3
= Ú ex ​ _____
​ 
x+1
 ​  ​ + c ( )
x – tan x
= Ú esin x ​ _______
​ 
cos2x (​  ​ cos x dx
)
357. The given integral is Let sin x = t

( ) fi cos x dx = dt
2
x +1
Ú ex ​ ​ (1
_______  ​  ​ dx
+ x)2
( t
= Ú et ​ sin–1 t – ________
​ 
(1 – t2)3/2
 ​  ​ dt
)

(
x2 – 1 + 2
= Ú ex ​ ​ _________
(x + 1)2
 ​  ​ dx
) (( 1
= Ú et ​ ​ sin–1 t + ______
1
​  _____  ​  ​ – ​ ______
t
) (
​  _____  ​ + ________
​ 
t2)3/2
 ​  ​  ​ dt
))
÷​ 1 – t  ​
2
​÷1 – t  ​
2 (1 –

x2 – 1
(x + 1) ( 2
= Ú e  ​ ​ _______2 ​ + _______
x
​ 
(x + 1)2
 ​  ​ dx
) (
= et ​ sin–1 t + ______
1
​  _____  ​  ​ + c
)
÷​ 1 – t2 ​

x–1
= Ú e  ​ ​ _____
​ 
x+1
x
(( ) ​ 
2
 ​  ​ + _______
(1 + x)2
 ​  ​ dx
) = esin x (x + sec x) + c

x–1
= ex ​ _____
​ 
x+1 (
 ​  ​ + c ) 362.
(
Ú ex  ​ log x + __1
​  2 ​  ​ dx
x )
358. The given integral is = Ú ex ​ ​ log x – ​ __
{(
1 1 __
__ 1
)
x ​  ​ + ​ ​ x ​ + ​ x2 ​  ​  ​ dx ( )}
( )
_____
x (x + 1) + ​÷1  –  x  ​) 2
Ú ​ecos ​ ​ ​ _______________ 1
( )
–1
​   
   ​ ​ dx
______ = e x ​ log x – __
​ x ​  ​ + c
(x + 1)2 ÷
​ 1  –   x2 ​
Let cos–1 x = t
dx
{ 1
363. Ú ​ log (log x) + ______
​ 
(log x)2
 ​  ​ dx
}
fi ​ ______
______ ​ = – dt
÷​ 1 – x2 ​
( 1
= Ú  et ​ log t + __
​  2 ​  ​ dt,
t ) Let t = log x

( )
dx

1 + cos t + sin t
= – Ú  et ​ ​ _____________
      ​  ​ dt fi dt = ____
​  logx .​
(1 + cos t)2 e

​ 
1
= – Ú et ​ _________
( sin t
 ​ + _________
​ 
(1 + cos t) (1 + cos t)2
 ​  ​ dt
)
[( 1
= Ú  et ​ ​ log t – __
​  ​  ​ +
t ) ​( __​ 1t ​ + __​ t1 ​ )​ ]​ dt
2

et
= – ​ _______ ​ + c
1 + cos t
( 1
= et ​ log t – __
​  ​  ​ + c
t )

e​ cos
​ x​
= – ​ _____ ​ + c
–1 ( 1
= x ​ log (log x) – ​ ____​  ​ + c
log x )
1+x
( )
4
x +2
359. We have, 364. Ú ex ​​ _________
(1 + x2)5/2
 ​  ​ dx

Ú e (2sec x – 1) tan x dx
x 2

= Ú  e x (2 sec2x tan x – tan x) dx (

(1 + x2)2 + 1 – 2x2
= Ú e x ​ ​ ________________
(1 + x2)5/2
  
  
 ​  ​ dx
)
= Ú  e x [(sec2x – tan x) + (2 sec2x tan x – sec2x)] dx

= Ú e x (sec2x – tan x) + c
1
= Ú ex ​ ​ _______
({
​÷1 + x  ​
2
​ 
(1 –
x
​  _____  ​ – ________  ​  ​ ​
x2)3/2 ​ }
360. We have,
​ 
x
 ​+ ​ _________
​ (1 + x )
2 3/2
1 – 2x2
 ​ + ​ _________
(1 + x2)5/2
 ​  ​  ​ dx
{ })

Ú ex (log (sec x + tan x) + sec x) dx
= ex log (sec x + tan x) + c
1
= ex ​ _______
( x
​  ______ ​ + ________
​ 
÷​ 1 + x  ​ (1 – x )
2 2 3/2
 ​  ​ + c
)
361. We have, esin x (x cos3x – sin x)
365. Ú _________________
 ​      ​ dx
( 3
x cos x – sin x
Ú e sinx ​ ____________
​ 
cos2x
   ​  ​ dx ) cos2x

= Ú esin x (x cos x – sec x tan x) dx

= Ú esin x (x cos x – sec x tan x) dx
1.90 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

Let sin x = t
fi cos x dx = dt
​ 
(
4 sin 2 x cos 2 x _______
= Ú e2x ​ ____________
2 sin22x
4
  ​ – ​  2 ​  ​ dx
  
2sin 2x )
fi
dt
dx = ____
dt
​ cos x ​ = ______
​  _____  ​ = Ú e2x (2 cot 2 x + (– 2 cosec22x)) dx
÷​ 1 – t2 ​
= e2x cot 2x + c
t
(
​ 
t
= Ú e  ​ sin t – ________–1
(1 – t2)3/2
 ​  ​ dt
) 370. We have,

( 1
= Ú et ​ sin–1 t + ______
1
​  _____ ​ – ______
÷​ 1 – t  ​ ​÷1 – t  ​
2 2
​ 
(1 –
t
​  _____ ​ – ________
t2)3/2
 ​  ​ dt
)

Ú e2x (– sin x + 2 cos x) dx
= Ú e2x [2 cos x + (– sin x)] dx

( 1
= et ​ sin–1 t – ​ ______
_____  ​  ​ + c
÷​ 1  – t2 ​ )
371. We have,
= e2x 2 cos x + c

= esin x (x – sec x) + c
366. We have, Ú e2x ​( 1_________
​ 
+ cos 2 x )
1 + sin 2 x
​  ​ dx

( )
3
x –x–2
Ú ex ​ _________
​  2
(x + 1)2
 ​  ​ dx ( 1 + sin 2 x
= Ú e2x ​​ __________ )
  ​  ​ dx
1 + cos 2 x

​ 
(
(x3 + x) + (x2 + 1) + (1 – 2x2) – 2x
= Ú ex ​ _______________________________
    
(x2 + 1)2
 ​ 
    ​ dx
) = Ú e  ​( _________
1 + cos 2 x 1 + cos 2 x )
2x
​ 
1
​ 
sin 2 x
​ + _________ ​  ​ dx

(
x (x2 + 1) + (x2 + 1) + (1 – 2x2) – 2x
= Ú e  ​ ________________________________
​ x
      ​ 
    ​ dx
) ​ 
(
1
= Ú e2x ​ __________
  
2
1 + 2cos x
2 sin x cos x
​ + _________
​     ​  ​ dx
2 cos2x )
(x2 + 1)2
1
= Ú e2x ​ __ ( )
({
​   ​ sec2x + tan x ​ dx
}
x 1
= Ú  ex ​ ​ ​ _______
2
 ​ + _______
​  2  ​  ​ ​ 2
(x + 1) (x + 1) ​
1
​   ​  Ú  e2x (sec2x + 2 tan x) dx
= __
})

{
2 2
1–x – 2x
 ​+ ​ ​ _______
2 2
 ​ + _______
​  2  ​  ​  ​ dx
(x + 1) (x + 1)2 1
​ ​   ​  Ú e2x (2 tan x + sec2x) dx
= __
2
x
(
= Ú ex ​ _______
​  2
(x + 1) (x2 + 1)
1
 ​ + _______
​   ​  ​ + c
)
e2x 2 tan x
= ________
​ 
2
 ​ + c

(
x+1
= ex ​​ _______
(x2 + 1)
 ​  ​ + c
) 372. We have,
________
367. We have, Ú (
x
– ​ __ ​ ​÷1 – sin x ​
 ​e​ 2 ​ ​ _________
​ 
1 + cos x
​  ​ dx)
Ú e3x (3 sin x + cos x) dx = e3x sin x + c
(
– ​ __ ​ cos(x/2) – sin (x/2)
)
x
= Ú ​e​ 2 ​ ​ ________________
​      
 ​  ​ dx
368. We have, 2 cos2 (x/2)

( ( ) ( ) ( ))
x
e2x (sec2x + 2 tan x) dx – ​ __ ​ 1 x 1 x x
= Ú ​e​ 2 ​ ​ __
​   ​ sec ​ __
​   ​  ​ – ​ __ ​ sec ​ __
​   ​  ​ tan ​ __
​   ​  ​  ​ dx
2 2 2 2 2
= Ú e (2 tan x + sec x) dx
2x 2

= Ú ​e​ ​ ​( – ​ __ ​ sec ​( __ ​   ​ )​ )​ dx

x
​   ​ )​ + __
​   ​ sec ​( __
​   ​ )​ tan ​( __
– ​ __ ​
1 x 1 x x
2x 2
= e 2 tan x + c 2 2 2 2 2
x
369. We have,

– ​ __ ​ x
= Ú ​e​ 2 ​ sec ​ __ ()
​   ​  ​ + c
Ú e2x ​(___________
1 – cos 4 x )
2 sin 4 x – 4 2
​    
   ​ ​ dx
373. We have,

​  (
2 sin 4 x
= Ú e x ​ _________
2
​ – _________
​ 
1 – cos 4 x 1 – cos 4 x
​  ​ dx ) Ú e2 x [2 × log (sec x + tan x) + sec x] dx
= e2 x (log (sec x + tan x)) + c
 Indefinite Integrals 1.91

374. We have, = Ú e– 2t sin t dt, Let t = log x

Ú e sin 3 x dx
x
fi
dx
dt = ____
​  logx ​
ex e
= ______
​  2  ​ (1 ◊ sin 3 x – 3 cos 3 x) + c = Ú e– 2t sin t dt
1 + 32
ex e– 2t
= ___
​   ​  (sin 3 x – 3 cos 3 x) + c = ____
​   ​  (– 2 sin t – cos t) + c
10 5
375. We have, e– 2t
= – ​ ____
 ​  (– 2 sin t + cos t) + c
5
Ú  e4x cos 3 x dx e– 2 log x
= ______
​   ​  [2 sin (log x) + cos (log x)] + c
e4x 5
= ______
​  2  ​ (4 cos 3 x + 3 sin 3 x) + c
4 + 32 1
= – ​ ___2 ​ [2 sin (log x) + cos (log x)] + c
e 4x 5x
= ___
​   ​ (4 cos 3 x + 3 sin 3 x) + c
25 381. We have,
_____ ______
376. We have, Ú  ​÷4  – x2 ​ dx = __​ 2x ​ ​÷4 – x2 ​ + __​ 42 ​ sin–1 ​( __​ 2x ​ )​ + c
Ú  e2x sin 3 x dx
______


x
= __
x
​   ​ ​÷4 – x2 ​ + 2 sin–1 ​ __
2 ()
​   ​  ​ + c
2
e2x
= ______
​   ​ (2 sin 3 x – 3 cos 3 x) + c
(4 + 9) 382. We have,
_______ ________

Ú  ​÷1 – 9x  ​ dx = 3 Ú  ​÷​​( __​ 13 ​ )​​ ​ – x2 ​ dx

2
e2x 2
= ___
​   ​ (2 sin 3 x – 3 cos 3 x) + c

(÷ )
13
______ 1
__
377. We have, ​   ​

x __
2 9
1 2 9
__
2
x
= 3 ​ ​   ​  ​ ​   ​ – x  ​ – ​   ​ sin–1 ​ ___
__
( )
​   ​  ​  ​ + c
1/3
Ú e– x cos x dx ______

​ 
e
= ______
(1 + 1)
–x
 ​ (– cos x + sin x) + c
(÷
x 1
= 3 ​ __
​   ​ ​ __
2 9
​   ​ – x2 ​ –
18
1
___
​   ​ sin–1 ​   ​ )​ )​ + c
 ​( ___
x
1/3
383. We have,
–x _____ ______ _____
Ú ​÷x2 + 1 ​ dx = __​ 2x ​ ​÷x2 + 1 ​ + __​ 12 ​ log ​| x + ​÷x2 + 1 ​ |​ + c
e
= ​ ___ ​ (– cos x + sin x) + c
2
378. We have, 384. We have,
_______
Ú e– x cos (3x + 4) dx Ú  ​÷3x2 + 1 ​ dx
______
e2x
= ​ _______  ​ [2 cos (3x + 4) + sin (3x + 4)] + c
__
÷
1

3(4 + 1) = ​÷3 ​ Ú  ​ x2 + ​ __ ​ ​ dx
3
______ ______
​ 3 ​ ​( __
| ÷ 13 |
​   ​ ​ x + ​ __ ​ ​+ ​ ___ ​  log ​x + ​ x + ​ __ ​ ​  ​ )​+ c
__
2÷
379. We have, x 2 1 1/3 2
=÷
3 2
Ú  ex cos2x  dx 385. We have,
1 ______
= ​   ​ Ú  ex (2cos2x) dx
__
2 Ú ​÷x2 – 9 ​ dx
1 ______ ______
​   ​ Ú  ex (1 + cos 2 x) dx
__
=
2
x 9
= ​ __ ​ ​÷x2 – 9 ​ – __
2
|
​   ​ log ​ x + ÷
2
​ x2 – 9 ​  ​ + c |
1
= ​   ​ Ú (ex + ex cos 2 x) dx
__
386. We have,
2
_______
=
1
2 [ ex
​ __ ​ ​ ex + __ ]
​   ​ (cos 2 x + 2 sin 2 x) ​ + c
5
Ú ​÷4x2 – 1 ​ dx
________
380. We have, ÷ () 1 2
= 2 Ú ​ x2 – ​​ ​ __
x ​  ​​ ​ ​  dx
1
Ú  ​ __ ______ ______

(÷ | |)
 ​ sin (log x) dx
÷
x 1 1/4 1
x3 = 2 ​ __
​   ​  ​ x2 – ​ __ ​ ​ – ​ ___ ​ log ​ x + ​ x2 – ​ __ ​ ​  ​  ​ + c
2 4 2 4
1.92 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster
_____ _____ ______________
(÷ 1
= ​ x ​ x   – __
2
​   ​ ​ –
4
1
__
| ÷
​   ​ log ​ x + ​ x2  –
4
1
__
|)
​   ​ ​  ​  ​ + c
4

= Ú  ​÷– {(x – a)2 –  
___________
= Ú ​÷a2 – (x  –  
a2} ​ dx

a)2 ​ dx
387. We have,
__________
(x – a) ________2 a2
Ú  ​÷x2  + 2x   
+ 3 ​ dx = ​ ______
2
 ​ ​÷2ax – x  ​ +
2 ( x  –  a
​ __ ​ sin–1 ​ _____)
​  a ​  ​ + c
_______________
= Ú  ​÷ (x2 + 2x + 1)  
+ 2 ​  dx 390. We have,
______________ __ ________
= Ú÷
  ​ (x + 1)2 + (​  
÷2 ​)2 ​  dx Ú  ​÷2ax + x2 ​  dx
__________ ___________
= |
log ​ (x + 1) + ÷ ​ x2 + 2x    + 3 ​  ​ + | c = Ú ​÷(x + a)2 –  
a2 ​  dx
388. We have, (x + a) ________
__________
= ​ ______
 ​ ÷​ x2 + 2ax ​
2
Ú  ​÷3 – 4x  –  
  x2 ​ dx a2
________
_______________   + ​ __ ​ log ​ (x + a) + ÷
2
​ x2 + 2ax ​  ​ + c | |
= Ú  ​÷– (x2 + 4x –   
3) dx ​
391. We have,
______________
= Ú ​÷
_______
– {(x2 + 2)2   
– 7} ​ dx
Ú  ​÷x – 4x2 ​  dx
___________ _______________
= Ú  ​÷7 – (x +   
÷( ) ( )
2)2 ​  dx 1 2 1 2
= Ú ​ ​​ __ __
​   ​  ​​ ​ – 4 ​​ x –  
​   ​  ​​ ​ ​  dx
4 8
(x + 2) __________
= ​ ______
2
7
x2 ​ + __
 ​  ​÷3 – 4x –  
2
x+2
​   ​ sin–1 ​ _____
​÷7 ​ ( )
​  __ ​  ​ + c

________________
= Ú  ​ ​​( __
÷ ​ 4 ​ )​​ ​ – 4 ​​( 2x – __​ 4 ​ )​​ ​ ​  dx
1 2
  
1 2

387. We have, ________

​   ​ Ú ​ ​​( __
2 ÷ 4)
Let ​( 2x – __
​   ​ )​ = t
1 1 2 1
__________
= __ 2
​   ​  ​​ ​ – t  ​  dt,
Ú ​÷x2 + 2x   
+ 3 ​ dx 4
______________
__
fi 2dx = dt
= Ú ​÷(x + 1)2 + (​  
÷2 ​)2 ​  dx ________

÷( )
1 1 2
__________ = ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ ​​ __
​   ​  ​​ ​ – t2 ​ dt
= ( x+1 2
​ ​ _____
2 )
 ​  ​ ​÷x + 2x   
+ 3 ​
2 4
_______

÷
t 1 1
__________ = ​ __ ​ ​ ___
​   ​ – t2 ​ + ___
​   ​ sin–1 (4t) + c
1
  + __
​   ​  log ​ (x + 1) + ÷
2 |
​ x2 + 2x   
+ 3 ​  ​ + c | 4 16 32

( 1
​ 2x – __ )
​   ​  ​ _____________2
388. We have,
__________
4
4
= ​ _______
 ​ ​ ___
16
1
÷
1
__
​   ​ – ​​ 2x –   (
​   ​  ​​ ​
4 )
Ú ​÷3 – 4x –  
x2 ​dx

= Ú  ​÷
____________
– (x2 + 4x   
– 3) ​ dx 32
1 1
 ​   + ​ ___ ​ sin–1 ​ 4 ​ 2x – __
​   ​  ​  ​ + c
4 [( )]
_____________
392. We have,
= Ú  ​÷– {(x + 2)2   
– 7} ​ dx __________
__________ Ú  (2x + 1) ​÷x2 + 3x   
+ 4 ​  dx
= Ú  ​÷ 2)2 ​ dx
7 – (x +    __________
= Ú  ((2x + 3) – 2) ÷​ x2 + 3x    + 4 ​  dx
(x + 2) _________2
( )
__________
7 x +__ 2
= ​ ______
 ​ ​÷3  – 4x – x  ​ + ​ __ ​ sin–1 ​ ​ _____
 ​  ​ + c = Ú  ((2x + 3)) ÷
​ x2 + 3x    + 4 ​ dx
2 2 ​÷7 ​ __________
389. We have,   –  2 Ú  ​÷x2 + 3x    + 4 ​  dx
________
Let x2 + 3x + 4 = t2
Ú  ​÷2ax – x2 ​ dx
__________
fi (2x + 3) dx = 2t dt
___________________
= Ú  ​÷– (x2 – 2ax) ​ 
   dx

3 2
= Ú  (2t) t ◊ dt – 2 Ú ​ ​​ x + __
÷(
9
) (
​ 4 – __
​   ​  ​​ ​ +   
2
​   ​  ​ dx ​
4 )
 Indefinite Integrals 1.93
__________________
__

) ( )
_________
2 3 2
= 2 Ú t dt – 2 Ú ​ ​​ x + __
÷( ​ 7 ​ 2
÷
​   ​  ​​ ​ + ​​ ___
2
​    
2
 ​  ​​ ​  dx ​ (( ) ) 3
2
4
​   ​ Ú ​ ​ 2x + __
= __
7
​   ​  ​ – __
3
​   ​  ​ ​÷x2 + x + 1 ​ dx
3

() [( )
__________ _________
​   ​ Ú ​( ​( 2x + __ ​   ​ )​  ​÷x + x + 1 ​ dx
​   ​ )​ – __
t3 1 3 3 4 7
= 2 ​ __
​   ​  ​ – 2 ​ __
​   ​ ​ x + __
​   ​  ​ ​÷x2 + 3x   
+ 4 ​ ​ = __ 2
3 2 2 ​ 2 3 3
__________________
__
​   ​ )​​ ​ + (​​ ___
​   ​ )​​ ​  dx​
|( |] 2 ÷
__________
)   +  ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ ​​( x + __
2
7 3 7 1 ​ 3 ​
2 ÷
 ​+ __
​   ​ log ​ ​ x + __
​   ​  ​ + ​÷x2 + 3x   
+ 4 ​  ​  ​ + c   
​ 4 2 2 2
2 and then you do.
= __
​   ​ (x2 + 3x + 4)3/2
3 395. We have,

[(
__________
)
_________
1 3
– 2 ​ __
​   ​ ​ x + __
​   ​  ​ ​÷x2 + 3x   
+ 4 ​ ​ Ú (4x + 1) ​÷x2 – x – 2 ​  dx
2 2 ​
_________
7
  ​+ __
3
​   ​ log ​ ​ x + __
​   ​  ​ + ÷
|(
​ x2 + 3x    )
+ 4 ​  ​  ​ + c
__________

|] ( ) 1
= 2 Ú ​ 2x + __
​   ​  ​ ​÷x2 – x – 2 ​  dx
2
​ 4 2 _________
= 2 Ú  ​( (2x – 1) + __
​   ​ )​  ​÷x – x – 2 ​ dx
3 2
392. We have,
2
__________ _________
Ú  (2x + 1) ​÷x2 + 3x    = 2 Ú ​( (2x – 1) + __
​   ​ )​  ​÷x – x – 2 ​  dx
+ 4 ​ dx 3 2

__________ 2
____________
= Ú  (2x + 3 – 2) ​÷x2 + 3x   
  + 3 Ú ​ (x – 1) – ​​( __ ​   ​ )​​ ​ ​  dx
+ 4 ​  dx
÷
3 2 2
  
__________ 2
= Ú (2x + 3) ÷
​ x2 + 3x +
  4 ​  dx – 2 Ú  x2 + 3x + 4 dx
and then you do it.
2 2
Let x + 3x + 4 = t 396. We have,
fi (2x + 3) dx = 2t dt _________
_______________
__ Ú  x ​÷1 + x – x2 ​  dx
3 2
= 2 Ú  t2 dt – 2 Ú ​ ​​ x + __ ) ( )
÷( ​ 7 ​ 2
÷
___
​   ​  ​​ ​  + ​​  
2
​   ​  ​​ ​ ​ dx
2
1
_________
= ​ __ ​ Ú  (2x) ​÷1 + x – x2 ​  dx
2 3/2 __________
2
   – ​( x + __ ​   ​ )​ ​÷x + 3x + 4 ​
2 (x + 3x + 4) 3 _________
= _______________
​   ​ 2
1
= – ​ __ ​ Ú (– 2x) ​÷1 + x – x2 ​  dx
  
3 2
2
  –  ​[ __
| ​ 32 ​ )​ + ​÷x + 3x + 4 ​ |​ ]​ + c
__________
​   ​ log ​ ​( x + __
7 2 _________
1
4
   = – ​ __ ​ Ú  ((– 2x) – 1) ​÷1 + x – x2 ​  dx
2
_________
393. We have, 1
______ = – ​ __ ​  Ú  (1 – 2x)  ​÷1  + x – x2 ​ dx
2
Ú  (x – 5)  ​÷x2 + x ​  dx _______________
__

1
______
​   ​ Ú  (2x – 10) ​÷x2 + x ​  dx
= __
2
1
2
​÷5 ​ 2
  + ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ ​​ ___
2
1 2
__
​   ​  ​​ ​ – ​​ x –  
÷( ) ( )
​   ​  ​​ ​ ​dx
2
______ and then you do it.
1
​   ​ Ú  ((2x + 1) – 11) ÷
= __ ​ x2 + x ​ dx
2
______ Partial Fractions
1
​   ​ Ú  (2x + 1) ÷
= __ ​ x2 + x ​ dx 397. We have,
2
_____________ (2x + 1)dx
÷( ) () Ú​ ____________
11 1 2 1 2     ​
  – ​ ___ ​ Ú  ​ ​​ x + __ ​​ __
​   ​  ​​ ​ –    ​   ​  ​​ ​ ​ dx   
(x + 2)(x + 3)
2 2 2
and then you do. (2x + 1) A B
fi ​ ____________
      ​ = ______
​   ​ + ​ ______  ​
394. We have, (x + 2)(x + 3) (x + 2) (x + 3)
_________
Ú  (3x – 2) ​÷x2 + x +  1 ​ dx fi
(2x + 1)
​ ____________
A(x + 2) + B(x + 3)
      ​ = _________________
​    
    ​
_________ (x + 2)(x + 3) (x + 2) (x + 3)
( )
2
= 3 Ú ​ x – __
​   ​  ​ ​÷x2 + x + 1 ​ dx
3 fi 2x + 1 = A(x + 3) + B (x + 2)
_________ When x = – 2, A = – 4 + 1 = – 3
​   ​  Ú ​( 2x – __
​   ​ )​ ​÷x
3 4
= __ 2
+ x + 1 ​ dx
2 3
1.94 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

and x = – 3, B = – 6 + 1 = – 5 1 dx 1 dx
  + ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ ____________
6 (x + 2) (x + 3) 6 Ú (x + 1) (x + 2)
​   ​ ____________
    ​ – __ ​     ​
(2x + 1)dx
Thus, Ú  ​ ____________
      ​

|( )|
(x + 2)(x + 3)

dx dx
= – 3 Ú  ​ _____  ​ – 5  Ú  ​ _____  ​

1
= ​ __ ​  log ​ ​ _____
6
​  )(
x + 2 _____ x+4
 ​  ​ ​ ​ 
x+3 x+3
 ​  ​  ​

x+2 x+3
= – 3 log |x + 2| – 5 log |x + 3| + c
1
6
x + 2 _____
  + ​ __ ​ log ​ ​ _____
​ 
x+2
 ​  ​ ​ ​ 
x+3 x+1
 ​  ​  ​ + c
|( )( )|
398. We have, 401. We have,
dx
Ú  ​ ____________
    ​
x–1
(x – 1)(x – 2) Ú​____________
    ​ dx
(x + 1) (x – 2)
(​ 
1
= Ú ​ _____
x–2 x–1
​ 
1
 ​ – _____ )
 ​  ​ dx
(x + 1) – 2
= Ú​____________
      ​ dx
= log |x – 2| – log |x – 1| + c (x + 1) (x – 2)

| |
x–2
= log ​ _____
​ 
x–1
 ​  ​ + c ​
dx
= Ú ______ ​
2
(x – 2) Ú (x + 1) (x – 2)
 ​ – ____________
    ​ dx
399. We have,
dx
Ú  ​ _________________
       ​
(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)

dx
= Ú ______
​
(x – 2)
​ 
1
(
 ​ – 6 Ú ​ _____
x–2 x+1
​ 
1
 ​ – _____  ​  ​ dx )
= log |x – 2| – 6 log |x – 2| + 6 log |x + 1| + c
1 ((x + 3) – (x + 1))
​   ​ Ú​  __________________
= __         ​
2 (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) = 6 log |x + 1| – 5 log |x – 2| + c
1 dx 1 dx 402. We have,
​   ​ Ú  ​ ____________
= __     ​ – ​   ​ Ú  ​ ____________
__     ​
2 (x + 1)(x + 2) 2 (x + 2)(x + 3)
2x – 1
Ú​__________________
  
    ​  dx
1
= __
2 x+1 x+2
​ (1
​   ​ Ú  ​ _____
1
 ​ – _____
​  ) 1
(1
​   ​ Ú  ​ _____
 ​  ​ dx – __
2 x+2 x+3
​ 
1
 ​ – _____
​  )
 ​  ​ dx
(2x – 1)
(x – 1) (x + 2) (x – 3)

Now ​ __________________
       ​
1
= __
2
x+1
​   ​ log ​ _____
​ 
x+2 | | | |
1
 ​  ​ – __
2
x+2
​   ​ log ​_____
​ 
x+3
 ​  ​ + c
A
(x – 1) (x + 2) (x – 3)

​ 
B
​ ______  ​ + ______
C
 ​ + ______
​   ​
1
= __
2
​ 
|( )( )|
x + 1 _____
​   ​ log ​ ​ _____
x+3
 ​  ​ ​ ​ 
x+2 x+2
 ​  ​  ​

(x – 1) (x + 2) (x – 3)
(2x – 1) = A (x + 2) (x – 3)   

400. We have,
+ B (x – 1) (x – 3) + C (x – 1) (x + 2)
dx
Ú  ​ _______________________
       ​
(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)(x + 4) When x = 1, then A = – 1/6
x = – 2, then B = –1/3
1 ((x + 4) – (x + 1)) dx
​   ​  Ú  ​  _______________________
= __      ​
    and x = 3, then C = 1/2
3 (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)(x + 4)
1 dx Thus, the given integral reduces to
​   ​ Ú  ​ __________________
= __        ​
3 (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)
1 dx 1 dx 1 dx
– ​ __ ​ Ú ______
6 (x – 1) 3 Ú (x + 2) 2 Ú (x + 3)
​ ​   ​ ______
 ​ + __ ​ ​   ​ ______
 ​ + __ ​  ​
1 dx
  – ​ __ ​  Ú  ​ __________________
       ​
3 (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)
1 1 1
= – ​ __ ​ log |x – 1| + __
​   ​ log |x + 2| + __
​   ​ log |x + 3| + c
6 3 2
1 ((x + 4) – (x + 2)) dx
= – ​ __ ​  Ú  ​ __________________
       ​
6 (x + 2)(x + 3)(x + 4) 403. We have,

2
x
 ​ _________
(x + k)n–1
​  2
1
 ​ + 2(n – 1) Ú  ​ _________
(x + k)n –1 ( 2
k
 ​ – ​ _______
(x + k)n
​  ​ dx
)
x3
Ú ____________
​     ​  dx
(x – 1) (x – 2)
x3
1 dx 1 dx     ​ = Ú __________
​2     ​  dx
​   ​ Ú ​ ____________
= __     ​ – ​   ​ Ú ____________
__ ​  x – 3x + 2
6 (x + 2) (x + 3) 6 (x + 3)(x + 4)
 Indefinite Integrals 1.95

( 7x – 6
= Ú ​ x – 3 + ​ __________
    ​  ​ dx
x2 – 3x + 2 )
| |
t+2
= log ​ _____
​ 
t+3
 ​  ​ + c

Ú( 7x – 6
= ​ x – 3 + ​ ____________
    ​  ​  dx
(x – 1)(x – 2) )

406. We have,
​ 
| |
sinq + 2
= log ​________
sinq + 3
 ​  ​ + c

(1 – cos x)
( ) Ú​_____________
2
x 7x – 6
​   ​ – 3x Ú ​​ ____________
= __     ​  ​  dx   
    ​ dx
cos x (1 + cos x)
2 (x – 1) (x – 2)
7x – 6 (1 + cos x – 2 cos x)
Now, ​ ____________ ​ 
A
    ​ = ______
B
 ​ + ​ ______  ​ = Ú ​________________
  
    ​dx
(x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 1) (x – 2) cos x (1 + cos x)
dx dx
(7x – 6) = A (x – 2) + B (x – 1) = Ú ____
​cos x ​ – 2 Ú _________
​  ​
(1 + cos x)
When x = 1, then A = –1
and x = 2, then B = 8
Thus, the given integral reduces to
​ 
sin2x(
1 – cos x
= Ú sec x dx – 2 Ú ​ ________ ​  ​ dx
)
= Ú sec x dx – 2 Ú (1 – cosec2 x – cosec x cost x) dx
x2
2 ( ) (
​ 
–1
​   ​ – 3x ​ + Ú ​ ______
​ __
8
 ​ + ______
​ 
(x – 1) (x – 2)
 ​  ​ dx ) = log |sec x + tan x| – 2(cosec x – cost x) + c
  

( )
x2
= ​ __
​   ​ – 3x ​ – log |(x – 1)| + 8 log |x – 2| + c
2
407. We have,
​
dx
Ú ___________  ​
sin x – sin 2x
404. We have,
2x dx
Ú ______________
​ 2     ​ dx = Ú _______________
​   ​
(x + 1) (x2 + 2) sin x – 2sin x cos x
dx
Let x2 = t = Ú ______________
​     ​
sin x (1 – 2cos x)
fi 2x dx = dt
sin x dx
Thus, the given integral reduces to = Ú ______________
​ 2       ​
sin x (1 – 2cos x)
dt
2 Ú ___________
​     ​
(t + 1) (t + 2) sin x dx
= Ú ​___________________
     ​
  
(1 – cos2x) (1 – 2cos x)
(
1
= 2 Ú ​ ____
​ 
t+1 t+2
​ 
1
 ​ – ____ )
 ​  ​  dt

dt
= Ú _____________
​     ​, where cos x = t
(1 – t2) (1 – 2t)
​ 
| |
(t + 1)
= 2 log ​______
(t + 2)
 ​  ​ + c

dt
= – Ú __________________
​        ​
(t – 1) (t + 1) (2t – 1)

405. We have,
   

| |
(x2 + 1)
= 2 log ​ ​ _______
(x2 + 2)
 ​  ​ + c

A
1
Now, ​ __________________
       ​
(t – 1) (t + 1) (2t – 1)
B c
​ ______  ​ + ______
​   ​ + _______
​   ​
cosq (t – 1) (t + 1) (2t – 1)
Ú __________________
​     ​  dq
(2 + sinq ) (3 + sinq)
– 1 = A (t + 1) (2t – 1) + B (t – 1) (2t – 1)
Let sinq = t + c (t 2 – 1)
fi cosq dq = dt Put t =1, then A = –1/2
Thus, the given integral reduces to t = –1, then B = 1/10
dt
Ú ___________
​     ​
(t + 2) (t + 3) t =1/2, then C = 4/3
The given integral reduces to
(​ 
1
= Ú ​ _____
t+2 t+3
​ 
1
 ​ – _____ )
 ​  ​ dt

1 dt
– ​ __ ​  Ú ______
​  ​ +
1 dt
​   ​ Ú ____
___ ​  ​ +
4 dt
​   ​ Ú _______
__ ​  ​
2 (t – 1) 10 t + 1 3 (2t – 1)
1.96 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

1 1 When x = – 2, A = – 3
= – ​ __ ​ log |t – 1| + ___
​   ​ log |t + 1|
2 10 Put x = 3, C = 7/5
4
  + ​ __ ​ log |2t – 1| + c and x = 0, 9A – 6B + 2C = 1
3
fi 6B = 14/5 – 27 – 1
1 1
= – ​ __ ​ log |cos x – 1| + ___​   ​ log |cos x + 1|
2 10 fi B = – 21/5
4
  + ​ __ ​ log |2cos x – 1| + c 2x + 1
Thus, ​ _____________
    ​  dx
3
(x + 2)(x – 3)2
408. We have, dx 21 dx 7 dx
= – 3 Ú _____
​  ​ – ​   ​ Ú _____
___ ​  ​ + ​   ​ Ú _______
__ ​  ​
dx x+2 5 x–3 5 (x – 3)2
Ú _____________
​     ​
(x + 1) (x + 1)2 21 7
= – 3 log |x + 2| – ___
​   ​ log |x – 3| –  ​ _______  ​ + c
5 5 (x – 3)
1 A B C
Now, ​ ____________
   ​= ​ ______ ​+ ​ ______ ​+ ​ _______ ​
(x + 1) (x – 1)2 (x + 1) (x – 1) (x – 1)2 415. We have,
(2x + 3) dx
fi
1
_____________
​      ​
Ú​ (x_____________
     ​
+ 1) (x2 + 4)
(x + 1) (x – 1)2
(2x + 3) A Bx + C
A (x – 1)2 + B (x2 – 1) + C (x – 1) Now, ​ _____________
       ​ = ______
​   ​ + ​ _______  ​
= _____________________________
​            ​ 2
(x + 1)(x + 4) (x + 1) (x2 + 4)
(x + 1) (x – 1)2
fi 2x + 3 = A(x2 + 4) + Bx (x + 1) + C (x + 1)
fi 1 = A (x – 1)2 + B (x2 – 1) + C (x + 1)
When x = –1, A = 1/5
When x = –1, A = 1/4 and x = 0, 4 A + C = 3
x = 1, C = 1/2 fi C = 3 – 4 A = 3 – 4/5 = 11/5
and x = 0, A – B + C = 1
Also x = 1, 5A + 2B + 2 C = 5
fi B = 3/4 – 1 = –1/4
fi 2B = 5 – 5A – 2C = 5 – 1 – 22/5 = – 2/5
dx
Thus, Ú _____________
​     ​
(x + 1) (x + 1)2
fi B = – 1/5

1 dx 1 dx 1 dx (2x + 3) dx
​   ​ Ú ______
4 (x + 1) 4 Ú (x – 1) 2 Ú (x – 1)2
= __ ​ ​   ​ ______
 ​ – __ ​ ​   ​ _______
 ​ + __ ​  ​ Thus, Ú ​ _____________
      ​
(x + 1)(x2 + 4)
1 1 1
= __
​   ​ log |x + 1| – __
​   ​ log |x – 1| – _______
​   ​ + c 1 dx 1 xdx 11 dx
​   ​ Ú  ​ _____  ​ – __
5 x + 1 5 Ú x2 + 4
4 4 2 (x – 1) = __ ​   ​ Ú  ​ _____
​   ​   ​ _____  ​ + ___  ​
5 x2 + 4
409. We have,
1 1 1
2x + 1 = __
​   ​ log |x + 1| – ___
​   ​ |x2 + 1| + __
​   ​ tan–1 (x) + c
Ú​_____________
    ​  dx
(x + 2)(x – 3)2
5 10 5

416. We have,
2x + 1
​ _____________
    ​ (3x – 2) dx
(x + 2)(x – 3)2 Ú​ _____________
      ​
(x – 1)(x2 + 9)
A B C
= ______
​   ​ + ______
​   ​ + _______
​   ​
(x + 2) (x – 3) (x – 3)2 (3x – 2) A Bx + C
Now, ​ ____________
      ​ = ______
​   ​ + ​ _______  ​
2x + 1 (x – 1)(x2 + 9) (x – 1) (x2 + 9)
​ _____________
    ​
(x + 2) (x – 3)2 fi (3x – 2) = A (x2 + 9) + Bx (x – 1) + C (x – 1)
A (x – 3)2 + B (x2 – 9) + C (x + 2) When x = 1, A = 1/10
= _____________________________
​            ​
(x + 2) (x – 3)2 and x = 0, 9 A – C = – 2
fi 2x + 1 = A (x – 3)2 + B (x2 – 9) + C (x + 2) fi C = 2 + 9 A = 2 +9/10 = 29/10
 Indefinite Integrals 1.97

Also x = –1, 10A + 2B – 2 C = – 5 421. We have,

2
x
fi 2 B = 2 C – 10A – 5 = 29/5 –1 – 5 Ú ​ _____________
    ​ dx
(x2 – 1)(x2 + 1)
fi 2B = –1/5
Put x2 = t
fi B = –1/10
t A
(3x – 2) dx Now, ​ ___________
    ​ = _______________
​      ​
Thus, Ú​ _____________
      ​
(x – 1)(x2 + 9)
(t – 1)(t + 1) (t – 1) + B (t + 1)
t A(t + 1) + B (t – 1)
fi ​ ___________
    ​ = _________________
​    
   ​
1 dx 1 xdx 29 dx (t – 1)(t + 1) (t – 1)(t + 1)
​   ​ Ú ​ _____  ​ – ___
10 x – 1 10 Ú x2 + 9 10 Ú x2 + 9
= ___ ​   ​   ​ _____  ​ + ___
​   ​   ​ _____  ​
fi t = A (t + 1) + B (t – 1)
1 1
= ___
​   ​ log |x – 1| – ___
​   ​ log |x2 + 9| Put t = 1, A = 1/2
10 20
Put t = –1, A = –1/2
2
29
30
x
  + ​ ___ ​ tan–1 ​ __
​   ​  ​ + c
3 () Thus,
x
Ú  ​ _____________
    ​ dx
(x – 1)(x2 + 1)
2

417. We have, 1 1 dx
​   ​  Ú  ​ _____
2 x2 – 1 2 Ú x2 + 1
= __  ​ – __
​   ​   ​ _____  ​
2x – 1
Ú​ _____________
    ​ dx
(x + 1)(x2 + 2)
2x – 1
Now, ​ _____________
A
    ​ = ______
​ 
Bx + C
 ​ + _______
​ 
(x + 1) (x2 + 2) (x + 1) (x2 + 2)
 ​

426. We have,
1
= __
4 | |x–1
x+1
1
​   ​ log ​ ​ _____  ​  ​ – __
​   ​ tan–1 (x) + c
2

(2x – 1) = A (x2 + 2) + Bx (x + 1) + C (x + 1) (x2 + 3)(x2 + 1)

When x = –1, then A = –1
Ú​ ______________
    ​dx
(x2 – 1)(x2 + 2)
x = 0, then C = 1
Put x2 = t
and x = 1, then B = 1
t2 + 4t + c
(t + 3)(t + 1) __________
Thus, the given integral reduces to Thus, ​ ___________
    ​ = ​  2    ​
(t – 1)(t + 2) t +t–2
dx x dx
– Ú ​ ______  ​ + Ú ​ _______  ​ dx + Ú ​ _______  ​
(x + 1) (x2 + 2) (x2 + 2)
( – 3t + 5
= ​ 1 + ​ ________
2
t +t–2 ) ( (t
– 3t + 5
 ​  ​ = ​ 1 + ​ ___________
    ​  ​
+ 1)(t – 2) )
= – log |x + 1| + __
1
2 ÷
1
​   ​ log |x2 + 2| + ___
​ 2 ​
x
​  __ ​ tan–1 ​ ___
​÷2 ​ ( )
​  __ ​  ​ + c – 3t + 5
Now, ​ ___________
A
    ​ = ____
​  ​ 
B
 ​ + ____  ​
x (t + 1)(t – 2) t – 1 t – 2
_____________
418. Ú ​      ​  dx
(x + 1)(x2 + 4) fi (– 3t + 5) = A(t – 2) + B(t – 1)
x A Bx + C When t = 1, then A = –2
Now, Ú ​ ____________
    ​ = ______
​   ​ + ​ _______  ​
(x + 1)(x2 + 4) (x + 1) (x2 + 4) and t = 2, then B = –1
Therefore, the given integral reduces to
x = A(x2 + 4) + Bx (x + 1) + C(x + 1)
dx dx
Let x = –1, then A = –1/5 Ú  dx – 2 Ú  ​ x_____
2
–1
 ​ – Ú  ​ _____
x2 – 2
 ​
x = 0, then C = 4/5

| |
__
and
Thus, the
x = 1, then B = 1/5
given integral reduces to

x–1
= x – log ​ _____
​ 
x+1 | | 1
 ​  ​ – ____
2​÷2 ​
x – ​÷2 ​
​  __ ​ log ​ ______
​  __ ​  ​ + c
x + ​÷2 ​
427. We have,
1 dx 1 x 4 dx
– ​ __ ​ Ú ______
5 (x + 1) 5 Ú x2 + 4 5 Ú x2 + 4
​   ​ + __
​   ​ _____
​   ​ + __
​   ​ _____
​   ​ (x2 + 1)(x2 + 2)
Ú  ​ ______________
    ​  dx
(x2 + 3)(x2 + 4)
1
5
1
= – ​ __ ​ log |(x + 1)| + __
5
2
​   ​ log |x2 + 4| + __
x
​   ​ tan–1 ​ __
5 ()
​   ​  ​ + c
2 Put x2 = t
419. Do yourself (t + 1)(t + 2) t2 + 3t + 2
Now, ​ ___________
  
    ​ = ​  __________
  
    ​
420. Do yourself (t + 3)(t + 4) t2 + 7t + 12
1.98 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

( 4t + 10
= ​ 1 – ​ __________
2 ) ( 4t + 10
    ​  ​ = ​ 1 – ​ ___________
t + 7t + 12 (t
    ​  ​
+ 3)(t + 4) ) Thus,
( ​  2
2
Ú  ​ 1 + ______ ​ 
6
 ​ – ______
(t + 2) (t2 + 4)
 ​  ​ dt
)
( ( ) ( ))
4t + 10 A B __ t t
Again, ​ ___________
    ​ = ​ ______  ​ + ​ ______  ​ ​ 2 ​ tan–1 ​ ___
= ​t + ÷ ​  __ ​  ​ – 3 tan–1 ​ __
​   ​  ​  ​ + c
(t + 3)(t + 4) (t + 3) (t + 4) ÷
​ 2 ​ 2

When
(4t + 10) = A (t + 4) + B (t + 3)
t = – 4, then B = 6

__ x2
= (x2 + ​÷2 ​ tan–1 ​ ___ ( ) x2
​  __ ​  ​ – 3 tan–1 ​ __
÷
​ 2 ​
( )
​   ​  ​ + c
2
428. Do yourself.
and t = – 3, then A = – 2

Hints and solutions

1
–  ​ __ ​ (sec x ◊ tan x + log |sec x + tan x|) + c
2
fi 2I = sec3 x tan x
Ú tan 4 2
x ◊ sec x dx

1
–  ​ __ ​ (sec x tan x + log |sec x + tan x|) + c
2
Let tan x = t
1
fi sec2 x dx = dt fi I = ​ __ ​ (sec3 x tan x)
2
= Ú t4dt 1
–  ​ __ ​ (sec x tan x + log |sec x + tan x|) + c
4
t5
= __
​   ​ + c
5 4. Ú tan2  x sec4 x dx = Ú tan4 x (1 + tan2 x) sec2 x dx
(tan x)5
= ______
​   ​ + c Let tan x = t
5
fi sec2xdx = dt
2. Let I = Ú sec x dx3
= Ú t2 (1 + t2) dt
= Ú sec2 x ◊ sec x dx
= Ú (t4 + t2) dt
= sec x Ú sec x dx – Ú (sec x ◊ tan x) tan x dx
2

= sec x ◊ tan x – Ú (sec x ◊ tan x) dx 2

(t 5 t3
= ​ __
​   ​ + __
5 )
​   ​  ​ + c
3

= sec x ◊ tan x – Ú (sec x (sec2 x – 1)) dx (tan5 x tan3 x

= ​ _____
​   ​ + ​ _____
5 3
 ​  ​ + c)
= sec x ◊ tan x – Ú sec3x dx + Ú sec x dx Ú tan3 x sec6 x dx
5.

= sec x ◊ tan x – I + log |sec x + tan x| + c = Ú  tan3 x (1 + tan2 x)2 sec2 x dx

fi 2I = sec x ◊ tan x + log |sec x + tan x| + c = Ú t3 (1 + t2) 2 dt, Let tan x = t
1
fi __
​   ​ [sec x ◊ tan x + log |sec x + tan x|] + c fi sec2x dx = dt
2
3. Let I = Ú sec5 x dx = Ú t3 (t4 + 2t2 + 1) dt

= Ú sec3 x ◊ sec2 x dx = Ú  (t7 + 2t5 + t3) dt

= sec3 x Ú sec2 x dx – Ú (3 sec3 x ◊ tan x) ◊ tan x dx (t8 t3 __

= ​ __
​   ​ + __
8
t4
)
​   ​ + ​   ​  ​ + c
3 4
= sec x ◊ tan x – 3 Ú sec x (sec x – 1) dx
( )
3 3 2
tan8 x tan3 x _____tan4 x
= ​ _____
​   ​ + ​ _____
 ​ + ​   ​  ​ + c
8 3 4
= sec3 x ◊ tan x – 3 Ú sec5 x dx + 3 Ú sec3 x dx

= sec3 x ◊ tan x – I
6. Ú  tan3 x sec5 x dx
 Indefinite Integrals 1.99

= Ú sec4 x ◊ tan2 x sec x ◊ tan x dx   – Ú (– cot x) (– cosec x ◊ cot x) dx

= Ú sec4 x (sec2 x – 1) sec x ◊ tan x dx = – cosec x ◊ cot x – Ú (cosec2 x – 1) cosec x dx

Let sec x = t
= – cosec x ◊ cot x – I – Ú cosec3 x dx + Ú cose x dx
fi secx ◊ tan xdx = dt
= – cosec x ◊ cot x – I + log |cosec x – cot x| + c
= Ú t4 (t2 – 1) dt,
fi 2I = – cosec x cot x + log |cosec x – cot x| + c
= Ú (t6 – t4) dt
1 1
(t7 t5
= ​ __
​   ​ – __
7 5 )
​   ​  ​ + c
fi I = – ​ __ ​ cosec x cot x + __
2
​   ​ log |cosec x – cot x| + c
2

Ú cot2 x cosec4 x dx
(sec7 x sec5 x
= ​ _____
​   ​ – _____
7
​   ​  ​ + c
5 ) 12.

= Ú cot2 x (1 + cot2 x) cosec2 x dx

7. Ú  sec4 x dx Let cot x = t
fi cosec2x dx = dt
8. Ú sec9 x dx = –  Ú  t2 (1 + t2) dt,
9. We have,
= –  Ú (t4 + t2) dt
Ú  cosec2 x ◊ cot2 x dx
Let cot x = t (
t5 t3
= –  ​ __
​   ​ + __
5 )
​   ​  ​ + c
3
( )
2 x x
fi cosec x dx = – dt = – ​ cot  ​   ​ + cot3 ​ __ ​  ​ + c
5 __
5 3
= – Ú t dx 2

t 3
13. Ú tan– 5 x ◊ sec6 x dx
= – ​ __ ​ + c
3 sec6 x
= Ú ​ _____ ​ dx
(cot x)3 tan5 x
= – ​ ______  ​ + c
3 (1 + tan2 x)2 sec2 x
10. Let I = Ú cot3 x cosec3 x dx = Ú ​ _______________
    ​ dx
tan5 x
Let cosec x = t


fi – cosec x ◊ cot x dx = dt
fi cosec x ◊ cot x dx = – dt
(
(1 + t2)2
= Ú ​ ​ _______
t5
 ​  ​ dt )

= Ú cot3 x ◊ cosec3 x dx

= Ú cot2 x ◊ cot x ◊ cosec3 x dx

(
t4 + 2t2 + 1
= Ú ​ __________
​ 
t5
 ​ 
   ​ dt )
= Ú (cosec x – 1) ◊ cosec x (cosec x ◊ cot x) dx
2 2

(
1 2 __
= Ú ​ __
​  ​ + __
t
1
)
​  3 ​ + ​  5 ​  ​ dt
t t

= – Ú (t2 – 1) t2 dt
(
= ​ log |t| – __
1
​  2 ​ – ___
t
1
)
​  4 ​  ​ + c
4t
= Ú (t4 – t2) dt
(
= ​ log |tan x| – _____
1
​  2 ​ – ______
tan x 4 tan4 x
​ 
1
)
​  ​ + c

(t5 t3
= ​ __
​   ​ – __
5 3 )
​   ​  ​ + c
Ú cot3 x ◊ cosec– 8 x dx
14.

(cosec5 x _______
= ​ _______
​ 
5
cosec3 x
 ​ – ​ 
3
 ​  ​ + c )
cot3 x
= Ú ​ _______
cosec8 x
​dx

11. Let I = Ú cosec3 x dx

cos3 x
= Ú ​ _____ ​dx
sin5 x
= Ú cosec2 x ◊ cosec x dx
(1 – sin2 x) cos x
= Ú ​ _____________
   ​ dx
= cosec x Ú cosec2 x dx sin5 x
1.100 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

1 – t2
= Ú ​ ​ _____
t5 ( )
 ​  ​ dt, Let t = cos x
1
= __
4 | |
​ 
t+1
t
​   ​ log ​ ____  ​  ​ + c

dt = – sin xdx

1
= __
| | x4
​   ​ log ​ _____
4
​  4
x +1
 ​  ​ + c

(
= Ú ​ __
1 1
​  5 ​ – __
)
| |
​  3 ​  ​ dt 3
1 x
t t 20. ​  dx  ​= __
Ú ________ ​   ​ log ​ _____
​  3  ​  ​ + c
3
( )
4
1 1 x (x + 1) x +1
= ​ ___
​  2 ​ – ___​  4 ​  ​ + c
2t 4t dx    ​ = ___________
21. Ú __________
​  Ú ​  8 dx__1    ​

(
= ​ ______
​ 
1
​ – ______
2 sin2 x 4 sin4 x
​ 
1
)
​  ​ + c
2 7
x (x + 1) 6/7 6/7
( )
x  ​​ 1 + ​  7 ​  ​​ ​
x
15. Ú cosec5 x dx (
Let ​ 1 + __
1
)
​  7 ​  ​ = t7
x
16. Ú cosec7 x dx
7
fi – ​ __6 ​ dx = 7t6 dt
x
17. We have,
dx
___
fi ​  6 ​ = – t6 dt
​  dx  ​ = Ú _________
Ú ________ ​  dx     ​ x
t6 dt
= – Ú ​ ____
7 8 –7
x (x + 1) x (1 + x )  ​
t6
Put 1 + x– 7 = t = –t + c

( )
x– 8
fi – ​7​ ​ dx = dt = – ​​ 1 + __
1 1/7
​  7 ​  ​​ ​ + c
dx 1 x
fi ​ ___8 ​ = – ​ __ ​ dt
x 7

1 dt
= –  ​ __ ​ Ú ​ __​
7 t
22.
3
dx    ​ = ___
Ú ___________
​ 
3 1/3
x (1 + x )
Ú ​ dx4 ​ ​​ 1 + __
x
x
1
(
​  3 ​  ​​
)
1/3
​

= –  ​ __ ​ log |t| + c
7
1
__
= –  ​   ​ log |1 + x– 7| + c

(
Put ​ 1 + __
x
1
)
​  3 ​  ​ = t3
3
7 fi – ​ __4 ​ dx = 3t2 dt
18. We have, x
dx
dx dx fi ​ ___4 ​ = – t2 dt
Ú ​ x__________
2
  
(1 + x)3/4
 ​ = Ú ​ ___________
    ​
x (1 + x– 4)3/4
5 x
t2 dt
= –  Ú ​ ____​
t
Let 1 + x– 4 = t4
= –  Ú t dt
fi – 4x– 5 dx = 4t3 dt
dx t2
fi ​ ___5 ​ = – t3 dt = – ​ __ ​ + c
x 2

dt
= – Ú t3 ​ __3 ​
t

1
(
= – ​ __ ​ ​​ 1 + __
2
1 2/3
)
​  3 ​  ​​ ​+ c
x
= – Ú dt 23. We have,
2
= –t + c x
= – (1 + x– 4)1/4 + c
Ú ​ _______
(x + 3)2
 ​dx

Let x + 3 = t
dx x4
19. Ú ​ ________  ​ = Ú _________
 ​   ​ dx fi dx = dt
x (x5 + 1) x5 (x5 + 1)
(t – 3)2
1 dt = Ú  ​ ______ ​ dt
​   ​ Ú ​ ______  ​, 
= __ Let x4 = t t2
4 t (t – 1) t2 – 6t + 9
4x3dx = dt = Ú ​ _________ ​ dt
t2
(
1 1 ____
​   ​ Ú ​ __
= __
4 t t+1
​  ​ – ​ 
1
)
 ​  ​ dt
(
= Ú ​ 1 – __
6 9
​  ​ + __
t
​  2 ​  ​ dt
t )
 Indefinite Integrals 1.101
2
1 (t – b)
( 9
t )
= ​ t – 6 log |t| – ​ __​  ​ + c ​  2 ​ Ú ​ ______
= __
a t2
 ​ dt

( )
9 2 2
= ​ (x + 3) – 6 log |x + 3| – ______ 1 (t – 2bt + b
​ 
(x + 3)
 ​  ​ + c ​  2 ​ Ú ​ ____________
= __  ​ dt
  
a t2
24. We have,
1
3 ​  2 ​ Ú (1 – 2b/t + b2/t2) dt
= __
x dx
Ú ​ ________  ​ a
(2x + 3)2
= __
1
( b2
​  2 ​  ​ t – 2b log |t| – __
a
)
​  ​  ​ + c
t
Let 2x + 3 = t
fi 2 dx = dt = __
a
1
( ​ 
b2
​  2 ​ ​ (ax + b) – 2 log |(ax + b)| – _______
(ax + b)
 ​  ​+ c )
fi dx = 1/2 dt 2
dx x
2x = 3 – t
27. Ú  ​ _________
x (1 + x3)2
 ​ = Ú  ​ _________
x3 (1 + x3)2
 ​ dx

3–t
fi x = ​ ____
 ​ 1 dt
2 = ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ ________  ​ where (x3 + 1) = t
3 t2 (t3 – 1)

1
= __
( )
3–t 3
​​ ​ ____
2
​   ​ Ú ​ ______
 ​  ​​ ​
 ​ dt
and then use partial fractions.
2 t2 x4

3
28. Ú ​ ________
(3x – 2)3
 ​ dx
1 (3 – t)
​   ​ Ú ​ ______
= ___ ​
16 t2 dt Let 3x – 2 = t

( )
dt
1 (27 – 27t + 9t – t )
2 3
fi dx = __
​   ​
​   ​  Ú ​ ​ _________________
= ___  ​  
     ​ dt 3
16 t2 +2
t____
and x = ​   ​

16 t2 (
1 27 ___
​   ​ Ú ​ ___
= ___
27
​   ​ – ​  ​ + 9 – t ​ dt
t )
1 (t + 2)
​   ​ Ú ​ ______
= ____
243
4
 ​ dt
3

Ú( )
1 27 t2 t3
= ___
​   ​   ​ – ​ ___​ – 27 log |t| + 9t – __
( )
​   ​  ​ + c
16 t 2 1 t4 + 8t2 + 24t2 + 32t + 15
​   ​ Ú ​ ______________________
= ____ ​      ​     ​ dt
243 t3
where t = 2x + 3

25.
x2
Ú ​ _______
(x + 2)3
 ​ dx

1
243 (
​   ​ Ú ​ t + 8 + ___
= ____
24 32 ___
​  ​ + ___
t
15
​  2 ​+ ​  3 ​  ​ dt
t t )
Let (x + 2) = t

1 t
= ____
243 2 ( 2
32 15
​   ​ ​ ​ __ ​ + 8t + 24 log |t| – ​ ___​ – ​ ___2 ​  ​ + c
t 2t )
fi dx = dt where t = (3x – 2)
(t______ – 2)2
= Ú ​  t3 ​ dt 29. We have,
dx dx
Ú ​ __________
    ​ = Ú ​ __________
= ( t2 – 4t + 4
Ú ​ _________
​ 
t3 ) ​ 
   ​ dt

x3 (3x + 2)3 5 3x
   ​
(
+2 3
______
x  ​​ ​  x )
​  ​​ ​

=
( )
Ú ​ __​ 1t ​ – __​ t42 ​ + __​ t43 ​  ​ dt (
Let ​ 3x + __
2
)
​ x ​  ​ = t

= log |t| + __
4 2
​  ​ – __
t t2
​   ​ + c fi ​ 3 + __ ( 2
)
​ x ​  ​ = t
2
= log |(x – 2)| + ______ ​ 
4 2
 ​ – _______
​   ​ + c fi – ​ __2 ​ dx = dt
(x + 2) (x + 2)2 x
dx dt
26. Ú x2 (ax + b)2 dx fi ​ ___2 ​ = – ​ __ ​
x 2
Let ax + b = t
2
1 Also, ​ __
x​ = t – 3
fi dx = __​ a ​dt
1 ____t–3
fi x = t – __
b
​ a ​ fi ​ __
x ​ = ​  2 ​
1.102 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster
3
1 (t – 3)
​   ​ Ú ​ ______
= ___  ​ dt 1 dt
= – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ________  ​
16 t3
3 2
1 (t – 3t + 3t – 27)
2 ____
​​ ​ 
2 3 3
t –1 ( )
 ​  ​​ ​ t
= –  ​ ___ ​ Ú ​ _________________
 ​ dt
   3
16 t3 1 (t – 1)
= – ​ ___ ​ Ú ​ ______
 ​ dt
16 t3

1
( 3 3 ___
= –  ​ ___ ​ Ú ​ 1 – __
​  ​ + __
27
​  2 ​ – ​  3 ​  ​ dt
)
( )
16 t t t 1 t3 – 3t2 + 3t – 1
= – ​ ___ ​ Ú ​ ______________
​   ​ 
   ​ dt

( )
1 3 27 16 t3
= –  ​ ___ ​  ​ t – 3 log |t| – __
​  ​ + ___
​  2 ​  ​ + c
( )
16 t 2t 1 3 3 1
= – ​ ___ ​ Ú ​ 1 – __
​  ​ + __
​  2 ​ – __
​  3 ​  ​ dt
16 t t t
(
3x + 2
where, ​ ______
​  x ​  ​ = t )
30. We have,
16
1
( 3
= – ​ ___ ​ ​ t – 3 log |t| – __
1
​  ​ + ___
t
​  2 ​  ​ + c
2t )

dx
Ú ​ __________ dx
    ​ = Ú ​ __________
    ​
2
where t = ​ x + __ (
​ x ​  ​ )
x3 (b + ax)2 b + ax 2
5 ______
(
x  ​​ ​  x )
​  ​​ ​
32.
dx
Ú  ​ __________ dx
  2 ​ = Ú  ​ _________
    ​

( b + ax
Let ​ ______ )
​  x ​  ​ = t
3
x (a + bx) 5 a
______(
+ bx 2
)
x  ​​ ​  x ​  ​​ ​

fi ​( a + __
​ x ​ )​ = t
b
a + bx
Let ​ ______ (
​  x ​  ​ = t )
a
b fi – ​ __2 ​ dx = dt
fi – ​ __2 ​ dx = dt x
x
dx
dx dt fi ​ ___2 ​ = – ​ __
a​
fi – ​ ___2 ​ = __
​  ​ x
x b
a
1 t____ –a Also, x = ____
​  ​
Also, ​ __
x ​ = ​  b ​
t–b
1 ________ dt
a ​Ú  ​  ____
= – ​ __
3
1 (t – a)
= – ​ __4 ​ Ú  ​ ______ a 3 2 ​
b t3
 ​ dt ​​ ​ 
t–b
​  ​​ ​ t ( )
3 2 2 3
1 (t – 3t a + 3ta – a ) 1 (t – b)
3
= – ​ __4 ​ Ú ​ ___________________
    ​ dt
   = – ​ __4 ​ Ú  ​ ______
 ​ dt
b t3 a t2

b
1 3a 3a2 __
= – ​ __4 ​ Ú ​ 1 – ___
​  ​ + ___
t ( a3
​  2 ​ – ​  3 ​  ​ dt
t t ) a
​ 
t2 (
1 t3 – 3t2b + 3t b2 – b2
= – ​ __4 ​ Ú  ​ _________________
 ​ 
     ​ dt )
b
1
(3a2
= – ​ __4 ​ ​ t – 3a log |t| – ___
​  ​ +
t
a3
___
)
​  2 ​  ​ + c
2t
1
Ú(
3b2 b3
= – ​ __4 ​    ​ t – 3b + ___
a
​  ​ – __
t
​  2 ​  ​ dt
t )
b
where ​ a + __(
​ x ​  ​ = t ) 1 t2
= – ​ __4 ​ ​ __
a 2
( b2
​   ​ – 3bt + 3b2 log |t| + __
​  ​  ​ + c
t )
dx dx
31. Ú ​ _________  ​ = Ú ​ _________3 ​
x2 (x + 2)3 x+2
5 _____
( )
x  ​​ ​  x ​  ​​ ​
a + ax
where ​ ______ (
​  x ​  ​ = t )

x+2
(
Put ​ _____
​  x ​  ​ = t ) 33.
dx
Ú ​ _________
x (1 + x2)3
2
2
fi – ​ __2 ​ dx = dt
  2  ​= Ú ​ ___2 ​ ​​( ______
​  x ​ )​​ ​
dx dx a – bx 2
x  ​ 34. Ú ​ _________
2
x (a – bx) x
dx dt
fi ​ ___2 ​ = – ​ __ ​
2

x
Also, 1 + __
2
​ x ​ = t

a – bx
Let ​ ​ ______ (
x ​  ​ = t )
a
2 fi ​ __2 ​ dx = – dt
fi x = ____
​   ​ x
t –1
 Indefinite Integrals 1.103

dx
x
dt
fi ​ ___2 ​ = – ​ __
a​
x–1
​ 
x–2(
Let ​ _____ )
 ​  ​ = t
a
Also, ​ __
x​ = t + b
(x – 2) ◊ 1 (x – 1) ◊ 1
fi ​ _______________   
 ​ dx
   = dt
a (x – 2)2
fi x = ____
​  ​
t+b – dx
fi ​ _______2 ​ = dt
(x – 2)
1 ________ dt
a ​Ú ​  ____
= – ​ __ a 2 2 ​
​​ ​ 
t+b (
​  ​​ ​ t )
2t – 1
Also, x = ​ _____ ​
t–1
2 1
1 (t + b) dt (x – 2) = ____
= – ​ __3 ​ Ú ​ ________
 ​ fi ​ 
t–1
 ​
a t2
dx
2
1 (t + 2bt + b )
2 Thus, Ú ​ _____________
    ​
= – ​ __3 ​ Ú ​ ____________
 ​ dt
   (x – 1)3 (x – 2)4
a t2
dx

a
1 2b b2
= – ​ __3 ​ Ú ​ 1 + ___ (
​  ​ + __
t
​  2 ​  ​ dt
t ) = Ú ​ _____________
( x–1 2
_____
​​ ​ 
x–2 )
    ​
 ​ ​​ ​ (x – 2)7

a
1
( b2
= – ​ __3 ​ ​ t + 2b log |t| – __
​  ​  ​ + c
t )
dt
= – Ú ​ __3 ​ × (t – 1)5
t
a – bx
where t = ​ ______
​  x ​  ​( )
(t – 1)5
= – Ú ​ ______
 ​ dt
t3
dx dx
35. Ú ​ __________
  2 ​ = Ú ​ __________
    ​ (t5 – 5t4 + 10t3 – 10t2 + 5t – t5)
4
x (2x + 1) 7 2x
(
+1 3
______
x  ​​ ​  x )
​  ​​ ​ = – Ú ​ ___________________________
   
t3
 ​ dt   

(
2x + 1
Let ​ ​ ______
x ​  ​ = t )
( 10 5 __
= – Ú ​ t2 – 5t + 10 – ___
​  ​ + __
t
1
​  2 ​ – ​  3 ​  ​ dt
)
dx t t
fi ​ ___2 ​ = – dt

x
Also, 2 + __
1
​ x ​ = t

t3 5t2
= – Ú ​ __
3 (
​   ​ – ___
2
5
​   ​ + 10t – 10 log |t| – __
t
1
​  ​ + ___
​  2 ​  ​ + c
2t )
fi x = ____
​ 
t–2
1
 ​
x–1
x–2 ( )
where, t = ​ ​ _____  ​  ​

dt 37. We have,
= – Ú ​ ______5 ​ t3
( )
t–2
1
​​ ____
​   ​  ​​ ​
4
dx
Ú ​ _______________
_____________
​÷(x – 1) (x +  
3 5
2)  ​
dx
    ​= Ú ​ _______________
    ​
(x – 1)3/4 (x + 2)5/4
(t – 2)5 dt
= – Ú ​ ________ ​ dx
t3 = Ú ​ ______________     ​

(2 – t)5 dt
= Ú ​ ________ ​ ( x
​​ ​ 
–
_____
x+2
1
) 3/4
 ​ ​​ ​ (x + 2)2
t3
(32 – 80t + 80t2 – 40t3 + 10t4 – t5
= Ú ​ ____________________________
​      
t3
 ​     ​ dt )
x–1
Let ​ _____ ​ = t
x+2
dx
fi ​ _______2 ​ = dt

(32
= Ú ​ ___
​  3 ​ –
t
80
___
​  2 ​ +
t
80
___
​  ​ – 40 + 10t – t2 ​ dt
t )
(x + 2)

t3 1 dt

16 ___
= – ​ ___
80
 ​ + ​  ​ + 80 log |t| – 40t + 5t2 – __
​   ​ + c ​   ​ Ú ​ ___
Thus, __  ​
t2 t 3 3 t3/4
1
2x + 1
where t = ​ ______ = __ ​   ​ Ú t– 3/4 dt
x ​ 3
36. We have, 1
__
= ​   ​ (4t1/4) + c
dx 3
Ú ​ _____________
    ​
(x – 1)3 (x – 2)4 (
4 x – 1 1/4
= ​ __ ​ ​​ _____
3 x+2
​  )
 ​  ​​ ​ + c
1.104 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster
dx
38. Ú ​ _____________
    ​ dx dx
(x – 1)3 (x – 2)2 42. Ú ​ ________________
    ​= Ú ​ _______________
______________     ​
(x + 1)4/5 (x + 3)6/5
dx ​÷(x + 1) (x +  
5 4 6
3)  ​
= Ú ​ _____________    ​
x+2 2
x–1 (
(x – 1)5 ​​ ​ _____  ​  ​​ ​ )
dx
= Ú ​ ______________
    ​

x+2
(
Put ​ ​ _____ ​  ​ = t )
x + 1 4/5
2 _____
(x + 3)  ​​ ​ 
x+3 (
 ​ ​​ ​ )
x–1
(x – 1) ◊ 1 – (x + 2) ◊ 1
x+1
​ 
x+3(
Put ​ _____ )
 ​  ​ = t5 and then you do it.
fi ​ __________________
  
 ​ dx
   = dt
(x – 1)2 43. We have,
3 2
fi – ​ _______2 ​ dx = dt
dx
Ú ​ _________ x dx
 ​= Ú ​ __________
    ​
(x – 1) 3
x (2 + 3x ) x (2 + 3x3)
3

dx dt
fi ​ _______2 ​ = ___
​   ​
1 3x2 dx
​   ​ Ú ​ __________
= __   
(x – 1) –3 3 x3 (2 + 3x3)

x+2
Also, ​ _____
​ 
x–1 (
 ​ ​ = t ) 1
dt
– ​ __2 ​
t
 ​ ​   ​ Ú ​ ________  ​
= __
fi x + 2 = tx – t
t+2
3 __ 1
t (
​  ​​ 2 + __
3
)
​  ​  ​
t
fi x = _____
​   ​
1 dt
t–1 = – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ _____
t+2 3 3 2t + 3
fi x – 1 = _____
​   ​ – 1 = ______
​   ​
t–1 (t – 1) 1
 ​ = – ​ __ ​ Ú log |2t + 3| + c
1 dt 6
= – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ________  ​
3 ____
( )
​​ ​ 
t–1
3 3 2
 ​  ​​ ​ t
1
= – ​ __ ​ log ​ __
6
2
| |
​  3 ​ + 3 ​ + c
x
3
1 (t – 1) dt 44. We have,
= – ​ __4 ​ Ú ​ ________
 ​
3 t2 4
dx 1 5x dx
3 2
1 (t – 3t + 3t – 1) dt Ú ​ _________
   ​   ​ Ú ​ __________
 ​ = __     ​
= – ​ __4 ​ Ú ​ ________________ 5
5
 ​
   x (3 + 5x ) x (3 + 5x5)
5

3 t2
1
Let x5 = __
​  ​

3
1
= – ​ __4 ​ Ú ​ – 3 + __
(3 1
​  ​ – __
t t2
​   ​  ​ dt
) fi
t
dt
5x4 dx = – ​ __2 ​

3
1 t2
2 (
= – ​ __4 ​ ​ ​ __ ​ – 3t + 3 log |t| + __
1
​  ​  ​ + c
t )
1 dt
= – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ _______
t

x + 2 5 (3t + 5)
where t = _____
​   ​
x–1 1
 ​ = – ​ ___ ​ log |3t + 5| + c
dx dx 15
39. Ú ​ _____________
  5 ​ = Ú ​ _____________    ​
x–3 4
( ) | | 3
4 1
(x – 3) (x – 2) (x – 2)9 ​​ _____
​   ​  ​​ ​ = – ​ ___ ​ log ​ __
​  5 ​ + 5 ​ + c
x–2 15 x
x–3
Put ​ _____
​ 
x–2 ( )
 ​ ​ = t and then you do it
45.
dx
Ú  ​ _________
2
x dx
 ​ = Ú ​ __________
    ​
x (2 + 3x ) x (2 + 3x2)
2

    ​ = Ú dx ​​(_____
x – 2)
dx x–3 3/2
40. Ú ​ _______________
(x – 3)3/2 (x – 2)7/2
​   ​  ​​ ​ (x – 2)5
Let x2 = t
1
Put (x – 3/x – 2) = t2 and then you do it. fi x dx = ​ __ ​ dt
2
dx dx
41. Ú ​ _______________
   ​ = Ú ​ ______________
_____________     ​
1
= __
dt
​   ​ Ú  ​ ________  ​
​÷(x – 2) (x –   5
5)  ​ 7 6 x – 2 5/2
(x – 5)  ​​ _____
​ 
x–6
 ​  ​​ ​ ( ) 2 t (2 + 3t)

x–2
Put ​ _____
​  ( )
 ​  ​ = t2 and then you do it.

4 t (
1 1 ______
​   ​ Ú  ​ __
= __ ​  ​ – ​ 
3
2 + 3t )
​  ​ dt
x–6
 Indefinite Integrals 1.105

1
= __
​   ​ (log |t| – log |2 + 3t|) + c
4

1
= __
4 | |
x3
​   ​ log ​ ______
​  3
4x – 1
 ​  ​ + c

1
4 ( | t
2 + 3t |)
= ​ __ ​ ​ log ​ ​ ______​  ​  ​ + c
49.
dx
Ú ​ _________ 1 4x dx
​   ​ Ú ​ __________
 ​ = __   
3

x (3x4 + 1) 4 x4 (3x4 + 1)

1
= __
4 ( | x2
​   ​ ​ log ​ ______
​ 
2 + 3x2 |)
 ​  ​  ​ + c
 ​
1
= __
4 t (3t + 1)
dt
​   ​ Ú ​ ________
2
46.
dx
Ú  ​ x_________
3
(3 + 4x )
1
3
3x dx
​   ​ Ú ​ __________
 ​ = __   
x (3 + 4x3)
3  ​ = __ (
1 1 _____
​   ​ Ú ​ __
4 t 3t + 1
​  ​ – ​ 
3
 ​  ​ dt)
 ​

Let x3 = t
fi 2
3x dx = dt

1
= __
4 | |
​ 
t
​   ​ log ​ _____
3t + 1
 ​ ​ + c

1 dt
​   ​ Ú ​ ________
= __
3 t (3 + 4t)

50. We have,
1
= __
4 | | x4
​   ​ log ​ ______
​  4
3x + 1
 ​  ​ + c

 ​
1 1 __
= __
9 t 3 (
​   ​ Ú ​ __
4
)
​  ​ – ​   ​ + 4t ​ dt
Ú x5 (x2 – 1)4 dx
1
= __
​   ​ (log |t| –log |3 + 4t|) + c Let (x2 – 1) = t
9

1
= __ ( | t
|)
​   ​ ​ log ​ ​ ______​   ​  ​ + c
9 3 + 4t


fi
Also, x2 = t + 1
2x dx = dt

1
9 ( | ​ 
x3
= ​ __ ​ ​ log ​ _______
3 + 4x3 |)
 ​   ​  ​ + c x5
Thus, Ú ​ ________
(x2 – 1)4
 ​
dx =
1 _______
__
​  Ú
 ​ 
(x2​)2​ ​ ◊ 2x
 ​ 
2 (x2 – 1)4
 ​ dx
2
dx 3x dx
47. Ú ​ _________  ​ = Ú ​ _________
  
1 (t – 1)
2
x (2 – 5x3) x3 (2 – 5x3) ​   ​ Ú ​ ______
= __  ​ dt
2 t3
 ​ Let x3 = t
fi 3x2 dx = dt
2 (
1 t2 – 2t + 1
​   ​ Ú ​ __________
= __ ​ 
t3
 ​ 
   ​ dt )
1 dt
​   ​ Ú ​ _______
= __
3 t (2 – 5t)
1 dt

1 1 __
(
​   ​ Ú ​ __
= __
2 t t2 t3
2 1
​  ​ – ​   ​ + __
)
​   ​  ​ dt

= – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ _______
 ​
3 t (5t – 2)
1
= __
2 ( 2
​   ​ ​ log |t| + __
​  ​ –
t
1
___
)
​  2 ​  ​ + c
2t
 ​
1 1 __
= __
6 t 5t (
​   ​ Ú ​ __
5
​  ​ – ​  ​ – 2 ​ dt )
1
= __
2 ( ​  2
2
​   ​ ​ log |x2 – 1| + _______ ​ 
1
 ​– _________  ​  ​ + c
)
(x – 1) 2 (x2 – 1)2

1
= __
6 ( | ​ 
t
​   ​ ​ log ​ _____
5t – 2 |)
 ​  ​  ​ + c 51. We have,

( | |)
(x2​)4​ ​ 4x dx
9
x3 x 1

1
= __
​   ​ ​ log ​ ______
6
​  3  ​  ​  ​ + c Ú ​ ___________
   ​   ​  Ú ​ _________
​ = __
(2x + 3) dx 4 (2x2 + 3)5
2 5
5x – 2
3
dx 1 4 dx Let 2x2 + 3 = t
48. Ú ​ _________
4
x (1 – 4x )
​   ​ Ú ​ _________
 ​ = __
4
  
x (1 – 4x4)
4
​
fi 4x dx = dt
1 dt Thus,
 ​ ​   ​ Ú ​ _______
= __
4 t (1 – 4t)

 ​
1 dt
= – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ _______
1 ( )
t –3 4
​​ ____
​   ​  ​​ ​ dt
2
​ __ ​  Ú ​ ________ ​ =
1 (t – 3) dt
4
​ ___ ​  Ú ​ ________
4 t (4t – 1) 4 t5 64 t5
4 3 2
 ​ (
1 1 _____
​   ​ Ú ​ __
= __
4 t 4t – 1
​  ​ – ​ 
4
)
 ​ ​ dt ​
64
1 (t – 12t + 54t – 108t + 81
​   ​  Ú ​ ________________________
= ___    
t5
 ​ dt   

1
= __
| |t
​   ​ log ​ _____
4
​ 
4 –1
 ​ ​ + c
1
64 t
1
​   ​  Ú ​ __
= ___
(
​  ​ –
12
___
​  2 ​ +
t
54
___
​  3 ​ –
t
108
____
​  4 ​ +
t
81
___
)
​  5 ​  ​ dt
t
1.106 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

64
1
= ___
( 12 27 ___
​   ​  ​ log |t| + ___
​  ​ – ___
t t
36 81
​  2 ​ + ​  3 ​ – ___
t
​  4 ​  ​ + c
4t )
1 (t + 2) dt
3
​   ​  Ú ​ ________
= ____
162 t4
where 2x2 + 3 = t 3 2
1 (t + 6t + 12t + 8) dt
 ​ = ​ ____ ​  Ú ​ __________________
    ​   
3 162 t4
x
52. Ú ​ ________  ​dx

(x2 + 1)4
Let (x2 + 1) = t

1
​   ​  Ú ​ __
= ____
162 t (
1 6 ___
​  ​ + __
t
12 8
​  2 ​ + ​  3 ​ + __
t )
​  4 ​  ​ dt
t

2
fi 2x dx = dt
1
( 6 6 __
= ​ ____ ​ ​ log |t| – __
162
​  ​ – __
2
)
​   ​ – ​   ​  ​ + c
t t2 t3
1 x (2x) dx
​   ​  Ú ​ ________
= __ where t = 3x2 – 2
2 (x2 + 1)4
6
8x
 ​
1 (t – 1)
​   ​  Ú ​ ______
= __ 55. Ú ​ ________
(3x2 – 2)5
 ​ dx
2 t4 dt

( )
2 4
1 1
​   ​  Ú ​ __
= __
1
__ 4 (x ​)​ ​ (6x) dx
 ​ ​   ​ – ​  4 ​  ​ dt ​   ​  Ú ​ __________
= __   
2 t3 t 3 (3x2 – 2)5

1
= __
2 2t ( 1 1
​   ​ ​ – ​ ___2 ​ + ___
)
​  3 ​  ​ + c
3t
 ​
4
t+2 4
​​ ​ ____
3 ( )
 ​  ​​ ​ dt
​   ​  Ú ​ ________
= __  ​ Let 3x2 – 2 = t

1
= __
( 1
​   ​ ​ – ​ _________
1
 ​ + _________
2 2 (x2 + 1)2 3 (x2 + 1)3
​   ​  ​ + c
)
3 t5

4
fi 6xdx = dt
4 (t + 2) dt
x5 = ​ ____ ​  Ú ​ ________
53. Ú ​ ________
(x – 3)4
2
 ​dx
243 t5


Let
fi
(x2 – 3) = t
2xdx = dt
 ​
4
243
​ (
t4 + 8t3 + 24t2 + 32t + 16
​   ​  Ú ​ _______________________
= ____    
t5
 ​     ​ dt )
= __
2 2
1 (x ​)​ ​ (2x) dx
​   ​  Ú ​ __________
  

243
4
( t
8 24 ___
= ​ ____ ​  Ú ​ t + __
​  2 ​ + ___
t
32 16
​  3 ​ + ​  4 ​ + ___
t t )
​  5 ​  ​ dt

( )
2 (x2 – 3)4 4 t 2
8 12 ___ 32 4
2 = ____
​   ​  ​ __
​   ​ – __
​  ​ – ___
​  2 ​ – ​  2 ​ – __
​  4 ​  ​ + c
1 (t + 3) dt 243 2 t
​   ​  Ú ​ ________
 ​ = __ t 2t t
2 t4
2
where t = 3x2 – 2
1 (t + 6t + 9) dt
​   ​  Ú ​ ____________
 ​ = __  ​
   56. Do yorself.
2 t4 57. We have,
1
2 (
t
6
​   ​  Ú ​ t2 + __
= __
t
9
​  3 ​ + __
​  3 ​  d​ t
)
2 sin x + 3
Ú ​ ___________
  
    ​dx
(3 sin x + 2)2
1 t3
= __
2 3 ( t
3 3
​   ​ ​ __
__
​  2 ​ – __
​   ​ –
t )
​  3 ​  ​ + c

2 sec x tan x + 3 sec2 x
= Ú __________________
 ​    
    ​dx

( )
(x 2
– 3) 3 (3 tan x + 2 sec x)2
1 3 3
= __
​   ​ ​ ​ _______
 ​ – ________ ​  2  ​– ________
​   ​ ​ + c
2 3 (x – 3)2 (x2 – 3)3) Let 2 sec x + 3 tan x = t

x 7 fi (2 sec x tan x + 3 sec2 x) dx = dt

54. Ú ​ _________
(3x2 – 2)4
 ​dx
dt
= Ú ​ __2 ​
2 3
t
1 (x ​)​ ​ (6x) dx
​   ​  Ú ​ __________
= __   
1
= – ​ __​ + c
6 (3x2 – 2)4 t
1
= – ​ ______________
    ​ + c

 ​
1
t+2 3
​​ _____
​   ​  ​​ ​ dt
3
​   ​  Ú ​ _________
= __  ​
( ) Let 3x2 – 2 = t 58. Do yourself
(2 sec x + 3 tan x)

6 t4 59. Do yourself
fi 6xdx = dt
 Indefinite Integrals 1.107

60. We have, dx dt
fi ​ ___________
    ​ = _____
​  ​
(2 + 3 cos x)2 5 sin x

( 4 cos x + 3
Ú ​​ ___________
  
)
    ​  ​dx
(3 cos x + 4)2
3 – 2t
Also, cos x =​  ______ ​
3t – 2

( (4 cosec x cot x + 3 cosec2 x
= Ú ​ ​ ______________________
   
   
(3 cot x + 4 cosec x)2 )
 ​  ​ dx
fi
__ _____
​÷5 ​​÷t2 – 1 ​
sin x = ​ ________ ​
(3t – 2)
Let 3 cot x + 4 cosec x = t
1 dt
fi – (3 cosec2 x + 4 cosec x cot x) dx = dt ​   ​ Ú ​ ____
= __
5 sin x
dt
= – Ú ​ __2 ​ 1 (3t – 2)
 ​ ​  __  ​Ú ​ _______
= ____ _____  ​dt
t 5 ​÷5 ​  ÷ 2
​ t – 1  ​
1
__ _____ _____
= ​  ​ + c 1 __
t
1
= __ ( | |)
​   ​ ​÷5 ​ ​ 3​÷t2 – 1  ​– 2 log ​ t + ​÷t2 – 1 ​  ​  ​ + c
5
= ________________
​      ​+ c
(3 cot x + 4 cosec x)
61. Do yorself.
(
2 cos x + 3
where, t = ​ ​ _________ ​  ​
2 + 3 cos x )
62. Do yorself. 67. Do yorself.
63. We have, 68. Do yorself.
dx 69. Let 4ex + 6e– x = l (9ex – 6– x) + m (9ex + 6e– x)
Ú ​ ___________
  
(3 + 4 sin x)2 fi 4ex + 6e– x = ex (9l + 9m) + e– x (– 6l + 6m)
4 + 3 sin x
 ​ Let ​ _________ ​= t fi 9 (l + m ) = 4 and – 6 ( l – m ) = 6
3 + 4 sin x
dx dt 5 13
fi ​ ___________     ​= – ____
​ cos x ​ fi l = – ​ ___ ​, m = ___
​   ​
(3 + 4 sin x)2 18 18

3t – 4
Also, sin x = ​ ______ ​
3 – 4t
__ _____
(
4ex + 6e– x
Thus, Ú ​ _________
​  x    ​  ​ dx
9e – 4e– x )
​ 7 ​​÷t – 1 ​
÷ 2
fi cos x = ​ ________ 5 13 9ex + 6e– x
(3 – 4t) = – ​ ___ ​ Ú dx + ___
​   ​ Ú ​ __________
    ​dx
  
18 18 (9ex – 6e– x)
 ​ Thus,
5 13
dx 1 dt = – ​ ___ ​x + ___
​   ​ log |(9ex – 6e– x)| + c
Ú ​ ___________
    ​ = – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ____
(3 + 4 sin x)2 7 cos x
18 18
70. Do yorself.
1__ ______ 3 – 4t
 ​ = – ​ ____  ​ Ú ​  _____  ​dt 71. Do yorself.
7​÷7 ​ ​÷t2 – 1  ​
_____ _____ 72. We have,
1__
= – ​ ____  ​ (3 log (t + ÷ ​ t2 – 1 ​) – 4 ​÷t2 – 1 ​) + c dx
7​÷7 ​ Ú ​ _______________
  
______________  ​
4 + 3 sin x ​÷(x + 2) (x +  
5 3
1)  ​
where, ​ _________ ​ x = t
3 + 4 sin dx
= Ú ​ ________________
______________    ​
64. Do yorself.
65. Do yorself. ÷ 8 _____
​ (x + 2)  ​​ ​    
x+2 (
x+1 3
)
 ​ ​​ ​  ​

dx
dx = Ú ​ ______________  
Ú ​ __________
66.     ​ = t
(2 + 3 cos x)2
4 _____
(x + 2)  ​​ ​  (
x + 1 3/2
x+2
 ​ ​​ ​ )
​ 
( dx
Let ​ __________
    ​  ​ = t
(2 + 3 cos x)2 )  ​
x +1
Put ​ _____
​ 
x+2 ( )
 ​  ​ = t2

5 sin x dx
fi ​ ___________
    ​dx = dt fi ​ ______2 ​ = 2t dt
(2 + 3 cos x)2 (x + 2)
1.108 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

Also,
2t2 – 1
x = ______
​ 
1 – t2

(
8t8 – 12t6 + 6t4 – t2
= – 2 Ú ​ ​ _________________
  
(3t2 – 2)
 ​ 
   ​ dt
)
2t2 – 1 1 and then you do it
 ​ fi x + 2 = ​ ______  ​ + 2 = _____
​   ​
1 – t2 1 – t2 (x + 1)
dx
74. Ú ​ ______________
      ​dx
(x + 2) (x + 3)3/2
Thus, Ú ​ _______________
    ​
4 x_____
(x + 2)  ​​ ​ 
x+2(
+ 1 3/2
 ​  ​​ ​ )
(x + 2) – 1
= Ú​  ______________
      ​dx
(x + 2) (x + 3)3/2
(1 – t2)4
= Ú ​ _______
 ​ × 2 t dt
dx dx
t3 = Ú ​ ________  ​– Ú ​ _____________
  
(x + 3)3/2 (x + 2) (x + 3)3/2
(
1 – 4t2 + 6t4 – 4t6 + t8)
= 2 Ú ​ ​ ____________________
   
t2
 ​     ​ dt )  ​
dx
= Ú ​ ________
dx
 ​– Ú ​ ____________     ​

) ( )
(x + 3) 3/2 x + 2
_____  ​  ​ (x + 3)2
(
1 ​ ​ 
= 2 Ú ​ __
​  2 ​ – 4 + 6t2 – 4t4 + t6 ​ dt x+3
t

(1
t
4
= 2 ​ – ​ __​ – 4t + 2t3 – ___
t7
​  5 ​ + __
​   ​  ​ + c
7 ) (
x+2
x+3 )
Put ​ ​ _____ ​  ​ = t
5t
x+1
where t = ​ ​ _____
x+2 ÷
_____

(
(x + 3) ◊1 – (x + 2) ◊ 1
fi ​ ​ __________________
   
(x + 3)2
   ​ ◊ dx = dt
 ​ 
)
dx
fi ​ _______2 ​ = dt
 ​ ​ 73. (
Ú ​​ ​ ______
2x + 3 )
x + 2 1/2 ___ dx
 ​  ​​ ​◊ ​ x  ​ (x + 3)
2 dt
_____  ​– Ú ​ __​

x+2
Put ​ ______ ​ = t2 = – ​ ______
÷
​ x + 3  ​ t
2x + 3

(2x + 3 – 2x – 4)
fi ​ _______________
  
(2x + 3)2
  
 ​ dx = 2t dt

÷
2
= – ​ ______
​ x + 3  ​
x+2
x+3 | |
_____  ​– log ​ ​ _____ ​  ​ + c

_____

÷
dx 2 2–x dx
fi ​ ________2  ​= – 2t dt 75. Ú ​ _______  ​ 3​ ​ _____​ ​dx = 2 Ú ​ ____________________
     ​
  
(2x + 3) (2 – x) 2 2 + x (2 – x) (2 + x/2 – x)1/3
5/3

– dx
fi ​ ________  ​= – 2t dt
dx
= 2 Ú ​ _______________    ​
(1 – 2t2)2

dx
fi ​ _________  ​= 2t dt
2 + x 1/3
(2 – x)2 ​​ _____
​ 
2–x
​  ​​ ​ ( )
(2x2 – 1)2
2 2

2+x
(
Put ​ ​ _____​  ​ = t
2–x )
fi dx = 2t (2t – 1) dt
(2 – x) ◊1 + (2 + x) ◊1
fi ​ __________________
     ​
   dx = dt
3t2 – 2 (2 – x)2
Also, x =​  ______2
dx dt
1 – 2t fi ​ _______2 ​ = __
​   ​
(2 – x) 4
 ​ ( )
1 – 2t2
= Ú t ◊ ​ ​ ______
2
3t – 2
 ​  ​ 2t (2t2 – 1)2 dt

1 dt
​   ​ Ú ​ ___
= __
2 t1/3
t2(1 – 2t2)3 1
 ​ = __
​   ​ t2/3 + c
= 2 Ú ​ _________
   ​dt 3
3t2 – 2)

t2 (1 – 6t2 + 12t4 – 8t6)
= 2 Ú ​ ___________________
     ​ dt
  
= __ (
1 2 + x 2/3
​   ​ ​​ _____
3 2–x
​  )
​  ​​ ​ + c

(3t2 – 2) dx
2 4 6 4
76. Ú ​ _______________
_____   
_____
​÷x + 1 ​ + 3​÷x + 1 ​
 ​
(t – 6t + 12t – 8t )
= 2 Ú  ​ __________________
     ​ dt
  
(3t2 – 2) Let x + 1 = t6
fi dx = 6t5 dt
 Indefinite Integrals 1.109
dx

6t5 dt
= Ú ​ _____ 79. Ú ​ ________
x1/2 + x1/3
 ​
t3 + t2 Let x = t6
3
t
 ​ = 6 Ú ​ ____  ​ dt fi dx = 6t5 dt
t+1
t5
(t3 + 1) – 1 = 6 Ú ​ ______  ​dt
= 6 Ú ​ __________
  
 ​ dt t + t2
3
t+1
t3
(t3 + 1) dt = 6 Ú ​ _____  ​dt
= 6 Ú ​ ______ ​ dt – 6 Ú  ​ ____  ​ t+1
t+1 t+1

(t + 1) (t2 – t + 1)
= 6 Ú ​ ________________
t+1
 ​
  
t+1
dt
   dt – 6 Ú ​ ____  ​ (
(t3 + 1) – 1
= 6 Ú ​ ​ _________
t+1
  
 ​  ​ dt)
= 6 Ú ((t2 – t + 1) – ____
​ 
t+1
1
 ​) dt ( ​ 
t+1
1
= 6 Ú ​ (t2 – t + 1) – ____  ​  ​ dt )

t3
= 6 ​ __ (
​   ​ –
3
t2
__
)
​   ​ + t – log |t + 1| ​ + c
2
= 6 ​ __ (
t3 t2
​   ​ – __
3 2
​   ​ + t – log |t + 1| ​ + c )
_____
where t = 6÷
​ x + 1 ​ where t = (x)1/6
__
dx ​÷x ​
77.  Ú ​ _________________
_____        ​ 80. Ú ​ _______
__  ​ dx
​ x + 1  ​– (x + 1)1/4
÷ ​÷x  ​ + 1
4 3

4
Put x = t4
Let (x + 1) = t
fi dx = 4t3 dt
fi dx = 4t3 dt
2 3
t × t  ​dt
= 4 Ú​ ______
4t3 dt
= Ú ​ _____ t3 + 1
t2 – t
t5
t2 dt = 4 Ú ​ _____  ​ dt
 ​ = 4 Ú ​ ____ t3 + 1
t–1

 ​ ( ​ 
t–1
1
= 4 Ú ​ t + 1 + ____  ​  ​ dt )
(
= 4 Ú ​ t2 – _____
​  3
t +1
t2
)
 ​  ​ dt

t
= 4 ​ __ ( 2
​   ​ + t + log |t – 1| ​ + c )
(
t3 1
= 4 Ú ​ __
​   ​ – __
3 3 )
​   ​ log |t3 + 1| ​ + c
2
where t = x1/4
(
(x + 1)2
= 4 ​ ​ _______
2
 ​ + (x + 1) + log |x| ​ + c ) 81.
__
​÷x ​
Ú ​ ________
__ __ ​dx
1+x –x1/2 1/3 ​÷x ​ + 3​÷x ​
78. Ú  ​ ____________
  
1 + x1/3
  
 ​ dx Let x = t6
6
Let x = t fi dx = 6t5 dt
fi dx = 6t5 dt
t3 × t5
= 6 Ú ​ ________
( )
3 2  ​
1+t –t 5
= 6 Ú ​ _________
​   ​  ​ t dt t3 + t2
1 + t2
t6 dt
Ú( )
t8 – t7 + t5 = 6 Ú ​ ____
= 6  ​ ​ __________
   ​  ​ dt t+1
1 + t2

( t+1
= 6 Ú ​ t – t – t + t – t – t – 1 + ​ _____
6 5 4
t2 + 1
3 2
 ​  ​ dt
)  ​ (
(t6 – 1) + 1
= 6 Ú ​ ​ _________
t+1
  
 ​  ​ dt )

t7 t6 __
= 6 ​ __ [
​   ​ ​ – __
7​ 6 5
t5 t4 __
​   ​ – ​   ​ + __
t3 t2
​   ​ – ​   ​ – __
4 3 2
​   ​ – t
( 1
= 6 Ú ​ 1 + t + t2 + t3 + t4 + t5 + ​ ____  ​  ​ dt
t +1 )
1
+  ​ ​__ ​ log |t2 + 1| + tan– 1 (t) ​ + c
​2 ] ( t2 t3 __
= 6 ​ t + __
​   ​+ __
2 3
t4 t5 __
​   ​ + ​   ​+ __
4 5 6
t6
)
​   ​+ ​   ​+ log |t + 1| ​ + c
__
where t = 6÷ ​ x​ where t = x1/6
1.110 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

( )
dx_____ __ 1
82. Ú ​ ____________
    ​
(x – 1) ​÷x + 3  ​
= ​÷2 ​ tan– 1 ​ ___
​  __ ​  ​ + c
÷
​ 2 ​
______


Let
fi
x – 3 = t2
dx = 2t dt

__
–1x–2
( ÷( ) )
= ​÷2 ​ tan  ​ ​ ​ ​ _____
2
 ​  ​ ​  ​ + c
dx
Also, x – 1 = t2 – 3 – 1 = t2 – 4 86. Ú ​ ___________  ​
(x + 3) ​÷x ​
​  2t dt
= Ú _______ t dt
(t2 – 4) t = 2 Ú ​ _______
2
​ Let x2 = t
(t + 3) t
 ​
dt
= 2 Ú ​ _______ fi 2xdx = dt
(t2 – 22)
dt
= 2 Ú ​ ______
| |
1 t–2  ​
 ​ = __
​   ​ log ​ ​ ____  ​  ​ + c (t2 + 3)
2 t+2

| | ( )
_____ 2__ – 1 ___ t
1 ÷
​ x + 3  ​– 2 = ​ ___  ​ tan  ​ ​  __ ​  ​ + c
= __
​   ​ log ​ __________
​  _____      ​  ​ + c ÷
​ 3 ​ ​÷3 ​
2 ​÷x + 3  ​+ 2
dx_____
83. Ú ​ ____________
    ​
(x + 3) ​÷x + 2  ​

÷
2
= ___
​ 3 ​ ( )
x2
​  __ ​ tan– 1 ​ ___
​  __ ​  ​ + c
​÷3 ​
dx______
Let x + 2 = t2 87. Ú ​ _____________
    ​
(x + 3) ​÷2x + 1 ​
fi dx = 2t dt
t dt
t dt = Ú ​ ______  ​ t
= 2 Ú ​ _______

(t2 + 1) t
dt
( ) 2
t +5
​ _____
​   ​  ​
2
 ​ = 2 Ú ​ ______
(t2 + 1) Let 2x + 1 = t2
 ​ = 2 tan– 1 (t) + c dx = t dt
t2 – 1
Also, x = ​ ____
_____
= 2 tan– 1 (​÷x + 2 ​) + c  ​
2
__
​÷x ​ t2 – 1 t2 + 5
84. Ú ​ _____  ​ dx fi x + 3 = ​ ____  ​ + 3 = ​ _____
 ​
x +1 2 2
dt
Let x2 = t = 2 Ú ​ ______
2
 ​
fi 2xdx = dt (t + 5)

t2 dt
= 2 Ú ​ ____  ​
t+1

2__ – 1 ___
= ​ ___
​÷5 ​ ( ) t
 ​ tan  ​ ​  __ ​  ​ + c
​÷5 ​
______

(
(t2 – 1) + 1
= 2 Ú ​ ​ _________
t+1
  
 ​  ​ dt )
2
= ___
​÷5 ​
(÷ 2x + 1
​  __ ​ tan– 1 ​ ​ ​ ______
5 )
 ​ ​  ​ + c

(
= 2 Ú ​ (t – 1) + ____
​ 
1
t +1 )
 ​  ​ dt 88.
dx
Ú ​ ________
_____  ​
x2 ​÷x – 1 ​

(
t2
= 2 ​ __
​   ​ – t + log |t + 1| ​ + c
2 )

Let
fi
x – 1 = t2
dx = 2t dt

x
(
= 2 ​ __
4
​   ​ – x2 + log |x2 + 1| ​ + c
2 ) Also, x = t2 + 1

dx 2t dt
85. Ú ​ _______
_____ = Ú ​ ________
x ​÷x – 2 (t2 + 1) 2t
t dt dt
 ​ = 2 Ú ​ ________  ​ Let (x – 2) = t2  ​ = 2 Ú ​ _______
 ​ (t2 + 2) t (t + 1)2
2

fi 2xdx = dt
dt
= 2 Ú dt (t2 + 2)  ​ Now, Ú ​ ______  ​
t2 + 1
 Indefinite Integrals 1.111
x dx x dx
= _____
​  2
1 1
 ​ Ú dt – Ú ​ ________  ​× (– 2t) ◊ t dt 91. Ú ​ __________________
      _____  ​ = Ú ​ _________________
(x2 + 2x + 2) ​÷x + 1 ​
      _____
((x + 1)2 + 1 ​÷x + 1
t +1 (t2 + 1)2

t (t2 + 1) – 1  ​ Let (x + 1) = t2
= _____
​  2  ​ + 2 Ú ​ _________
   ​dt  ​
t +1 (t2 + 1)2 fi dx = 2tdt
t dt dt
= _____
​  2  ​ + 2 Ú ​ _______  ​– 2 Ú ​ _______ (t2 – 1)t dt
t +1 (t2 + 1) (t2 + 1)2 = 2 Ú ​ _________
(t4 + 1)t

( )
dt t
 ​ fi 2 Ú ​ ________  ​= ______
​   ​+ 2 tan– 1 t + c  ​
t2 – 1
= 2 Ú ​ ______
​  4  ​ ​ dt
(t2 + 1)2 t2 + 1 t +1
_____

( )
÷ _____
​ x – 1 ​
= ​ ______ –1 1 – (1/t2)
x ​ + 2 tan (​÷x – 1 ​) + c = 2 Ú ​ _________
 ​  2  ​  ​ dt
t + (1/t)2
dx

(( ) )
89. Ú ​ _____________
    ​
_____
1–1
​ _____
2
(x – 4) ​÷x + 1  ​  ​
t2
Let (x + 1) = t2 = 2 Ú ​ ​  __________     ​  ​ dt
1 2
​​ t + __​  ​  ​​ ​ – 2
fi dx = 2tdt t

| |
( )
1 __

t dt
= 2 Ú ​ ____________
   ​ t + __​  ​ – ​÷2 ​  ​
1 t
((x + 1)2 – 4) t = ___
​  __ ​ log ​ ​ ___________    __  ​  ​ + c

 ​
dt
= 2 Ú ​ __________
    ​
​÷2 ​
( 1
​ t + __
​  ​ + ÷
t )
​ 2 ​  ​
2 _____
(t + 2t – 3) where t = ​÷x + 1 ​
dt
= 2 Ú ​ ___________
   dx
(t + 3) (t – 1) 92. Ú ​ _________
2 __
(x – 1) ​÷x ​
 ​
1
= __ (
2 t–1 t+3
​ 
1
​   ​ Ú ​ ____
1
 ​ – ____
​  )
 ​  ​ dt  ​

Let x2 = t
fi 2xdx = dt

| |
t dt

1
= __
t– 1
​   ​ log ​____
​   ​  ​ + c = 2 Ú ​ _______
2 t+3 (t4 – 1)t

| |
_____ dt
1 ÷
​ x + 1 ​ – 1  ​ = 2 Ú ​ ______
= __
​   ​ log ​ ​ __________
_____      ​    ​ + c 4
(t – 1)
2 ​÷x + 1 ​+ 3
dt
dx  ​ = 2 Ú ​  2
____________   
90. Ú ​ _________
__ ​ (t – 1) (t2 + 1)
( )
2
(x + 1) ​÷x ​ 1 1
 ​ = ​ _____
​  2  ​ – _____
​   ​  ​ dt
Let x = t2 t – 1 t2 + 1

t dt
= 2 Ú ​ _______
fi dx = 2tdt
1
2 | |t–1
= ​ __ ​ log ​ ​ ____ ​  ​ – tan– 1 (t) + c
t+1
__

 ​
4
(t + 1) t
dt
= 2 Ú ​ ______

1
2 | |​ x ​– 1
÷
= ​ __ ​ log ​ ​ ______
__
​÷x ​+ 1
__
 ​  ​ – tan– 1 (​÷x ​) + c

3 x dx
(t + 1) 93. Ú ​ ________________
2
      _____
(x – 2x + 2) ​÷x – 1 ​
2 dt
 ​ = Ú ​ ______ x dx
(t4 + 1)  ​ = Ú ​ __________________
      _____  ​
(​ (x – 1) + 1 )​ ​÷x – 1 ​
2

 ​
( (t2 + 1) – (t2 – 1)
= Ú ​ ​ _______________
  
(t4 + 1)
 ​ 
   ​ dt
)

Let (x – 1) = t2
fi dx = 2t dt
Ú( )
(t2 + 1) (t 2
– 1)
=  ​ ​ ______  ​ – ______
​   ​  ​ dt 2
(t + 1) 2t dt
= Ú ​ __________
4 4
(t + 1) (t + 1)    ​
and then you do it. (t4 + 1) t
1.112 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

(t2 + 1) dt 1
= 2 Ú ​ ________ where t = _____
​   ​
x+1
t4 + 1)
dx
Ú ​ _________________
 ​
(
​ 1 + __
1
​  2 ​  ​ dt
t
= 2 Ú ​ _________
) 95.      
__________
(x + 2) ​÷x + 2x +
2
  2  ​

(
​ t + __
2 1
​  2 ​  ​
t )  ​ Put
1
(x + 1) = __
​  ​
t
1
dx = – ​ __2 ​ dt

 ​ Ú
(
​ 1 + __
t
= 2  ​ __________
1
​  2 ​  ​ dt
    
)

1
fi
t
– ​ __2 ​ dt
(1 2
__
t )
​​ t – ​  ​  ​​ ​ + 2
= Ú________
​  _____t

÷
1
__ 1
​  ​ ​ __
 ​ 2
z +2
dz
= 2 Ú ​ _____  ​
1
(
Let z = ​ t – ​ __​  ​
t ) t t2
​   ​ + 1 ​

__ dt
= ​÷2 ​ tan– 1 ​ ___
z
( )
​  __ ​  ​ + c
÷
​ 2 ​
 ​ = – Ú ​ _______
______  ​
÷​ t + 1  ​
2

( ))
_____
(
__ 1 1
= ​÷2 ​ tan– 1 ​ ___
​  __ ​ ​ t – __
÷
​ 2 ​
​  ​  ​  ​ + c
t |
= – log ​ t + ​÷t2 + 1 ​  ​ + c |

| |
______

( )
__ 1 _____
÷
1 1 1
= ​÷2 ​ tan– 1 ​ ___ ​ x – 1 ​ – ______
​  __ ​ (÷ ​  _____  ​  ​ + c = – log ​ __
​ x ​ + ​ __
​  2 ​ + 1 ​  ​ + c
÷
​ 2 ​ ​÷x – 1 ​ x
dx_____
94. Ú ​ _____________
   dx
(x + 1) ​÷x2 + 1
96. Ú ​ ________
_____
x ​÷x + 4
2
1
 ​ Let  (x + 1) = __
​  ​ 1
t  ​ Put x = __
​  ​
 ​ t
1  ​
fi  dx = – ​ __2 ​ dt 1
t fi dx = – ​ __2 ​ dt
t
1 1–t
Also, x = __
​  ​ – 1 = ​ ____​ 1
t t – ​ __2 ​ dt
1 t
– ​ __2 ​ dt = Ú ​ ________
_____

÷
t __1 1
= Ú  ​ ______________
     
___________ ​  ​​ __
​   ​ + 4
t t2
÷( )
__1 1 2
​  ​​ ​​ 1 – __ ​  ​  ​​ ​  
+ 1  ​
t t
dx
 ​ = – Ú ​ _______
______
dt     ​  ​ ÷​ 4t2 + 1
 ​ = – Ú ____________
​  ___________
1 _________ dt
÷​ (t – 1)2 +  
t2  ​  ​ = – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ __________
  
2 ​ t2 + (1/2)2
dt
 ​ ÷
= – Ú ​ _____________ ______

| |
    ​
____________

÷
1 1
÷​ (2t – 2t +  
2
1)  ​  ​ = – ​ __ ​ log ​ t + ​ t2 + __
​   ​  ​ ​ + c
 ​ 2 4

| |
______
1__ ___________dt
 ​ Ú ​  __________
= – ​ ___
÷
1 1 1 1
    ​ = – ​ __ ​ log ​ __
​ x ​ + ​ __
​  2 ​ + __
​   ​ ​  ​ + c
÷( )
÷
​ 2 ​ 2 1
__ 2 x 4
​ ​ t – t +  
​   ​  ​  ​
2 dx_____
1__ ________________ dt
97. Ú ​ ____________
  
= – ​ ___  ​  Ú ​  _______________     ​ (x – 1) ​÷x + 4
2

÷(( ) ( ) )
÷
​ 2 ​ 1 2 1 2 1
​  ​ ​​ t – __ ​​ __
​   ​  ​​ ​ +    ​   ​  ​​ ​  ​  ​  ​ Put (x – 1) = __
​  ​
2 2 t
 ​
_________

| 2|
1
= – ​ ___ ​ log ​ ​( t – __
​   ​ )​ + ​ t – t + __ dx = – ​ __2 ​ dt
÷

1 __
1 1 2
​   ​ ​  ​ + c fi
÷
​ 2 ​ 2 t
1
__
_________ ​  2 ​ dt

​ 2 ​ | 2|
= – ​ ___ ​ log ​ ​( t – __
​   ​ )​ + ​ t – t + __
÷
1 1 1 t
__ 2
​   ​ ​  ​ + c = Ú – ______________
​  ____________     ​
÷( )
÷ 2 1
__ 1
__ 2
​  ​​ ​​ ​  ​ + 1 ​​ ​   + 4  ​
t t
 Indefinite Integrals 1.113

dx 1
= – Ú ​ _____________
    ​
___________  ​ Put (3x + 2) = __
​  ​
t
÷​ (1 + t)2 +  
4t2  ​  ​
dt
fi ___
dx = – ​  2
dt
= – Ú ​ ___________
    ​
__________ 3t
÷​ 5t + 2t   
2
+ 1  ​
1__ ___________
dx
 ​ Also,
1 1
x = __
3 t (
​   ​ ​ __ )
​  ​ – 2 ​
= – ​ ___  ​ Ú ​  __________   

÷
​÷5 ​ 2 __ 2 1 dt
+ __
​ t + ​   ​ t   ​   ​  ​ ___
​  2 ​
5 5 3t
= – Ú ​ _______________
____________   

÷( )
__1 1 __ 1 2
 ​
1__ ______________
= – ​ ___
dt
 ​ Ú ​  _____________     ​ ​  ​​ __
​   ​ ​​ ​  ​ – 2 ​​  
​ – 4  ​
t 9 t
÷( ) ()
​÷5 ​ 1 2 2 2
​ ​​ t + __ ​​ __
​   ​  ​​ ​ +    ​   ​  ​​ ​  ​
5 5 dt
________  ​ = – Ú ​ ______________
    ​
_____________

​÷5 ​ | ÷ ​ 5 ​ t + __​ 5 ​ ​ |​ + c

= – ​ ___ ​ log ​ ​( t + __
​   ​ )​ + ​ t __ ​÷(1 – 2t)2 –  
36t2  ​
1 1 2 21
__
5
dt
= – Ú ​ ____________
    ​
___________
1 ÷​ 1 – 4t –   
where t = ______
​   ​ 32t2  ​
(x – 1)
1__ _______________
dt
98.
dx _____
Ú ​ ______________
   = – ​ ____ ​ Ú ​  ______________     ​

÷{ }
(2x – 1) ​÷x + 1 4​÷2 ​ t ___ 1
​ – ​ t – ​ __ ​ –  
2 2
​   ​  ​  ​
8 32
1
 ​ Put (2x – 1) = __ ​  ​ 1__ _____________________
dt
 ​
t = – ​ ____ ​ Ú ​  ____________________
        ​

÷ {( ) ( )}
4​÷2 ​ 1 2
___ 3 2
fi
dt
dx = – ​ ___2  ​  ​​ ​ – ​​ ___
​ – ​ ​​ t – ​      ​   ​  ​​ ​  ​  ​
16 16
2t
1__ ________________ dt
= – ​ ____ ​ Ú ​  _______________
1 1
Also, x = __
​   ​ ​ __ ( )     ​

÷( ) ( )
 ​ ​  ​ + 1 ​ 4​÷2 ​ ___ 3 2 1 2
2 t ​ ​​ ​   ​  ​​ ​ – ​​ t –   ___
​   ​  ​​ ​  ​
dt
___ 16 16

( )
​  2 ​
= – Ú ​ _______________
____________
2t
    ​ ( )
1__ – 1 _______
​ t – ___
1
​   ​  ​
16
÷( )
__1 __1 __ 1 2
____
= – ​   ​ sin  ​ ​   ​  ​ + c
​  ​​ ​   ​ ​​ ​  ​ + 1 ​​  
​ + 1  ​ 4​÷2 ​ 3
___
t   4 t ​   ​
16
dt
= – 2 Ú ​ _____________
    ​
___________
÷​ (1 + t)2 +  
4t2  ​
1__ – 1 16t
= – ​ ____
4​÷2 ​
(
–1
 ​ sin  ​ ​ ______
3
 ​  ​ + c )
dt
= – 2 Ú ​ ___________
  
__________ 100.
dx
Ú ​ _________
______
÷​ 5t + 2t   
2
+ 1  ​ x  ​÷x – 1  ​
2 2

1
2__ ___________dt  ​ Put x = __
​  ​
 ​ = – ​ ___  ​ Ú ​  __________
    ​ t

÷
​÷5 ​ 2 __ 2t __ 1
​ t + ​   ​   
+ ​   ​  ​ 1
5 5 fi dx – ​ __2 ​ dt
t
2__ ______________ dt
= – ​ ___  ​ Ú ​  _____________     ​ 1 1 – t2
Also, x2 – 1 = __ ​  2 ​ – 1 = ​ _____
÷( ) ()
​÷5 ​ 1
__ 2 2 2  ​
​​ __
​ ​​ t + ​   ​  ​​ ​ +    ​   ​  ​​ ​  ​ t t2
5 5
1
__________ – ​ __2 ​ dt

​÷5 ​ | ÷ ​ 5 ​ t + __​ t ​ ​ |​ + c

= – ​ ___ ​ log ​ ​( t + __
​   ​ )​ + ​ t + __
2 1 2 1 dx t
__ 2
   Thus, Ú ​ ________
_____  ​ = Ú ​ ________
_____

÷
5 x  ​÷x – 1 ​
2 2
1 1 – t2
__
​  2 ​ ​ ​ _____  ​ ​
1 t t2
where t = _______
​   ​
(2x – 1) – t dt
 ​ = Ú ​ ______
_____  ​
dx _____ ÷​ 1 – t2  ​
99. Ú ​ ______________
   _____
(3x + 2) ​÷x – 4
2
= ​÷1 – t2  ​+ c
1.114 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster
_______

÷ ()
t dt______

1 2
= ​ 1 – ​​ __
​ x ​  ​​ ​ ​ + c = – Ú ​ _____________
    ​
(1 – t ) ​÷1 + 2t2  ​
2
_____
÷​ 1 – x2 ​​ + c 1 v dv
= ​ ______ = ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ___________    ​ Let (1 + 2t2) = v2
( )
x 4 _____ 2
v –1
​ ​   ​ – 1 ​ v
dx_____ 2 fi
101. Ú ​ ____________
   4tdt = 2v dv
(x + 1 ​÷x + 2
2 2

1 dv
1 ​   ​ Ú ​ _______
= __
 ​ Put x = __
​  ​ 2 (v2 – 3)
t

| |
 ​ __
dt 1__ v –÷​ 3 ​
fi dx = __​  2 ​  ​ = ​ ____  ​ log ​ ​ ______
__ ​   ​ + c
t 4 ​÷3 ​ v+÷ ​ 3 ​
dt
– ​ __2 ​

| |
______ __
t ______ 1 ÷​ 1______
+ 2t2 ​ – ​÷3 ​
= Ú ​ ______________     ​ = ____
​  __ ​ log ​ ​ ____________
   __ ​  ​ + c

(
​ __
1
)÷
​  2 ​ + 1 ​ ​ __
1
​  2 ​ + 2  ​
4 ​÷3 ​ ​÷1 + 2t2 ​+ ​÷3 ​

| |
t t ______
__

÷
1+2
t dt______ ​ ​ _____  ​  ​– ​÷3 ​
= – Ú ​ ______________    1 x2
(t2 + 1) ​÷1 + 2t2  ​ = ____
​  __ ​ log ​ ​ ___________
______     ​  ​ + c
__

÷
4 ​÷3 ​ 1+2
​ ​ _____ ​ + ​ ÷
​ 3 ​
1 dv______
= – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ _____________
2
 ​    ​ , where t2 = v x
2 (v + 1) ​÷1 + 2v ​
dx ______
fi 2tdt = dx 103. Ú ​ _____________
    ​
(1 + x ) ​÷1 – x2  ​
2

(1 + 2v) = z2 1
Let Put x = __
​ 
t
dv = z dz dt
2
 ​ fi dx = – ​ __2 ​
z –1 dt
__ t
Also, v = _____
​  ​  2 ​
2 t ______
= – Ú ​ _____________     ​
 ​
1

(
2 z2 – 1
z dz
= – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ___________
_____
  
​ ​   ​ + 1 ​ z ) ( )÷t
1
​ 1 + __
1
​  2 ​  ​ ​ 1 – __
​  2 ​  ​
t
2
t dt _____
= – Ú ​ _____________
  
dz
= – Ú ​ _______ (1 + t ) ​÷t2 – 1
2
 ​
(z2 + 1)
v dv
 ​ = cot– 1 (z) + c  ​ = – Ú ​ ________
2
​, Let (t 2 – 1) = v
 ​ (v + 2) v
______
= cot– 1 (​÷1 + 2v) ​ + c fi 2tdt = dx
_______
dv
= cot– 1 (​÷1 + 2t2) ​ + c = – Ú ​ _______
______ (v2 + 2)

(÷
= cot– 1 ​ ​ 1 + __
x
2
)
​  2 ​ ​   ​ + c
 ​
÷
1__ – 1 ___
= – ​ ___
​ 2 ​
v
( )
 ​ cot  ​ ​  __ ​  ​ + c
​÷2 ​
dx______
102. Ú ​ _____________
   _____

 ​
(x – 1) ​÷x2 + 2  ​
2

1
Let x = __
​  ​

÷
1
= ___
​ 2 ​ (
​÷t2 – 1 ​
​  __ ​ cot– 1 ​ ​ ______ )
__ ​  ​ + c
​÷2 ​
t _____

fi
dt
dx = – ​ __2 ​
t

÷
1
= ___
​ 2 ​ ( ÷ )
1 1
​  __ ​ cot– 1 ​ ___
​  __ ​ ​ __
​÷2 ​ x2
​   ​ – 1 ​  ​ + c

x dx_____
dt
__
​  2 ​ 104. Ú ​ _____________
  
t ______ (x – 1) ​÷x + 3
4 4
= – Ú ​ _____________     ​

t( )÷
1
​ ​ __2 ​ – 1 ​ ​ __
1
​  2 ​ + 2  ​
t
 ​
 ​

Let
fi
x2 = t
2xdx = dt
 Indefinite Integrals 1.115

1
= __
dt ______
​   ​ Ú ​ _____________
  
2 (t2 – 1) ​÷t2 + 3  ​

(t
fi ​ _______
)
​  _____  ​  ​ dx = dt
÷​ x + 1 ​
2

1
dy
___
​  2 ​
y 1

1
Also, x2 + 1 = __
4 (
1 2
​   ​ ​​ t – __
​  ​  ​​ ​ + 1
t )
 ​ = – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ______________     ​ Let t = __
______ ​ y ​ ______ ___________

2 __
y
1
( )÷
​ ​  2 ​– 1 ​ ​ __
1
​  2 ​ + 3 ​
y fi dt = – ___
dy
​  2 ​
y

1
fi ​÷x2 + 1  ​= __
2 ÷( )
1 2
​   ​ ​ ​​ t – __
​  ​  ​​ ​   
t
+ 4  ​
_______
​   ​ ​ ​​( t + __​  ​ )​​ ​  ​
2÷
1 1 2
= __
t

​   ​ ​( t + __​  ​ )​

1 y dy 1 1
= – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ _______________
  
______ = __
2 (1 – y2) ​ 1 + 3y2   2 t
÷ _____
 ​
 ​
1
4
v dv
= – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ________
(4 – v2) v
​ Let (3y + 1) = v 2 2
Thus, dx = ​ _______
​ 
t (
÷​ x2 + 1 ​​  ​ dt
)
fi 3ydy = 2vdu

1
= __
4 (v2 – 4)
dv
​   ​ Ú ​ _______ fi d
1
__
2( ( ))
________
x = ​ ​ 
t
1
​   ​  ​ t + __
​  ​  ​
t
​  ​ dt

 ​
16
1
= ___
| |
v–2
​   ​ log ​ _____
​ 
v+2
 ​ ​ + c fi
1 t2 + 1
dx = __ ( )
​   ​ ​ ______
2
​  2 ​  ​ dt
t

| |
_______
1 ​÷3y2 + 1 – ​ 2 Thus, the given integral reduces to
= ___
​   ​ log ​ ​ ___________
______    ​  ​ + c
16
÷
​ 3y2 + 1 ​+ 2
( )
| |
1 t2 + 1 1
______ ​ __ ​ Ú t10 ​ ​ _____ ​   ​ Ú t8 (t2 + 1) dt
 ​  ​ dt = __
2 2
÷
3 t2
​ __
​  2 ​ + 1  ​– 2
1 x
= ___
​   ​ log ​ ​ ___________
______        ​  ​ + c
1
​   ​ Ú (t10 + t8) dt
= __

÷
16 3
__ 2
​ ​  2 ​ + 1  ​+ 2

105.
dx
Ú ​ __________________
     
__________ ​
x

1 t11
= __
2 11 (
​   ​ ​ ___
​   ​ +
t9
__
)
​   ​  ​ + c,
9
_____
(x – 1) ​÷x + 4x +
2 2
  5  ​
where (x + ​÷x2 + 1 ​) = t
1
Let x = ​ __ ______
t
dt
107. Ú (x – ​÷x2 + 4) ​5 dx
 ​ fi dx = –  ​ __2 ​ _____
t Put (x – ​÷x2 + 4 ​) = t
dt
– ​ __2 ​
= Ú ​ _________________
  
t
  
__________
( 1 _____
× 2x
fi ​ 1 – ​ ________  ​  ​ dx = dt
2 ​÷x2 + 4 ​ )
( )÷
1
__ 1 __
__ 4
​ ​  2 ​– 1 ​ ​ ​  2 ​ + ​  ​ +  
t
5  ​

( )
t t x
fi ​ 1 – _______
​  _____  ​  ​ dx = dt
 ​
t dt
= Ú ​ __________________
       ​
__________
÷​ x + 4 ​
2

( )
_____
(t – 1) ​÷5t2 + 4t   
2
+ 1  ​

÷​ x_____
fi ​ x – ​ _______
2
+ 4 ​
 ​  ​ dx = – dt
_____
106. ​Ú ​ ​(x + ​÷x2 + 1 ​)10 dx ÷​ x + 4 ​
2

Let (x + ÷
______
​ x2 + 1 ​) = t

(t
fi ​ _______
÷​ x + 4 ​
2 )
​  _____  ​ ​ dx = – dt

( ) ( ( ))
t

1 _____
× 2x
fi ​ 1 + ​ ________  ​ ​ dx = dt fi ​ _________
​   ​  ​ dx = – dt
t __
__ 2
2 ​÷x2 + 1 ​ – ​ ​   ​ + ​  ​  ​
t
2

( )
_____

x+÷ ​ x2 + 1 ​
fi ​ __________
​  _____    ​  ​ dx = dt fi
1 t
dx = __
​  ​​ __
t 2 (
​   ​ +
2
__
)
​  ​  ​ dt
t
÷​ x2 + 1 ​
1.116 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

fi
1 2
dx = ​ __
(
​   ​ + __
2 t2 )
​   ​  ​ dt
3
​   ​ ​( t– 8/3 – t– 2/3 )​ + c
= __
4
_____
where t = (x + ​÷x2 – 4 ​)

{ ( )}1 2
= Ú ​ t5 ​ __
​   ​ + __
2 t2
​   ​  ​  ​ dt
110. Do yourself.

Ú( )5
t
= ​ __
​   ​ + 2t3 ​ dt dx_____ dx
2 111. Ú ​ ____________
    ​ = Ú ​ _____________
    ​
______

( )
t6
= ​ ___
12 2
t4
​   ​ + __
​   ​  ​ + c
x (x – ​÷x + 9 ​
2 2
( ÷ )
9
x3 ​ 1 – ​ 1 + __
​  2 ​ ​  ​
x
_____
where t = (x – ​÷x2 + 4 ​)
______
Put ​ 1 + __
9
​  2 ​  ​ = t2
x ( )
108. Ú (x + ÷​ 1 + x2 ​)n dx dx t
​ ___3 ​ = – ​ __ ​ dt
______ x 9
Put (x + ÷
​ x2 + 1) ​ = t
1 t
= – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ____ ​dt
fi
1 t +1
dx = __
2 t2 ( )
​   ​ ​ ​ _____
2
 ​  ​ dt

1
= __
9 1–t
t
​   ​ Ú ​ ____  ​ dt

1
2 ( )
t2 + 1
​   ​ Ú tn ​ ______
= __ ​  2 ​  ​ dt
t

9 t–1

(
1 (t – 1) + 1
= ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ​ _________
  
 ​  ​ dt)
1 9 t–1
​   ​ Ú tn– 2 (t2 + 1) dt
= __
2
1

1
= __
9 ( ​ 
t–2
1
​   ​ Ú ​ 1 + ____ )
 ​  ​ dt
​   ​ Ú (tn + tn– 2) dt
= __
2 1
= __
​   ​ (t + log |t – 1|) + c

( )
9
1 tn + 1 tn– 1
= __
​   ​ ​ ​ _____  ​ + _____
​   ​  ​ + c ______

÷
2 n+1 n–1 9
_____ where t = ​ 1 + __
​  2 ​  ​
x
where t = (x + ÷
​ x2 + 1 ​)
dx
dx
112. Ú ​ ____________
  
x1/2 (2 + 3x)3/2
109. Ú ​ _____________
_____    ​
(x + ÷ ​ x2 – 4 ​)5/3
______  ​ Let 2 + 3x = t x
Put (x + ÷
​ x2 – 4) ​ = t
fi ( )
​ 
2
x = ​ ____
t –3
 ​  ​

( 1 ______
× 2x
fi ​ 1 + ​ ________  ​  ​ dx = dt
2 ​÷x2 – 4 ​ ) fi ​ 
– 2 dt
dx – ______
(t – 3)2
 ​

(
fi ​ 1 + _______
x
​  ______ ​  ​ dx = dt
÷​ x – 4 ​
2 ) ​  – 2 dt  ​
_______
(t – 3)2
= Ú​  _____________

(
t
fi ​ ______
​  _____  ​ ​ dx = dt
÷​ x – 4 ​
2 )
( )
​ 
t–3
    
2 1/2 3/2 3/2
​​ ____  ​ ​​ ​ t x

fi
1 t __
dx = __
​  ​ ​ __
t 2 t ( 2
​   ​ – ​  ​  ​ dt) – 2 dt
_______
​ 
(t – 3)2
 ​
= Ú ​  _________________
( )
1 2  ​      3/2 ​
fi dx = ​ __
​   ​ – __
2 t2
​   ​  ​ dt
( ) ( )
2 1/2 3/2 ____
​​ ____
​ 
t –3
 ​  ​​ ​t  ​​ ​ 
t –3
2
 ​  ​​ ​

(1 2
​ __
​   ​ – __
2 t2
= Ú ​  5/3 ​ dt
_______
)
​   ​  ​
= – Ú t– 3/2 dt
t
2
= __
(
t – 5/3
= Ú ​ ____
​   ​ – 2t– 11/3 ​ dt
2 ) ​  _ ​ + c
​ t​
÷
 Indefinite Integrals 1.117
2
= _______
​  ______  ​+ c
Ú dx/x1/3 (2x + 1)5/3
÷2______
+ 3x 115.
​ ​  x ​  ​
dx
113. Ú ​ ____________
  
x2/3 (2 + 3x)4/3
Put (2x + 1) = t x
1
 ​ Let (2 + 3x) = t x fi x = ____
​ 
t–2
fi x (t – 3) = 2  ​ fi
dt
dx = – ​ ______2
2 (t – 2)
fi x = ______
​ 
(t – 3) dt
______
​   ​
–2
dx = ​ ______2 ​ dt (t – 2)2
 ​ fi  ​ = – Ú ​ ___________________  
     ​

2
______
(t – 3)
( )
​ 
1 1/3 5/3 ____
​​ ____
t –2
 ​  ​​ ​ (t)  ​​ ​ ( )
1 5/3
t –2
 ​  ​​ ​
​   ​
(t – 3)2 = – Ú t– 5/3 dt
= – Ú ​  __________________
  
     ​dt
( t–3 )
2 2/3 4/3 ____
​​ ____
​   ​  ​​ ​ t  ​​ ​ ( )
t–3
2 4/3
 ​  ​​ ​ 

3
= __
​   ​ (t– 2/3) + c
2
2
= – Ú ​ __ ​ × t– 4/3 dt

1
4

= – ​ __ ​ Ú t– 4/3 dt
2

3
= __
2 (( 1
​   ​ ​ _________
​ 
)
1 2/3
​​ 2 + __ )
 ​  ​ + c
​ x ​  ​​ ​

116. Do yourself
3
= __
​   ​ (t – 4/3) + c 117. Do yourself.
2
118. We have,

3
= __
2 (( 1
​   ​ ​ _________
​ 
​​ 3 + __ )
2 1/3
​ x ​  ​​ ​)
 ​  ​ + c

dx
Ú ​ _____________
  
(x – 1)3 (x + 2)4
dx
114. Ú ​ ____________
    ​
dx
= Ú ​ _______________     ​
x (3x – 1)5/4
( )
3/4
(x – 1)
______
3
​​ ​   ​  ​​ ​ (x + 2)7
 ​ Put (3x – 1) = t x (x + 2)
1
fi x = – ​ ______  ​
(t – 3)
x–1
(
Put ​ ​ _____  ​  ​ = t
x+2 )
1
fi dx = ______
​   ​ dt 3
(t – 3)2 fi ​ _______2  ​dx = dt
(x + 2)
1
 ​ ______2 ​ 2t + 1
(t – 3) Also, x = ​ _____ ​
= Ú​ __________________   
     ​ 1–t
_________________dt
 ​         ​ 3
x + 2 = ____
( ) ( )
1 3/4 5/4 ____
​​ ____
​ 
t –3
 ​  ​​ ​ t ​​ ​ 
1 5/4
t –3
 ​  ​​ ​
fi ​ 
1–t

1 dt
 ​ ​  6 ​  Ú ​ ________5  ​
= __
( )
dt
= Ú ​ ___ 3 t3 ​​ ____ ​ 
1
 ​  ​​ ​
t5/4 t –1

Ú t – 5/4 dt
5
 ​ = 1 (t – 1) dt
​  6 ​ Ú  ​ ________
= __  ​
3 t3
= – 4t– 1/4 + c 5
– 5t4 + 10t3 – 10t2 + 5t – 1) dt
1 t____________________________

4
= – ​ ___  ​ + c

 ​ = __
​ 
36
Ú
 ​    ​      
t3
  
4 _
​ t​
÷

4
= – ​ ________
_______  ​ + c

3
1
( 10
​  6 ​ Ú  ​ t2 – 5t + 10 – ___
= __ ​  ​ +
t
5
__
​  2 ​ –
t
1
__
)
​  3 ​  ​ dt
t
4
÷( 1
​ ​ 3 – __
​ x ​  ​ ​)
1.118 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

= __
1 t3 __
​  6 ​ ​ __
3 3 2 ( 5 5
​   ​ – ​   ​ t2 + 10t – 10 log |t| – __
1
​  ​ + ___
t
​  2 ​  ​ + c
2t )
1 dt
​   ​ Ú ​ ___
= __
3 t3/4

where t = ​ _____
x–1
​ 
x+2 ( )
 ​  ​  ​
4 1
= __
​   ​ ​ ___
3 4​÷t ​ ( )
​  _ ​  ​ + c

( ÷( ) )
dx dx
119. Ú ​ _____________
  2 ​ = Ú ​ ______________
    ​
4 _______
= __
​   ​ ​ _________
​ 
1
 ​  ​ + c
3
(x – 1) (x – 2) 5 x–2 2
_____
(x – 1)  ​​ ​  (
x–1
 ​  ​​ ​ ) 3 4 _____ x–1
​  ​ ​ 
x–2
 ​  ​ ​

x–2
Put ​ _____
​ 
x–1 ( )
 ​  ​ = t
122.
dx
Ú ​ _________ dx
 ​ = Ú ​ ______________
x 2   6  ​
(x – 1) ◊ 1 – (x – 2) ◊ 1
​ ___________________
     ​ dx
   = dt
x2 (x + 5)4 (
_____
​​ ​ 
x+5 )
 ​  ​​ ​ (x + 5)
(x – 1)2
dx
​ _______2  ​= dt
​ 
x+5
x
Put ​ _____ (
 ​  ​ = t )
(x – 1)
5 dx
t–2 fi ​ _______2  ​= dt
Also, x = ​ _____ (x + 5)
t–1
dx
t– 2 1 fi ​ _______2  ​= __
​   ​
 ​ (x – 1) = ​ ____  ​ – 1 = – ​ ______  ​ (x + 5) 5
t–1 (t – 1)
1 dt

dt
= Ú ​ ________ ​  5 ​ Ú ​ ________4 ​
= __
( )1 3 2
____
​​ ​ 
t–1
 ​  ​​ ​ t
5 t  ​​ ____
2
( )
​ 
1–t
1
​  ​​ ​

(t – 1)3 dt 4
 ​ = Ú ​ _________
 ​
1 (t – 1) dt
​  5 ​ Ú ​ _________
= __  ​
t2 5 t2
(t3 – 3t2 + 3t – 1)
= Ú ​ _______________
4 3 2
 ​ dt
   1 (t – 4t + 6t – 4t + 1) dt
t2 ​  5 ​ Ú ​ ______________________
= __     ​   
5 t2

( 3 1
= Ú ​ t – 3 + ​ __​ – __
t t2 )
​   ​  ​ dt

1
( 4
​  5 ​ Ú ​ t2 – 4t + 6 – __
= __ ​  ​ +
t
1
__
)
​  2 ​  ​ dt
5 t
(t2
= ​ __
2
1
​   ​ – 3t + 3 log |t| + __
t )
​  ​  ​ + c
= __
1 t3
(
​  5 ​ ​ __
1
​   ​ – 2t2 + 6t – 4 log |t| – __
​  ​  ​ + c )
5 3 t
x–2
where t = ​ _____
​ 
x–1
 ​  ​( )
120. Do yourself.
​ 
x+5
x
where t = ​ _____ (
 ​  ​ )
dx
121.
dx
Ú ​ _______________ dx
    ​ = Ú ​ ________________
______________     ​
123. Ú ​ _______________
    ​
(x – 1) (x + 1)5/2
3/2
4
​÷(x – 1) (x +  
3 5
2)  ​ (x – 1) (x + 2)5/4
3/4

dx
dx = Ú ​ _______________     ​
= Ú ​ _______________
(
x – 1 3/4
_____
​​ ​ 
x+2
    ​
)
 ​ ​​ ​ (x + 2)2 ( x – 2 3/2
_____
​​ ​ 
x+1 )
 ​  ​​ ​ (x + 1)2

x–1
Put ​ _____
​  (
 ​  ​ = t)

x–1
Let ​ _____
​ 
x+1 (
 ​  ​ = t )
x+2
(x + 1) ◊ 1 – (x – 1) ◊ 1
(x + 2) ◊ 1 – (x – 1) ◊ 1 fi ​ ___________________
     ​ dx
   = dt
fi ​ __________________
     ​ dx
   = dt (x + 1)2
(x + 2)2
2
3 fi ​ _______2  ​dx = dt
fi ​ _______2 ​ dx = dt (x + 1)
(x + 2)
dx dt
dx dt fi ​ _______2  ​= __
​   ​
fi ​ _______2  ​= __
​   ​ (x + 1) 2
(x + 2) 3
 Indefinite Integrals 1.119
1 t dt

1 dt
​   ​ Ú ​ ___
= __  ​ ​   ​ Ú ​ ________
= ___
2 t3/2 10 2 __
( 3
)
​ t – ​   ​  ​ t
5
1
 ​ ​   ​ Ú t– 3/2 dt
= __ 1 dt
2  ​ ​   ​ Ú ​ _______
= __  ​
2 (t2 – 3)
1
= – ​ ___ ​ + c

| |
__
​ t​
÷ 1 t–÷​ 3 ​
= ____
​  __ ​  log ​ ​ ______
__ ​  ​ + c
1 4 ​÷3 ​ t + ​÷3 ​
= – ​ ________
_______  ​+ c
_______

÷( )
x –1
​ ​ _____
​   ​ ​  ​ where t = ÷
​ 5x4 + 3  ​
x+1
_____ 5
dx x
Ú ​ _________
_______  ​ = Ú ​ __________
÷x – 1
x+1 126.     ​dx
_______
= – ​ ​ _____  ​ ​+ c
x ​÷2 – 5x  ​
6
x  ​÷2 – 5x  ​
6 6

dx 2
x_______
dx Put (2 – 5x6) = t2
124. We have, Ú ​ _________
_______ ​ = Ú ​ __________  
x÷ 3
​ 3x + 4 ​ x  ​÷3x3 + 4 ​
3
fi – 30x5 dx = 2t dt
t dt
 ​ Let x3 = t fi x5 dx = –  ​ ___
15
fi 3x2 dx = dt 1 t dt
 ​ = – ​ ___ ​ Ú ​ _______

1 dt
​   ​ Ú ​ ________
= __ ______
3 t ​÷3t + 4 ​
( )
15 2_____ – t2
​ ​   ​  ​ t
5
1
 ​ ​   ​ Ú dt (t2 – 2)
= __
 ​ Again let 3t + 4 = v2 3

| |
__
1 t – ​÷2 ​
fi 3 dt = 2v dv = __
​   ​ log ​______
​  __ ​  ​ + c
3 t + ​÷2 ​

| |
_______

( )
__
v2 – 4 ÷​ 2 – 5x6  ​–  
Also, t = ​ ______
​   ​  ​ 1
= __
​   ​ log ​_____________
​  _______   
​÷2 ​
__ ​  ​ + c
3 3 ​÷2 – 5x6  ​+ ​÷2 ​
2 v dv
= ​ __ ​ Ú ​ _________ ​ dx
127. Ú ​ ________
( )
9 v_____ 2 ______
–4 x÷ ​ 3x – 2 ​
​ ​   ​  ​ ◊ v
3
 ​ Let 3x – 2 = t2
2 dv
= ​ __ ​ Ú ​ _______ fi 3 dx = 2t dt
3 (v2 – 4)
2 t dt
​   ​ Ú ​ ________ ​
 ​
2 1
= __
​   ​ × __
3 2 | |
v–2
​   ​log ​ _____
​ 
v+2
 ​  ​ + c
= __
( )
3 _____ 2
t +2
​ ​   ​  ​ t
3

| |
______
1 ÷
​ 3t + 4  ​– 2
= __
​   ​ log ​  ​ ___________
______   
   ​  ​ + c
dt
= 2 Ú ​ ______  ​
3 ​÷3t + 4  ​+ 2 2
t +2

| |
_______

( )
__

1
= __
÷​ _______
3x3 + 4  ​– 2
​   ​ log ​   ​ ____________
  
   ​  ​ + c ​ 2 ​ tan– 1 ​ ___
=÷
t
​  __ ​  ​ + c
3 ​÷3x3 + 4  ​+ 2 ÷
​ 2 ​
_____

125.
dx
Ú  ​ _________ x
_______ ​ = Ú  ​ __________
3
    ​dx
_______

__
(÷3x – 2
​ 2 ​ tan– 1 ​ ​ ​ ______
=÷
2 )
 ​ ​  ​ + c
x ​÷5x + 3 ​
4 4
x  ​÷5x + 3    ​
4
8
dx x
128. Ú ​ _________
_______ ​ = Ú ​ __________
    ​dx
_______
Let 5x4 + 3 = t2 x ​÷3x – 2 ​
9
x  ​÷3x – 2  ​
9 9

Let 3x9 – 2 = t2
fi 20x3 dx = 2t dt
fi 27x9 dx = 2t dt
t dt
fi x dx = ___
3
​  2t dt
10 fi x8 dx = ____
​ 
27
1.120 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

2 t dt dx dx
 ​ ​   ​ Ú ​ _______ ​
= ___ 131. Ú ​ __________
   ​ = Ú ​ ___________
c    ​
27 _____
( )
t2 + 2
​ ​   ​  ​ t
3
(c + dx2)3/2 3 __
(
3/2
)
x  ​ d + ​  2 ​  ​
x

2 dt
​   ​ Ú ​ ______
= __
9 (t2 + 2)

(
Let ​ d + __
c
)
​  2 ​  ​ = t2
x
__ 2c
– ​ ___3 ​ dx = 2t dt
 ​
÷
​ 2 ​
= ___
​   ​ tan– 1 ​ ___
9
t
( )
​  __ ​  ​ + c
​÷2 ​
fi
x
dx t dt
______ fi ​ ___3 ​ = – ​ ___
(÷ )
__ c ​
÷
​ 2 ​ 3x9 – 2 x
= ___
​   ​ tan– 1 ​ ​ ​ ______
 ​ ​  ​ + c
9 2 1 ___ t dt
c ​Ú  ​  t3
= – ​ __
9
dx x
129. Ú ​ __________
    ​ = Ú ​ ___________
_______     ​dx
_______ 1 __ dt
x ​÷2x x  ​÷2x  ​ c ​Ú ​ t2
= – ​ __
10 10 10
– 3  ​ – 3  ​
1 1
Let 2x10 – 3 = t2  ​ = __
​ c ​ × __
​  ​ + c
t
fi 10x9 dx = 2t dt 1 1
= __
​ c ​ × _________
​  ________  ​ + c

÷( )
c
t dt ​  ​ d + __
​  2 ​  ​ ​
fi x9 dx = ___
​  x
5
132. Do yourself
1 t dt
 ​ ​   ​ Ú ​ _______ ​
= __ 133. Do yourself
5 _____
( ) 2
t +3
​ ​   ​  ​ t
10 134. Ú ​ (2 x dx
_________ x dx
    ​ = Ú ​ __________
dx
    ​ = Ú ​ ___________
  
= 2 Ú ​ ______
dt
(t2 + 3)
– 5x4)3/2 6 _____
( )
2 3/2
x  ​​ ​  4  ​  ​​ ​
x –5
2
5 __ 3/2
( )
x  ​​ ​  4 ​ – 5 ​​ ​
x

 ​
2
= ___
​  __ ​ tan– 1 ​ ___
÷
​ 3 ​ ( )
t
​  __ ​  ​ + c
​÷3 ​
 ​ Let ​ __
x
2
(
​  4 ​ – 5 ​ = t2
)
8
_______
– ​ __5 ​ dx = 2t dt
 ​( ​  ​ ________ )​ + c
fi
÷ 2x 3 ​ ​ 
10
2 –3
= ___
​  __ ​ tan– 1 x
÷
​ 3 ​ dx t dt
fi ​ ___5 ​ = – ​ ___ ​
dx 4
130. Ú  ​ __________
  
(2 + 3x2)3/2
x
1 t dt
= – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ___
1 4 t3
 ​ Let x = __
​  ​
t
1 1 dt
fi dx = – ​ __2 ​ dt  ​ = – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ __2
t 4 t
t dt
= – Ú ​ _________  ​
1
= __
​  ​ + c
(2t + 3)3/2
2
4t
_______
 ​ Again let (2t2 + 3) = v2
÷( )
1 2
= __
​   ​ ​ ​ __
​   ​ – 5 ​ ​ + c
fi 2t dt = v dv 4 x4

1 v dv
= – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ____ dx dx

2 v3 135. Ú x2 ​ (1_________
    ​ = Ú ​ ___________
    ​

 ​
1 dv
= – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ___2
– 4x6)3/2 1
7 __
(
3/2
)
x  ​​ ​  6 ​ – 4 ​​ ​
x
2 v
 ​
1
= ___
​  ​ + c
2v
Let ​ __
x (
1
)
​  6 ​ – 4 ​ = t2

6
_________ 1
= ​  _______  ​+ c fi – ​ __7 ​ dx = 2t dt
2 ​÷2t2 + 3  ​ x
x dx t dt
= _________
​  _______     ​+ c fi ​ ___7 ​ = – ​ ___ ​
2 ​÷2 + 3x2  ​ x 3
 Indefinite Integrals 1.121

1 t dt
= – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ___
3 t3
 ​
3 (
1 (1 ______ + 3t2) –1
= – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ​ __________   ​  ​ dt
÷​ 1 + 3t2  ​ )
1 dt
( )
________
 ​ = – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ __2 1 1
3 t = – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ​÷(1 + 3t2)  ​– ________
​  ______  ​  ​ dt
3 ÷​ 1 + 3t2  ​
1
 ​ = __
​  ​ + c ____________
3t
÷( ( ) )
__ 1 2 1__ ___________dt
______ = – ​÷3 ​ Ú ​ ​ t2 + ​​ ___ ​​ ​  ​  ​dt + ​ ____
​  __ ​     ​  Ú ​  _________  

÷ ÷ ( )
1 1 ÷
​ 3 ​ 3​÷3 ​ 2 1__ 2
= __
​   ​ ​ __
​   ​ – 4  ​+ c ___
​ t + ​​ ​     ​  ​​ ​ ​
3 x6 ÷
​ 3 ​
136. We have, ______ _____

(÷ | |)
__ t2
÷
1 1 1
 ​ = – ​÷3 ​ ​ __
​   ​ ​ t2 + __
​   ​  ​+ __
​   ​ log ​ t + ​ t2 + __
​   ​ ​  ​  ​
dx 2 3 6 3
Ú ​ __________________
     
__________  ​ _____
(x – 2) ​÷x – 4x +
| |
2 2
7  ​
÷
   1 1
+ ____
​  __ ​ log ​ t + ​ t2 + __
​   ​ ​  ​ + c
dx 3​÷3 ​ 3
= Ú ​ __________________
       ​
__________
(x – 2) ​÷(x – 2)2   
2
+ 3  ​ 1
where t = ​ ______  ​
1 (x + 1)
Put x – 2 = __ ​  ​
t dx
1
138. Ú ​ _____________________
     
_____________  ​
fi dx = – ​ __2 ​ dt (x – 2) ​÷4x – 16x   
3 2
+ 20  ​
t
1 dx
Thus, the given integral reduces to ​   ​ Ú ​ __________________
= __        ​
__________
2 (x – 2)3​÷x2 – 4x +   5  ​
1
– ​ __2 ​
1 dx
Ú ​ ________
t t
______  ​dt = – Ú ​ ________
______  ​dt = ​ __ ​ Ú ​ __________________
       ​
__________
2 (x – 2)3 ​ (x – 2)2   
÷
÷
1 1
__ ÷​ 1 + 3t2  ​ + 1  ​
​  2 ​​ __
​  2 ​ + 3  ​
t t 1
Let (x – 2) = __
​  ​
t
Again, let 1 + 3t2 = v2
1
fi 3t dt = v dv fi dx = – ​ __2 ​ dt
t
v dv dt
Now, the integral is – Ú ​ ____
v
__
​  2 ​ 
t______
= – Ú ​ __________   
 ​

= – Ú dv
= –v + c
​ __
( )÷
1 1
​  3 ​  ​​ __
t t
​  2 ​ + 1  ​

_______ t2
= ​÷1 + 3t2  ​+ c  ​ = – Ú ​ _______
_____  ​dt
__________
÷​ t2 + 1  ​

÷ ( )
3
= ​ 1 + _______
​    2  ​ ​+ c (t2 + 1) – 1
(x – 2) = – Ú ​ ​ __________  
______  ​  ​ dt
÷​ t2 + 1 ​
dx dx
Ú ​ __________________
    ​ = Ú ​ ___________________
( )
_____
137.   
__________      
___________  ​ 1
(x + 1) ​÷x + 2x +
3 2
  4 ​ 3
(x + 1) ​÷(x + 1)   
2
+ 3 ​ = – Ú ​ ​÷t2 + 1 ​ – ______
​  _____  ​  ​ dt
÷​ t + 1 ​
2
_____ _____
Let
1
(x + 1) = __
​  ​
t [
2​
t 2
= – ​ ​ __ ​ ÷
​​ t + 1 ​ + log ​ t + ÷ |
​ t2 + 1 ​  ​ |
_____
fi
1
dx = – ​ __2 ​ dt – log ​​ ​ t + ÷ |
​ t2 + 1 ​  ​  ​ + c |]
t 1
1
__ where t = ______
​   ​
​  2  ​ dt (x – 2)
t_____
= – Ú ​ _________ dx
Ú ​ _________________________
÷
__1 __ 1 139.       
_____________  ​
​  3 ​ ​ ​  2 ​ + 3
t t (x – 6x + 9) ​÷4x – 24x   
2 2
+ 20 ​

t2 dt 1 dx
 ​ = – Ú ​ ________
______ = ​ __ ​ Ú ​ _________________
     
__________
÷​ 1 + 3t2  ​ 2 (x – 3)2 ​÷x2 – 6x +   5  ​
 ​
1.122 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

1 dx
 ​ ​   ​ Ú ​ ___________________
= __        ​
___________
1
= – ​ ___ ​ Ú dv
2 (x – 3)2 ​ (x – 3)2   
÷ – 4 ​ 12
v
Let (x – 3) = __
1
​  ​ = – ​ ___ ​ + c
t 12
_______
dt ÷​ 6t2 + ​
fi dx = __​  2 ​ = – ​ _______
1 ​
+c
t 12
dt
__ ____________
​  2 ​
÷
6
t______ ​ ________
​   ​+ 1  ​
= –Ú ​ ___________
  
   (2x + 1)2
1
( )÷
__ 3 1
__
​​ ​  ​  ​​ ​ ​ ​  2 ​ – 4 ​
t t
_____________
= ​ 
12
 ​   + c

t2 dx dx
 ​ = – Ú ​ _______
______  ​dt 141. Ú ​ ___________________
    ​ = Ú ​ __________________
  
__________      
__________  ​
÷​ 1 – 4t2  ​ (x + 1) ​÷x + 2x   
3 2
– 4 ​ 3 2
(x + 1) ​÷(x + 1)   
– 5   ​

( )
1

1 1
​   ​ Ú ​ (1 – 4t2) – _______
= __ ​  ______  ​  ​ dt Let (x + 1) = __ ​  ​
4 t
÷​ 1 – 4t2 ​
1
fi dx = – ​ __2 ​ dt
Ú(÷ )
______
1 1 t
= __
​   ​   ​ ​ 1 – 4t2  ​– _______
​  ______  ​  ​ dt dt
4 __
÷​ 1 – 4t2 ​ ​  2 ​
t______
________ = – Ú ​ ___________   

÷( ) ( )÷
1 1 2 1 ________ dt 1 3 1
= ​ __ ​ Ú​ ​​ __ ​   ​ Ú ​ _________
​   ​  ​​ ​ – t2  ​dt – __  ​ ​​ ​ __​  ​​ ​ ​ ​ __2 ​ – 5  ​

÷( )
2 2 4 1 2 t t
__ 2
​ ​​ ​   ​  ​​ ​ – t  ​
2
t2 dt
_____ = – Ú ​ ________
[÷ ]
 ​ ______
1 t __ 1 1 1
= __
​   ​ ​ __
​   ​  ​ ​   ​ – t2  ​+ __
​   ​ sin– 1 (2t) ​ + __
​   ​ sin– 1 (2t) + c ÷​ 1 – 5t2
2 2 4 8 4
1
where t = ______
​ 
(x – 3)
 ​
 ​ 5 (
1 1 –______
​ 
5t2) – 1
​   ​Ú ​ ___________
= __    ​  ​ dt
​÷1 – 5t2 ​ )
( )
______
dx ___________
 ​ 140. Ú ​ ________________________
       ​
1 1
​   ​ Ú ​ ​÷1 – 5t2  ​– _______
= __ ​  ______  ​  ​ dt
(4x + 4x + 1)​÷4x + 4x   
2 2
+ 7 ​ 5 ÷​ 1 – 5t2 ​
_________

÷( )
dx __
= Ú ​ ____________________
       ​
___________ =÷
1 2
​ 5 ​ Ú ​ ​​ ___
1 dt
​  __ ​ Ú ​ __________
​  __ ​  ​​ ​ – t2  ​dt – ____ _________     ​

÷( )
(2x + 1) ​÷(2x + 1)2   
2
+ 6  ​ ​÷5 ​ 5​÷5 ​ ___ 1__ 2
​ ​​ ​   ​  ​​ ​ – t2  ​
1 ​÷5 ​
Let (2x + 1) = __ ​  ​ __

fi
dt
___
dx = – ​  2 ​
2t
t

__ t 1
[÷
= ​÷5 ​ ​ __
​   ​ ​ __
2 5
1
​   ​ ​ – t2 + ___
__
​   ​ sin– 1 (t ​÷5 ​) ​
10 ]
1__ __
dt
___
​  2 ​ – ​ ____  ​ (sin– 1 t ​÷5 ​) + c
2t_____ 5​÷5 ​
= – Ú ​ ___________   
( )÷
1 __
__ 2 1
​​ ​  ​  ​​ ​ ​ ​  2 ​ + 6
t t
1
where t = ______
​ 
(x + 1)
 ​

1 _______ t dt
= – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ________ (2x + 3)
 ​
2 ÷
 ​
​ 6t2 + 1  ​
142. Ú ​ __________________
       ​dx
__________
 ​ (3x + 4)​÷x + 2x   
2
+ 4  ​
2 2
Again, let 6t + 1 = v Let 2x + 3 = A (3x + 4 ) + B
fi 12t dt = 2v dv Comparing the co-efficients of x and the constant
1 term, we get
fi t dt = __
​   ​v dv
6
fi A = 2/3, B = 1/3
1 v dv
= – ​ ___ ​ Ú ​ ____ ​
12 v
 Indefinite Integrals 1.123
__________
Thus, the given integral is reduces to
|
= 2 log ​ (x + 1) + ÷
​ x2 + 2x   
+ 9 ​  ​ |
2 1 ______

| |
__
​   ​ (3x + 4) + __
​   ​
÷
1__ 1
​ 
3
____________________
   
  
3
____________  ​ – ​ ____  ​ log ​ t + ​ t2 + __
​   ​ ​  ​ + c
2​÷2 ​ 8
(3x + 4)​÷x + 2x +   
2
4 dx ​
1
where t = ______
​   ​
2 __________ dx 1 dx (x + 1)
​   ​ Ú ​ ___________
= __ ​   ​ Ú ​ __________________
    ​+ __        ​
__________
3 ​÷x2 + 2x    + 4  ​ 3 (3x + 4)​÷x2 + 2x   
+ 4  ​ (4x + 7)
2 __________ dx 1 dx
144. Ú ​ _________________
       ​dx
__________
​   ​ Ú ​ ____________
= __ ​   ​ Ú ​ __________________
    ​+ __         ​
__________ (x + 2)​÷x + 4x +
2
  7  ​
3 ​ (x + 1)2    3
÷ + 3  ​ (3x + ÷ + 1)2   
4)​ (x + 3  ​
4 (x + 2) – 1
__________ = Ú ​  __________________
       ​dx
___________

2
= __
3 |
​   ​ log ​ (x + 1) + ÷
​ x2 + 2x    + 4 ​  ​ | (x + 2)​÷(x + 2)2   
+ 3  ​
dx dx

3 dt
___ ​ Ú ​ ____________
+ – ​ ____     ​,
___________ = 4 Ú ​ ____________    ​– Ú ​ _________________
___________        ​
___________
​ 28 ​ ​÷28t2 – 2t   
÷ + 1 ​ ​÷(x + 2)   
2
+ 3  ​ (x + 2)​÷(x + 2)2   
+ 3  ​
__________
where 3x + 4 = 1/t
|
= 4 log ​ (x + 2) + ÷
​ x2 + 3x +  
7 ​  ​ |
dt dt
fi 3dx = __
​  2 ​ __
​  2 ​
t t 1
– Ú ​ ________________     ​, Let (x + 2) = __
​  ​
( )÷
__________ t
1 1

2
|
= ​ __ ​ log ​ (x + 1) +
3
÷​ x2 + 2x +  4 ​  ​ | ​ __
​  ​  ​​ __
t t
​  2 ​ + 3  ​

dt
___________
fi dx = __
|( |
​  2 ​

÷
3
+ – ​ ____
​ 28 ​ 28
1
___ ​ log ​ ​ t – ___ ) ÷ t
​   ​  ​ + ​ t2 – ___
​   ​ +  
14 28
1
___
​   ​ ​  ​ + c t
__________

1 |
= 4 log ​ (x + 2) + ÷
​ x2 + 3x +  
dt
7 ​  ​ – Ú ​ _______
______  ​
÷​ 3t2 + 1 ​
|
where t = ______
​ 
3x + 4 __________
(2x + 3) |
= 4 log ​ (x + 2) + ÷
​ x2 + 3x +
  
1__ ___________
7 ​  ​ – ​ ___
dt
|
 ​ Ú ​  _________     ​

÷ ( )
 ​ 143. Ú ​ _________________
       ​dx
__________ ÷
​ 3 ​ 2 1 2
​ t + ​​ ___
​  __  
 ​  ​​ ​  ​
(x + 1)​÷x2 + 2x   
+ 9  ​ __________ ÷
​ 3 ​

2 (x + 1) + 1
|
= 4 log ​ (x + 2) + ÷
​ x2 + 3x +
  7 ​  ​ |
= Ú ​  _________________
       ​dx
___________ ______
(x + 1)​÷(x + 1)2   

dx
+ 8 ​

dx

÷
1__
– ​ ___
​ 3 ​ | ÷
1
 ​ log ​ t + ​ t2 + __
|
​   ​ ​  ​ + c
3

= 2 Ú ​ ____________
    ​+ Ú ​ _________________
__________        ​
__________ ​ 
1
where t = ______
​÷(x + 1)   
2
+ 8  ​ (x + 1)​÷(x + 1)2   
+ 8  ​ (x + 2)
2
__________ x + __________
4x + 2
|
= 2 log ​ (x + 1) + ÷​ x2 + 2x   
+9 | ​ ​  ​ 145. Ú ​  _________________
      ​dx
(x + 1)​÷x + 2x   
2
+ 3  ​
dt
__
​  2 ​ Put x2 + 4x + 2
t_____ 1
– Ú ​ _________    , ​ Let (x + 1) = __ ​  ​
1 1
​ __
​  ​  ​​ __
t t2 ( )÷
​   ​ + 8 ​
t

= l (x + 1) (2x + 2) + m (x + 1) + n
= l (2x2 + 4x + 2) + m (x + 1) + n
dt
dx = – ​ __2 ​ = 2 l x2 + (4l + m) x + (2l + m + n)
t
__________
Comparing the coefficients of the like terms of both
|
= 2 log ​ (x + 1) + |
÷​ x2 + 2x +  9 ​  ​ – dt
Ú ​ _______
______  ​
÷​ 8t2 + 1 ​
the sides, we get
L = 1/2, M = 2, N = – 1.
__________ Thus, the given integral reduces to
|
= 2 log ​ (x + 1) + | 2​÷2 ​Ú ​ ____________
1__
÷​ x2 + 2x +  9 ​  ​ ​ ____  ​ 
dt
    ​
__________

÷ ( )
1
____ 2 (x + 1) (2x + 2)
1 _________________
​ t2 + ​​ ​  __
    ​  ​​ ​  ​ ​ __ ​ Ú ​        ​dx
__________
2​÷2 ​ 2 (x + 1)​÷x2 + 2x    + 2  ​
1.124 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster
(x + 1) __ __
+ 2 Ú ​ _________________
       ​dx
__________ = Ú 3​÷ x ​(1 + 3​÷x ​ + 3x + x3/2) dx
(x + 1)​÷x2 + 2x   
+ 2 ​ 

dx = Ú (x1/3 + 3x5/6 + 3x4/3 + x11/6) dx

– Ú ​ _________________
       ​
__________
(x + 1)​÷x2 + 2x + 2 ​
( )
  
3 18 9 6
= ​ __ ​   ​ x4/3 + ___
​   ​ x11/6 + __
​   ​ x7/3 + ___
​   ​ x17/6 ​ + c
4 11 7 17
1 (2x + 2) dx dx
​   ​ Ú ​ ___________
= __     ​+ 2 Ú ​ ___________
  
__________   
_________ ___
2 ​÷x2 + 2x    + 2  ​ ÷​ x + 2x   
2
+ 2 ​ 149. Ú  3÷
​ x2  ​(3 + x– 2/3)– 2 dx
dx
 ​ – Ú ​ _________________
       ​ Here, a = – 2 fi a negative integer
__________
(x + 1)​÷x2 + 2x   
+ 2 ​
__________
Let x = t3
=÷
​ x2 + 2x   
+ 2  ​ fi dx = 3t2 dt.
__________
|
+ 2 log ​ (x + 1) + ÷​ x2 + 2x +  2 ​  ​| = Ú  t2 (3 + t– 2)– 2 ◊ 3t2 dt
– sec– 1 (x + 1) + c t4
= 3 Ú ​ ________  ​dt
2 (3 + t– 2)2
x + __________
5x + 6
146. Ú ​  _________________
      ​dx dt
= 3 Ú ​ _________2
(x + 2)​÷x + 5x   
2
+ 4  ​

1 1
(
​​ 3t + __
2 1
​   ​  ​​ ​
3 )
 ​ __ ​ (x + 2) (2x + 5) + __
​   ​ (x + 2)
2 2 1 dt
= Ú ​ 
________________________
   
   
__________  ​dx  ​ = ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ________2
(x + 2)​÷(x + 2)   
2
+ 1  ​ 3 2 __
( 1
)
​​ t + ​   ​  ​​ ​
3
1 (2x + 5) dx 1 __________ dx
​   ​ Ú ​ ___________
= __   
__________ ​   ​ Ú ​ ___________
    ​+ __    dx
 ​ Now, I = Ú ​ _______
2 ​÷x2 + 2x +   5  ​ 2 ​÷(x + 2)2   
+1 x2 + 1/3
__________ _________
– 2x ◊ x
 ​
 ​
1
+ 5  ​+ __
= ​÷x2 + 2x   
2 |
​   ​ log ​ (x + 2) + ÷
​ x2 + 4x   
+ 5 ​  ​ + c | ​  2
1
 ​ = _________
(x + 1/3)
 ​◊ x – Ú  ​ _________
(x2 + 1/3)2
 ​dx

x2 +__________
10x + 6 1 (x2 + 1.3) – 1/3
147. Ú ​  _________________
     ​  dx = _________
​  2  ​◊ x + 2 Ú ​ _______________
  
   ​ dx
(x + 2)​÷x + 4x +
2
  9 ​ (x + 1/3) (x2 + 1/3)2

( )
x dx 2 dx
__1
​   ​ (x + 2) (2x + 4) + 6 (x + 2) – 10 = ________
​  2  ​ + 2 Ú ​ _________ ​   ​ Ú ​ _________
 ​– __     ​+ c
2 (x + 1/3) (x2 + 1/3) 3 (x2 + 1/3)2
= Ú ​ ​ _____________________________
        
____________  ​  ​ dx
(x + 2)​÷x2 + 4x +  10)  ​ x 2 dx
= _________
​  2 ​   ​ Ú ​ _________
 ​+ 6 tan– 1 (3x) – __     ​+ c
(x + 1/3) 3 (x2 + 1/3)2
(2x + 4)
1 ___________ dx
​   ​ Ú ​ ____________
= __       ​dx + 6 Ú ​ ____________
    ​
___________ x 2
2 ​÷x2 + 4x +   10  ​ ÷​ x + 4x +  
2
10  ​ = _________
​  2  ​+ 6 tan– 1 (3x) – __
​   ​ I + c
(x + 1/3) 3

​  10 dx     ​
– Ú _________________
   5 x
__________
fi __
​   ​ I = _________
​  2  ​+ 6 tan– 1 (3x) + c
(x + 2)​÷(x + 2)2   
+ 6 ​ 3 (x + 1/3)
___________ ___________
= ÷ 10  ​+ 6 log ​ (x + 2) + ÷
​ x2 + 4x +   |
​ x2 + 4x +  
10  ​  ​ | ​  2
3x
fi I = __________
5 (x + 1/3)
18
    ​+ ___
​   ​ tan– 1 (3x) + c
5

| |
______ __

( )
_______
1__  ​÷t2 + 6  ​– ​÷6 ​ __
–  ​ ____  ​ log ​ ​ ____________
______       __ ​  ​ + c ÷​ 1 + __4​÷ ​ 
x ​ ​
2 ​÷6 ​ ​÷t2 + 6  ​+ ÷
​ 6 ​ 150. Ú ​ ​ ________ ​ dx
÷​ x  ​
3 4

where t = (x + 2)
3 1
148. We have, b + 1 – ​ __ ​ + 1 ​ __ ​
4 4
Here, _____
​   ​ = ​  _______  ​ = ​ __ ​ = 1
__ __ g 1 1
Ú 3​÷x ​(1 + ÷​ x ​)3 dx __
​   ​
4
__
​   ​
4
 Indefinite Integrals 1.125
1
​ __ ​ t dt
Let (1 + x​ ​4 ​) = t2  ​ = 4 Ú ​ _______
(t + 1)10
1 – __​ 3 ​
fi ​ __ ​ ​x​ 4 ​ = 2t dt

Thus, Ú x– 3/4 (1 + x1/4)1/2 dx

4
​ 
(
(t + 1) – 1
 ​ = 4 Ú ​ __________  
(t + 1)10
 ​  ​ dt
)
= 8 Ú t dt 2
​ 
1
= 4 Ú ​ _______
( ​ 
1
 ​– _______
(t + 1)9 (t + 1)10
 ​  ​ dt
)

8t3
= ​ ___ ​ + c
3
​ 
9
(
= 4 ​ _______ ​ 
8
 ​– _______
(t + 1)9 (t + 1)8
 ​  ​ + c
)

8
= __ ( 1 3/2
__
​   ​
)
​   ​ ​​ 1 + x​ ​4 ​  ​​ ​ + c
3
​  1/4
(
(x + 1)
9
= 4 ​ _________9
​  1/4
8
 ​– _________
(x + 1)8
 ​  ​ + c
)
151.
dx
Ú ​ _________
  
______
153. Ú x– 1/2 (2 + 3x1/3)– 2 dx
x ​÷1 + x  ​
72 4
Here, a = Р2 ΠI
b+1 –7 + 1 1
 ​ Here, _____
​   ​ + p =​  _______
 ​ – ​ __ ​ Let x = t6
g 4 2
–3 1 fi dx = 6t5 dt
= ___
​   ​ – __
​   ​ = – 2 = Integer.
2 2
6t5
= Ú ​ _________  ​ dt
Let 1 + x4 = x4 t2 t (2 + 3t2)
2

fi
x4 (1 – t2) = 1
1
x4 = ______
​ 
(2 + 3t2) – 2
= 2 Ú ​ ​ __________
  
(2 + 3t2) (
 ​  ​ dt
)
(1 – t2)

x÷ 7
dx
 ​ Thus, Ú ​ _________
______
​ 1 + x4 ​
2
= 2 Ú ​ 1 – ________
​ 
(2 + 3t2) (
 ​  ​dt
)
4 dt
1
__ t
​   ​ ​ _______ = 2 Ú dt – __
​   ​ Ú ​ ___________  ​

(÷ )
 ​ 3 2
2 (t2 – 1)2 2 2
t + ​​ ​ __
​   ​ ​  ​​ ​
 ​ = Ú ​ 
_________ ​ dt 3
( ) 1 3
​​ _____
​   ​  ​​ ​ 
t __ __
1 – t2
÷ (÷ )
4 3 3
= 2t – __
​   ​ × ​ __
​   ​ ​ tan– 1 ​ ​ __
​   ​ ​t ​ + c
3 2 2
1
​   ​ Ú (1 – t2) dt
= __ __ __
2 2​÷2 ​
= 2 (x1/6) – ____
3
​  __ ​ tan– 1 ​ ​ __ (÷ )
​   ​ ​x1/6 ​ + c

1
= __ ( ) t3
​   ​ ​ t – __
2
​   ​  ​ + c
3
÷
​ 3 ​
_________
__
2

______ 154. Ú 3 __
​ x ​ × 7​
÷ ÷(​ 1 + 3​÷x4 ​ )​ ​ dx

1 1+x
= __
2 (÷
​   ​ ​ ​ ​ _____
x4
4
 ​ ​ – __
3 ( ))
1 1+x
​   ​ ​​ ​ _____
x4
4 3/2
 ​  ​​ ​  ​ + c
b_____
+1
1
__
​   ​ + 1
3
Here, ​   ​ = ​  _____  ​ = 1 Œ I
g 4
__
dx
152. Ú ​ ____________
__ 4 __   
​÷x ​( ​÷x ​ + 1)10
 ​ = Ú x– 1/2 (1 + x1/4)– 10 dx ​   ​
3
Let (1 + x4/3) = t7
Here, a = Р10 ΠI
4
fi ​ __ ​ x1/3 dx = 7t6 dt
Let x = t4 3
21
fi dx = 4t3 dt fi x1/3 dx = ​ ___ ​ t6 dt
4
4t3 dt 21
​   ​ Ú (t6 ◊ t) dt
= ___
= Ú ​ _________
t (1 + t)10
2 4
1.126 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster
1
21 t8 fi x4 = ______
​  2
= ___
​   ​ × __
​   ​ + c (t – 1)
4 8
4/3 8/7 2t
21 (1 + x ) fi 4x3 dx = – ​ _______
= ___
​   ​ × __________
​   ​   + c  ​  ​dt
4 8 (t2 – 1)2
t dt
155. Ú x– 6 (1 + 2x3)2/3 dx fi x3 dx = – ​ ________  ​
2 (t – 1)2
2

b +1 – 6 + 1 __ 2
Here, ​ _____
 ​ + a = ​ ______
 ​ + ​   ​ = – 1 Œ I dx
= Ú ​ __________
g 3 3   
______
x ÷11 2
​ 1 + x4  ​
Let 1 + 2x3 = x3t3
1
 ​ = – ​ __ ​ Ú (t2 – 1)2 dt
fi x3 (t2 – 2) = 1 2
1 1
fi x3 = ______
​  3 = – ​ __ ​ Ú (t4 – 2t2 + 1) dt
(t – 2) 2

 ​ fi
3t2 dt
3x2 dx = – ​ _______
(t3 – 2)2

2 5 (
1 t5 ___
= – ​ __ ​ ​ __
2t3
)
​   ​ – ​   ​ + t ​ + c
3
______
t2 dt
x2 dx = – ​ _______
÷
 ​ fi 1 + x4
where t = ​ ​ _____
(t3 – 2)2 x4

( )
2 _______
3×​ __ ​ 3 4 __
​(tx)​ 3 ​ ​÷1 + ÷ ​ x ​ ​
 ​ = Ú ​ ______
 ​ dx  ​ ​158. Ú ​ ________
​  __ ​  ​ dx
x6 ÷​ x  ​
4 3

t2x2 dx Let (1 + x1/4) = t3

= Ú ​ ______
x6
1
fi ​ __ ​ x– 3/4 dx = 3t2 dt
4
t2 t2 dt
 ​ = Ú ​ ________  ​ × – ​ _______
( )
dx
​ ______
​  3
1
 ​  ​ (t – 2)2
3
fi ​ ___  ​ = 12t2 dt
t – 2) 2 x3/4
= 12 Ú t × t2 dt
 ​ = – Ú t4 dt
= 12 Ú t3 dt
()
t5
= – ​ __
​   ​  ​ + c
5

t4
= 12 ​ __ ()
​   ​  ​ + c

5 (
1 1 + 2x3 5/3
= – ​ __ ​ ​​ ​ ______
x3 )
 ​  ​​ ​ + c

4
= 3t4 + c

156. Do yourself. = 3 (1 + x1/4)4/3 + c

dx
157. Ú ​ __________
  
_____
159.
dx
Ú ​ ______________
    ​
x ​÷1 + x
11 2 4 _________
(1 + ÷
2
​ x + x + 1 ​)
 ​ = Ú x – 11 4 – 1/2
(1 + x ) dx Here a = 1 > 0, therefore we put the Euler first
 ​ substitution, i.e.
= Ú x– 11 (1 + x4)– 1/2 dx _________
​÷x2 + x + 1  ​= t – x
b+ 1 – 11 + 1 2
Here, ​ _____
 ​ + a = ​ _______
 ​ + ​ __ ​ = – 2 Œ I fi (x2 + x + 1) = (t – x)2
g 4 4

Put (1 + x4) = x4t2 fi (x2 + x + 1) = t2 – 2tx + x2

fi x4 (t2 – 1) = 1 fi (1 + 2t) x = t2 – 1
 Indefinite Integrals 1.127

fi ( )
t2 – 1
x = ​ _____
​ 
2t + 1
 ​  ​
dt
= – 2 Ú ​ _____
t2 – 1

fi
2 (t2 + t + 1
dx = ___________
​    
  
(2t + 1)2
 ​dt  ​
1
= – 2 × __
2 | |t–1
​   ​ log ​ ​ _____  ​  ​ + c
t+1

| |
_________
t–1
Now, 1 = ÷
​ x2 + x + 1  ​= 1 + t – x = log ​ ​ _____  ​  ​ + c
t+1

t2 – 1
= 1 + t – ​ ​ _____  ​ ​
2t + 1 ( ) (
_________
1 + ​÷x2 – x + 1 ​
where, t = ​ ​ _____________
x    ​    ​ )
dx
Thus, Ú ​ 
_______________     ​
_________
(​ 1 + ÷​ x2 + x + 1 ​ )​ 161.
x dx
Ú ​ ____________
  
___________
​÷7x – 10 –   2
x  ​
2(t2 + t + 1)
​ ___________
    ​
(2t + 1)2  ​ Here, 7x – 10 – x2 = – (x2 – 7x + 10)
= Ú ​ ____________  
    ​dt
1 + t – ​ ​ 
t2 – 1
______
2t + 1 (
 ​  ​  ) = – (x – 2) (x – 5)
= (x – 2) (5 – x), so we can apply Euler third
2
2 (t + t + 1) substitution, i.e.
= Ú ​  _________________
2
      ​dt ___________
(t + 3t + 2) (2t + 1)
​÷7x – 10 –  
x2  ​= (x – 2) t

( dt 8 dt
= 2 ​ – 2 Ú ​ ____  ​ + __
t + 1 3 Ú t + 2 3 Ú 2t + 1
4
​   ​   ​ ____  ​ + __
dt
​   ​   ​ _____  ​  ​ ) _____________
fi ​÷– (x – 2) (x  
– 5)  ​= (x – 2) t

– ​ __ ​​( Ú ​ ____  ​ – Ú 2 ​ _____  ​ )​

2 dt dt fi (5 – x) = (x – 2) t2

3 t+2 2t + 1
5 + 2t2
fi x = _______
(
= 2 ​ – 2 log |t + 1| + __
8 2
​   ​ log |t + 2| + __
3
​   ​ log |2t + 1| ​
3 ) ​ 
1 + t2
 ​

6t dt

2
– ​ __ ​ (log |t + 2| – log |2t + 1|) + c fi dx = – ​ _______  ​
3 (t + 1)2
2

_________
where

dx
t = x + ​÷x2 + x + 1  ​ 5 + 2t2
(
Now, (x – 2) t = ​  ​ _______
2
t +1
 ​ – 2 ​ t = _____
​  2
t +1
3t
)
160. Ú ​ _____________
  
_________
dx
x+÷ 2
​ x – + 1 ​  ​ Thus, Ú x​ ____________
  
___________
÷​ 7x – 10 –  
x2  ​
 ​ Here, c = 1 > 0, therefor we put the Euler second
x – 6t
substitution, i.e.  ​ = Ú ​ _______  ​× _______
​   ​dt
_________ (x – 2) t (1 + t2)2
​÷x2 – x + 1  ​= t x – 1
5 + 2t2
fi (x2 – x + 1) = t2x2 – 2t x + 1  ​ _______ 2
 ​
(1 + t ) – 6t
2t – 1 = Ú​  ________  ​× _______
​  ​dt
x =​  ______
2 2
fi  ​ 3t
_______ (1 + t )
​   ​
t2 –1 (1 + t2)
– 2 (t2 – t + 1)
fi dx =​  ____________  
 ​dt 5 + 2t2
t2 – 1)2 = – 2 Ú ​ _______  ​dt
(1 + t2)2
dx
Thus, Ú ​ _____________
  
_________
x+÷ 2 2 (1 + t2) + 3
​ x – x + 1  ​ = – 2 Ú ​ ___________
    ​dt
(1 + t2)2
– 2 (t2 – t + 1)
​  ____________    
 ​ dt dt
= – 4 Ú ​ _______  ​– 6 Ú ​ _______
2 2
(t – 1)  ​
 ​ = Ú ​ _____________   
   ​ 
dt (1 + t2) (1 + t2)2
t2 – t + 1
_________
​  2  ​
(t – 1)
1.128 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

1 t
= – 4 tan– 1 (t) – 6 ​ __
(
​   ​  ​ ______
2 t2 + 1 2
1
 ​+ __
)
​   ​ tan– 1 t ​ + c fi (x – 1) (x – 2) = (x – 1)2 t2

fi (x – 2) = (x – 1) t2
3t
= – 7 tan (t) – ______
–1
​  2  ​+ c
t +1 fi x (1 – t2) = 2 – t2
___________
÷​ 7x – 10 –  
x2  ​
( )
  
where, t = ____________
​   ​ t2 – 2
(x – 2) fi x = ​ ______
​  2  ​ ​
t –1
dx
162. Ú ​ _____________
    ​
_________
(t2 – 1) (2t) – (t2 – 2) 2t
x–÷ 2
​ x – x + 2 ​ fi dx = ​ ____________________
     ​ dt
  
_________ (t2 – 1)2
Put ​÷x2 – x + 2  ​= t + x
2t (t2 – 1 – t2 + 2)
fi dx = ________________
​     ​ dt
  
(t2 – 1)2
fi (x2 – x + 2) = (t + x)2
2t dt
fi dx = _______
​  2  ​
fi (x2 – x + 2) = t2 + 2tx + x2 (t – 1)2
fi (2t + 1) x = 2 – t2 2t dt
_______
​  2  ​
(t – 1)2
( ) = Ú ​  _________________
2 – t2      dt  ​
fi x = ​ ​ _____  ​   ​
2t + 1
( )
t2 – 2
​ _____
​  2
t –1
1
 ​  ​ × – ​ _______
(t2 – 1)
 ​

(2x + 1) (– 2t) – (2 – t2) 2

fi dx = ______________________
​       ​ dt
   2t dt
(2t + 1)2 = – Ú ​ _______
2
 ​
(t – 2)
– 4t2 – 2t + 2t2 – 4
fi dx = _________________
​     ​
   dt
(2t + 1)2 = – log|(t2 –2)| + c
__________
– 2t2 – 2t – 4
fi dx = ​ ____________
  
   ​dt ÷​ x2 – 3x   
+
  
where t = ​ ___________
2 ​
 ​
(2t + 1)2 (x – 1)
dx

1 2t2 + 2t + 4
= Ú ​ __​ × ___________
​      ​ dt
165. Ú ​ __________
  
______  ​
t (2t + 1)2 x + ​÷x – 1  ​
2

______
1 t +t+2 2 (x – ​÷x2 – 1 ​)
= 2 Ú ​ __​ × _________
​   ​dt = Ú ​  ______________________
______      ______  ​dx
t (2t + 1)2 (x + ÷
​ x2 – 1 ​) (x – ÷
​ x2 – 1 ​)

[ ]
______
dt 7 _______ dt 9 dt
= 2 ​ 2 Ú ​ __​ – __
​   ​ Ú ​ 
2 (2t + 1) 2 Ú (2t + 1)2
 ​– __
​   ​  ​ ________  ​  ​ (x – ÷
​ x2 – 1 ​
t = Ú ​ ___________
  
    ​dx
(x2 – x2 + 1)
( 7
= 2 ​ 2 log |t| – __
4
​ 
9
​   ​ log |2t + 1| – ________
4 (2t + 1)
 ​  ​ + c)
______
= Ú (x – ​÷x2 – 1 ​) dx
_________
where t = (​ ​÷x2 – x + 2  ​– x )​
______

163. Do yourself.
(x2 x ​÷x2 – 1 ​ __
= ​ __
​   ​ –​  ________
2 2
1
|
______
|
 ​ – ​   ​ log ​ x + ​÷x2 – 1 ​  ​  ​ + c
2 )
dx ______
164. Ú ​ _____________
  
__________  ​ 166.
x ______
dx
Ú ​ __________
   ​ = Ú x (x – ​÷x2 – 1 ​) dx
x ​÷x – 3x   
2
+ 2  ​
x+÷ 2
​ x – 1 ​
2
Here, x – 3x + 2 = (x – 1) (x – 2) ______
__________ = Ú (x2 – x ​÷x2 – 1 ​) dx
Let ​÷x2 – 3x   
+2  ​= (x – 1) t
________
x3
fi 2
(x – 3x + 2) = (x – 1) t 2 2 ​   ​ – Ú x​÷x2 – 1 dx ​
= __
3
 Indefinite Integrals 1.129

Let x2 – 1 = t2 cos6 x ◊ sin x ___

8
= __________
​   ​    + ​   ​ cos4 x ◊ sin x
9 63
xdx = tdt

x
= __
3
​   ​ – Ú t2 dt

170. We have,
63 (
48 cos2 x ◊ sin x __
+ ​ ___ ​ ​ __________
​ 
5
 ​
4
5 )
   + ​   ​ sin x ​ + c
3
x3 t3 Ú cos8 x dx
= __
​   ​ – __
​   ​ + c
3 3
2 3/2 cos7 x ◊ sin x ___
9
x3 (x – 1) = __________
​   ​
   + ​   ​ I6
= __
​   ​ –​ _________
 ​ + c 10 10
3 3
167. We have, cos7 x ◊ sin x ___
= __________
​ 
10
 ​
10
​  (
9 cos5 x ◊ sin x __
   + ​   ​ ​ __________
8
 ​
7
   + ​   ​ I4 ​
8 )
Ú sin 5
x dx
cos7 x ◊ sin x ___
9 63
= __________
​     + ​   ​ cos5 x ◊ sin x + ___
 ​ ​   ​ I4
10 80 80
cos x sin4 x 4
= – ​ _________
 ​ + ​ __ ​I3 cos7 x ◊ sin x ___
9
5 5 = __________
​     + ​   ​ cos5 x ◊ sin x
 ​
10 80

cos x sin4 x __
= – ​ _________
5 5 (
4 cos x sin2 x __
 ​ – ​   ​ ​ – ​ _________
3
2
 ​ + ​   ​ I1 ​
3 )
80
​ (
63 cos3 x ◊ sin x __
+ ​ ___ ​ ​ __________
6
 ​
5
   + ​   ​ I2 ​
6 )
4
cos x sin x 4 cos7 x ◊ sin x ___
= – ​ _________
 ​ – ​ ___ ​ (cos x sin2 x + 2 cos x) + c = __________
​ 
9
   + ​   ​ cos5 x ◊ sin x
 ​
5 15 10 80
168. We have,
80 (
63 cos3 x ◊ sin x
+ ​ ___ ​ ​ __________
​ 
6
 ​
   +
5
___
)
​   ​ (x + sin x ◊ cos x) ​ + c
12
Ú sin 6
x dx
171. We have,
cos x sin5 x __
5 Ú tan5 x dx
= – ​ _________
 ​ + ​   ​ I4
6 6
cos x sin5 x __
= – ​ _________ (
5 cos x ◊ sin3 x __
 ​ + ​   ​ ​ – ​ __________
 ​
3
   + ​   ​ I2 ​ ) (tan4 x
= ​ _____
​   ​ – I3 ​
4 )
6 6 4 4

= _________
​ 
5
(
5 cos x ◊ sin x __
cos x sin x __
 ​ + ​   ​ ​ – ​ __________
 ​
3 3
   + ​   ​ Ú sin2 x dx ​ ) (tan4 x tan2 x
= ​ _____
​   ​ – ​ _____
4 2
 ​ + I1 ​ )
6 6 4 4
tan4 x tan2 x
cos x sin5 x ___
5 = _____  ​ + Ú tan x dx
​   ​ – ​ _____
= – ​ _________
 ​ – ​   ​ cos x ◊ sin3 x 4 2
6 24
tan4 x tan2 x
3 = _____
​   ​ – ​ _____
 ​ + log |sec x| + c
+ ​ __ ​ (x – sin x cos x) + c 4 2
4
169. We have, 172. We have,

Ú cos7 x dx Ú tan6 x dx

cos6 x ◊ sin x
= __________
​ 
9
 ​    +
8
__
​   ​ I5
9
(tan5 x
= ​ _____
​   ​ – I4 ​
5 )
cos6 x ◊ sin x __
= __________
​ 
9
 ​ (
8 cos4 x ◊ sin x __
   + ​   ​ ​ __________
9
​ 
7
 ​
6
   + ​   ​ I3 ​
7 ) (tan5 x tan3 x
= ​ _____
​   ​ – ​ _____
5 3
 ​ + I2 ​ )
tan5 x tan3 x
= _____
​   ​ – ​ _____ ​ + Ú tan2 x dx
cos6 x ◊ sin x 8 48 5 3
= __________ ___
​   ​ cos4 x ◊ sin x + ___
)
​   ​    + ​   ​ I3
9
6
cos x ◊ sin x ___
8
63 63
(tan5 x tan3 x
= ​ _____  ​ + Ú (sec2 x – 1) dx ​
​   ​ – ​ _____
5 3
= __________
​   ​    + ​   ​ cos4 x ◊ sin x tan5 x tan3 x
9 63 = _____
​   ​ – ​ _____
 ​ + tan x – x + c
5 3

63 (
48 cos2 x ◊ sin x __
+ ​ ___ ​ ​ __________
​ 
5
 ​
4
)
   + ​   ​ I1 ​
5
173. We have,
Ú cot7 x dx.
1.130 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

cot6 x sec5 x ◊ tan x __

5
= – ​ _____
 ​ – I5 + c = __________
​   ​   + ​   ​ I5
6 6 6

cot6 x
= – ​ _____
6 (cot4 x
 ​ – ​ – ​ _____
4 )
 ​ – I3 ​ + c
sec5 x ◊ tan x __
= __________
​ 
6
 ​
6 (
5 sec3 x ◊ tan x __
   + ​   ​ ​ __________
​ 
4
 ​
3
   + ​   ​ I3 ​
4 )
6 4
cot x _____cot x sec5 x ◊ tan x ___
= – ​ _____
 ​ + ​   ​ + I3 + c = __________
​   ​
5 15
   + ​   ​ sec3 x ◊ tan x + ___
​   ​ I3
6 4 6 24 24

cot6 x _____
= – ​ _____
6
cot4 x
4
cot2 x
2 (
 ​ + ​   ​ + ​ – ​ _____
 ​ – I1 ​ + c )
sec5 x ◊ tan x ___
= __________
​ 
6
 ​
5
   + ​   ​ sec3 x ◊ tan x
24
cot6 x _____
cot4 x cot2 x
= – ​ _____
6
 ​ + ​   ​ – ​ _____
4 2
 ​ – I1 + c
24 (
15 sec x ◊ tan x __
+ ​ ___ ​ ​ _________
​ 
2
1
)
 ​ + ​   ​ log |sec x + tan x| ​ + c
2
cot6 x _____
cot4 x cot2 x
= – ​ _____
 ​ + ​   ​ – ​ _____
 ​ – log |sin x| + c 179. We have,
6 4 2
sin 3x
174. We have, Ú ​ _____​dx
sin x
cot5 x
– ​ _____
 ​ – I4 + C
2 sin (3 – 1) x
= ​ ___________
 ​ + I3–2
  
5 (3 – 1)
cot5 x _____
cot3 x
 ​ + ​   ​ + Ú cot2 x dx + c
= – ​ _____ = sin 2x + I1
5 3

cot5 x _____
cot3 x
 ​ + ​   ​ + Ú (cosec2 x – 1) dx + c
= – ​ _____ = sin 2x Ú dx
5 3
= sin 2x + x + c
cot5 x _____
cot3 x
= – ​ _____
 ​ + ​   ​ – cot x – x + c 180. We have,
5 3
175. We have, ​ sin 5x ​ dx
Ú_____
sin x
Ú sec2 x dx 2 sin (5 – 1)x
= ___________
​   ​ + I5–2
  
sec x ◊ tan x __
1 (5 – 1)
= _________
​   ​ + ​   ​ I1
2 2
1
= __
​   ​ sin 4x + I3
sec x ◊ tan x 1 2
= _________
​   ​ + ​ __ ​ log |sec x + tan x| + C
2 2 2 sin (3 – 1)x
1
= __
​   ​ sin 4x + ___________
​   ​ + I1
  
176. We have, 2 (3 – 1)
Ú sec4 x dx
2
= __
​   ​ sin 4x + sin 2x + x + c
2 3
sec x tan x 2
= _________
​   ​ + __
​   ​ I2 181. We have,
3 3
sin 6x

sec2 x tan x __
= _________
​ 
2
 ​ + ​   ​ tan x + c Ú ​ _____​ dx
3 3 sin x
2 sin (6 – 1)x
177. We have, = ___________
​   ​ + I6–2
  
(6 – 1)
Ú sec5 x dx 2
= __
​   ​ sin 5x + I4
3
sec x ◊ tan x __
3 5
= ​ __________
 ​
   + ​   ​ I3
4 4 2 2
= ​ __ ​ sin 5x + __
​   ​ sin 3x + I2
3 5 3
sec x ◊ tan x
= __________
​   ​  
4 2 2
= __
​   ​ sin 5x + __ ​ sin 2x ​ dx
​   ​ sin 3x + Ú _____
5 3 sin x

3
4 ( x 1
+ ​ __ ​ ​ sec x ◊ tan ​ __ ​ + __
2 2 )
​   ​ log |sec x + tan x| ​ + c

2 2
​   ​ sin 3x + 2 Ú cos x dx
= ​ __ ​ sin 5x + __
5 3
178. We have,
2 2
= __
​   ​ sin 5x + __
​   ​ sin 3x + 2 sin x + c
Ú sec7 x dx 5 3
 Indefinite Integrals 1.131
1 1 dx
182. We have,  ​     ​– ​ __ ​ Ú _______________
= – ​ ____________ ​    
2 (x + 3x + 2) 2
[( ) ()]
2
3 2 1 22
​ sin 8x ​
Ú _____ ​ ​​​ x + ​   ​  ​​ ​ – ​​ __
__ ​   ​  ​​ ​​ ​  ​
sin x 2 2

[
2 sin (8 – 1) x
= ___________ ​( x + __ ​   ​ )​
​     ​ + I6 3
(8 – 1) 1
__ 2 1 __________
__ 2
 ​ = – ​   ​ (x + 3x + 2) – ​   ​ ​​      ​ ​
​​( x + ​   ​ )​​ ​– __
2 2 2 2 3
__ 2 1
= __
​   ​ sin 7x + __
​   ​ sin 5x + I4 2
​   ​
4​
7 5

(
​( x + __ ​   ​ )​ – __

)]
2 2 2 3 1
= __
​   ​ sin 7x + __
​   ​ sin 5x + __
​   ​ sin 3x + I2 ​   ​
7 5 3 1
____ 2
___________ 2
+ ​   ​ log​ ​  ​    
   ​  ​  ​ + C
2 ​ (
​ x + ​   ​ )​ + __
2 2 2 1
__ 3
__ 1
= ​ __ ​ sin 7x + __
​   ​ sin 5x + __
​   ​ sin 3x + 2 sin x + c 2 ◊ ​   ​ ​   ​
5 5 3 2 2

​  dx
183. We have Ú _______

[
​( x + __ ​   ​ )​
3
(x2 + 2)2 1 1 2
= – ​ ____________
    ​– __ ​   ​ ​​ ___________     ​ ​
​​( x + ​   ​ )​​ ​ – __
2
2 (x + 3x + 2) 2 3
__ 2 1
 ​ ​ 
x
= _________ (
1 2.2 – 3
    ​ + __
​   ​ ​ _______
2.2 (x2 + 2) 2 2.2 – 2
​  )
 ​ ​ I2–1 2
​   ​
4 ​

​ x + 2 )]
+ log ​ ​( _____
x+1
x 1 ​   ​  ​  ​ + c
= __
​   ​ (x2 + 2) + __ ​  dx  ​
​   ​ Ú _______
4 4 (x2 + 2) 186. We have,

4
x
= __
1
​   ​ (x2 + 2) + ____
x
​  __ ​ tan– 1 ​ ___
4 ​÷2 ​ ( )
​  __ ​  ​ + c
​÷2 ​
Ú x2 log x dx
x3 1
184. We have, = (log x) ◊ ​ __ ​ – __
​   ​ I
3 3 2,0
​  dx
Ú _______ x3 1
(x2 + 3)2 = (log x) ◊ ​ __ ​ – ​   ​ Ú x2 dx
__
3 3
 ​ ​ 
x
= ________________
1 2.3 – 3
    ​+ __
​   ​ ​ _______
​ 
2 (3 – 1) 3 (x2 + 3)2 3 22.3 – 2
(
 ​  ​ I3–1 )
x3 x3
= (log x) ◊ ​ __ ​ – __
​   ​ + C
3 9
x 1
= __________
​      ​+ __
​   ​ I2 187. We have,
12 (x2 + 3)2 4
Ú x2 (log x)2 dx
​ 
x
= __________
1
    ​+ __
(
​ 
x
​   ​  ​ __________
12 (x2 + 3)2 4 2.3 (x2 + 3) 3 2
11
    ​+ __
)
​   ​ ​ __ ​ I1 ​

x3 2
= (log x)2 ​ __ ​ – __
3 3 2,1
​   ​ I
x x
= __________
​      ​+ _________
​ 
12 (x2 + 3)2 24 (x2 + 3)
x3
= (log x)2 ​ __ ​ –
3
2
__
3
( )
​   ​ ​ Ú x2 log x ​ dx

 ​
1
+ _____
24 ​÷2 ​ ( )
x
​  __ ​ tan– 1 ​ ___
​  __ ​  ​ + c
​÷2 ​
x3 2
= (log x)2 ​ __ ​ – __
3 3 ( x3 x3
​   ​ ​ log x) ​ __ ​ – __
3
​   ​  ​ + c
9 )
185. We have,
188. We have,
x + 1     ​dx
Ú ​ ____________ Ú x3 (log x)2 dx
(x2 + 3x + 2)2
x4 2
1 (2x + 2) = (log x)2 ​ __ ​ – __
​   ​ I
​   ​ Ú ​ ____________
= __       ​dx 4 4 3,1
2 (x + 3x + 2)2
2

1 (2x + 1) – 1
= ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ____________
  
    ​dx

x4 1
= (log x)2 ​ __ ​ – __
4 2 ( x4 1
​   ​ ​ (log x) ​ __ ​ – __
4 4 3,0
​   ​ I ​ )
2 (x2 + 3x + 2)2

x4
= (log x)2 ​ __ ​ –
4
1
__
( x4
​   ​ ​ (log x) ​ __ ​ –
2 4
1
__
4 )
​   ​ Ú x3 dx ​
1 (2x + 3) 1 dx   
​   ​ Ú ​ ___________
= __     ​dx – ​ __ ​ Ú ___________

2 (x2 + 3x +2)2
​ 
2 (x2 + 3x + 2)2
x4
= (log)2 ​ __ ​ –
4
1
__
( x4
​   ​ ​ (log x) ​ __ ​ –
2 4
x4
___
)
​   ​  ​ + c
16
1.132 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

189. We have,

Ú x2 (1 – x)3 dx
x3(1 – x)3 __
= ​ ________
6
1 x (1 – x)
3

[ 2
 ​ + ​   ​ ​ _________
2
​ 
5
2 x3 __
 ​ + ​ __ ​ ​ __
5 4 (1
​   ​ + ​   ​ I2,0 ​  ​
4 )]
3
x (1 – x) 3
3
=​  _________  ​ +​ _________  ​ I2,2
(2 + 3 + 1) (2 + 3 + 1)
x3 (1 – x)3 __
= _________
​ 
6
1 x (1 – x)
3

[2
 ​ + ​   ​ ​ _________
2
​ 
5
2 x3 __
5 4 (
1
​   ​ + ​   ​ Ú x2 dx ​  ​
 ​ + ​ __ ​ ​ __
4 )]
x3 (1 – x)3 __
[ )]
1
=​  _________
 ​ + ​   ​ I2,2 x3 (1 – x)3 __
(
3 2
1 x (1 – x) 2 x3 ___ x3
6 2 = _________
​   ​ + ​   ​ ​ _________
​   ​ + ​ __ ​ ​ __
​   ​ + ​   ​  ​  ​ + c
6 2 5 5 4 12
x3 (1 – x)3 __
=​  _________
6
1 x (1 – x)
3
( 2
 ​ + ​   ​ ​ ​  _________
2 5
2
 ​ + ​ __ ​ I2,1 ​
5 ) Note: Q-190 to 197, do yourself.

Hints and solutions

( 1 – 3sin2x cos2x
= Ú ​ ______________
​    ​  ​ dx
  
sin2x cos2x )
1. We have, Ú(sin2x + cos2x – 3sin2x cos2x
=  ​ _______________________
​     
sin2x cos2x
  ​  ​dx )
cos 2x – cos x
Ú ​ ___________
   ​dx
  
1 – cos x = Ú (sec2x + cosec2x – 3)dx
2cos2x – cos x – 1
= Ú ​ _______________
      d​ x = (tan x – cot x – x) + c
1 – cos x
(cos x – 1)(2cos x + 1) 4. We have,
= Ú ​ ___________________
       ​dx
1 – cos x
cos 2x
Ú ​ _________ ​  dx
= – Ú (2cos x + 1) dx cos2x sin2x

= – (2sin x + x) + c cos2x – sin2x

= Ú  ​ ___________
  ​dx
  
2. We have, cos2x sin2x

cos 5x + cos 4x = Ú (cosec2x – sec2x)dx

Ú ​ _____________
   d​ x
  
1 – 2 cos 3x
= – (cot x + tan x) + c
sin3x (cos 5x + cos 4x)
= Ú ​ ___________________
       ​dx
sin 3x – sin 6x 5. We have,

( ) ( ) ( ) ()
3x
2sin​ ___
2
3x
​   ​  ​cos​ ___
2
= Ú ​ ____________________________
        
9x
​   ​  ​ 2cos​ ___
2
 ​ dx
x
​   ​  ​cos​ __
​   ​  ​
2
sin 2x
Ú ​ __________
  ​ dx
sin 5x sin 3x
– 2cos​ ___( ) ( )
9x
2
3x
​   ​  ​sin ​ ___
​   ​  ​
2
sin (5x – 3x)
= Ú ​ ___________  
  ​ dx
sin 5x sin 3x
= – Ú 2cos​( ___
​   ​ )​cos ​( __
​   ​ )​ dx
3x x

2 2 sin 5x cos 3x – cos 5x sin 3x
= Ú ​ ______________________
      ​ dx
= – Ú (cos 2x + cos x) dx sin 5x sin 3x

= Ú (cot 3x – cot 5x)dx

(sin 2x
= – ​ ​ _____
2
 ​ + sin x ​ + c)

1 1
3. We have, = __
​   ​ log |sin 3x| – __
​   ​ log |sin 5x| + c
3 5

(
sin6x + cos6x
Ú ​ ___________
​  2    ​  ​
sin x cos2xdx ) 6. We have,

​ sin x    ​ dx
Ú___________
sinx + cos x
 Indefinite Integrals 1.133

2sin x b

1
= ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ___________
  ​ dx = – ​ __
a ​ log |t| + k
2 sin x + cos x
b
1 (sin x + cos x) + (sin x – cos x) = – ​ __ –x
a ​log|a e + c| + k
= ​ __ ​  Ú ​ _________________________
       dx​
2 sinx + cos x
10. We have,

1
2 ( sin x – cos x
​   ​ Ú ​ 1 + __________
= __ ​  )
   ​  ​ dx
sin x + cos x
dx
Ú ​ ______x ​
1+e
1
= __
​   ​ (x – log|sin x + cos x|) + c
exdx
= Ú ​ _________  ​
2 x x
e (e + 1)
7. We have, dt
= Ú ​ ______  ​, Let ex = t
dx t(t + 1)
Ú ​ _____________
   ​
sec x + cosec x fi exdx = dt

sin x cos x
= Ú ​ ___________
  ​ dx
  
sin x + cos x
(
1
= Ú ​ __
​  ​ – ____
t t+1
​ 
1
)
 ​  ​ dt

1 2 sin x cos x
​   ​ Ú ​ ___________
= __
2 sin x + cos x
   ​dx
  

| |
= log ​ ____
​ 
t+1
t
 ​  ​ + c

1 (1 + sin2x) – 1
​   ​ Ú ​ _____________
= __
2
  
   ​dx
sin x + cos x

11. We have,
​  x
e +1| |
= log ​_____
ex
 ​  ​ + c

x+9
Ú ​ _______
2
1 (sin x + cos x) 1 dx d​ x
​   ​ Ú_____________
= __  ​    ​ dx –  ​ __ ​ Ú ​ __________
      x3 + 9x
2 sin x + cos x 2 sin x + cos x
x + 9 + x2 – x2
1 1 dx = Ú ​ _____________
  
  
 ​dx
 ​ ​   ​ Ú (sin x + cos x)dx –  ​ __ ​ Ú ​ __________
= __    ​ x(x2 + 9)
2 2 sin x + cos x
x + (9 + x2) – x2
1 1__ _________ dx = Ú ​ _______________
  
 ​
   dx
​   ​ Ú (sin x + cos x)dx – ​ ____
= __  ​ Ú ​   ​ x(x2 + 9)
p
2
(
2​÷2 ​ sin​ x + __
4 )
​   ​  ​
dx
= Ú ​ _____
dx
 ​ + Ú ​ ___
x
x ​ – Ú ​ (x2 + 9) ​  dx
_______

1
__ 1__
____
| __
(
x __ p
)|
= ​   ​ (sin x – cos x) –  ​   ​ log ​ tan ​ ​   ​ + ​   ​  ​  ​ + c
2 2​÷2 ​ 2 8
x2 + 9

8. We have,

1
= __
3 ()
x
​   ​ tan– 1 ​ __
1
​   ​  ​ + log|x| – ​ __ ​ log|x2 + 9| + c
3 2

Ú tan 3x tan 2x tan x dx 12. We have

Ú sin x – cos x/ex + sin xdx
= Ú (tan 3x – tan 2x – tan x) dx
(ex + sin x) – (ex + cos x)

1
= __
1
​   ​ log |sec 3x| – __
​   ​ log |sec 2x| = Ú ​ _____________________
     ​
   dx
3 2 ex + sin x)

9. We have,
– log|sec x| + c
(
1 – (ex + cos x)
= Ú ​ _____________
​  x   
  
(e + sin x)
 ​  ​dx )
b
Ú ​ _______x d​ x = (x – log|ex + sin x|) + c
a + ce
13. We have,
be– x
= Ú ​ ________ ​dx cos x – sin x + 1 – x
c e– x + c Ú ​ _________________
   d​ x
  
|ex + sin x + x
b __ dt
a ​ Ú ​  t ​,
= – ​ __ Let a e– x + c = t
(cos x – 1) – (sin x + x)
= Ú ​ ____________________
       ​dx
fi x
– a e dx = dt ex + sin x + x
1.134 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

(ex + cos x – 1) – (ex + sin x + x)

= Ú​ ___________________________
         ​ dx
ex + sin x + x
​ 
1
[
cos(x – a)cos(x – b)
cos(b – a) Ú sin(x – a)cos(x – b) ​
= _________  ​  ​​ __________________
  
    ​ ​dx

= log|ex + sin x + x| – x + c

sin(x – a)sin(x – b)
+ ​ ​ _________________
  
    ​dx ​
​ sin(x – a)cos(x – b) ]
14. We have, 1
cos(b – a) Ú
= _________
​   ​ (cot(x – a) + tan(x – b))dx
sin(x + a)
Ú ​ _________ ​dx 1
sin(x + b) = _________
​   ​[log |sin(x – a)| – log(sec{x – b})] + c
cos(b – a)
sin(t – b + a)
= Ú ​ ____________
 ​ dt
   1
= _________
​   ​[log |sin(x – a)cos(x – b)|] + c
sin t cos(b – a)
sin(t + (b – a))
= Ú ​ _____________
   ​ dt 17. We have,
sin t ____
 ​÷tan x ​
sin t.cos(a – b) + cos t.sin(a – b) Ú________
​ ​ dx
= Ú ​ ____________________________
       ​ dt sin x cos x
sin t ____
sec2x ÷​ tan x ​
= Ú ​ __________
   ​ dx
= cos(a – b) Ú dt + sin(a – b) Ú cot dt tan x
2
sec x
= Ú ​ _____
____ ​ dx
= t cos(a – b) + sin(a – b)log |sin t | + c ​ tan x ​
÷

2t dt
= (x + b)cos(a – b) + sin(a – b)log |sin (x + b)| + c = Ú ​ ____​, Let tan x = t2
t
dx
15. We have Ú ​ ________________
    ​ fi sec2xdx = 2tdt
sin(x – a)sin(x – b)
= 2t + c
1 sin(b – a)
sin(b – a) Ú sin(x – a)sin(x – b)
= ________
​   ​   ​ ________________
      ​dx ____
= 2​÷tan x ​ + c
18. We have,
1 sin ​( (x – a) – (x – b) )​
sin(b – a) Ú sin(x – a)sin(x – b)
= ________
​   ​   ​ ___________________
        ​dx dx
Ú ​ _______
_____  ​
x​÷x4 – 1 ​

[
3
sin(x – a)cos(x – b) x_____
dx
1 = Ú ​ ________
sin(b – a) Ú sin(x – a)sin(x – b) ​
= ________
​   ​  ​ __________________
​    
   ​ ​dx  ​
x÷ 4 4
​ x – 1 ​

   ]
cos(x – a)sin(x – b)
– ​ ​ _________________
    ​
​ sin(x – a)sin(x – b)
dx ​
1
= __ ​ 
2 (t2 + 1)t
dt
​   ​ Ú t _______ ​

1
= ​ ________  ​ Ú [cot(x – b) – cot(x – a)]dx
1
​ dt  ​
​   ​ Ú______
= __
sin(b – a) 2 (t2 + 1)
1
= ________
​   ​[log|sin(x – b)| – log|sin(x – a)|] + c 1
sin(b – a) = __
​   ​ tan– 1(t) + c
2
​ 
1
= ________
sin(b – a) ( | sin(x – b)
sin(x – a) |)
 ​​ log ​ ​ _________ ​  ​  ​ + c

_____
​   ​ tan– 1 ​( ​÷x4 – 1 ​ )​ + c
1
= __
2
16. We have,
19. Let
dx
Ú ​ ________________
       ​ dx
Ú ​ _______
sin(x – a)cos(x – b) 2
(x + 1)

( )
1 cos(b – a) 2x◊x
= _________
​   ​Ú ​ _________________
     ​ dx  ​ ​  2
1
= _______  ​Ú dx – Ú ​ – ​ ________  ​  ​dx
cos(b – a) sin(x – a)cos(x – b) (x + 1) (x2 + 1)2

( )
1 cos ​( (x – a) – (x – b) )​
= ​ _________  ​Ú ​ ___________________
        ​dx 1 (x2 + 1) – 1
cos(b – a) sin(x – a)cos(x – b) = _______
​  2  ​ Ú dx – 2Ú ​ ​ __________
   ​ ​dx
(x + 1) (x2 + 1)2
 Indefinite Integrals 1.135

x
= _______
​  2
(x + 1)
dx
 ​ + 2 Ú ​ _______
(x2 + 1)
dx
 ​ – 2 Ú ​ _______
(x2 + 1)2
 ​
÷
1
= ___
​ 3 ​ ( 2t + 1
​  __ ​ tan– 1 ​ ______ )
​  __ ​  ​ + c
​÷3 ​

2
dx
fi 2 Ú ​ ________
(x + 1) 2
​  2
x
 ​= _______
(x + 1)
 ​+ 2 tan– 1x – tan– 1x + c
÷
1
= ___
​ 3 ​ ( 2x2 + 1
​  __ ​ tan– 1 ​ _______ )
​  __ ​  ​ + c
​÷3 ​

dx x 1 22. Let I = Ú sec3x dx

fi Ú ​ ________  ​= _______
​   ​+ __
​   ​ tan– 1x + c
(x2 + 1)2 (x2 + 1) 2
20. We have, = Ú (sec2x ◊ sec x)dx
_________

÷
sin(x – a)
Ú  ​ ​ _________  ​ ​dx = sec x Ú sec2x dx – Ú (sec x ◊ tan x ◊ tan x) dx
sin(x + a)
____________________
= sec x Ú sec2x dx – Ú (sec x ◊ tan2 x)dx
÷
sin(x – a) _________
sin(x – a)
= Ú ​ ​ _________    
 ​×​   ​ ​dx
sin(x + a) sin(x – a)
= sec ◊ x tan x – Ú (sec x (sec2x – 1))dx
sin(x – a)
= Ú ​ _____________
     dx
____________  ​
÷​ sin2x – sin  
2
a  ​ = sec ◊ x tan x – Ú sec3x dx + Ú secx dx

sin x cos a – cos x sina

= Ú ​ ____________________
   
___________    ​dx fi 2I = sec x ◊ tan x + Ú secx dx
÷​ sin x – sin  
2 2
a  ​

sin x fi 2I = sec x ◊ tan x – log|sec x + tan x| + c

= cos a Ú ​ _____________
   dx
____________  ​
÷​ sin x – sin  
2 2
a  ​ 1
fi I = __
​   ​ (sec x ◊ tan x + log|sec x + tan x|) + c
2
cos x
– sin a Ú ​ _____________
    ​dx
____________
÷​ sin x – sin  
2 2
a  ​ 23. Let I = Ú cosec3x dx
sin x
= cos a Ú ​ _____________
   dx
____________  ​ = Ú cosec3x ◊ cosec x dx
÷​ cos a – cos
2 2
   x ​
cos x = cosec x Ú cosec2x  dx –
– sin a Ú ​ _____________
    ​dx
____________
÷​ sin x – sin  
2 2
a  ​ Ú (– cosec x ◊ cot x ◊ – cot x)dx
​ 
cosa (
cos x
= – cos a sin – 1 ​ _____  ​  ​ ) = – cosec x ◊ cot x – Ú cosec x ◊ cot2 x dx
____________
– sin a log ​ sin a +| ÷​ sin2x – sin  
2
|
a  ​  ​ + c = – cosec x ◊ cot x – Ú cosec x(cosec2x – 1)dx

21. We have, = – cosec x ◊ cot x – Ú cosec3x dx + Ú cosec x dx

x
Ú ​ __________
    ​dx
x4 + x2 + 1 fi 2I = – cosec x ◊ cot x + Ú cosec x dx

1 dx fi 2I = – cosec x ◊ cot x + log|cosec x – cot x| + c

​   ​ Ú ​ ___
= __  ​ + t + 1, Let x2 = t
2 t2 1
fi I = ​ __ ​ (– cosec x ◊ cot x + log|cosec x – cot x| + c
fi 2xdx = dt 2
__ 24. We have,

1 dx
​   ​ Ú ​ _______2 ​ + ​​ ___
= __ ( ) ​ 3 ​ 2
÷
​   ​  ​​ ​ x2 – 1    ​dx
Ú​_____________
2
(
​​ t + __
1
)
​   ​  ​​ ​
2
2 ___________
x​÷x4 + 3x2   
+ 1 ​

( )
1
t + ​ __ ​ x2 – 1

1
= __
​   ​ × ___
2
​  __ ​ tan ​ ​ _____
– 1 2
__  ​  ​ + c = Ú ​ ______________
       ​dx
________

÷( )
1
2 ÷ ​ 3 ​ ÷
​ 3 ​
___
​   ​ x ​ ​ x + __
2 4
​  2 ​  ​  ​+ 3
2 x
1.136 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster
________

(
= Ú ​ 1 – __
x
1
)÷( 1 2
​  2 ​  ​​ ​​ x + __ )
​ x ​  ​​ ​  ​– 2 + 3
2
x
2
x
= ​ __ ​ Ú sec2 ​ __ () ()
2
x
​   ​  ​ dx – Ú tan ​ __ ()
x
​   ​  ​ dx + Ú tan ​ __
​   ​  ​ dx
2

​   ​  ​( 2tan ​( __ ​   ​ )​ )​ + c

x x

dt
= Ú ​ _______
______ ​ ,
1
Let x + __
​ x ​ = t = __
2 2
÷​ t + 1 ​
2

= x tan ​( __ ​   ​ )​ + c
x

( 1
)
fi ​ 1 – ​ __2 ​  ​ dx = dt
x

27. We have,
2
_____
|
= log ​ t + ​÷t + 1 ​  ​ + c
2
| Ú sin 4x etan x dx
2

|( )|
____________

) ÷(
1 1
= log ​ ​ x + ​ __ 2 __
x ​  ​ + ​ ​ x + ​ x2 ​ +
  3 ​ ​  ​ + c
= Ú 2sin2x . cos2x.etan x dx
2

25. We have,
2 tan x 1 – tan2x tan2 x
dx = Ú 2 ​ ________  ​◊ ​________ ​◊ e dx
Ú ​ _____________
   1 + tan x 1 + tan2x
2
x4 + 18x2 + 81
2
1 – tan  
x ​◊ 2tan x ◊ sec2x ◊ etan x dx
= 2Ú ​__________
2
 ​ ​ dx
= Ú _______
(x2 + 9)2 (1 + tan2x)3

​ dx
 ​ Now, Ú ________  ​ Let tan2x = t
(x2 + 9)2
fi 2tan x sec2x dx = dt
​  2
1
= _______
(x + 9)
​ 
– 2x ◊ x
 ​Ú dx – Ú ​ _______
(x2 + 9)2 ( ​  ​ dx
)
et(1 – t)
= 2 Ú ​________ ​dt
(1 + t)3
​  2
x
= _______
(x + 9) (
(x2 + 9) – 9
 ​+ 2 Ú ​ ​ __________
  
(x2 + 9)2
 ​  ​ dx
)
(
(t + 1) – 2
= – 2 Ú et ​ ​ _________
(t + 1)3
 ​  ​ dt
)
x
= _______ ​ dx
 ​ + 2 Ú _______ ​ dx
 ​– 18 Ú ________
( )
​  2  ​ 1 2
(x + 9) 2
(x + 9) (x2 + 9)2 = – 2 Ú et​ _______
​   ​– ______
​   ​  ​ dt
(t + 1)2 (t + 1)3
dx
fi 19Ú ​ ________  ​ t
(x2 + 9)2 ​ e
= – 2 Ú _______  ​+ c
(t + 1)2
​  2
x
= _______
(x + 9) 3
2
 ​+ __
x
​   ​ tan– 1 ​ __ ()1 x
​   ​  ​ – ​ __ ​ tan– 1 ​ __
3 3 ()
​   ​  ​ + c
3 28. We have,

​  2
x
= _______
(x + 9) 3
1
 ​+ __
x
​   ​ tan– 1 ​ __ ()
​   ​  ​ + c
3 ( 2x + 2
Ú sin– 1 ​​ _____________
      ​  ​ dx
____________
÷​ 4x + 8x +  
2
13 ​ )
fi ​ dx
Ú ________
2
(x + 9)2
​ 
x
 ​= _________
19(x2 + 9) 57
​   ​ tan– 1 ​( __
1
 ​+ ___ ​   ​ )​ + c
3
x

( 2x + 2
= Ú sin1 ​​ ______________
       ​  ​ dx
____________
÷​ (2x + 8)2   
+ 32 ​ )
Let (2x + 2) = 3tanq
26. We have,

(
x + sin x
Ú ​ ________
​ 
1 + cos x
​  ​ dx) fi 2dx = 3sec2q dq

( x
= Ú ​ ________
​ 
sin x
 ​+ ________
​  ​  ​ dx )

3
= __
2 ( 3tanq
​   ​ Ú sin– 1 ​ ______
​ 
3secq )
 ​ ​ sec2q dq
1 + cos x 1 + cos x
3
​   ​ Ú q sec2q dq
= __

( x
= Ú ​ _________
​  2
2cos (x/2)
2sin (x/2)cos(x/2)
 ​ + _______________
​ 
2cos2(x/2)
  
  
 ​  ​ dx
)
2
3
​   ​ (q Ú sec2q dq – Ú tanq dq )
= __
2
(
2
x
= Ú ​ __
2
x
​   ​ sec2 ​ __ () x
​   ​  ​ + tan​ __( ))
​   ​  ​  ​ dx
2

3
= __
​   ​ (q tanq – log|secq |) + c
2
 Indefinite Integrals 1.137
___________

( ( ) (÷ ( ) ))
2
3 2x + 2
= __
​   ​ ​ ​ ______
2x + 2
 ​ tan– 1 ​ ​ ______
2x + 2 2
 ​  ​ – log ​ ​ 1 + ​​ ______
​   ​ 
  ​​ ​ ​  ​  ​ + c ​ cos x  ​ dx + Ú __________
= Ú _________ ​ sin x    ​dx
2 3 3 3 (2 + cos x) (2 + cos x)2

 ​( ______
​   ​ )​ – ​ __ ​ log (4x + 8x + 13) + c
2x + 2 3 2
= (x + 1) tan– 1 1
= Ú _________ ​ sin x    ​dx
 ​Ú cos x dx – Ú __________
2
​
3 4 (2 + cos x) (2 + cos x)2
29. We have, sin2x    ​dx
  + Ú ​__________
x2     ​dx (2 + cos x)2
Ú _____________
​
(x sinx + cos x)2 sin x
= _________
​      ​+ c
(2 + cos x)
(x cosx)(x sec x)
= Ú _____________
​   
    ​dx
(x sin x + cos x)2 32. We have,

(x cosx)
= x sec x Ú ______________
​       ​dx
(x sin x + cos x)2
(
cosq + sinq
Ú cos(2q ) × log ​ ___________
​    
cosq – sinq )
   ​ ​ dq

= Ú cos(2q ) log ​(​ ________
cos2q )
1 + sin2q
(sec x + x sec x ◊ tan x)  ​  ​ dq
– Ú – ​ _________________
     ​dx
x sin x + cos x

x sec x
x sin x + cos x Ú
= – ​ ____________
    ​+ sec2x dx (
1 + sin 2q
cos 2q Ú
= log ​ _________
​  )
 ​  ​  cos (2q ) dq

x sec x sin (2q ) ______

= – ​ ______​ + cos x + tanx + c   – Ú _______
​  ​ ◊ ​
2
​dq
x sin x 2 cos 2q
30. We have,

x2(x sec2x + tan x)
Ú ________________
​   
    ​dx
(
1 + sin 2q  
= log ​ ​ _________
  
cos 2q )
(2q ) __
 ​  ​ × sin ​ ____
2
1
 ​ – ​   ​ log |sec 2q | + c
2
(x tan x + 1)2
33. We have,
2
(x sec2x + tan x
= Ú x  ​ _____________
​     ​  ​ dx
  
(x tan x + 1)2 ) (
x4 + 2
Ú ex ​ ​ _________
(1 + x2)5/2 )
 ​  ​ dx

Ú(
x sec2x + tan x
= x2 ​ _____________
​     ​  ​dx
  
(x tan x + 1)2 )
(x4 + 1) + 1
= Ú ex​ __________
  
   ​dx
(1 + x2)5/2
1
  – Ú ​ 2x. – __________
​  (
    ​  ​dx
(x tan x + 1) )
(x2 + 1)2 + (1 – 2x2)
= Ú ex​  __________________
   ​ dx
  
2
​ 
x
= – _________
(tan x + 1)
​  (x cos x
 ​ + 2 Ú ​ _____________    ​  ​dx
(x sin x + cos x) ) (1 + x2)5/2

​ 
x2
= – _________
(tan x + 1)
 ​+ 2log|x sin x + cos x| + c
((x2 + 1)2
= Ú ex ​ ​ _________  ​ +​ 
(1 – 2x2)
_________
(1 – x2)5/2 (1 + x2)5/2 )
 ​  ​ dx

31. We have,

sec x (2 + sec x)
Ú ______________
​   
  
2
 ​ dx

( 1
= Ú ex ​ ​ _________
(1 + x2)1/2
 ​  +
(1 – 2x2)
​  _________
(1 + x2)5/2 )
 ​  ​ dx

(1 + 2 sec x)

2cos x + 1
= Ú ​__________
  
    ​dx

( 1
= Ú ex ​ _________
​  ​ 
x
 ​+ _________
(1 + x2)1/2 (1 + x2)5/2
 ​  ​ dx
)
(2 + cos x)2

2cos x + cos2x + sin2x
= Ú ___________________
​    
(2 + cos x)2
 ​
   dx
x
  + Ú ex ​ _________
​ 
(1 + x2)3/2
 ​  +
( (1 – 2x2)
​ __________
   ​  ​ dx
(1 + x2)5/2 )

cos x(2 + cos x) + sin2x
= Ú ​____________________
   
(2 + cos x)2
 ​
   dx

( 1
= ex ​ _______
÷​ 1 + x  ​
2 (1 +
x
​  ______  ​+ _________
​ 
x2)3/2 )
 ​  ​ + c
1.138 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

34. We have, 36. We have,

(
x cos3x – sin x
Ú esin x​ ____________
​ 
cos2x
   ​  ​ dx ) Ú cot– 1(1 + x + x2) dx

= Ú e sin x
(x cosx – sec x ◊ tan x) dx

(​ 
1
= Ú tan– 1​ ________
1 + x + x2 )
 ​  ​ dx

= Ú e sin x
( sin x ◊ cos x
 ​ x cosx –​ _________
cos3x
   ​  ​dx
) ( (1 + x) – x
= Ú tan– 1​ ​ __________
  
1 + x(1 + x) )
   ​   ​ dx

= Ú tan– 1(1 + x)dx + Ú tan– 1x dx

( t
= Ú et ​ sin– 1t – ________
​ 
(1 – t2)3/2
 ​  ​ dt,
) Let t = sin x

Let 1 + x = t fi dx = dt
fi dt = cosx dx

[ 1
= Ú et ​ sin– 1t – ______
1
​  _____ ​ + ​ _______
( t
​  _____  ​– ________
÷​ 1 – t  ​ ​÷1 – t  ​
2 2
​ 
(1 – t2)3/2
 ​  ​  ​ dt
)]

= Ú tan– 1t dx +

1
Ú tan– 1x dx
= t tan– 1t – ​ __ ​ log |t2 + 1| +
t
( 1
= e ​ sin t – ​ _______
–1
_____  ​  ​ + c
÷​ 1 – t2 ​ )
2
1
x tan– 1x – ​ __ ​ log |x2 + 1| + c
2
= esin x(x – sec x) + c
1
= (x + 1)tan– 1(x + 1) – ​ __ ​ log|(x + 1)2 + 1|
35. We have, 2
1
dx    ​
Ú  ____________
​ x tan– 1x – ​ __ ​ log |x2 + 1| + c
cosx + cosec x 2
37. We have,
​ sin x dx  
= Ú ____________
sin x ◊ cos x + 1
Ú tan– 1 (1 + x + x2) dx
 ​ ​ 2sin x   dx    ​
= Ú ______________
2sin x ◊ cos x + 2 p
2sin x dx  ​
= Ú ​ __ (
​   ​ – tan– 1(1 + x + x2) ​ dx
2 )
= Ú ​_________
sin 2x + 2 p 1
= __
​   ​ x – (x + 1)tan– 1(x + 1) – ​ __ ​ log|(x + 1)2 + 1|
(sin x + cos x) + (sin x – cos x) 2 2
= Ú __________________________
​      ​    dx
sin 2x + 2 1
– x tan– 1x – ​ __ ​ log |x2 + 1| + c
(sin x + cos x) (sin x – cos x) 2
= Ú ____________
​    ​ dx + Ú _____________
   ​   
  ​ dx 38. We have,
sin 2x + 2 2 + sin 2x + 2x
sin x
Let sin x – cos x = t and sin x + cos x = v Ú​ _____ ​ dx
sin 4x
fi (cos x + sin x)dx = dt and (cos x – sin x)dx = dy sin x    ​ dx
= Ú ____________
​
2 sin 2x cos 2x
​ dt
= Ú _________ ​ dv
 ​– Ú _________  ​
1 dx     ​
1 + t2 + 2 v2 – 1 + 2 ​   ​ Ú _______________
= __ ​
4 cos x (2cos2x – 1)
Ú v2dv+ 1  ​
dt  ​–  ​ ______
= Ú ​_____
1 cos  
x dx
= ​ __ ​ Ú __________________
2
t –3 ​    
4 (1 – sin2x)(1 – 2sin2x)

| |
__
1__ t – ​÷3 ​
= – ​ ____ ​ log ​ ​ ________ ​   ​ – tan– 1(v) + c
1 dt     ​,
2​÷3 ​ t +÷​ 3 ​ ​   ​ Ú _____________
 ​ = __ ​ Let t = sin x
__ 4 (1 – t2)(1 – 2t2)
1__ (sin x – cos x) – ÷
​ 3 ​
= – ​ ____ ​ log|​ ________________
  
   __
fi dt = cos x dx
2​÷3 ​ (sin x – cos x) + ÷
​ 3 ​
1 dt     ​
 ​ – tan– 1(sin x + cos x) + c ​   ​ Ú ______________
= __ ​
4 (t2 – 1)(2t2 – 1)
 Indefinite Integrals 1.139

1
​ 
1
​   ​ Ú ​ _____
= __
(
4 t2 – 1 2t2 – 1
​ 
2
 ​– _______  ​  ​ dt
) 3 dv
= ​ __ ​ Ú ​ __________
3
2 (v2 – v + 1) 2 Ú (v3 + 1)
    ​– __
dv
​   ​   ​ _______  ​

1
= __
4 t – 1 4 t ​÷2 ​
2
1 dt ___
​ dt  ​– ​ __ ​ Ú __
​   ​ Ú _____
2 ( )
1 2
​  ​ ​​ ​  __ ​  ​​ ​ 3
​   ​ Ú _______________
= __ ​ 
dv
   __
2
3 v – (v – 1)
2
​   ​ Ú​ ___________
 ​– __    ​dv
2
( ) ( ) 2

|| | |
2
1
__ 2 ÷
​
___3 ​ (v3 + 1)
​​ v – ​   ​  ​​ ​ + ​​ ​   ​  ​​ ​
1 2 2
t – ___
​  __ ​
1 1
= __
​   ​ × __
4 2
t–1
​   ​ log ​ _____
​ 
| |
t + 1 4​÷2 ​
1__
 ​  ​ – ​ ____
÷
​ 2 ​
 ​ log ​ ​  ______  ​  ​ + c
t + ___
1
​  __ ​
÷
​ 2 ​
÷
1
= ___ (
2v – 1
​  __ ​ tan– 1 ​ ______
​ 3 ​ ​÷3 ​
1
)
​  __ ​  ​ –  ​ __ ​ log |v3 + 1|
2
3 v–1
+ ​ __ ​ Ú ​ _________
__

| |
1 t – 1 ____ 1 t ​÷2 ​– 1  ​dv
= __
​   ​ log​ _____
​   ​ ​ – ​  __ ​ log ​ ​ _______
__  ​  ​ + c 2 v2 – v + 1  
8 t + 1 4​÷2 ​ t ​÷2 ​+ 1
where t = sin x.
1
= ___ (
2v – 1
​  __ ​ tan– 1​ ______
÷
​ 3 ​
1
)
​  __ ​  ​ –  ​ __ ​ log|v3 + 1|
​÷3 ​ 2
39. We have,
3 (2v – 1) – 1
+  ​ __ ​ Ú ​__________
    ​dv
Ú (x 3m
+x 2m m
+ x )(2x 2m m
+ 3x + 6) 1/m
dx 2 v2 – v + 1

= Ú (x3m – 1 + x2m – 1 + xm – 1) × x × (2x2m + 3xm + 6)1/m dx

÷
1__ – 1
= ​ ___
​ 3 ​ ( 1
 ​ tan  ​ 2v – ___
1
)
​  __ ​  ​ –  ​ __ ​ log |v3 + 1|
​ 3 ​ 2
÷
= Ú (x3m – 1 + x2m – 1 + xm – 1)(2x3m + 3x2m + 6xm)1/m dx

Let 2x3m + 3x2m + 6xm = t

3
2
1__ – 1 ______
+ ​ __ ​ log|v2 – v + 1| – ​ ___
​÷3 ​ (
2v – 1
)
 ​ tan  ​ ​  __ ​  ​ + c
​÷3 ​
3 1
= __
​   ​ log|v2 – v + 1| – ​ __ ​ log |v3 + 1| + c
fi 6m(x3m – 1 + x2m – 1 + xm – 1)dx = dt 2 2
1
​  ​Ú t1/m dt
= ___ where v = t2 = (tan x)2/3
6m
dx
​ 
1
= ________  ​t m + 1 + c 41. We have Ú _______
​  x
6(m + 1) (e – 1)2
1 ex
= ________
​   ​(2x3m + 3x2m + 6xm) m – 1 + c  ​ = Ú ​ _________  ​dx
6(m + 1) ex(ex – 1)2
dt
40. We have, = Ú ​ _______2 ​ Let ex = t
_____ t(t – 1)
Ú 3​÷tan x  ​dx fi exdx = dt
3
Let tan x = t

fi sec 2x dx = 3t2 dt

(1
= Ú ​ __ ​ 
1
​  ​ – ____
t t – 1 (t – 1)2
​ 
1
 ​ + ______  ​  ​ dt
)
| |
2 2
3t 3t t 1
fi dx = _____
​  2 d​ t = _____
​   ​dt = log ​  ​ ____  ​ ​ – ____
​   ​ + C
sec x 1 + t2 t–1 t–1
3
​ 3t  ​dt
= Ú _____
t6 + 1

| |
​  x
e –1
ex
= log ​______ ​  x
e –1
1
 ​  ​ – ______  ​+ C

3 t 2.2t 42. We have

​   ​ Ú _____
= __ ​  ​dt
2 t6 + 1 tan– 1x
Ú ​ ______
 ​ dx
3 v x4
= ​ __ ​ Ú ​ _____  ​d v, Let t2 = v

2 v3 + 1
fi 2t dt = dx

dx
x
​ 
1+x[
1
= tan– 1x Ú ​ ___4 ​ – Ú ​ ______
2 ( )]
3x
1
 ​× ​ – ​ ___3 ​  ​  ​ dx

tan– 1x __ 1 x dx
3 (v + 1) – 1 = ______
​   ​+ ​   ​ Ú ​ ________
​   ​ Ú​ ________________
= __       ​dv (– 3x )3 3 x (1 + x2)
4
2 (v + 1) (v2 – v + 1)
1.140 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster
3
tan– 1x __ 1 dt = 4 log|t3 + 1| – __
​   ​ log|t2 – t + 1|
 ​ = ​ ______  ​+ ​   ​ Ú ​ _______2 ​, Let x2 + 1 = t 2
(– 3x )3 6 t(t – 1)
fi 2x dx = dt

÷
1
+ ___
​ 3 ​ ( )
2t – 1
​  __ ​ tan– 1 ​ ______
__
​  __ ​  ​ + c, Let t = 3​÷x​
​÷3 ​

​ 
tan– 1x
= ______
(– 3x3)
 ​ +
(
1 1 _____
​   ​ Ú ​ __
__ ​  ​ – ​ 
6 t t – 1 (t – 1)2
1
​ 
1
 ​+ _______  ​  ​ dt
) 45. We have,

dx
Ú ​ ___________
   ​
( | | )
–1 2sin x + sec x
tan x __ 1 t 1
= ______
​   ​ + ​   ​  ​ log ​ ____
​   ​ ​ – ​ ____  ​  ​ + c
(– 3x3) 6 t–1 t–1
cos x
= Ú  ​ _________  ​dx

tan x
= ______
​ 
–1

(– 3x3)
 ​ +
1
__
6 ( | | ) 2
x +1
​   ​  ​ log ​ ______
1
​  2 ​  ​ – ​ __2 ​  ​ + c
x x 1
sin 2x + 1

2cos x
​   ​ Ú ​ _________  ​dx
= __
2 sin 2x + 1
43. We have,
dx
Ú ​ _______________ 1 (sin x + cos x) – (sin x – cos x)
_____     ​
____ ​   ​ Ú ​ _________________________
= __      ​
   dx
​ sin x ​)4
(​÷cos x  ​+ ÷ 2 sin 2x + 1

sec2x 1 (sin x + cos x) 1 (sin x – cos x)

= Ú ​ ___________
    ​dx
____ ​   ​ Ú  ​ ____________
= __   
   ​   ​ Ú ____________
 ​ dx – __ ​    
   ​ dx
(1 + ÷ ​ tan x ​)4 2 sin  2x + 1 2 sin 2x + 1

​  2t dt  ​ ,
= Ú _______ 1 (sin x + cos x) 1 (sin x – cos x)
Let tan x = t2 ​   ​ Ú ____________
= __ ​ ​   ​  Ú ____________
    ​ dx – __ ​    
    ​ dx
(1 + t)4 2 (sin x + cos x) 2 2 (sin x + cos x)2
fi sec2xdx = dt
1 dx 1 (sin x – cos x)
​   ​ Ú ____________
= __ ​  ​   ​ Ú​____________
   ​– __   
    ​ dx
(t + 1) – 1 2 (sin x + cos x) 2 (sin x + cos x)2
= 2 Ú​_________ ​dt
(1 + t)4 p 1 (sin x – cos x)
1
​  __ ​ Ú cosec ​ x + __
= ____ ( )
​   ​ Ú ​ ____________
​   ​  ​ dx – __   
    ​dx

( 1
= 2 Ú ​ _______
​ 
1
 ​– ​ _______  ​  ​ dt
(1 + t)3 (t + 1)4 ) 2​÷2 ​ 4 2 (sin x + cos x)2

(​ 
1
= – 2 Ú ​ ________
1
 ​–   ​ _______ ​  ​ + c
3(1 + t)2 4(t + 1)3 )
1__
= ​ ____
2 ​÷2 ​ | 2
x p
 ​ log ​ tan ​ __ (
​   ​ + __
8 )| 1
​   ​  ​  ​ – __
​   ​ (sin x + cos x) + c
2

46. We have,
Ú(
​ 
1
= – 2 ​ ____________
3(1 + ÷
____
1
  2  ​– ​ ____________
____   3 ​  ​ + c
​ tan x ​) 4(​÷tan x ​ + 1) ) x4 + 1  ​dx
Ú​______
x6 + 1

44.
1+x
– 2/3
Ú ​ 1_______
+x
​  (
1+t 2
​ dx 3 Ú ​ ______
1 + t3
–2
 ​  ​t dt, )   (x2 + 1)2 – 2x2
= Ú​ _____________
  
(x6 + 1)
  
 ​dx

Let x = t3 fi dx = 3t2 dt (x2 + 1)2 x2

= Ú ​ _______
6
 ​ dx – 2 Ú ​ _______
6
 ​ dx
(x + 1) (x + 1)
t2 dt
= 3 Ú ​ _____3 ​ dt + 3 Ú ​ _____3  ​
1+t 1+t (x2 + 1) x2
= Ú​ ___________
4 2
    ​dx – 2 Ú _______
​  6  ​dx
(x + x + 1) (x + 1)
t2 – (t2 – 1)
= log|t3 + 1| + 3 Ú​ __________
( )
  
 ​  dt 1
t3 + 1 ​ 1 + __​  2 ​  ​
x 2 3x2
= Ú ​ ___________ ​   ​ Ú _________
    ​dx – __ ​   ​dx
( )
(t – 1) 3 (​ (x3)2 + 1 )​
= 4 log|t3 + 1| – 3 Ú​________  ​dt ​ x2 + __
1
​  2 ​– 1 ​
2
t –t+1 x
3 (2t – 1) – 1
= 4 log|t3 + 1| – ​ __ ​ Ú​__________
2 t2 – t + 1
   ​ dt
(
​ 1 + __
= Ú ​ ____________
x
1
)
​  2 ​  ​
      ​dx – __
2 3x2
​   ​Ú ​ _________  ​dx
3
= 4 log|t3 + 1| – __
3
​   ​ log|t2 – t + 1| + __
2 2 t2 – t + 1
dt
​   ​ Ú ​ ________  ​ (( 1
​ ​​ x + __
2
)
​ x ​  ​​ ​ + 1 ​  )
3 ​( (x )2 + 1 )​
3
 Indefinite Integrals 1.141

47. We have,
1
= tan–1 ​ x – ​ __( 2 –1 3
__ )
x ​  ​ – ​ 3 ​ tan (x ) + c
t
= ______
​  2
(t – 1) (
(t2 – 1) + 1
 ​ + 2Ú ​ ​  _________
   ​  ​ dt
(t2 – 1)2 )
t dt dt
= ______
​  2  ​ + 2Ú ​ ______  ​ + 2Ú ​ _______  ​
Ú dx(e x
– 1) 2
(t – 1) 2
(t – 1) (t – 1)2
2

dt t dt
exdx fi 2Ú ​ _______  ​ = –  ​ ______  ​ – Ú ​ ______  ​
= Ú _________
​  x x (t2 – 1)2 (t2 – 1) (t2 – 1)
e (e – 1)2

​ dt  ​,
 ​ = Ú_______
t(t – 1)2
Let t = ex

_____
t
= – ​ ______
(t2 – 1) 2
1 t–1
t+1 | |
 ​ – ​ __ ​ log ​ ​ ____  ​  ​ + c

fi dt = ex dx where t = ÷
​ x + 1 ​

( )
1 1 1 50. We have,
= Ú ​ __
​  ​ – ______
​   ​+ ______
​   ​  ​ dt,
t (t – 1) (t – 1)2 x4 – 1
Ú ​ ____________
    ​ dx
_________
​ 
1
= log ​ ____
| | 1
 ​  ​ –  ​ ____  ​ + C
t –1 t– 1

x2÷
​ x4 + x2 + 1 ​
x4 – 1
= Ú ​ ______________
       ​ dx
| |
________

÷( )
x
e 1
= log ​ _____
​  x  ​  ​ – ​ ______  ​+ C x ​ ​ x + __
3 2 1
​  2 ​  ​ ​ + 1
e –1 ex – 1 x
48. We have,
dx_____
Ú ____________
​      ​
(
​ x – __
1

= Ú​ ____________
________   
)
​  3  ​  ​ dx
x
    ​

÷( )
(x – 1)​÷x + 2  ​ 1
​ ​ x2 + __ ​  2 ​  ​ ​+ 1
x
​  2t dt ,​
= Ú _______ Let x + 2 = t2 t dt 1
(t2 – 3)t = Ú ___
​  ​, Let x2 + __
​  2 ​ + 1 = t2
t x
fi dx = 2t dt

dt
= 2Ú ​ __________
    ​
__

( x
1
)
fi ​ 2x – 2 ​ __3 ​  ​ dx = 2tdt

(​ t – (​÷3 ​)2 )​
2
= Ú t dt

| |
__
2 t–÷ ​ 3 ​
= ____
​  __ ​ log ​ ______
​  __ ​  ​ + c =t+c
2​÷3 ​ t + ​÷3 ​ __________

÷
1
= ​ x2 + __
​  2 ​  
+ 1 ​ + c

| |
__
1 (x + 2) – ÷ ​ 3 ​ x
= ___
​  __ ​ log​ ​ ___________
   __ ​  ​ + c
÷
​ 3 ​ (x + 2) + ÷
​ 3 ​
51. We have,
49. We have, x2 – 1
Ú​ ______________
       ​ dx
____________
dx x3÷
​ 2x4 – 2x2  
+ 1 ​
Ú ________
​  2 _____
x  ​÷x + 1 x2 – 1
= Ú ​ ____________
__________     ​dx
2t dt
= Ú ​ ________
÷
Let x + 1 = t2 2 1
 ​ ,​ x5​ 2 – __ __
​  2 ​ +  
​  4 ​ ​
 ​ (t – 1)2t
2
x x
fi dx = dtdt

dt
= 2Ú ​ _______
(
​ __
x
1
​  3 ​ – __
= Ú ​ ___________
x
1
__________
)
​  5 ​  ​dx
    ​
  
(t2 – 1)2
÷
2
__ __1
 ​ 2 – ​  2 ​ +   ​  4 ​ ​
dt x x
 ​ Now, Ú ​ _______  ​
(t2 – 1) 1 t dt 2 1
​   ​ Ú ___
= __ ​  ​, Let 2 – ​ __2 ​ + __
​  4 ​ = t2

1
= ______
​  2
(t – 1) ( 2t ◊ t
 ​Ú dt – Ú ​ – ​ _______
(t2 – 1)2 )
 ​  ​ dt
2 t x x

2
fi ​ ___ (
​   ​ –
25
4
___
)
​   ​  ​ dx = 2tdt
25
1.142 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster
1 fi
= __
​   ​ t + c (cosq + sinq)dq = dt
2
__________ Also, t2 = 1 – sin  2q

÷
1 2 1
= __
​   ​ ​ 2 – __ __
​  2 ​ +  
​  4 ​ ​ + c
2 x x fi sin  2q = 1 – t2

dt
52. We have, = Ú ​ __________   ​
________
_____ ÷​ 5 + 1 + t2 ​
÷
​ cos2x ​
Ú ______
​ 
sin x
​dx
dt
= Ú ​ ___________
_________
__    ​
______ ÷​ ​ ​÷6 ​ )2​ – t2 ​
(

÷
cos2x
= Ú ​ _____
​  2 ​  ​ dx
sin x
____________
= sin– 1 ​ ___
( )
t
​  __ ​  ​ + c
​÷6 ​

=
÷
Ú ​ ​ cos
2
x – sin x
___________
sin2x
  ​  ​dx
  
2
(
sinq –__cosq
= sin– 1 ​ ​ __________
 ​ 
​÷6 ​
   ​ + c )
________
= Ú ​÷cot2x – 1 ​dx 54. We have
se2x
__________ Ú  ​ _____________
    ​dx
= Ú  ​÷cosec2x   
– 2 ​dx (sec x + tan x)9/2
2
cosec x–2 sec x.sec x
= Ú ​ ___________
  
    ​dx
__________ = Ú  ​ _____________
      ​dx ...(i)
÷​ cosec2x   
– 2 ​ (sec x + tan x)9/2

cosec2x 2 Let sec x + tan x = t

= Ú  ​ ___________
    ​dx – Ú  ​ ___________
__________     ​dx
__________
÷​ cosec x   
2
– 2 ​ ​÷cosec2x   
– 2 ​ fi sec x (sec x + tan x) dx = dt
cosec2x dt
= Ú  ​ _________
2sin x
________  ​dx – Ú   ​ __________
    ​ dx
_________ fi sec xdx = __
​ ​
t
÷​ cot x – 1 ​
2
​÷1 – 2sin2x ​ 1 1
Also sec x – tan x = ___________
​      ​= __
​  ​
cosec x 2
2sin x (sec x + tan x) t
= Ú  ​ _________
________  ​dx – Ú  ​ __________
    ​ dx
_________
÷​ cot x – 1 ​ ​÷2cos2x – 1 ​
( )
2
1 1
Thus, sec x = __
​   ​  ​ t + __
​  ​  ​ dt
2 t
Let cot x = t and cos x = v

fi cosec2xdx = dt and – sin xdx = dx.

The given intergral (i) reduces to
dt dv
= – Ú _______
​  _____ ​ + 2 Ú ________

÷​ t – 1 ​
2
​  _______ ​
÷​ 2 v2 – 1 ​
1
2__________
Ú  ​ 
(
​ __ ​  ​ t + __
1 dt
t t
 ​
  
)
​  ​  ​ ​ __​
__ 9/2
dt dv t
= – Ú  ​ ______ ​ 2 ​ Ú  ​ ___________
_____  ​ + ÷ _________   
÷​ t – 1 ​
÷ ( )
2 2 1__ 2
___ 1 (t + 1)
2
​ v – ​​ ​   ​  ​​ ​ ​  ​   ​ Ú  ​ ______
= __  ​ dt
÷
​ 2 ​ 2
______ t13/2

| |
_____ __
÷
1
​ 2 ​ log ​ v + ​ v2 – ​ __ ​ ​  ​ + c
 ​ = – log|t + ÷
​ t2 – 1 ​| + ÷
________
2
1
( 1
​   ​ Ú   ​ ___
= __
2 t9/2 t13/2
1
​   ​ + ____
)
​   ​  ​ dt

|
= –  log ​ cot x + ​÷cot2x – 1 ​  ​ |
_________
1
= __ Ú( 2
​   ​    ​ ____
2
​   ​ + ______
​   ​  ​ + c
)
| |
__
÷
1 2 7t7/2 11t11/2
+ ​÷2 ​ log ​ cos x + ​ cos x – __
2
​   ​ ​  ​ + c
2
53. We have,
( 1
= ​ ____
1
​  7/2 ​ + ______
7t
​  11/2 ​  ​ + c
11t )
cosq + sinq
Ú​___________
  
   ​dq
__________
1 1
÷​ 5 + sin(2q
  ) ​ = ______________
​      ​ + ________________
​     ​ + c
7(sec x – tan x)7/2 11(sec x + tan x)11/2
Let sinq – cosq = 1
 Indefinite Integrals 1.143

55. We have, log(1 + sin2x)

2. Ú cos2x   
​  ____________
 ​dx
tan2q
Ú  ​ ____________
   ​dq
___________
÷​ sin q + cos
6 6
  q ​
= Ú sec2x log(1 + sin2x)dx
tan2q
= Ú  ​ _______________
      ​ dq
______________ 2sin x ◊ cos x
÷​ 1 – 3sin2q cos
  
2
q  ​ = log(1 + sin2x) Ú sec2x dx – Ú tan x ◊ __________
​     ​ dx
  
(1 + sin2x)
sin2x

sin2q
= Ú  ​ ________________
      dq
__________  ​  = tan x log(1 + sin2x) – 2Ú ________
​   ​dx
1 + sin2x
÷
3 2
cos2q ​ 1 – __
​   ​ sin  
2q  ​

2sin2q
4

= Ú  ​ ________________
       ​ dq
__________
1
= tan x log(1 + sin2x) – 2Ú​ 1 – ________
​ 
1 + sin2x (
​  ​dx
)
cos2q ÷ 2 2
​ 4 – 3sin  2q  ​ ​ sec x  ​ dx
= tan x log(1 + sin2x) – 2(x) + 2Ú _________
2
2tan x + 1
2sin2q
= Ú  ​ ________________
       ​ dq
__________ dt
cos2q ÷​ 3cos2 2q   
– 1 ​ = tan x log(1 + sin2x) – 2(x) + 2Ú ​______  ​
2t2 + 1
dt
= Ú  ​ ________
______  ​, Let t = cos2q Let tan x = t
t​÷3t2 – 1 ​ sec2x dx = dt
fi dt = 2sin2q dq __ __
= tan x log(1 + sin2x) – 2(x) + 2​÷2 ​tan– 1(t ​÷2 ​) + c
t dt
= – Ú _________
​  ______  ​ where t = tan x
t ÷
2
​ 3t2 – 1 ​

Ú ​x​ 3​ ​​( 1 + ​x​3​ )​​

2 2 –1
– ​ __ ​ __ dx
​dx = Ú ​ __________
​   ​
1 dv
= – ​ __ ​ Ú  ​ _____
 ​, Let 3t2 – 1 = v2 3.   
9 v2 + 1 x2/3(1 + x2/3)
6 tdt = 2x dx
 ​ Let x1/3 = t
1
= – ​ __​tan– 1v + c
dx
fi ​ ____  ​ = dt
9
______
3x2/3
= – ​ __​tan– 1 ​( ​÷3t2 – 1 ​)​ + c
1 dx

9 fi ​ ___  ​ = 3dt
x2/3
__________
dt
= – ​ __​tan– 1 ​( ​÷3cos2 2q   
– 1 ​)​ + c
1 = 3Ú _____
​ 

9 1 + t2
 ​ = 3tan– 1(t) + c

= 3tan– 1(x1/3) + c
x2 + 6
1. Ú​ _______________
       ​dx
(x sin x + 3cos x)6

(x2 + 6)x4
4. [ 5p
16 ]
​   ​ – x )​  ​ ​[ 1 + tan ​( – ​ ___ ​ + x )​ ]​ dx
Ú ​ 1 + tan ​( ___ 16
p

= Ú​ _________________
      ​dx = Ú 2dx
(x3 sin x + 3x2cos x)6
= 2x + c
p
( )
2 3
(x + 6)x cos x.(x sec x)
= Ú​ ___________________
       ​dx ​ (1 + tan A)(1 + tan B) = 2, if A + B = __
​   ​  ​
4
(x3 sin x + 3x2cos x)6
5. Útan (x – a ) ◊ tan (x + a ) ◊ tan 2x dx
x(x2 + 6) cos x = Ú(tan (2x) – tan (x – a ) – tan(x + a ))dx
= (x3sec x)Ú​  _________________
       ​dx + Ú sec2x dx
(x3 sin x + 3x2cos x)6
1
= – ​ __ ​ log |cos (2x)| + log |cos (x – a )|
– x sec x 2
= _____________
​        ​+ tan x + c
x sin x + 3 cos x
+ log |cos (x – a )| + c
1.144 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster
_____ dt t   
6. (
Ú cos ​ 2cot –1
(÷ ))
1–x
​ ​ _____
​ 
1+ x
​ ​  ​  ​ dx
Now, I1 = Ú ___________
​
t2 + 2t – 3 dt

Let x = cosq
fi dx = – sinq dq
(
1 (2t + 2) – 2
​   ​ Ú ​ ​ __________
 ​ = __
2 t2 + 2t – 3
   ​  ​ dt )
Ú( ) ( )
________ 1 (2t + 2) dt
= Ú [ (÷ 1 – cosq
cos ​ 2cot– 1 ​ ​ ________
​ 
1 + cosq )]
 ​  ​ ​  ​ dq
= ​ __ ​   ​ ​ _________
2 t2 + 2t – 3
 ​ ​ dt – Ú ​ _________
​  2
t + 2t – 3
 ​  ​

Ú( ) Ú( )
1 (2t + 2) dt
= __
​   ​  ​​ _________  ​  ​ dt –  ​ ____________
​      ​  ​
= Ú [ { ( )}] q
cos  ​ 2cot  ​ tan​ __
–1
​   ​  ​  ​  ​ dq
2
2 t2 + 2t – 3 (t + 1)2 – (2)2

| |
__
1 1__ (t + 1) – ​÷2 ​
= __
​   ​ log|t2 + 2t – 3| – ​ ____  ​ log ​​ __________
   __ ​  ​ + c
= [ { ( )}] p q
Ú cos ​ 2cot– 1 ​ cot ​ __
​   ​ – __
2
​   ​  ​  ​  ​ dq
2
2 2​÷2 ​ (t + 1) + ​÷2 ​
1
where t = ​ x + __ (
​ x ​  ​ )
= Ú [ ( )]
p q
cos ​ 2 ​ __
​   ​ – __
2
​   ​  ​  ​ dq
2 dx
Also, I2 = Ú ​ _________________
       ​
__________
= Ú cos (p – q ) dq (x + 2)​÷x2 + 2x   
– 3  ​

= – Ú cos (q ) dq dt
– ​ __2 ​ 
t
= Ú _________________________
​          ​
_____________________
= – sinq + c
______
( ) ÷(
1
​ __
1
​  ​  ​​ ​​ __
t t
2
) 1
2​ __
​  ​ – 2 ​​ ​ +     ( )
​  ​ – 2 ​ – 3 ​
t
= – ​÷1 – x  ​+ c 2
dt
= – Ú ​ _________________________
       ​
_______________________

÷ ( )
___________________ 1
2 2 __
(x – 1)​÷x4 + 3x3 –    
x2 + 2x + 1 ​  ​ ​  ​ – 2 ​ – 3t2 ​
​ (1 – 2t) + 2t   
t
7. Ú ​ 
__________________________
2
   
x (x + 1)dx
   ​
dt
__________________________ = – Ú ___________________________
​  _________________________
    
    ​
​÷(1 – 4t + 4t )    
÷ {( ) }
2
+ 2t – 4t2 – 3t2 ​
(x2 – 1)​ x2 ​ ​ x2 + __
x
1 1
2 ​ x + __
​  2 ​  ​ +    ​ x ​  ​ – 1 ​ ​ ( ) dt
= Ú _________________________________
​           ​ dx = – Ú _____________
​  ___________
    ​
x2(x2 + 2x + 1) ​÷(1 – 2t +   3t2)  ​
________________________ dt
= – Ú ________________
​ 1 – __
1
( ) ÷{ (
​  2 ​  ​​ ​ ​ x2 + __
x x
1

= Ú ​ _________________________________
    
)1
2 ​ x + __
​  2 ​  ​ +    
   
 ​
(
​ x ​  ​ – 1 ​  ​ ) } ​  _______________
÷​ – {3t + 2t  
2
    ​
+ 1}  ​

​ x + __
1
(
​ x ​ + 2 ​ )
dt
= – Ú _________________
​  ________________
       ​

÷ { }
2 1
​ – 3​ t2 + __ – __
​   ​t   ​   ​  ​  ​
1 3 3
Let x + __ ​ x ​ + 2 = t
dt
= – Ú ___________________
( )
1 ​  _________________
       ​
fi ​ 1 – __
÷ {( ) }
​  2 ​  ​ dx = dt 1 2 __ 4
x ​ – 3​ ​​ t + __
​   ​  ​​ ​  
– ​   ​  ​  ​
_________ 3 9
÷​ t2 + 2t   
– 3 ​
= Ú  ​ __________ 1__ _______________ dt

(t + 2)
 ​dt = – ​ ___  ​ Ú ​  _____________   

÷( ) ( )
÷
​ 3 ​ __ 2 2 1 2
__
​ ​​ ​   ​  ​​ ​– ​​ t +  
​   ​  ​​ ​
2
t + _________
2t  
– 3    ​dt 3 3
= Ú​  ________________
(t + 2)​÷t + 2t    = – ​ ___ ​ sin  ​( ______
​   ​ )​+ c
2
– 3  ​ –1 1 3t + 1
 ​ __
​÷3 ​ 2
t(t + 2) – 3  ​
= Ú​ ________________
      dt  ​
_________
(t + 2)​÷t2 + 2t   
– 3  ​
1
where t = ​ x + __ (
​ x ​  ​ )
t dt p
= Ú __________
    ​dt – Ú _______________
​  _________
÷​ t + 2t –  3 ​ 
2
​    
_________
(t + 2)​÷t2 + 2t – 3  ​
tan ​ __ (
​   ​ – x ​
4
8. Ú ​ _______________________
   
  
__________________
)
 ​dx
cos x ÷
2
​ tan x + tan2x +  
3
tan2x ​
 ​ = I1 + I2 (say)
 Indefinite Integrals 1.145
2
(1 – tan x) sec2x dx q 1 (1 – t )dt
= Ú​  __________________________
      
_________________ = –  ​ _______  ​ + ​   ​ Ú​  ________
__  ​
3 tan3q 3 t3
(1 + tan x)​÷tan3x + tan2x +  
tan x ​

 ​
(1 – t)dt
= Ú​ ________________
     ​
_________ Let tan x = t

q
= –  ​ _______
3 tan3q
 ​ +
1 1
3 t3 (
​   ​ Ú ​ __
__ ​   ​ –
1
__
)
​  ​  ​ dt
t
(1 + t)​÷t3 + t2 + t ​
fi sec2xdx = dt
q
= –  ​ _______
3 tan q 3 2t2
3
1 1
 ​ – __
(
​   ​  ​ ___
​   ​ + log|t| ​ + c
)
(1 – t2 )dt
= Ú ​ _________________
(1 + t)2 ÷
     ​
_________
​ t3 + t2 + t ​

q
= –  ​ _______
3 tan q3
1
 ​ – __
3 ( 1
​   ​  ​ ______
​  2  ​ + log |sin q | ​ + c
2sin q )
(1 – t2)dx where tan q = x
= Ú ​ _______________________
   
  ___________  ​

÷( )
1
(t + 2t + 1)​ t2​ t + __
2
​  ​ +  
1 ​ ​ (1 – x sin x)
t
10. Ú​ ____________
  
   dx
x(1 – x3e3 cos x)
 ​

( 1
​ 1 – __
   
  
)
​  2 ​  ​dt
t
= Ú ​ _____________________
__________  ​
(1 – x sin x)ecos x
= Ú​ ________________    ​ dx
  
( 1
)÷(
​ t + ​  ​ + 2 ​​ ​ t + __
__
t
1
​  ​ +  
t )
1 ​ ​ xecos x(​ 1 – (xecos x)3 )​

(
1
Let ​ t + __ )
​  ​ + 1 ​ = v2 fi sec2xdx = dt
t

dt
= Ú ​ _______
t(1 – t3)
 ​, Let t = xex

v dv
= – 2Ú ________
​  2 dt
(v + 1)v = Ú _______
​ 
t(1 – t3)
dv
 ​ = – 2Ú ​ _______  ​
2 dt
(v + 1)  ​ = Ú _______
​  3
t(t – 1)
= – 2 tan– 1(v) + c
1 3t2
= ​ __ ​ Ú ________
________

1
= – 2tan– 1 ​ ​ t + __ (÷
​  ​ + 1 ​  ​ + c
t )  ​ ​  3 3
3 t (t – 1)
 ​dt

1 1 dv
where t = x + __​ x ​ ​   ​ Ú _______
= __ ​   ​, where v = t3
3 v(v – 1)

9.
tan x
Ú ______
–1
​  4  ​ dx
x

1
= __
3 | |
v –1
​   ​ log ​​ _____
v ​  ​ + c

tan– 1(tan q ) 2
Let x = tan q fi dx = sec2xdq
1
= __
| |t3 – 1
​   ​ log ​ ______
3
 ​  3 ​  ​ + c
t
Ú
| |
= __________
​     ​ sec q dq (xex)3 – 1
1
tan4q   = __
​   ​ log ​ ________
​   ​  ​ + c
3 (xex)3
q sec2q
= Ú _______
​  4 ​ dq (1 + x cos x)
11. Ú​_____________
  
    ​dx
tan q  x(1 – x2e2sin x)
sec2q 1 dq (1 + x cos x)esin x
= q Ú _____ ​   ​ Ú _____
​  4  ​ dq + __ ​  = Ú ​ _______________    ​dx
  
tan q 3 tan3q
xesin x(1 – (xesin x )2)
q 1 dq
 ​ = –  ​ ______ ​   ​ Ú _____
 ​+ __ ​   ​ dt
3 tan3q 3 tan3q = Ú ​ _______  ​, where t = xesin x
t(1 – t2)
q 1 cos3q
= –  ​ _______ ​   ​ Ú _____
 ​ + __ ​   ​ dq
dt
= Ú ​ _______
3 tan q3 3 sin3q t(1 – t2)
q 1 (1 – sin2q)cosq 1 2t dt
= –  ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ________
3Ú
= –  ​ _______  ​ 
+ __
​   ​  ​  _____________
 ​ dq
    ​
3 tan3q sin3q 2 t2(t2 – 1)
1.146 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

1 dv a + sin a
 ​ = –  ​ __ ​ Ú _______
​   ​, where v = t2
tan x cos
= ​ _______________
______  
 ​    + c
2 v(v – 1) ​ 2cos a ​
÷

Ú ​( 3x2tan ​( __​ 1x ​ )​ – x sec2  ​( __​ 1x ​ )​ )​ dx

1
= __
2 | |
​ 
v
​   ​ log ​ _____
v –1
 ​  ​ + c 14.

1
() 1 1
( )( )
| |
1 t2 ​ x ​  ​ Ú (3x2)dx – Ú sec2 ​ __
= tan ​ __ ​ x ​  ​ ​ – ​ __2 ​  ​ (x3) dx
= __
​   ​ log ​ _____
​  2  ​  ​ + c x
2 t –1
()
1
– Ú x sec2  ​ __

| |
​ x ​  ​ dx + c
1 (xesin x)2
= __
​   ​ log ​ __________
​  sin x 2    ​  ​ + c
2 (xe ) – 1
() 1 1
​ x ​  ​ + Ú x sec2 ​ __
= x3 tan ​ __ () 1
​ x ​  ​ dx – Ú x sec2 ​ __
​ x ​  ​ dx + c()
dx   
12. Ú___________
​
= x tan ​( __
​ x ​ )​ + c
2sin x + sec x 1 3

cos x
 ​ = Ú ​ _________  ​dx __________
sin 2x + 1  ​÷3cos 2x   
– 1  ​
15. Ú ​ ___________
cos x    ​  dx
1 2cos x
​   ​ Ú _________
= __ ​   ​dx 3cos_________
2x – 1
2 sin 2x + 1 = Ú​ ______________
       ​dx
cos x ÷
​ cos 2x – 1  ​
1 (sin x + cos x) + (cos x – sin x)
​   ​ Ú​ _________________________
= __          ​dx 3(2cos2x – 1)
2 (sin x + cos x)2 = Ú​ _______________
      ​dx
__________
cos x ​÷3cos 2x   
– 1 ​
1 dx 1 cos x – sin x
​   ​ Ú ​ ____________
2 (sin x + cos x) 2 Ú (sin x + cos x)2
= __     ​+ __
​   ​  ​ ____________
      ​ cos x dx
= 6Ú ​ ________________
       ​dx – 4Ú _______________
_______________ ​      ​dx
_________
÷​ 3(1 – 2sin x)  
2
– 1 ​ cos ÷
x​ 3cos2x – 1 ​  
p

1
= ____
2​÷2 ​
(
​  __ ​ Ú cosec ​ x + __
4 )
1 cos x – sin x
​   ​ Ú​ ____________
​   ​  ​ dx + __
2 (sin x + cos x)2
    ​dx
   __ cosx
= 3​÷2 ​ Ú ____________
​  __________
   dx ​ 
cos x_________
dx
 ​ – 4Ú ___________________
    ​
  
÷​ (1 – 3sin  x  ​
2
(1 – sin x)​÷1 – 3sin2x ​
2

1
= ____
2​÷2 ​ | x p
(
​  __ ​ log ​ tan ​ __
​   ​ + __
2 8 )| 1
​   ​  ​  ​ –  ​ ___________
    ​ + c
(sin x + cos x) __ cos x
= ​÷6 ​Ú ​ ______________
____________
cos x_________
dx
    ​ dx – 4Ú ___________________
​      ​
  

÷( ) (1 – sin x)​÷1 – 3sin2x​

1 2 2
dx ​ ​​ ___
​  __ ​  ​​ ​ – sin2
x  ​
13. Ú ​ ______________________
      ​
_________________
cos x ​ sin(2x + a) +  
sin a ​ ÷
​ 3 ​
  
÷
__ __ cos x_________
dx
​ 6 ​sin– 1(​÷3 ​sin x) – 4Ú ___________________
= ÷ ​       ​
  
dx
= Ú __________________________________
​            ​
_____________________________ (1 – sin x)​÷1 – 3sin2x ​
2
cos x​÷sin(2x)cos a     
+ cos(2x)sina + sin a   ​
__ __ dt______
​ 6 ​ sin– 1(​÷3 ​ sin x) – 4Ú ​ ______________
= ÷   
dx (1 – t )​÷1 – 3t2  
= Ú __________________________________
2
​      
  
____________________________  ​
cos x​÷sin (2x) cos a    
+ (1 + cos (2x) sin a  ​
 ​ where t = sin x
dx  ​
= Ú _______________________________
 ​      
  
_________________________
__ __ y dy
​ 6 ​sin– 1(​÷3 ​ sin x) + 4Ú _____________
= ÷ ​      ​
______
cos x ​÷2sin x cos x cos    
a + 2cos2x sina   (y – 1)​÷y2 – 3  ​
2

1 dx
 ​ ​  __ ​ Ú _____________________
= ___ ​        ​
________________ where t = 1/y
÷ 2
​ 2 ​ cos x​÷tan x cos a +   
 ​ sin a   ​ 
__ __ v dv
1 sec2x dx ​ 6 ​ sin– 1(​÷3 ​ sinx) + 4 Ú ________
= ÷ ​  2 ,​ v2 = y2 – 3
​  __ ​ Ú ​ ________________
= ___       ​
_______________ (v + 2)v
​ 2 ​ ​÷tan x cos a +   
÷ sin a  ​ __ __ dv
2
​ 6 ​sin– 1(​÷3 ​sinx) + 4 Ú _______
= ÷ ​  2  ​
Let tan x cos a + sin a = t (v + 2)
__ __ __

1
= _______
​  __
​ 2 ​ cos a
÷
2t dt
 ​ Ú ____
​ 
t
= ÷
÷
v
​ 6 ​sin– 1(​÷3 ​ sin x) + 2​÷2 ​ tan– 1 ​ ___
​  __ ​  ​ + c
​ 2 ​ ( )
______

 ​ ​  __
1
= _______
​ 2 ​cos a
÷
 ​ Ú dt
__ __ y2 – 3
​ 6 ​sin– 1(​÷3 ​ sin x) + 2​÷2 ​ tan– 1​ ​ ​ _____
= ÷
2
__
 ​  ​  ​ + c (÷ )
 Indefinite Integrals 1.147
_________
__ __ cos2x – 3
= ​÷6 ​sin (​÷3 ​sinx) + 2​÷2 ​tan ​ ​  ​ ________
–1
2
__
 ​  ​  ​ + c –1
(÷ ) ​ 2t dt
= – Ú ________
(t2 + 1)t3

​ dt
 ​ = – 2Ú ________
16.
( )[ ( )
​ 
1–x
1
Ú ​ _____8
​ 
1+x
2x
 ​  ​ ​ cos– 1 ​ _____ 2
​ 
2x
 ​  ​ + tan– 1 ​ _____
1 – x2 ( )]
 ​  ​   ​ dx (t2 + 1)t3

dx
= Ú ​ _______
p
 ​ ​ __ (
​   ​ – 2 tan– 1x + 2 tan– 1x ​dx ) t
1
 ​ = – 2Ú ​ __
(
​  2 ​ – _____
​  2
t +1
1
)
 ​  ​ dt
(1 – x ) 2
8

p dx
​   ​ Ú ​ _______
= __
1
t (
= – 2Ú ​ – ​ __​ – tan– 1t ​ + c )
(÷ )
2 (1 – x8) _________

p dx
1
= 2 ​ ________
1
​  _______  ​+ tan– 1 ​ ​ x + __
1
(÷
​ x ​ + 1  ​  ​  ​ + c )
​   ​ Ú ​ _____________
 ​ = __     ​ ​ x + __
​ x ​ 1  ​
2 (1 – x4)(1 + x4)
cos4x
p
= __
4 [ dx
​   ​ ​ Ú ​ _______
4
(1 – x )
dx
 ​+ Ú ​ ______
4
x +1
 ​  ​
] 18. Ú ___________________
​
3 5
     ​
  
5 3/5
sin x(sin x + cos x)

[( ]
4
cos
  x     ​dx
= Ú _______________
)
2
p 1 1 + 1) – (x2 + 1)
(x_______________ ​
​   ​ ​ Ú ​ ______
= __ ​   ​
+ ______
​   ​  ​ + Ú ​    
 ​ 
   ​ dx sin6x(1 + cot5x)3/5
8 1 – x2 1 + x2 x4 + 1

[Ú ( ]
4 2
​cos x cosec  
= Ú _____________ x dx ​
p
= ​ __ ​ ​
8
1
​ ______
​   ​
+ ​ 
1 – x2 1 + x2
1
______ ​  ​ + Ú​_______
x4 + 1
 ​
–
)
(x2 + 1)
(x2 + 1) _______
​ 
x4 + 1
 ​  ​dx
  
5 3/5
(1 + cot x)
4
and then you do it. ​ t dt  ​,
= Ú _________ Let cot x = t
(1 + t5)3/5
2 3
x –x
17. Ú​ __________________
  
     ​ dx
(x + 1)(x3 + x2 + x)3/2
1 5t4dt
= – ​ __ ​ Ú _________
​   ​
5 (1 + t5)3/5
x2(1 – x)
= Ú​___________________
   
    ​dx Let (1 + t5) = y5
1
(x + 1)x3 ​​ x + __
3/2
(
​ x ​ + 1 ​​ ​ ) fi 5t4dt = 5y4dy
(1 – x)
= Ú​__________________
  
     ​dx 4
1 5y dy
1
x(x + 1)​​ x + __ (
3/2
​ x ​+ 1 ​​ ​ ) = – ​ __ ​ Ú _____
5
​  3 ​
y
(1 – x2)
= Ú​___________________
  
     ​dx = – Ú y dy
1
x(x + 1)2 ​​ x + __
3/2
( )
()
​ x ​+ 1 ​​ ​
y2
= – ​ __
​   ​  ​ + c
2
(1 – x2)
= Ú​________________________
  
     ​dx
1
x(x2 + 2x + 1)​​ x + ​ __
3/2
x ​ + 1 ​​ ​  ( )
1
= – ​ __ ​ (1 + t5)2/5 + c
2
(1 – x2) 1
= Ú​________________________
  
     ​ dx = – ​ __ ​ (1 + cot5x)2/5 + c
2 1
__ ( 1
x ​ x + ​ x ​ + 2 ​ ​​ x + __ )(
3/2
​ x ​ + 1 ​​ ​ ) 2
3
sin x dx
Ú _________________________________
​ 1 – __
x
1

= Ú ​ ______________________
   
  
(
​  2 ​  ​dx
)
 ​
19. ​
4
   
2
    
–1
(cos x + 3cos x + 1) tan (sec x + cos x)
1
(
​ x + ​ x ​+ 2 ​ ​​ x + __
__ 1
)( 3/2
​ x ​ + 1 ​​ ​ )  ​
(1 – cos2x) sin x dx
= Ú​_________________________________
      ​
   
(cos4x + 3cos2x + 1) tan– 1(sec x + cos x)
(
1
Let ​ x + __
​ x ​ + 2 ​ = t2) (1 – t2)dt
= – Ú​______________________
fi ​ 1 – __
( 1
)
​  2 ​  ​ dx = 2t dt
x

4 2
     ​, where cos x = t
  
1
(t + 3t + 1)tan= 1 ​ t + __ (
​  ​  ​
t )
1.148 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

(
1
​ 1 – __
)
​  2 ​  ​ dt
t
= Ú ​ _____________________
   
    ​

dy
= 2Ú _______
​
2
4y – 2
1
 ​ , y = t + __
​  ​
t

( 2
t
1
__
) ( ) 1
​ t + ​  2 ​ + 3 ​ tan= 1​ t + __
​  ​  ​
t
dy
= Ú ​_______  ​
2
2y – 1

​ 1 – __
( )
= Ú ​ ______________________
t
1
​  2 ​  ​dt
   
    ​

1 dy
​   ​ Ú ___________
= __ ​
2 y – (1/​÷2 ​)2
2
  
__  ​

(( 1
__ 2
) ) ( =1 1
__
)
| |
​ ​​ t + ​  ​  ​​ ​ + 1 ​tan ​ t + ​  ​  ​ __
t t 1 y​÷2 ​ – 1
= ____
​  __ ​ log ​ _______
​  __  ​ ​ + c

dy
= Ú ____________
​
1
  ​ , where ​ t + __
​  ​  ​ = y ( ) 2​÷2 ​ y​÷2 ​ + 1

| |
(y + 1)tan– 1y
2 t

1
= ____
( )
1 __
​ t + __
​  ​  ​ ​÷2 ​ – 1
t
​  __ ​ log ​ ​  ____________
​dv
= Ú ___ –1
v ​, where tan (y) = v
  
    ​  ​ + c
2​÷2 ​
( __
)
1 __
​ t + ​  ​  ​ ​÷2 ​ + 1
t
​dv
= Ú ___

| |
v​
__
1 (tan x + cot x)​÷2 ​ – 1
= ____
​  __ ​ log ​ ​ __________________
  
  
__  ​   ​ + c
= log |v| + c 2​÷2 ​ (tan x + cot x)​÷2 ​ + 1

| 1
= log ​ tan– 1 ​ t + __
t( )|
​  ​  ​  ​ + c
21.
x2(x sec2x + tan x)
Ú​_______________
  
  
2
 ​dx
= log |tan– 1(cos x + sec x)| + c (x tan x + 1)
(x sec2x + tan x)
____
​____________
÷
____
cot x ​– ​÷ tan x ​ = x2 Ú ​_____________
   ​ x
   ​dx + 2Ú ________  ​dx
20. Ú​   
   ​dx
4 + 3sin 2x
(x tan x + 1)2 x tanx + 1
x2 x
    ​+ 2Ú ​________
= – ​ __________

( )
 ​dx
tan x – 1
= Ú ​ ​ ______________________
  
     ​  ​ dx (x tan x + 1) x tanx + 1
÷
____
( ( 2tan x
​ tan x ​ ​ 4 + 3 ​ ________
​ 
1 + tan2x
​  ​  ​
))
x2
(x tan x + 1)
​ x cos x   ​ dx
    ​+ 2 Ú ___________
= – ​ __________
x sin x + cos x

( ÷
____
(tan x – 1)sec2x
= Ú ​ ​ _______________________
   
    ​  ​ dx
​ tan x ​ ​( 4 + 4tan2 x + 6tan x )​ )
x2
= – ​ __________
    ​+ 2log|x sinx + cos x| + c
(x tan x + 1)
___________

Ú( ) ÷
2 3
(t – 1)2t dt sin x – sin x
= ​​ ____________
      ​  ​ dt, where tan x = t 22. Ú ​ ___________
​     ​  dx
  
1 – sin3x
t(4t4 + 6t + 4)
_____________

÷
sin x(1 – sin2x)

((t2 – 1)dt
= 2Ú ​​ _____________
      ​  ​ dt
t(4t4 + 6t2 + 4) ) = Ú ​ _____________
​    
   dx
  
1 – sin3x
____
​ ​

( )
cos x​÷sin x ​
= Ú _________

(
​ 1 – __
1
)
​  2 ​  ​dt
t
= 2Ú ​​ ______________       ​  ​ dt
​ ________  ​dx
÷​ 1 – sin3x  ​

(( ) )
____
1
​ 4 ​ t2 + __
​  2 ​  ​ + 6 ​
cos x​÷sin x ​
= Ú ____________
​ ___________
  
    ​ dx
t
÷​ 1 – (sin3/2  
x)2 ​

(( ))
( )
1
​ 1 – __ ​  2 ​  ​dt Let (sin3/2x) = t
t
= 2Ú ​​ ___________________
   
    ​  ​ dt
{(
​ 4​ ​​ t + __
1 2
)
​  ​  ​​ ​ – 2 ​ + 6 ​
t }
3
fi ​ __ ​ sin1/2x cos x dx = dt
2

( )
2
fi sin1/2x cos x dx = __ ​   ​ dt

( )
​ 1 – __
1
​  2 ​  ​ dt
t
= 2Ú ​​ _____________       ​  ​ dt 2 _____ dt
3

​   ​ Ú ​ ______
= __
(( 1 2
​ 4​​ t + __ ) )
​  ​  ​​ ​ – 2 ​
t

3 ÷ ​ 1 – t2  ​
 Indefinite Integrals 1.149

Ú ex ​​( ​  _____
x + 4)
x+2 2
2
 ​ = ​ __ ​ sin– 1(t) + c 25.  ​  ​​ ​ dx
3

x
2
= __
​   ​ sin– 1(sin3/2x) + c
3
2

(
(x + 2)2
= Ú ex ​ _______
​ 
(x + 4)2
 ​  ​ dx
)
e (2 – x)
23. Ú ​ ____________
    
______
(1 – x)​÷1 – x   ​
2
 ​dx

(
x2 + 4x + 4
= Ú ex ​ __________
​    
(x + 4)2
 ​  ​ dx
)

{
{1 + (1 – x)}2
= Ú ex  ​ _____________
​    
   ​  ​dx
______
(1 – x)​÷1 – x2 ​ } _____

(
x2 + 4x
(x + 4)
​ 
4
= Ú ex ​​ _______2  ​+ _______
(x + 4)2
 ​  ​ dx
)

{ ​ 
1 ______
= Ú ex ​ _____________
1+x
(1 – x)​÷1 – x  ​ 1 – x
2 ÷
    ​+ ​ ​ _____ ​ ​  ​ dx
}
(
x(x + 4)
= Ú ex ​ _______
​ 
4
 ​ + _______
​ 
(x + 4)2 (x + 4)2
 ​  ​ dx
)
______

Ú {÷ } ( )
1+x 1 ______ x 4
= ex​ ​ ​ _____  ​ ​+ _____________
​     ​  ​dx = Ú ex ​ ______
​   ​ + _______
​   ​  ​ dx
1 – x (1 – x)​÷1 – x2 ​ (x + 4) (x + 4)2
_____
(÷ ) 1+x
= ​ ex ​ ​ _____​ ​  ​ + c
1–x

______
​ 
x
(
= ex​ ______
(x + 4)
 ​  ​ + c )
dx ÷1 +  ​ dx8
24. Ú ​ ____________________
    ​
  
__________________ 26. Ú​ ​_______
x  ​
​÷sin(x + a )cos3 13
    (x – b ) ​ x

Put (x – b ) = t dx = dt = Ú​{ x– 13(1 + x8)1/2 }​dx

dt b+1 – 13 + 1 1
= Ú ​ __________________
       ​
________________ Here, _____
​   ​ + a = ​ _______
 ​ + ​ __ ​ = – 1
g 8 2
​÷sin(t + b + a   )cos3t ​
dt
= Ú ______________
​  _____________    ​, (given) Let (1 + x8) = x8t2
÷​ sin(t + q )cos3
  t ​
1
dt fi x8 = ______
​  2
= Ú ​ _________________________
        ​
_______________________ (t – 1)
​÷cos t(sin t ◊ cosq
3
   + cos t sinq ) ​ 2t
 ​ fi 8x dx = – ​ ______
7
 ​dt
dt (t2 – 1)
= Ú ______________________
​  ____________________
        ​
​÷cos t(tan t ◊ cosq
4
    + sinq )  ​  t
fi 4x7 dx = – ​ ______  ​dt
2
sec t dt (t2 – 1)
= Ú __________________
​  ________________
       ​
​ (tan t ◊ cosq +    ______
÷ sinq )  ​ 

÷
8

Let (tant ◊ cosq + sinq ) = v 2

= Ú ​ ​ 1_____
+x
x13
 ​  ​dx

sec2t cosq dt = 2v (x4t)

fi = Ú ​ ____  ​ × x7dx
x20
2v
fi sec2t dt = ​ _____
cosq t x7
= Ú ​ ___  ​ dx
2 v dv x16
cosq Ú v
 ​ = _____
​   ​ ____
​ 
1 t t
= –  ​ __ ​ Ú _______
​   ​ × –  ​ _______  ​dt
2v 4 _______ 1 (t 2
– 1)2
 ​ = ____
​   ​ + c ​  2  ​
cosq (t – 1)2
_____________
= 2secq ​÷cosq tan t +  
sinq ​ + c 1
= –  ​ __ ​ Ú t2 dt
4
= 2sec(a + b )
t3
______________________________ = –  ​ ___ ​ + c
​÷cos(a + b )tan(x
     – b ) + sin(a + b ) ​ + c 12
1.150 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

12 ( )
1 1 + x8 3/2
= –  ​ ___ ​ ​​ ​ _____
x8
 ​  ​​ ​ + c
ex(x + 1)
= Ú​___________
  
    ​dx
xex(1 + xex)2

dx dt
27. Ú ​ sin
___________    = Ú ​ _______2 ​, where xex = t
3
x + cos3x t(1 + t)

dt dt dt
   dx
 ​ = Ú ________________________
​      ​
(sin x + cos x)(1 – sin x cos x)
= Ú __
​  ​ – Ú ______
t (t + 1) Ú (1 + t)2
​   ​ –  ​ ______

1
( 2
​   ​ Ú ​ ____________
= __ ​ 
sin x + cos x
    ​– ​ _____________
3 (sin x + cos x) (1 – sin x cos x)
    ​  ​dx
   )  ​
| |
​ 
t+1
t
= log ​ ____ ​ 
1
 ​  ​ + ______
(t + 1)
 ​+ c

where t = xex
2 dx 1 sin x + cos x
​   ​ Ú ​ ____________
3 (sin x + cos x) 3 Ú (1 – sin x cos x)
= __     ​– __
​   ​  ​ _____________
    ​dx
   ____________

÷
sin x
30. Ú ​ 2sin
____________
​      ​ ​dx
  
x + 3cosx
2 dx 2 sin x + cos x
​  __ ​ Ú ​ ___________
= ____     ​– __ ​   ​ Ú ​ ________________
      ​dx dx
p = Ú ​ __________
3​÷2 ​ (sin ​ x + __
(
​   ​  ​
4
3
) (1 + (sin x – cos x)2)
÷
    ​
_________
​ 2 + 3cot x ​
p
2__
= ​   ​Úcosec ​ x + __
____
3​÷2 ​ 4 ( 2
) sin x + cos x
​   ​  ​ dx –  ​ __ ​ Ú​ ________________
       ​dx
3 (1 + (sin x – cos x)2)
Let 2 + 3cot x = t2

fi – 3cosec2x dx = 2t dt
2
= ____
3​÷2 ​ | x p
​  __ ​ log ​ tan ​ __
​   ​ + __
2 8
______
( 2
3 )|
​   ​  ​  ​ –  ​ __ ​ tan– 1 (sin x – cos x) + c
fi
2t dt
dx = – _______
​  4
3(t + 1)
(​ x + ÷​ 1 + x2 ​  )​ 3
28. Ú ​_____________
______  
 ​
   dx 2 t dt
 ​ = – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ _______
÷​ 1 + x2 ​ 3 (t4 + 1)t
______
Let (x + ÷
​ 1 + x2 ​) = t 2 dt
 ​ = – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ______
3 (t4 + 1)

(
fi ​ 1 + _______
x
÷​ 1 + x2 ​ )
​  ______  ​  ​ dx = dt
3 (
2
1 (t + 1) – (t – 1)
2
 ​ = – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ​ _______________
   ​ 
   ​ dt
)
(t4 + 1)

( )
______
x+÷
Ú( ) ( )
​ 1 + x2 ​
fi ​ ___________
​  ______   
 ​  ​ dx = dt 1 (t + 1)
2
1 (t – 1)
2

÷​ 1 + x2 ​ = – ​ __ ​   ​ _______

​  4 ​   ​ Ú ​ ​ ______
 ​  ​ dt + __  ​  ​ dt
3 (t + 1) 3 (t4 + 1)

( )
( ) ( )
t
fi ​ _______
​  ______  ​  ​ dx = dt
÷​ 1 + x2 ​
1 ( 1
​ 1 + __
​  2 ​  ​
t 1
= – ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ​ _______  ​  ​dt + __
) ​ 1 – __
1
(
​  2 ​  ​
t
​   ​ Ú ​ ​ _______  ​  ​ dt
)

( dx
fi ​ _______
÷​ 1 + x  ​
2 ) dx
​  ______  ​  ​ = ___
​  ​
t
3 2
( __1
​ t + ​  2 ​  ​
t
3
) ​ t2 + __
1
(
​  2 ​  ​
t )

( ( )
) ( ( )
)
dt
= Út3 × __
​  ​ ​ 1 + __
1
​  2 ​  ​ ​ 1 – __
1
​  2 ​  ​
t
1 t 1 t
= –  ​ __ ​ Ú ​​ __________ ​   ​ Ú ​ ​ _______2 ​ – 2 ​ dt
    ​  ​ dt + __
= Út2dt
3
(1
​​ t – __
2
)
​  ​  ​​ ​ + 2
t
3
( 1
​​ t + __
​  ​  ​​ ​
t )

| |
( )
t3 1 __
= __
​   ​ + c ​ t + __
​  ​  ​ – ​÷2 ​
3 1__ – 1
= –  ​ ____
1
 ​ tan  ​ t – __ ( 1
​  ​  ​ + ____ ) t
​  __ ​ log ​ ___________
​    
   __ ​ ​ + c

(x + ÷
_____
​ 1 + x2 ​)3
= ____________
​   ​
   + c
3​÷2 ​ t 6​÷2 ​ 1
__
t (
​ t + ​  ​  ​ + ÷
​ 2 ​ )
3 _________
where t = ÷
​ 2 + 3cot x ​
(x + 1)
29. Ú​ _________
    ​dx cos 4x + 1
x(1 + xex)2 31. Ú ​ cot
__________
  
   ​ dx
x – tan x
 Indefinite Integrals 1.151
2cos2x 2x dx sec6x dx
= Ú ​ ___________  
   = Ú ​ ________  ​
cos2x – sin2x
___________ tan6x + 1
​    ​
  
sin x cos x
(1 + tan2x)2sec2x
2cos2x 2x dx = Ú ​ _______________
  
   ​dx
 ​ = Ú ​ ___________
  
   tan6x + 1
2cos 2x
_________
​ 
2sin x cos x (1 + t2)2
= Ú ​ _______ ​dt, where t = tan x
 ​ = Ú cos 2x sin 2x dx t6 + 1
 ​
(1 + t2)2

1
​   ​ Ú 2cos 2x sin 2x  dx
= __ = Ú ​ ________________
      ​dt
2 (t2 + 1)(t4 – t2 + 1)
1
= ​ __ ​ Ú sin (4x) dx (1 + t2)
2 = Ú​ ___________
   ​ dt
(t4 – t2 + 1)
1
= – ​ __ ​ cos (4x) + c

cos3x + cos5x
8

(
​ 1 + __
1
)
​  2 ​  ​
t
= Ú ​ ___________     ​dt
32. Ú​____________
   ​ dx
  
sin2x + sin4x ( 2 1
__
 ​ t + ​  2 ​ – 1 ​
t )

cosx (cos2x + cos4x)
= Ú​_________________
  
  
(sin2x + sin4x)
 ​dx

(
​ 1 + __
= Ú ​ ____________
1
)
​  2 ​   ​
t
      ​dt

(1 – t2) + (1 + t4)2
= Ú  ​ _______________
 ​
  
   dt,   where sin x = t
(( 1
​ ​​ t – __ ) 2
​  ​  ​​ ​ + 1 ​ 
t )
t4 + t2

2 – 3t2 + t4
(1
= tan– 1 ​ t – __ )
​  ​  ​ + c
t
= Ú __________
​  4     ​dt
t + t2 = tan– 1(tan x – cot x) + c

= (
Ú ​ 1 +​  ________
2
–  4t + 2
t4 + t2
 ​  ​dt) 34. Let f (x) = ax2 + bx + c
Given f (0) = f (1) = – 3 = 3 f (2)

Ú( )
–  4t2 – 4 + 6 On solving, we get
=  ​ 1 +​  ____________
   ​  ​ dt
t4 + t2 a = 1, b = – 1, c = – 3

( – 4t2 – 4 + 6
= Ú ​ 1 +​  ___________  
  
t2(t2 + 1)
 ​  ​ dt
) x2 – x – 3
Thus, I = Ú​  _______________
      ​dx
(x – 1)(x2 + x + 1)

( 4(t2 – 1)
= Ú ​ 1 –​  ________
2 2
6
 ​ + ________
​  2 2
t (t + 1) t (t + 1)
 ​  d​ t
) x2 – x – 3
Now, ​  _______________
      ​
(x – 1)(x2 + x + 1)
A Bx + C

( 4
= Ú ​ 1 – __
1
​  2 ​ + 6 ​ __
t ( 1
​  2 ​ – ______
t
​  2
t +1 ))
 ​  ​  ​ dt
= ______
​ 
(x – 1)
 ​ + ​ __________
    ​
(x2 + x + 1)
Solving, we get
Ú( t
2
=  ​ 1 + __ ​  2
t +1(1
​  2 ​ – 6 ​ ______
))
 ​  ​  ​ dt A = – 1, B = 2, C = 2
The given integral reduces to
( 2
= ​ 1 – __
​  ​ – 6tan– 1(t) ​ + c
t ) – Ú ______
2x + 2
​ dx  ​+ ​ _________  ​ dx
(x – 1) x2 + x + 1
= sin x – 2cosec x – 6tan– 1(sin x) + c
dx 2x + 1 dx
= – Ú ______
(x – 1) Ú x2 + x + 1
dx ​   ​+ ​ _________  ​dx + Ú _________
​  2  ​
33. Ú ​ ___________
   ​
sin6x + cos6x
x +x+1
1.152 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

dx sec4x dx
|
= – log|(x – 1)| + log ​ (x2 + x + 1) ​ + Ú ________
​  2
x + x +1
| = Ú ​ ____________
     ​
sec4x – 3tan2x

|
(x2 + x + 1)
 ​ = log ​ ​ __________
  
(x – 1)
​ 
1|
__
2
dx
 ​  ​ + _______________
2
(
   __
___
) ( )
​ 3 ​ 2
÷
​​ x + ​   ​  ​​ ​ + ​​ ​   ​  ​​ ​
2
 ​
(1 + tan2x)sec2x
= Ú ​ __________________
     ​dx
(1 + tan2x)2 – 3tan2x
(1 + t2)dt

|
(x2 + x + 1)
= log ​ ​ ___________
  
(x – 1)
 ​  ​ +
| 2
___
( 2x + 1
​  __ ​ tan– 1 ​ ______
÷
​ 3 ​ )
​  __ ​  ​ + c
​÷3 ​
= Ú ​ ____________
      ​
(1 + t2)2 – 3t2

Integer Type Questions

( t2 + 1
= Ú ​ ​ _________
t4 – t2 + 1
 ​  ​ dt)

(( ) )
1. The given integral is 1
1 + __
​  2 ​
t
= Ú ​ ​ __________     ​  ​dt
Ú ​cos x + cos
____________
  
  
2cos x – 1
2x
 ​ dx 2 1
__
​ t + ​  2 ​  ​ – 1
t

(( ) )
2
= Ú​2cos x + cos  
________________– 1 dx
x  
 ​  1
2cos x – 1 1 + __ ​  2 ​
t
(2cosx – 1)(2cosx + 1) = Ú ​ ​ ___________     ​ ​ dt
= Ú​____________________
     ​
   dx 1 2
​​ t + __
​  ​  ​​ ​ + 1
2cos x – 1 t
= Ú (cosx + 1)dx

( 1
= tan– 1 ​ t – __ )
​  ​  ​ + c
t
= sin x + x + c
= tan– 1(tan x – cot x) + c
Clearly, A = 1, B = 1
Clearly, L = 1, M = – 1
Hence, the value of A + B + 3 = 5.
2. The given integral is Hence, the value of L + M + 4 = 4.
dx 4. The given integral is
Ú ​ ___________
   ​
sin3x + cos3x x+1
Ú ​ _____ ​dx
dx x3 + x
= Ú ​ _________________________
        ​
(sin x + cos x)(1 – sin x cos x) x+1
= Ú​ ________  ​  dx
x(x2 + 1)
1
(
2
​   ​ Ú ​ ____________
= __ ​ 
3 (sin x + cos x)
   ​ +
(sin x + cos x)
​ _____________
   )
    ​  ​ dx
(1 – sin x cos x) dx
= Ú ​ _______
dx
 ​+ ________
​   ​
(x2 + 1) x(x2 + 1)
2
= __ ​  (
dx
​   ​ Ú ​ ___________
3 (sin x + cos x)
2
) (sin x + cos x)
​   ​ Ú ​ _______________
    ​  ​ + __
3 (2 – 2sin x cos x)
      ​dx 1
= tan– 1x + __
x2
​   ​ log ​ ______
2
​  2
x +1 | |
 ​  ​ + c
__
​÷2 ​ dx 2 (sin x + cos x)
​   ​Ú ​ __________
= ___     ​+ __ ​   ​Ú ​  ________________     2 dx ​ Clearly, L = 2, M = 2 and N = 2
p
3 sin ​ x + __
( )
​   ​  ​ 3 (1 + (sinx – cosx)
__ 4 L+M + N
Hence, the value of ​ ​ __________
 ​ 
   ​ = 2 ( )
÷
​ 2 ​
= ___
|
x 3p
​   ​ log ​ tan ​ __
3 (
​   ​ + ___
2 )|
​   ​  ​  ​ + __
8
2
​   ​ tan– 1(sin x + cos x) + c
3
5. The given integral is
2

Clearly, L = 3, M = 8, N = 2 and P = 2
Hence, the value of L + M – N – P = 7. ( sin x
Ú ​ ___________
​    ​  ​ dx
sin x + cos x )
​   ​ Ú ​( ___________
2 sin x + cos x )
3. The given integral is 1 2sin x
= __ ​    ​  ​ dx
dx
Ú ​ ___________
   ​

sin6x + cos6x
dx
= Ú ​ ______________
   ​

2 (
1 (sin x + cos x) + (sin x – cos x)
​   ​ Ú ​ ​ ________________________
= __    
sin x + cos x )
   ​  ​ dx

1 – 3sin2x cos2x
 Indefinite Integrals 1.153

1
= __
2 ( (cos x – sin x)
​   ​ Ú ​ 1 –​  ____________
  
   ​ ​ dx
sin x + cos x ) = tan– 1(x3 + x2 + 1) + c
Thus, L = 1, M = 3, N = 2, P = 1 and Q = 1
1
​   ​ Ú (x – log|sin x + cos x|) + c
= __ Hence, the value of L + M + N + P + Q = 8.
2
4
cos x
1
Clearly, A = __
1
​   ​ and B = –  ​ __ ​
8. Ú ________________
​  6        ​dx
sin x(1 + cot5x)3/5
2 2
Hence, the value of A + B + 1 is 1 4 2
​cos x cosec  
= Ú _____________
  x dx  ​

( )
5 3/5
x2 (1 + cot x)
6. The given integral is Ú ​ ________
​   ​  ​ dx
(2x + 3)2 t4dt
= – Ú ​ _________  ​, where cot x = t
Let 2x + 3 = t (1 + t5)3/5
1 5t4dt
fi 2dx = dt = –  ​ __ ​ Ú ​ _________  ​
5 (1 + t5)3/5
fi dx = 1/2dt
Put (1 + t5) = y5
2x = 3 – t
fi 5t4dt = 5y4dy
3–t
fi x =​  _____
 ​ 4
2 1 5y dy
= –  ​ __ ​ Ú ​ _____
 ​

(
​ 
x2
= Ú ​ ________
(2x + 3)2
 ​  ​ dx
)
5 y3
= – Ú y dy

1
= __
2
( 3–t 2
 ​​ _____
2
​   ​ Ú​_______
)
​   ​  ​​ ​
 ​ dt
()
y2
= – ​ __
​   ​  ​ + c
2
t2
1
1 (3 – t)
2 = –  ​ __ ​ (1 + t5)2/5 + c
​   ​ Ú​_______
= __  ​ dt 2
8 t2 1
2 = –  ​ __ ​ (1 + cot5x)2/5 + c
1 (t – 6t + 9) 2
​   ​ Ú​__________
= __  ​ dt
  

( )
8 t2 1 tan5x + 1 2/5
= –  ​ __ ​ ​​ ________
​  ​  ​​ ​ + c

1
8 ( 6 9
t t )
= ​ __ ​ Ú ​ 1 – ​ __​ + ​ __2 ​  ​ dt 2

Thus, L = 2, M = 2 and N = 5
tan5x

1
= __
8 ( 9
​   ​ Ú ​ t – logt – __
​  ​  ​ + c
t ) Hence, the value of L + M + N = 9
13
___
( )
1 9 b_____ ​   ​ + 1
+ 1 ______
= ​ __ ​ Ú ​ (2x + 3) – log (2x + 3) – _______
​   ​  ​ + c 9. Now, ​   ​ =​ 
2
 ​ = 3
8 (2x + 3) g 5
__
​   ​
(3 + 2x) 1 9 2
=​  ________​ + __
​  ​ log |3 + 2x | – ________
​   ​ + c
L M 8(2x + 3)
Put (1 + x5/2) = t3
Clearly, L = 8 and M = – 8
5
Hence, the value of L + M + 4 = 4. ​ __ ​ x3/2 = 3t2 dt
2
7. We have, 6
x3/2 = __
​   ​ t2dt
( 3x + 2x
Ú ​​ _________________________
    ​  ​ dx
  
2

x + 2x + x4 + 2x3 + 2x2 + 2
6 5 ) 5
Thus, the given integral reduces to
6
3x2 + 2x ​ __ ​ Ú (t3 – 1)2 ◊ t3/2 ◊ t2 dt
= Ú​  _____________________________
         ​dx 5
1 + (​ x + x + 1 + 2(x5 + x3 + x2) )​
6 4
6
​   ​ Ú (t6 – 2t3 + 1)t7/2 dt
= __
3x2 + 2x 5
= Ú ​ _______________
      ​dx
1 + (x3 + x2 + 1)2
6
​   ​ Ú (t19/2 – 2t13/2 + t7/2) dt
= __
5
1.154 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

= __ (
6 t21/2
​   ​ ​ ______
5 (21/2)
​   ​ – ​ 
2t15/2
______
(15/2)
 ​ + ​ 
t9/2
_____
(9/2) )
 ​  ​ + c

( t–a 2
b
Ú  ​ _______2
)
​​ ​ ____​  ​​ ​
1
 ​ × __
​  ​dt
b
t

( )
5/2 21/2
6 (1 + x ) 2(1 + x5/2)15/2 (1 + x5/2)9/2
= __
​   ​ ​​ __________ ​ – ​ ___________
    ​ + ​ __________
     
 ​  ​ + c 1 (t – a)
2
5 (21/2) (15/2) (9/2) = ​ __3 ​ Ú ​ _______
 ​ dt
b t2

(35
4
= ​ ___
​   ​ (1 + x5/2)21/2 ___
25
4
​  8  ​ (1 + x5/2)15/2 + ___
​   ​ (1 + x5/2)9/2 ​ + c
15 ) 1 t2 – 2ta + a2   
= ​ __3 ​ Ú  ​  __________
 ​
   dt
b t2
Clearly, L = 4, M = – 1 and N = 4
Hence, the value of L + M + N = 7
10. Do yourself.
b
1
( 2a a2
= ​ __3 ​ Ú  ​ 1 – ___
​  ​ + __
t
​  2 ​  ​ dt
t )
Qustions asked in Past IIT-JEE Examinations
1
( a2
= ​ __3 ​ ​ t – 2a log |t| – __
b
​  ​  ​ + c
t )
1. We have,
dx
Ú  ​ _______ ​ b
1
( ​ 
a2
= ​ __3 ​ ​ (a + bx) – 2a log |(a + bx)| – _______
(a + bx)
 ​  ​ + c )
1 – cot x
4. We have,
(​ 
sin x
= Ú  ​ __________   ​  ​ dx ) _________
x
()
÷
Ú  ​ 1 + sin ​  
sin x – cos x __
​   ​  ​ ​ dx
2

1
= __ ( ​ 
2sin x
​   ​ Ú  ​ __________
2 sin x – cos x
   ​  ​ dx )
÷
_________________
x
= Ú  ​ 1 + 2 sin ​ __ () ()
​   ​  ​ c  
4
x
os ​ __
​   ​  ​ ​ dx
4

2 (
1 (sin x – cos x) + (sin x + cos x)
= ​ __ ​ Ú ​ ​ _________________________
   
sin x – cos x
   ​ ​ dx ) = Ú  ​( sin ​( __
​   ​ )​ + cos ​( __
4
x
​   ​ )​ )​ dx
4
x

Ú( )
(sin x + cos x)
= 4​( – cos ​( __
1
= __
​   ​    ​ 1 + ​ ___________ ​   ​ )​ )​ + c
​   ​ )​  + sin ​( __
  
  ​  ​ dx x x
2 sin x – cos x
4 4
1 5. We have,
= __
​   ​ (x + log |sin x – cos x|) + c
2
x2
Ú  ​ ______
_____  ​dx
2. We have,  ​÷1 – x ​
x dx
Ú  ​ _____4 ​ (1 – t2)2
1+x = Ú  ​  _______​ × – 2 t dt,    where 1 – x = t2
t

1
= __
(
2 1 + (x2)2
2x
​   ​ Ú  ​ ​ _______
)
 ​  ​ dx
= – 2Ú  (1 – t2)2dt

1
= __
2 1 + t2( )​ 
dt
​   ​ Ú  ​ _____  ​  ​ = – 2Ú  (1 – 2t2 + t4)dt

1
= __
2
1
​   ​ tan– 1(t) + c = __
​   ​ tan– 1(x2) + c
2
2
3(
= – 2 ​ t – __
t5
​   ​ t3 + __
​   ​  ​ + c
5 )
3. We have,
2
( 2
= – 2 ​ (1 – x)1/2 – __
(1 – x)5/2
​   ​ (1 – x)3/2 + ​ ________
3 5
 ​  ​ + c )
x dx
Ú  ​ ________2 ​ 6. We have,
(a + bx)
Put a + bx = t Ú  (elog x + sin x) cos x dx
1
dx = ​ __​ dt fi
b = Ú  (elog x◊ sin x + sin x cos x) dx
–a
t____
also x = ​  ​
b
= Ú  (x◊ sin x + sin x cos x) dx
Thus, the given integral reduces to
 Indefinite Integrals 1.155

( sin2x
= Ú ​ x◊ sin x + _____
​   ​  ​ dx ) ( )q
sin ​ __
​   ​  ​
2

2 q
= 4 Ú  ​ _______ ​ × sin ​ __ ( ) ( ) q
​   ​  ​ cos ​ __
​   ​  ​ cos (q )dq

cos 2x
= x Ú  sin x dx + Ú  cos x dx –  ​ _____
4
 ​ + c ( )
cos ​ __
q
​   ​  ​
2
2 2

= 4 Ú sin  ​( __
​   ​ )​ cos (q ) dq
q 2
cos 2x
= – x cos x + sin x –  ​ _____
 ​ + c 2
4
= 2 Ú ​( 2sin  ​( __​   ​ )​ )​ cos(q ) dq
q 2
7. We have,
2

(x–1
)
Ú  ex ​ ​ _______3 ​  ​ dx
(x + 1) = 2 Ú (1 – cosq ) cos(q )dq

(
x+1 – 2
= Ú  ex ​ ________
​ 
(x + 1)2
 ​  ​ dx
) = 2 Ú (cos q – cos 2q ) dq

( 1 + cos 2q
= 2 Ú ​ cos q – ​ _________
 ​  ​ dq )

(
​ 
1
= Ú  ex ​ _______
(x + 1)2
–2
(1 + x) (
 ​ + ​ ​ _______3 ​  ​  ​ dx
)) = 2 Ú ​( sin q – __
1
2

​   ​ )​ )​ + c
​   ​ ​( q + ______
sin 2q
ex 2 2
= _______
​   ​ + c
(x + 1)2 = (2sinq – (q + sin 2q   cosq )) + c
8. We have, _____ __ __ _____
= 2​÷1 – x  ​– ​[ ​( cos– 1(​÷x ​) + ÷
​ x ​  ​÷1 – x ​ )​ ]​ + c
dx dx
Ú  ​ __________
    ​ = Ú  ​ ___________    ​
2 4
x (x + 1) 3/4
x5 ​ 1 + __
(
1 3/4
​  4 ​  ​
x ) 10. We have,

( )
__ __
sin– 1÷
​ x ​ – cos– 1÷

(
Let ​ 1 + __
1
)
​  4 ​  ​ = t4
x
Ú ​ ________________
 ​  – 1 __   
​ x​
__ ​  ​ dx
sin ​÷x ​ + cos– 1​÷x ​

( )
p
fi
4
– ​ __5 ​ dx = 4t3 dt
__
sin– 1​÷x ​ – ​ __
= Ú ​ _____________________
​     
2 ( __
​   ​ – sin– 1​÷x ​  ​ )
x p  ​ 
__
   ​ dx
1 ​   ​
fi ​ __5 ​ dx = – t3 dt 2
x p

t3
= – Ú ​ __3 ​ dt
2
​ p  ​Ú ​ 2sin– 1÷
= __ ( __
​ x ​ – __ ​   ​  ​ dx
2 )
t
4 __
​ p ​ Ú (sin– 1​÷x ​)dx – Ú dx
= __
= – Ú dt
4
= –t + c ​ p ​ Ú (q sin2q )dq – Ú dx
= __

(
= – ​​ 1 + __
1 1/4
)
​  4 ​  ​​ ​ + c
x
4
(
​ p ​ Ú ​ q Ú sin(2q ) dq +
= __ Ú ​( ______
​   ​ )​ dq
cos 2q
2 )​ – Ú dx
______
__ where x = sin2q
÷
1 –÷ ​ x​
9. We have – Ú  ​ ​ ________ ​ ​ dx
1 +÷ ​ x​

Let x = cos q 2
4
= __
2(
q cos 2q ______
​ p ​ Ú ​ – ​ _______
sin 2q
 ​ + ​   ​  ​ – x + c
4 )
( )
__ __ _____
4 sin– 1(​÷x ​)(1 – 2x2)  ​
÷x ​​÷1 – x ​
fi dx = – sin 2q dq = __
​ p ​  ​ –  ​ ________________
 ​   + ​ _________ ​  ​ – x + c
________ 2 2

÷
1 – cosq __ _____
= Ú  ​ ​ ________ ​ ​ × – sin (2q) dq 2 __
​ p ​  ​( – sin– 1(​÷x ​)(1 – 2x2) + ÷
= __ ​ x ​  ​÷1 – x ​ )​ – x + c
1 + cosq
_____

( )q
sin ​ __
​   ​  ​
2
= Ú  ​ _______ ​ × 2sin (q ) cos (q ) dq
÷
​ cos2x ​
11. We have Ú ______
​ 
sin x
​dx

( )
_________
q
cos ​ __​   ​  ​ ÷​ 1 – 2sin 2
x​
2 = Ú __________
​    ​dx
sin x
1.156 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

( )
________

÷
1 1
= Ú ​  ​ _______ ​  ​ dx 1 + __ ​  2 ​
2 t
sin x – 2 = 2Ú ​ ______
​   ​  ​ dt
__________ 1
t + __
2
​  2 ​
= Ú ​÷cosec2x   
– 2  ​dx t

(( ) )
________
1
= Ú÷
​ cot2x – 1  ​dx 1 + __ ​  2 ​ 
t
= 2Ú ​​ __________    ​  ​ dt
Let cot x = secq 1 2
__
​​ t – ​  ​  ​​ ​ + 2
t
fi – cosec2x dx = secq tanq dq dz
= 2Ú ​ _____
2
  secq tanq z +2
dx = –​ _________ ​ dq
cosec2x
secq tanq
 ​
1__ – 1 ___
= 2 ◊ ​ ___
​÷2 ​ ( )
z
 ​ tan  ​ ​  __ ​  ​ + c
​÷2 ​
= – ​ _________ ​ dq
( ( ))
__
1 + cot2x
1
= ​÷2 ​ tan– 1 ​ ___
1
​  __ ​ ​ t – __
​  ​  ​  ​ + c
÷
​ 2 ​ t
  secq tanq
= –​ _________ ​ dq
( )
__ 1
1 + sec2x = ​÷2 ​ tan– 1 ​ ___
​  __ ​ (tan x – cot x) ​ + c
÷
​ 2 ​
secq
= –  ​ ________  ​dq 13. We have
cos2q + 1

tanq ◊ sinq
= – Ú ​ _________
cos2q + 1
 ​dq (
4ex + 6e– x
I = Ú ​ _________
​  x
9e + 4e– x
​  ​ dx )
sin2q 4ex + 6e– x = m(9ex – 4e– x) + n(9ex + 4e– x)
= – Ú ​ ______________
       ​ dq
cosq (cos2q + 1) Comparing the co-efficients of ex and e– x, we get
4 3
2 m + n = __
​   ​ and n – m = __
​   ​
​ sin q ◊ cosq
= – Ú ______________
      ​ dq 9 2
cos2q (cos2q + 1) Solving, we get,
t2 n = 35/36 and m = – 19/36.
= – Ú ​ ____________
    ​dt,   where sin q = t
(1 – t2)(2 – t2) The given integral reduces to

t2
= – Ú ​ ____________
    ​dt
(t2 – 1)(t2 – 2)
19
36
35 9ex + 4e– x
– ​ ___ ​ Ú dx + ___ (
​   ​  Ú ​ _________
​ 
36 9ex – 4e– x
​ ​ dx )

(
= – Ú ​ _____ ​ 
1
​ 2  ​ – _____
t2 – 2 t2 – 1
 ​  ​ dt
)
19
36
35
= – ​ ___ ​x + ___
​   ​ log ​| 9ex – 4e– x |​ + c
36

Ú( )
= –  ​ _____
​  2
t –2
2
​  2
t –1( )
 ​  ​ dt + Ú ​ _____
1
 ​  ​ dt
19 35
= – ​ ___ ​x + ___
36 |
9e2x – 4
​   ​ log ​ ​ _______
36 ex
​  ​ + c
|
| |)
__
( 1
= – ​ 2◊ ____
2​÷2 ​
t– ÷
t+÷
​ 2 ​
​ __ ​ log​ ​ ______
__ ​  ​  ​ +
​ 2 ​
1
__
2 | | t– 1
​   ​ log ​ ​ ____ ​  ​ + c
t +1
19
36
35 35
​   ​ log ​| 9e2x – 4 |​ – ___
= – ​ ___ ​x + ___
36
​   ​ log |ex| + c
36

where t = sinq (
19
= –  ​ ___
​   ​ +
36
35
___
) 35
​   ​ log ​| 9e2x – 4 |​ + c
​   ​  ​ x + ___
36 36
12. We have,
3 35
____ ____ = – ​ __ ​ x + ___
​   ​ log |9e2x – 4| + c
Ú (​÷tan x ​ + ​÷cot x ​)dx 2 36

( tan x + 1
= Ú ​ ________
​  ____ ​  ​ dx
​ tan x ​
÷ ) 14. ( ​  1/3
1
Ú ​ ________
x + x1/4
​  __
log(1 + x1/6)
 ​ + ___________   
  
​÷x ​ + x1/3
 ​  ​ dx )
= Ú ​( ​ _____​ )​ ​ _____  ​dt
2
t + 1 2t
= I1 + I2 (say)
t 4
t +1

( )
t2 + 1
= 2Ú ​ ______
​  4
t +1
 ​  ​ dt
dx
Now, I1 = Ú ​ _________
x1/3 + x1/4
 Indefinite Integrals 1.157

t11 dt
 ​ = 12 Ú ​ _____
t + t3
4
 ​, where x = t12
cos q + sin q
I = cos 2q log ​ ___________
​  (
   ​ ​ dq
cos q – sin q )
​ 
t8 dt
= 12Ú ____
t+1
(
cos q + sin q
cos q – sin q Ú
= log ​ ___________
​     ​ ​  cos (2q) dq )
( )
8
(t – 1) + 1
 ​ = 12Ú ​ ​ __________
t+1
  
 ​  ​ dt
1
2 ( cosq – sinq
– ​ __ ​ Ú sin (2q) ◊ ​ ___________
​ 
cosq + sinq ) (
cosq + sinq
   ​ ​ + ​ ​ ___________
   ​ ​ dq
cosq – sinq )
( ​ 
t+1
1
= 12Ú ​ t7 + t6 + t5 + t4 + t3 + t2 + t + ____  ​  ​ dt ) (
cosq + sinq _____
= log ​ __________
​ 
cosq – sinq
sin 2q
   ​ ​ ​ ​   ​  ​
2 )( )
(
t
= 12Ú ​ __
8
8
t
​   ​ + __
7
7
t
​   ​ + __
6
t
​   ​ + __
6
t5
​   ​ + __
5
t4
​   ​ + __
4
t3
​   ​ + __
3
2
​   ​ + log|t + 1| ​ + c
2 )
2
1 sin(2q) ◊ 2 (sin q + cos q)
2
= –  ​ __ ​ Ú _____________________
​        
 ​ ◊ dq
2 cos2q – sin2q
log (1 + x1/6)
Let I2 = Ú ​ ___________
  
    ​dx
x1/2 + x1/3 ( ) (
sin 2q
= ​ _____
2
cosq + sinq
​ 
cosq – sinq ) sin (2q)
   ​ ​ – Ú _______
​   ​  ​ × log ​ __________ ​ 
cos (2q)
 ​ ◊ dq
log(1 + t) 5
= 6Ú ​ _________  ​t dt, where x = t 6
 ​  ​ × log ​( __________
cosq – sinq )

= (​ ​ _____
2 )
sin 2q cosq + sinq
t3 + t2 ​     ​ ​
t3log(1 + t)
= 6 Ú __________
​    
 ​dt 1
​ __ ​ log ​| sec (2q) |​ + c
t+1 2
16. We have,
(t3 – 1 + 1)log(1 + t)
= 6 Ú ​ __________________
t+1
 ​
      dt
(
cos3x + cos5x
Ú ​ ____________
​  2   ​  ​ dx
  
sin x + sin4x )
( )
3
(t – 1)log(1 + t) log(1 + t)
= 6Ú ​ _______________
​ 
t+1
 ​   – _________
   ​ 
(1 + t)
 ​  ​ dt
(
cos2x + cos4x
= ​ ____________
​  2    ​  ​ cos x dx
  
sin x + sin4x )
( log (1 + t)
= 6 Ú ​ (t2 – t + 1) log (1 + t) –​  _________
(1 + t)
 ​  ​ dt ) (
(1 – sin2x) + (1 – sin2x)2
= Ú ​ ​ _____________________
   
sin2x + sin4x
   ​ ​ cos x dx )
[ ]
3 2
t
__ t
​   ​ – __
​   ​ + t

t3
= 6 ​ log (1 + t) ​ __ (
t__2
​   ​ –
3 2 ) 3
1+t
2
​   ​ + t ​ – Ú ​ _________ ​dt ​ = ​ ​ (1________________
t2 + t4
Ú(
– t2) + (1 – t2)2
 ​ 
      ​dt,    where t = sin x )
– 6 (log (1 + t))2 + c
Ú( )
4
((t + t2) + (2 – 4t2))
( )
3 2 = ​ __________________
​   ​ 
      ​ dt
t t
= 6 log (1 + t) ​ __
​   ​ – __
​   ​ + t – log (1 + t) ​ t 2
+ t 4
3 2

Ú( )
3 2 (2 – 4t2)
________
2t – 3t + 6 = ​ 1 +​   ​  ​dt
+ Ú ​___________   
 ​dt t 2
+ t 4
t+1
t3 t2
= 6 log (1 + t) ​ __ (
​   ​ – ​ __ ​ + t – log (1 + t) ​
3 2 ) (
2 (2t2 – 1)
= Ú ​ 1 – _________
​  2 2
t (t + 1)
 ​ ​ dt
)
( 1
+ Ú ​ 2t2 + 5t + 5 + ____
​ 
t+1
 ​  ​ dt ) (
​  2
4
= Ú ​ 1 – ______ ​  2 2
t + 1 t (t + 1)
2
 ​+ ________  ​   ​ dt
)
t3 t2
= 6 log (1 + t) ​ __
​   ​ – __
3 2 (
​   ​ + t – log (1 + t) ​ ) Ú(
= ​ 1 – _____
​  2
t +1
4 1 1
 ​ + 2​  ​ __2 ​ – ______
t
​ 
(t2 + 1)(
 ​  ​  ​ dt
))
( 2t3 5t2
+ ​ ___
​   ​ + ___
3 )
​   ​ + 5t + log (1 + t) ​ + c
2
( 2
= ​ t – 4 tan–1t – __
​  ​ – 2 tan–1t ​ + c
t )
where t = x1/6. ( 2
= ​ t – 6 tan t – ​ __​  ​ + c
–1
t )
15. We have, = (sin x – 6 tan–1(sin x) – 2cosec x) + c
1.158 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster

17. We have, 1 1 + sin x 1 1

= – ​ __ ​ ​Ú ​ ​_______ ​ dx – __
​   ​ ​Ú​ ​ ​ ________________    ​ dx
+1
Ú​ __________
    ​dx
x (1 + x ex)2
5 cos2 x 5 __________
(
​ ​ 
2 tan (x/2)
    ​ + 4 ​
1 + tan2 (x/2) )
1
(x + 1)e x = – ​ __ ​Ú​ ​(​ sec2 x + sec x tan x) dx
= Ú ​ ___________
      ​dx 5
x ex(1 + x ex)2 1 sec2 (x/2)
= – ​ __ ​Ú​ ​ _________________________
​   
    ​  dx
dt 5 (​ 4 tan2 (x/2) + 2 tan (x/2) + 4 )​
= Ú _______
​  2
 ​, Where t = x ex
t (1 + t) 1 1 dt
= – ​ __ ​ (tan x + sec x) – __
​   ​ ​Ú _________
​​ ​   ​

( )
1 1 1 5 5 2t2 + t + 2
= Ú ​ __
​  ​ – ​ ____  ​ – ​ ______2 ​  ​ dt
t t + 1 (t + 1) x
where tan ​ ​ __ ​  ​ = t
2 ()

| |
​ 
t+1
1
= log ​ ____ ​ 
1
 ​  ​ + ______
(t + 1)
 ​+ c and then you do it.
20. We have,

| x ex
= log ​ _______
​  x
xe + 1 | ​  x
1
 ​  ​ + ________
(x e + 1)
 ​+ c
(
cos x – sin x
Ú ​ __________
​  )
   ​  ​ (2 + 2sin 2x)dx
cos x + sin x
18. We have,
dx
Ú ______________
​  ____________
    ​
(
cos x – sin x
= 2 Ú ​ __________
​ 
cos x + sin x )
   ​  ​ × (cos x + sin x)2 dx

​÷(x – p)3(x   
– q) ​
= 2 Ú (cos2x – sin2x)dx
dx
= Ú _______________
​      ​ = 2 Ú cos (2x)dx
(x – p)3/2(x – q)1/2

dx
= Ú _______________
​      ​
(sin 2x
= 2 ​ _____
​   ​  ​ + c
2 )
(
(x – q) 1/2
2 _______
(x – p)  ​​ ​ 
(x – p) )
 ​  ​​ ​ = sin 2x + c
______
_
Ú ​÷​ 1______
(x – q) 1 – ​÷x​ dx
Let ​ ______  ​ = t 21. __ ​  ​× ___
​  ​
(x – p) + ​÷x ​ x

( )
(x – p) ◊1 – (x – q) ◊ 1 Let x = cos22q
fi ​ ​ __________________
     ​ 
   ​ dx = dt
(x – p)2 fi dx = – 2 cos x(2q) sin (2q)
__________
dx dt
fi ​ _______2 ​ = ______
÷
​  1 – cos (2q) – 2cos (2q) sin (2q)
(x – p) (q – p) = Ú ​ ​ __________
    ​  ​× ________________
    ​    
 ​ dq
  
1 + cos (2q) cos2(2q)
 ​ The given integral reduces to 2sin (q) cos (q)
sinq _____________
= – 2Ú ____
​   ​ ×​    
 ​ dq
  
cosq cos(2q)
1 dt
(q – p) Ú t1/2
= ______
​   ​ ___
​   ​
2sin2(q)
= – 2 Ú _______
​   ​ dq
1 _ cos(2q)
= ______
​   ​ × 2​÷t ​ + c
(q – p) (cos (2q) – 1)
_____ = 2 Ú ____________
​    
  
 ​ dq
x–p (cos (2q)
÷
2
= _______
​   ​× 2 ​ _____
​ x – q ​  ​+ c
(q – p)
= 2 Ú (1 – sec (2q))dq
19. We have,
dx
Ú _________________
​         ​
(sin x + 4) (sin x – 1)
( 1
= 2 ​ q – ​ __ ​ log |sec (2q) + tan (2q)| ​ + c
2 )
______
1
(
​ 1
​   ​ ​ Ú________
= __
1
 ​ – ________
​ 
5 (sin x – 1) (sin x – 4)
 ​  ​dx
) ( __ 1
= 2 ​ cos–1(​÷x ​) – __
|1
​   ​ log​ ___
2 ÷ 1
​  _ ​ + ​ 1 + __
​÷x ​ |)
​ x ​ ​  ​  ​ + c

1 1 1 1
= __
​   ​ ​Ú ​ ________
​  ​ dx – __​   ​ ​Ú _________
​ ​ ​   ​ dx 22. We have,
5 (sin x – 1) 5 (sin x + 4)
dx
1 1
= – ​ __ ​ ​Ú ​ ________
​  ​ dx – __
1 1
​   ​ ​Ú ​ _________
​  ​ dx Ú ____________________
​         ​
____________
5 (1 – sin x) 5 (sin x + 4) (2x – 7)​÷x2 – 7x +  
12 ​
 Indefinite Integrals 1.159

dx
= 2Ú _____________________
​         ​
_____________
(2x – 7)​÷4x2 – 28x   
+ 48  ​ ( 2x + 2
Ú sin–1 ​​ ______________
      ​   ​ dx
____________
÷​ 4x + 8x +  
2
13 ​ )
( )
◊ dx
2___________
= Ú ___________________
​         ​
2x + 2
= Ú sin–1​​ _______________
      ​  ​
_____________
(2x – 7) ÷
​ (2x – 7)2  
–1  ​ ​÷(2x + 2)2 +  
(3)2  ​
dt
= Ú _______
​  _____  ​, where (2x – 7) = t Let (2x + 2) = 3 tanq
t÷​ t2 – 1 ​
= sec–1(t) + c
–1
( (2 x + 2)
Thus, ​​ ______________
     ​  ​ = sin q
_____________
÷​ (2 x + 2)2   
+ 32 ​ )
= sec (2x – 7) + c
3
​   ​ Ú (q sec2q)dq
= __
2
x2 + 3x + 2
23. Ú​  _____________
      ​dx 3
(x2 + 1)2(x + 1) ​   ​ Ú (q tanq – Ú tanq dq)
= __
2
x2 + 3x + 2) 3
= Ú​  _____________
  
    ​dx = __
​   ​ (q tanq – log |secq |) + c
(x2 + 1)2(x + 1) 2
_________
(x + 1) (x + 2)
3
= __ ( |
​   ​ ​ q tanq – log ​ ​÷1 + tan2q  ​ ​  ​ + c |)
= Ú​ _____________
  
    ​dx 2
(x2 + 1)2(x + 1) 3 3
= ​ __ ​ (q tanq) – __
​   ​ log (1 + tan2q) + c
2
(x + 2) 2 4
= Ú​ ________

(x2 + 1)2
 ​dx
(
2x + 2
= (x + 1) tan–1​ ​ ______
3
 ​  ​ )
(x + 2) 3
= Ú​ ________  ​dx – ​ __ ​ log (4x2 + 8x + 13) + c
(x2 + 1)2 4
25. We have
1 2x dx
​   ​Ú  ________
= __ ​   ​dx + 2 Ú ________
​  2  ​
2 (x2 + 1)2 (x + 1)2 Ú (x3m + x2m + xm) (2x 2m + 3x m + 6)1/mdx
1 dx
= – ________
​  2  ​+ 2 Ú ________
​  2  ​
2(x + 1) (x + 1)2 = Ú (x3m – 1 + x2m – 1 + xm – 1) (2x 2m + 3x m + 6)1/m x dx

( 1
= ​ –  ​ ________
2 (x2 + 1)
x
 ​+ tan–1x +​ _____
x2 + 1 )
 ​  ​ + c = Ú (x3m – 1 + x2m – 1 + x m – 1) (2x 3m + 3x 2m + 6xm)1/mdx

dx
Let I1 = 2Ú ________
​  2  ​ Put (2x 3m + 3x 2m + 6x m) = t m
(x + 1)2
2
6m (x 3m –1 + x 2m –1 + x m –1)dx = m t m – 1dt
sec q dq
= 2 Ú _______
​  4  ​  , where x = tanq
tm – 1
sec q (x3m –1 + x 2m –1 + x m –1)dx = ____
​   ​ dt
6
dq
= 2 Ú _____
​  2  ​ Thus, the given integral reduces to __
1
​   ​ Ú t mdt
sec q 6
= Ú (2cos2q) dq = __ (
1 tm + 1
​   ​ ​ _____
6 m+1
​  )
 ​  ​ + c

= Ú (1 + cos 2q) dq

= (q + sinq + cosq) + c

6 ( 3m
1 (2x + 3x + 6x )
= __
2m
   
m+1
m m+1
​   ​ ​ ​ ____________________
 ​    ​ + c )
26. We have,

(
= ​ tan–1x + _____
​  2
x +1
x
)
 ​  ​ + c
x2 – 1
Ú​ ______________
       ​dx
____________
24. We have, x3÷
​ 2x4 – 2x2  
+ 1 ​
1.160 Integral Calculus, 3D Geometry & Vector Booster
1
x2 – 1 = ________
​   ​ t n – 1 + c
= Ú​ ________________
       ​dx
_____________ n (n – 1)

÷( )
2 1
x ​ x ​ 2 – __
3 4 __
​  2 ​ +  
​  4 ​  ​  ​ 1 n–1
____
x x = ​ _______ ​ (1 + nx n​)​ ​ n ​​ + c
n (n – 1)
x2 – 1
= Ú​ ______________
 ​(1 + nx n​)​(​ 1 – ​ n ​ )​​ + c
       ​dx
____________ 1 1
__
= ________
÷( )
2 1 ​ 
x ​ ​ 2 – __
5 __
​  2 ​ +  
​  4 ​  ​ ​ n (n – 1)
x x
28. We have

Ú
(
​ __
x
1
​  3 ​– __
= ​ ______________
____________
x
1
)
​  5 ​  ​
     ​  dx
J – I

÷( )
2 1
​ ​ 2 – __ ​  2 ​ +   __
​  4 ​  ​  ​ e xdx e– xdx
x x = Ú ___________
​  4x     ​
– Ú _____________
​      ​
e + e 2x + 1 e– 4x + e– 2x + 1

(
Let ​ 2 – __
x
2
​  2 ​ + __
x
1
)
​  4 ​  ​ = t2

(ex – e3x) dx
= Ú ​ ___________
    ​
  
e4x + e2x + 1
fi ​ __
x
4
(
​  3 ​ – __
x
4
)
​  5 ​  ​ dx = 2t dt

(1 – e2x) e xdx
= Ú ____________
​  4x     ​
  

1 2t dt
​   ​ Ú ____
= __ ​  ​ e + e2x + 1
4 t
Let ex = t fi e xdx = dt
1
= __
​   ​ × t + c

( )
2 1 – t2
= Ú ​ ​ _________  ​  ​ dt
( ) t + t2 + 1
4
1 2 1 1/2
= __
​   ​ × ​​ 2 – __
​  2 ​ + __
​  4 ​  ​​ ​ + c

( )
2 x x 1
1 – __
​  2 ​
t
27. We have, = – Ú ​ ​ _________  ​  ​ dt
2 1
__
( f0 f) (x) = f (  f (x)) t + ​  2 ​ + 1
t

(( ) )
f (x)
= __________
​     1
(1 + f (x))1/n 1 – __ ​  2 ​
t
x = Ú ​ ​ __________     ​  ​ dt
 ​ = __________
​     1 2
__
(1 + 2xn)1/n ​​ t + ​  ​  ​​ ​– 1
t

| | ( )
 ​ Also, ( f0 f0 f ) (x) 1
​ t + __
​  ​  ​– 1
1
__ t
__________
= – ​   ​ log ​ ​      ​  ​ + c
= f (( f0 f ) (x))

( f 0 f )(x)
2
( 1
​ t + __ )
​  ​  ​+ 1
t
= _____________
​       ​

(1 + ( f 0 f (x))1/n
x
= ​ __________
   ​
(1 + 3xn)1/n

1
2 | t2 – t + 1
= –  ​ __ ​ log ​ ​ ________
t2 + t + 1 |
 ​  ​ + c

Similarly, we can write, (f0 f0 f 0....0 f )(x)

x

1
= __
2 |   t2 + t + 1
​   ​ log ​ ​ _________
t2 – t + 1 |
 ​  ​ + c

| |
= __________
​     .​ 1 e2x + ex + 1
(1 + nx n)1/n = __
​   ​ log ​ ​ __________
   ​  ​ + c
2 e2x – ex + 1
Thus, I = Ú x n–2
g (x)dx 29. We have,
sec2x

(
​ 
x
= Ú x n – 2 ​ __________
   ​  ​ dx
(1 + nx n)1/n ) Ú ​ ______________
   ​dx
(sec x + tan x)9/2
1 n–2 secx ◊ sec x
n ​ Ú t dt, Where t = (1 + nx )
= ​ __ = Ú ______________
n n
​     d​ x ...(i)
(sec x + tan x)9/2
 Indefinite Integrals 1.161

Put sec x + tan x = t 2

1 (t + 1)
fi sec x (sec x + tan x) dx = dt ​   ​ Ú ​ _______
= __  ​ dt
2 t13/2
dt
sec x dx = __
fi ​ ​
1
____________
Also sec x – tan x = ​ 
t
    ​= __
1
​  ​

1
2 t9/2 ( 1
​   ​ Ú ​ ___
= __ ​   ​ + ____1
)
​  13/2 ​  ​ dt
t
(sec x + tan x) t
1
Thus, sec x = __
1
​   ​ ​ t + __
2 (
​  ​  ​ dt
t )
1 2
(
= –  ​ __ ​ ​ ____
2 7t7/2 11t11/2
​ 
2
​   ​ + ______ ​  ​ + c
)
The given intergral (i) reduces to

(
​ t + __
1
)
​  ​  ​dt

(
7t
1
= –  ​ ____
1
​  7/2 ​ + ______
​  11/2  ​  ​ + c
11t )
1 ________
__ t

( )
​   ​ ​  ​ 1 1
Ú ​2
__________ t
 ​
   = ​ _______________
​    + ​ ________________
​    ​ ​ + c
t9/2 7(sec x + tan x)7/2 11(secx + tan x)11/2