1

WRITTEN BY:

Dr. Atika
(Pharm.D)

Lecturer EXCEL COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES

Composed by: M.Shahbaz

Sharif
(Cell# 03042494986)
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CHAPTER#01 & 02

“INTRODUCTION & SCOPE OF

MICROBIOLOGY”
“BACTERIA”
1. Bacterial flagella is made up of ____________ b) Gram -ve bacteria
a) Microtubules c) Both a & b
b) Flagellin d) None of these
c) Spinin 9. Which one of the following is bacilli
d) Tubuline bacteria?
2. Surface appendage of bacteria meant for a) Treponema palidium
attachement for cell-cell conjugation b) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
is____________ c) Salmonella typhae
a) Pili d) None of these
b) Flagella 10. Spirilum volutan is a ____________
c) Sipinae a) Vibrio bacteria
d) Cilia b) Spirochetes
3. Extra chromosomal,circular double c) Spirilla
stranded, self replicating DNA molecules d) None of these
in bacteria is called ____________ 11. Which one of the following bacteria have
a) Cosmid higher lipid content?
b) Plasmid a) Gram+ ve bacteria
c) Phagimid b) Gram –ve bacteria
d) None of these c) None of these
4. Bacterial chromosome is ____________ d) Both of these
a) Single stranded & circular 12. Which one of the following bacteria lacks
b) Double stranded & circular cell wall?
c) Single stranded & linear a) Cyanobacteria
d) None of these b) Mycoplasma
5. Differential staining of bacteria on gram c) Spirochetes
staining is due to ____________ d) None of these
a) Difference in cell structure of gram +ve & 13. The cocci which mostly occur in single or
gram –ve bacteria pairs called ____________
b) Difference in cell wall layer component of a) Streptococci
gram +ve & gram –ve bacteria b) Diplococci
c) Difference in mode of nutrition c) Tetracocci
d) None of above d) None of these
6. Gram –ve organism is ____________ 14. Which one of the following structure
a) Streptococci protects the bacteria from phagocytosis?
b) Bacillus anthrax a) Cell wall
c) Clostridium b) Cytoplasm
d) None of these c) Capsule
7. When gram +ve bacteria are stained they d) Plasmids
give ____________ 15. In ____________ Robert Hook gave deception
a) Pink color of microscope.
b) Dark purple color a) 1556
c) Black color b) 1665
d) None of these c) 1565
8. On the basis of gram staining technique d) 1656
which form of bacteria doesn’t have 16. In ____________ tiny microorganisms are
techoic acid? called as animalcules.
a) Gram +ve bacteria a) 1647
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b) 1674 26. Periplasmic space is present in ____________

c) 1764 a) Gram (+) bacteria
d) 1746 b) Gram (-) bacteria
17. Vulnerable area of body is ____________ c) Both of these
a) Ear d) None of these
b) Eye 27. ____________ bacteria do not form capsule.
c) Throat a) Bacilli
d) Nose b) Cocci
18. Microbiology is ____________ c) Spiral
a) Dynamic d) All of these
b) Exploding 28. Ribosomes are bodies of ____________
c) Revolutionary a) RNA & protein
d) All of above b) DNA & protein
19. The ____________ needs knowledge of c) DNA & RNA
microbiology to fight disease. d) All of these
a) Biologists 29. ____________ are associated with the
b) Geologists synthesis of protein.
c) Physician a) Volutin
d) Dermatologists b) Magnetosome
20. The ____________ frequently uses c) Chromosome
information about microorganism in his d) Inclusion bodies
search for oil. 30. Cell membrane contains approximately
a) Biologists ____________ proteins.
b) Geologists a) 40%
c) Physician b) 50%
d) Dermatologists c) 60%
21. The bacteria were discovered in d) 70%
____________ 31. Cell membrane contains approximately
a) 1672 ____________ lipids.
b) 1673 a) 40%
c) 1674 b) 50%
d) 1675 c) 60%
22. In ____________ Frederick Muller named d) 70%
them Bacilli. 32. ____________ is any change from general
a) 1673 state of good health.
b) 1773 a) Infection
c) 1783 b) Disease
d) 1763 c) Both of these
23. The general appearance of an individual d) None of these
cell as seen under bright field compound 33. If symbiosis is beneficial to both the body
microscope is known as ____________ & the microorganisms, then relationship
a) Cellular physiology is called ____________
b) Cellular morphology a) Parasitism
c) Cellular bacteriology b) Mutualism
d) Cellular microbiology c) Commensalis
24. The length of cylindrical bacteria is d) None of these
____________ 34. The symbiosis is beneficial only to the
a) 0.2 -20 micro meter microorganisms, relationship is called
b) 0.5-20 micro meter ____________
c) 0.2-25 micro meter a) Parasitism
d) 0.5-25 micro meter b) Mutualism
25. The important component of bacterial c) Commensalism
cell wall is ____________ d) None of these
a) Teichoic acid 35. Pneumococci & species of Mycoplasma
b) Peptidoglycan are present in ____________
c) Polysaccharides a) Oral cavity
d) Dextrin b) Upper respiratory tract
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c) Lower respiratory tract d) None of these

d) Small & large intestine 37. Lactobacilli is an example of ____________
36. The symbiotic relationship b/w host & a) Virulent
parasite is called ____________ b) A virulent
a) Parasitism c) Moderately virulent
b) Mutualism d) Opportunistic
c) Commensalism

e)

CHAPTER#03

CULTURE MEDIA
38. Which one of the following is the 45. Which one of the following media need
classification of media on the basis of low O2 Extra nutrients?
chemical composition. a) Selective media
a) Solid media b) Basal media
b) Semi-synthetic media c) Anaerobic media
c) Basal media d) None of these
d) Selective media 46. In streak plate method plates are
39. Agar is used for which type of media? incubates at________
a) Solid media a) 38ᵒC
b) Liquid media b) 39ᵒC
c) Semi-solid media c) 37ᵒC
d) Both a & c d) 34ᵒC
40. Chemical composition of which media is 47. Gram staining differentiates the bacteria
not known? by detecting________
a) Synthetic media a) Plasmid
b) Semi-synthetic media b) Nucleotide
c) Natural media c) Peptidoglycan
d) None of thee d) None of these
41. On the basis of chemical composition 48. In gram staining procedure stain is
enriched media is___________ washed with___________
a) Semi-synthetic media a) Gelatin violet
b) Natural media b) Lougol’s iodine
c) Synthetic media c) Safranine
d) None of these d) Neutral red
42. On the basis of physical state nutrient 49. A____________ consists of a population of
broth is__________ cells derived from a single cell?
a) Solid media a) Culture
b) Liquid media b) Pure culture
c) Semi-solid media c) Bacteria culture
d) None of these d) All of above
43. On the basis of functional use EMB 50. Very small amount of specimen can be
is_________ spread over the agar is limitation
a) Differential media of_________
b) Basal media a) Streak plate technique
c) Selective media b) Pour plate technique
d) Anaerobic media c) Spread plate technique
44. Which one of the following media is d) Serial dilution technique
prepared by using 0.2-0.5% agar? 51. Minimal amount equipment is required
a) Solid media to___________
b) Semi-solid media a) Streak plate technique
c) Both a & b b) Pour plate technique
d) None of these c) Spread plate technique
d) Serial dilution technique
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52. Special equipment, micromanipulator is b) Staphylococci

used to________ c) Neisseria species
a) Spread plate method d) All of above
b) Serial dilution technique 55. _________ is used in DNA & RNA synthesis:
c) Single cell isolation technique a) Sulfur
d) All of above b) Phosphate
53. To encourage the growth of ___________ c) Ammonium phosphate
blood sugar heated before solidification: d) Sodium chloride
a) Streptococci 56. ____________ maintains a stable internal
b) Staphylococci environment in the cytoplasm:
c) Neisseria species a) Sulfur
d) All of above b) Phosphate
54. ___________ are cultivated on mannitol salt c) Ammonium phosphate
agar? d) Sodium chloride
a) Streptococci

CHAPTER#04

VIRUSES
57. Viruses are ___________ parasites which d) None of these
means that they only replicate only inside 63. Capsid of herpes viruses is made up of
a living host cell: ____________ capsomeres
a) Aerobic intracellular a) 162
b) Anaerobic extracellular b) 252
c) Obligate intracellular c) 126
d) Facultative extracellular d) 621
58. In the late____________ botanists had been 64. Capsid of adenoviruses which cause some
trying to find the cause of tobacco mosaic common cold is made up of___________
disease: capsomeres:
a) 1400s a) 162
b) 1700s b) 252
c) 1800s c) 126
d) 1900s d) 621
59. Viruses of rabies and tobacco mosaic
have__________ 65. In some viruses as ___________viruses, the
a) Helical symmetry envelope contains functional projection
b) Icosahedral symmetry known as spike:
c) Complex symmetry a) Influenza and measles
d) None of these b) Polio and measles
60. Herpes simplex and polio viruses c) Polio influenza
have____________ d) Rabies and tobacco mosaic
a) Helical symmetry 66. A completely assembled viruses outside
b) Icosahedral symmetry its host is known as___________
c) Complex symmetry a) Virion
d) None of these b) Viroids
61. The icosahedrons a polyhedron c) Prions
with_______ triangular faces and ________ d) Both a & b
corners 67. The genome replication of most DNA
a) 20,12, viruses takes place in the cell’s____________
b) 12,20 a) Cytoplasm
c) Both a & b b) Nucleus
d) None of these c) Ribosome
62. Some bacteriophages have__________ d) Protoplasm
a) Helical symmetry 68. The genome replication of most RNA
b) Icosahedral symmetry viruses takes place in the cell’s__________
c) Complex symmetry a) Cytoplasm
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b) Nucleus a) 86
c) Ribosome b) 87
d) Protoplasm c) 88
69. In___________ Andre Lwoff, Robert Horne d) 89
and Paul Tournier the first to develop a 78. Currently (2009) ___________ species of
means of virus classification, based on the virus have been defined:
Linnaean hierarchical system: a) 2288
a) 1952 b) 2828
b) 1962 c) 2882
c) 1972 d) 2282
d) 1982 79. Herpes virus is an example of
70. __________ are tailed dsDNA (group I) ________________?
bacteriophages: a) ds DNA virus
a) Caudovirales b) ss DNA virus
b) Herpesvirales c) ds RNA virus
c) Mononegavirales d) ss RNA virus
d) Nidovirales 80. Pox virus is an example of_______________?
71. ___________ includes non-segmented (˗) a) ds DNA virus
strand ssRNA (Group V) plants and b) ss DNA virus
animal viruses: c) ds RNA virus
a) Caudovirales d) ss RNA virus
b) Herpesvirales 81. Parvovirus is an example of_________?
c) Mononegavirales a) ds DNA virus
d) Nidovirales b) ss DNA virus
72. _____________ contains large eukaryotic c) ds RNA virus
dsDNA viruses: d) ss RNA virus
a) Caudovirales 82. Reoviruse is an example of_____________?
b) Herpesvirales a) ds DNA virus
c) Mononegavirales b) ss DNA virus
d) Nidovirales c) ds RNA virus
73. ____________ is composed of (+) srand ssRNA d) ss RNA virus
(Group IV) viruses with vertebrate hosts: 83. Retrovirus is an example of_____________?
a) Caudovirales a) ds DNA-RT virus
b) Herpesvirales b) ss DNA virus
c) Mononegavirales c) ss RNA-RT virus
d) Nidovirales d) ds RNA virus
74. __________ contains monopartite ssRNA 84. Hepadnaviruses is an example
viruses that infect plants: of___________?
a) Mononegavirales a) ds DNA-RT virus
b) Nidovirales b) ss DNA virus
c) Picornavirales c) ss RNA-RT virus
d) Tymovirales d) ds RNA virus
75. ____________contains small (+) strand ssRNA 85. __________ is a family of viruses that include
viruses that infect a variety of plant, well-known viruses like Hepatitis A virus,
insect and animal hosts: enteroviruses, rhinoviruses, polioviruses,
a) Mononegavirales and foot and mouth viruses:
b) Nidovirales a) Parvoviruses
c) Picornavirales b) Picornaviruses
d) Tymovirales c) Reoviruses
76. Currently (2009) ___________ orders of virus d) Retroviruses
have been defined: 86. Reverse transcriptase, the key enzyme
a) 6 that ______________ use to translate their
b) 8 RNA into DNA:
c) 10 a) Parvoviruses
d) 12 b) Picornaviruses
77. Currently (2009) ___________ families of c) Reoviruses
virus have been defined: d) Retroviruses
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87. Symptoms of AIDS are___________ except: 88. Lethargy, runny nose, diarrhea, are the
a) Encephalitis symptoms of___________
b) Pneumocystis a) AIDS
c) Esophagitis b) Influenza
d) Systemic fever c) Measles
d) Smallpox

CHAPTER#05

FUNGI

89. About ____________ fungal species have been 96. ___________ species of Ascomycetes are to be
described. found.
a) 1,000
a) 60,000 b) 10,000
b) 70,000 c) 65,000
c) 80,000 d) 30,000
d) 90,000 97. ____________ species of Basidiomycetes are
90. Rhizopus stolonifer is very common to be found
member of ____________ a) 1,000
a) Zygomycetes b) 1,000
b) Ascomycetes c) 65,000
c) Basidiomycetes d) 30,000
d) Glomeromycetes 98. Fungi are primarily ____________ organisms
91. ____________ commonly known as the sac a) Marine
fungi b) Terrestrial
a) Zygomycetes c) Fresh water
b) Ascomycetes d) All of above
c) Basidiomycetes 99. ____________ are associations b/w roots of
d) Glomeromycetes vascular plants & fungi
92. ____________ commonly known as the club a) Lichens
fungi. b) Mycorrhizae
a) Zygomycetes c) Cyanobacteria
b) Ascomycetes d) None of above
c) Basidiomycetes 100.___________ are associations of fungi &
d) Glomeromycetes either algae
93. The simplest of the true fungi belong to a) Lichens
the division ____________ b) Mycorrhizae
a) Zygomycota c) Cyanobacteria
b) Ascomycota d) None of above
c) Basidiomycota 101.Yeast is a ____________ fungus
d) Chytridiomycota a) Unicellular
94. ____________ species of Chytrids are to be b) Multicellular
found. c) Extracellular
a) 1,000 d) None of above
b) 1,0000 102.Yeast cells are ____________ than bacteria in
c) 65,000 size.
d) 30,000 a) Smaller
95. ____________ species of Zygomycetes are to b) Larger
be found c) Bigger
a) 1,000 d) None of above
b) 10,000 103.About ____________ species of yeast has
c) 65,000 been described.
d) 30,000 a) 1500
b) 1600
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c) 1700 d) All of above

d) 1800 111.____________ parasites can grow only on the
104.The process of fermentation is very host cell.
important in __________ a) Obligate
a) Wine b) Facultative
b) Beer c) Both of above
c) Bread making d) None of above
d) All of above 112.____________ fungi are found in the rumen
105.___________ is used in baking & fermenting of cattle
alcoholic beverages. a) Obligate
a) Candida albicans b) Anaerobic
b) Zygosaccharomyces c) Both of above
c) Saccharomyces cerevisiae d) None of above
d) All of above 113.Asexual reproduction in molds include
106.Yeasts are able to grow in foods with a ____________
____________ a) Spores
a) Low pH b) Conidia
b) High pH c) Fragmentation
c) Neutral pH d) All of above
d) None of above 114.Members of Oomycota are collectively
107.Molds are ____________ fungi. known as ____________
a) Unicellular a) Oomycetes
b) Multicellular b) Slime molds
c) Extracellular c) Water molds
d) None of above d) Both a & c
108.____________ hyphae are called coenocytic 115.Saprolegnia & Achlya are ____________
hyphae. a) Parasites
a) Septate b) Saprotrophs
b) Non septate c) Decomposers
c) Dimorphic d) None of above
d) None of above 116.___________ live on the gills of fish.
109.____________ hyphae are composed of an a) Parasites
outer cell wall & inner lumen. b) Saprotrophs
a) Septate c) Decomposers
b) Non septate d) None of above
c) Dimorphic 117.Downy mildew is a disease of foliage
d) None of above caused by ____________
110.The cell wall of fungi is composed of a) Oomycetes
____________ b) Acrasiomysetes
a) Lignin c) Cellular slime molds
b) Chitin d) Acellular slime molds
c) Cellulose
e)

CHAPTER#06
MICROBIOLOGY OF WATER
118.Ground water originates from ____________ b) Deep sand and rock
a) Lakes c) Both of above
b) Streams d) None of above
c) Deep wells 120.Ground water may become
d) Shallow wells contaminated when it flows along the
119.Ground water is free of bacteria due to ____________
____________ a) Rivers
a) Filtering action of soil b) Streams
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c) Channels 130.In Saltwater Microbiology, the

d) None of above concentration of salt is ____________
121.Surface water is found in ____________ a) Higher
a) Lakes b) Lower
b) Streams c) Minimum
c) Shallow wells d) None of above
d) All of above 131.In Saltwater Microbiology,____________
122.Possible sources of microbial bacteria abound near the surface
contamination of a body of water are a) Lipophilic
____________ except b) Halophilic
a) Rain water c) Hydrophilic
b) Farm animals d) Hydrophobic
c) Industrial waste 132.The rapid growth & multiplication of
d) Deep sand & soil dinoflagellates can turn the water
123.Contamination of drinking water with a ____________
type of Escherichia coli known as a) Red
____________can be fatal. b) Blue
a) O137:H7 c) Green
b) O147:H7 d) Purple
c) O157:H7 133.____________ causes life threatening
d) O167:H7 diarrhea in humans.
124.The region of a water body near the a) Vibrio cholera
shoreline is ____________ b) Spirillum volutan
a) Warmer c) Salmonella typhae
b) Shallow d) Streptococcus pyogenes
c) Well lighted 134.In pre-Christian times the storage of
d) All of above drinking water in jugs made of ____________
125.As the water deepens, temperatures a) Metals
become ____________ b) Copper
a) Colder c) Chromium
b) Warmer d) Aluminium
c) Moderate 135.Chemicals such as ____________ has been a
d) None of above popular means of killing bacteria
126.As the water deepens, oxygen a) Iodine
concentration & light in the water b) Flourine
____________ c) Chlorine
a) Decreases d) Bromine
b) Increases 136.Ascariasis is a ____________ disease.
c) Moderate a) Viral
d) None of above b) Fungal
127.Purple & green sulfur bacteria can grow c) Bacterial
in the ____________ of oxygen. d) Parasitic
a) Presence 137.The microbial flora of ____________ is
b) Absence transient and variable.
c) Both of above a) Air
d) None of above b) Soil
128.At the bottom of fresh water there is c) Water
____________ d) None of above
a) Littoral Zone 138.Organisms are sprayed by ____________
b) Limnitic Zone from the human respiratory tract
c) Benthic Zone a) Coughing
d) None of above b) Sneezing
129.___________ thrive in Benthic Zone. c) Both of above
a) Green sulfur bacteria d) None of above
b) Photosynthetic bacteria 139.The degree of microbial contamination
c) Methane producing bacteria of indoor is influenced by factors such as
d) All of above ____________
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a) Crowding c) Hemolytic streptococci

b) Ventilation rates d) All of above
c) Nature of activity of the individuals 141.____________ people lack access to safe
occupying quarters water & ____________ children die each day.
d) All of above a) 1.1million, 4500
140.___________ have been isolated from the b) 1.1billion, 4500
dust of Sanitoria c) 1.2million, 4500
a) Tubercle bacilli d) 1.2billion, 4500
b) Diphtheria bacilli

CHAPTER#07

MICROBIOLOGY OF AIR
142.Algae, protozoa, yeasts, molds and b) Influenza
bacteria have been isolated from the air c) Common cold
____________ the surface of earth. d) Histoplasmosis
a) Near 149.Systemic Mycosis is ____________ disease.
b) Away a) Viral
c) Both of above b) Fungal
d) None of above c) Bacterial
143.The viable bacteria and fungi occur at an d) None of above
altitude of ____________ in air masses all the 150.____________ radiation has great potential
way across the North Atlantic value for reducing the microbial flora of
a) 3,000 m air.
b) 4,000 m a) Infrared
c) 5,000 m b) Ultraviolet
d) 6,000 m c) Electron beam processing
144.Alternaria, Botrytis, Cladosporium & d) All of above
Penicillium are ____________ 151.Chemical agents like ____________ are
a) Viral species effective in reducing the microbial flora
b) Fungal species a) Lactic acid
c) Bacterial species b) Formaldehyde
d) None of above c) Triethylene glycol
145.Pullularia is ____________ like fungus in d) All of above
water, air and soil 152.A new kind of technology for controlling
a) Mold the microbial flora in closed spaces is
b) Yeast known as ____________
c) Both of above a) Filtration
d) None of above b) Laminer-Airflow system
146.___________ is the most abundant over land c) Setting-plate Technique
as well as sea. d) Sieve & slit-type Samplers
a) Pullularia 153.____________ is used in laminar airflow
b) Alternaria system.
c) Cladosporium a) Air filter
d) All of above b) Membrane filter
147.All of them are bacterial disease except c) HEPA filter
a) Small pox d) All of above
b) Meningitis 154.HEPA stands for ____________
c) Diphtheria a) High Efficiency Particulate Air
d) Pneumonia b) High Effectivity Particulate Air
148.All of them are viral disease except c) High Electronic Particulate Air
a) Measles d) High Economic Particulate Air

CHAPTER#08
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MICROBIOLOGY OF SOIL
155.The region of earth's crust where 163.Fungi are active in decomposition of
____________ and biology meet is called soil ____________ of plant tissue
a) Zoology a) Cellulose and lignin
b) Geology b) Chitin and cellulose
c) Mycology c) Both of above
d) Physiology d) None of above
156.The dominant mineral particles are 164.___________ are generally not found in large
compounds of ____________ numbers except in soils of vineyards and
a) Iron orchards.
b) Silicon a) Algae
c) Aluminum b) Molds
d) All of above c) Yeasts
157.Mineral constituents of soil range in size d) None of above
from small particles ____________ to large 165.___________ fix nitrogen in paddy soils used
pebbles and gravel. for cultivation of rice.
a) 0.2mm or lesser a) Algae
b) 0.02mm or lesser b) Molds
c) 0.002mm or lesser c) Yeasts
d) 0.0002mm or lesser d) None of above
158.Organic soil having very less ____________ 166.____________ do not ingest all bacteria, they
solids maintain some equilibrium of the
a) Organic bacterial flora of the soil
b) Inorganic a) Parasites
c) Both of above b) Protozoa
d) None of above c) Both of above
159.Organic soil having much of ____________ d) None of above
materials 167.In the ____________ cycle, microorganisms
a) Organic transform plant and animal residues into
b) Inorganic carbon dioxide and the soil organic
c) Both of above matter known as humus
d) None of above a) Sulphur
160.The amount of water depends upon the b) Carbon
____________ c) Nitrogen
a) Soil composition d) None of above
b) Amount of precipitation 168.The atmosphere is approximately
c) Drainage and the living population of soil ____________ nitrogen gas
d) All of above a) 50%
161.Gaseous phase of soil consists of b) 60%
____________ except c) 70%
a) Oxygen d) 80%
b) Nitrogen 169.Clostridium pasteurianum is ____________
c) Hydrogen bacteria
d) Carbon dioxide a) Rod like
162.___________ population is highest in both b) Spherical
number (as several! billions/gm) and c) Spiral shaped
variety than all the other groups of d) Comma shaped
microbes 170.Azote means nitrogen in ____________
a) Viral a) Latin
b) Fungal b) Greek
c) Bacterial c) French
d) All of above d) Russian
171.Rhizo means root in ____________
 12

a) Latin 173.Nitrobacter bacteria convert ____________

b) Greek a) Nitrites to nitrates
c) French b) Nitrates to nitrites
d) Russian c) Ammonia to nitrites
172.Nitrosomonas bacteria convert d) Ammonia to nitrates
____________ 174.___________ is the reduced form of sulphur
a) Nitrites to nitrates a) SO2
b) Nitrates to nitrites b) SO3
c) Ammonia to nitrites c) H2S
d) Ammonia to nitrates d) None of above

CHAPTER#09

STERILIZATION
175.___________is the process of killing or 181.Glass wares like flasks, test tubes,
removing bacteria and all other forms of pipettes can be sterilized by ____________
living organisms and their spores from a) Dry heat sterilization
preparation or articles b) Moist heat sterilization
a) Filtration c) Both of above
b) Sterilization d) None of above
c) Vaccination 182.The simplest method of dry heat
d) Immunization sterilization is ____________
176.Physical methods of sterilization include a) Flaming
all except b) Hot Air Oven
a) Gaseous sterilization c) Incineration
b) Dry heat sterilization d) None of above
c) Moist heat sterilization 183.Forceps, blades, knives, needles, wire
d) Sterilization by radiations loops, metal spatulas are sterilized by
177.Sterilization by disinfectants is one of ____________
the ____________ a) Flaming
a) Physical method b) Hot Air Oven
b) Chemical method c) Incineration
c) Mechanical method d) None of above
d) All of above 184.Thermo labile substances and ointments
178.The standard setting for a hot air oven is can not be sterilized by ____________
atleast two hours at ____________ a) Dry heat sterilization
a) 160oC b) Moist heat sterilization
b) 170oC c) Both of above
c) 180oC d) None of above
d) 190oC 185.Moist heat sterilization include
179.Fixed oils, liquid paraffin, petroleum and ____________
powders are sterilized by ____________ a) Autoclaving
a) Dry heat sterilization b) Tyndallization
b) Moist heat sterilization c) Heating with bactericide & boiling water
c) Both of above d) All of above
d) None of above 186.Which one of the following is not
180.Volatile preparations or substances and suitable for surgical dressings?
surgical dressing can not be sterilized by a) Moist heat sterilization
____________ b) Dry heat sterilization
a) Dry heat sterilization c) Both a & b
b) Moist heat sterilization d) None of these
c) Both of above 187.Which one of the following method is not
d) None of above used in dry heat sterilization?
a) Autoclaving
 13

b) Tyndallization a) Autoclave
c) Subatomic particles b) Hot Air Oven
d) All of these c) Both of above
188.Which one of the following method can’t d) None of above
be used for sterilization of thermolabile 193.The sealed containers are heated at
substances? ____________ for 30 minutes in water bath
a) Dry heat sterilization a) 100oC
b) Autoclaving b) 200oC
c) Tyndallization c) 300oC
d) All of these d) 400oC
189.Which one of the following can be 194.Sterilization by radiation is also known
commonly used as a bactericide in moist as ____________ sterilization.
heat sterilization method? a) Hot
a) Benzalkonium chloride b) Cooled
b) Chlorocresol c) Both of above
c) Both a & b d) None of above
d) None of these 195.The vital structures of cells such as
190.By using hot air oven glassware are ____________are destroyed by radiations
plugged with ____________ which kill the microbes.
a) Absorbent cotton a) Glycoproteins
b) Non-absorbent cotton b) Nucleoproteins
c) Both a & b c) Cyclicproteins
d) None of these d) None of above
191.___________is a process used for the 196.___________ are very penetrating and are
solutions which would be denatured by commonly used for sterilization of
heat. disposable medical equipment, such as
a) Moist heat sterilization syringes, needles, cannulas and IV sets.
b) Dry heat sterilization a) X-Rays
c) Both a & b b) Gamma rays
d) Filtration c) Electron beams
192.____________ is used for sterilization by d) Subatomic particles
steam under pressure
e)

CHAPTER#10

FERMENTATION
197.The chemical process of fermentation is 199.The bacterium Streptococcus lactis
a type of ____________ respiration because it practices fermentation by using ____________
does not use oxygen as final electron to accept the electrons and proton from
acceptor. NADH.
a) Aerobic a) Lactic acid
b) Anaerobic b) Picric acid
c) Both of above c) Pyruvic acid
d) None of above d) Ethyl alcohol
198.In the fermentation of glucose by certain 200.The fermentation chemistry in yeasts
bacteria and viruses an intermediately such as Saccharomyces, the pyruvic acid
accepts the electrons and proton from is first converted to ____________
NADH formed in reaction of ____________ a) Ethanol
a) Glycolysis b) Lactic acid
b) Glucogenesis c) Acetaldehyde
c) Glucogenolysis d) Carbon dioxide
d) Gluconeogenesis
 14

201..______________ use an on-off technology and c) Both of above

provide a much higher dosing rate d) None of above
a) X-Rays 207. Microbial enzymes include ____________
b) Gamma rays except
c) Electron beams a) Lipase
d) Subatomic particles b) Lactase
202.____________ is a fermentation product of c) Protease
Acetobator species d) Hydrolase
a) Pickles 208. All antibiotic fermentation are ____________
b) Vinegar a) Primary metabolites
c) Swiss cheese b) Secondary metabolites
d) Meat proteins c) Both of above
203.Swiss cheese develops its flavor partly d) None of above
from the ____________ of fermentation its 209. Ethanol, citric acid, glutamic acid, lysine
holes from fermentation gases are ____________
a) Citric acid a) Primary metabolites
b) Picric acid b) Secondary metabolites
c) Pyruvic acid c) Both of above
d) Propionic acid d) None of above
204.Pickles & sauerkraut are sour because 210. Insulin, HBV, interferon are ____________
bacteria ferment the carbohydrates in a) Primary metabolites
____________respectively b) Secondary metabolites
a) Cabbage & Cucumbers c) Recombinant products
b) Cucumbers & Cabbage d) Biotransformations
c) Both of above 211. Phenyl acetyl carbinol is an example of
d) None of above ____________
205.Fermentation is useful not only to the a) Primary metabolites
____________ but also a consumers enjoy the b) Secondary metabolites
products of fermentation c) Recombinant products
a) Yeast d) Biotransformations
b) Bacteria 212.Fermentation is a unique process
c) Microorganisms because an organic molecule ____________
d) All of above the electrons.
206. In the pharmaceuticals & biotechnology a) Donates
industry the microbial cells or biomass as b) Accepts
the product include ____________ c) Transfer
a) Single cell protein d) Exchange
b) Double cell protein

CHAPTER#11

IMMUNOLOGY
213.What is the major function of the B-Cells? 215.. Disease in which a person’s immune
a) Produce Antibodies system attacks the person’s own normal
b) To kill viruses tissue are called ____________
c) To kill people a) Secondary immune diseases
d) None of these b) Antigen shifting diseases
214.True or False? The Job of the immune c) Autoimmune diseases
system is to defend against d) Primary immune diseases
pathogens,viruses and disease 216.True or False? An Autoimmune disease is
a) True when the body reacts to its own tissue
b) False and mistakenly identifies them as foreign.
c) None of these a) True
b) False
 15

c) None of these c) Plasma cells

217.Multiple Choice. _______ is what your body d) Macrophages
produces when your having a allergic 226.Opsonization refers to ____________
reaction. a) Coating of microorganisms or other
a) Adrenaline particles by antibody and/or
b) Histamine complement
c) Insulin b) Agglutination of red blood cells
d) None of the above c) Antibody mediated viral inactivation
218.The inflammatory response includes all d) None of these
of the following except 227.Naturally acquired active immunity
a) Vessel constriction would be most likely acquired through
b) Temperature increase which of the following processes?
c) Increased blood flow a) Vaccination
d) Phagocyte attack b) Drinking colostrums
219.Which one of the following components c) Natural birth
of the vertebrate immune response d) Infection with disease causing organism
occurs first upon invasion by virus or followed by recovery
bacterium? 228.Which of the following convey the
a) Activation of killer T lymphocytes longest lasting immunity to an infectious
b) Activation of B lymphocytes agent?
c) The inflammatory response a) Naturally acquired passive immunity
d) Mobilization of complement proteins b) Artificially acquired passive immunity
220.The maturation of T cells and the c) Naturally acquired active immunity
production of particular T cell receptors d) All of these
occurs in the ____________ 229.A living microbe with reduced virulence
a) Thyroid gland that is used for vaccination is considered
b) Thymus gland a) A toxoid
c) All of these b) Dormant
d) None of these c) Virulent
221.Chemically an antigen may be ___________ d) Attenuated
a) Lipid 230.___________ are the cornerstone of immune
b) Proteins system.
c) Polysaccharides a) Macrophages
d) All of these b) Lymphocytes
222.Chemically an antibody may be c) Memory cells
____________ d) Suppressor cells
a) Lipid 231.___________ is also known as non specific
b) Proteins immunity
c) Polysaccharides a) Active immunity
d) All of these b) Passive immunity
223.The antigens aggregated are called c) Natural immunity
____________ d) Acquired immunity
a) Flocculates 232.The ability to stimulate cells of the
b) Aggregares immune system is called ____________
c) Agglutinins a) Epitope
d) Agglutinates b) Tolerance
224.The antibodies that cause agglutination c) Reactivity
of cells are called ____________ d) Immunogenicity
a) Flocculates 233.The ability to react with products of the
b) Aggregares immune system is called ____________
c) Agglutinins a) Epitope
d) Agglutinates b) Tolerance
225.What type of B cell remains dormant in c) Reactivity
the body, but can respond rapidly if the d) Immunogenicity
same antigen appears again? 234.____________ are the antigens found in
a) Memory cells unrelated species
b) T cells a) Autoantigens
 16

b) Alloantigens 241.Widal Test is used against ____________

c) Heterophiles a) Vibrio cholera
d) Thermophiles b) Salmonella typhi
235.Antibody mediated immunity is called as c) Spirillum volutan
____________ d) Staphylococcus aureus
a) Humoral immunity 242.___________ is used for the diagnosis of
b) Cell mediated immunity anthrax
c) Natural active immunity a) TPA Test
d) Natural passive immunity b) Ascoli Test
236.In monoclonal antibodies ____________ c) COOMB’S TEST
regions of each immunoglobulin molecule d) T. PALLIDUM CFT
are same 243.WASSERMAN TEST is used for the
a) Fixed diagnosis of ____________
b) Constant a) Typhus
c) Variable b) Syphilis
d) None of above c) Leprosy
237.___________ plays a major role in allergic d) All of above
reactions by sensitizing cells to certain 244.There are ____________ types of
antigens precipitation reactions
a) IgA a) 2
b) IgE b) 3
c) IgM c) 4
d) IgG d) 5
238.__________ provides resistance in the 245.Agar-diffusion method is type of
respiratory & GIT. ____________
a) IgA a) Precipitation test
b) IgE b) Agglutination test
c) IgM c) Complement fixation test
d) IgG d) None of above
239.Lyme disease is caused by ____________ 246.Slide agglutination test is type of
a) Bordetella pertussis ____________
b) Borrelia burgdorferi a) Precipitation test
c) Mycobacterium bovis b) Agglutination test
d) Clostridium perfringens c) Complement fixation test
240.Widal Test is ____________ for diagnosis of d) None of above
different diseases 247.Weil-Felix Test is type of ____________
a) Precipitation test a) Precipitation test
b) Agglutination test b) Agglutination test
c) Complement fixation test c) Complement fixation test
d) None of above d) None of above

CHAPTER#12
VACCINES
248.Vaccines are based on the concept" of b) Chickenpox
variolation originating in China, in which c) Both of above
a person is deliberately infected with a d) None of above
weak form of ____________ 250.Vaccination was eventually banned in
a) Smallpox England in ____________
b) Chickenpox a) 1838
c) Both of above b) 1848
d) None of above c) 1938
249.Jenner realized that milkmaids who had d) 1948
contact with cowpox did not get ____________ 251.Vaccines can be ____________
a) Smallpox a) Prophylactic
 17

b) Therapeutic c) Both of above

c) Both of above d) None of above
d) None of above 255.___________ are the vaccines that contain
252.Bacterial vaccines include ____________ microbial fraction produced by genetic
a) BCG engineering
b) MMR a) Marker vaccines
c) Polio b) Vectored vaccines
d) Yellow fever c) 3rd generation vaccines
253.Varicella vaccine is for ____________ d) Heterologous vaccines
a) Smallpox 256.____________ are genetically engineered
b) Chicken pox vaccines which involve the removal or
c) Yellow fever mutation of virulence gene of the
d) All of above pathogen
254.__________vaccine produced from capsule a) Marker vaccines
polysaccharide molecule b) Vectored vaccines
a) Haemophilus influenza c) Gene deleted vaccines
b) Haemophilus meningitis d) Heterologous vaccines

CHAPTER#13
ANTISERA PREPARATION
257.Antisera are preparations containing a) Rabies antiserum
antibodies introduced into the body of b) Leptospira antiserum
patient to provide ____________ c) Specific Antisera
a) Active immunity d) Non specific Antisera
b) Passive immunity 264.____________ routes are used for injection in
c) Natural immunity antibacterial sera
d) Artificial immunity a) I/V
258.Antisera are used ____________ b) I/M
a) Prophylactically c) Both of above
b) Therapeutically d) None of above
c) Both of above 265.Leptospira antiserum is an example of
d) None of above ____________
259.Normal human imrnunoglobulins are a) Antiviral sera
____________ b) Antibacterial sera
a) Specific Antisera c) Specific Antisera
b) Non specific Antisera d) Non specific Antisera
c) Both of above 266.Serum is the component that does
d) None of above contain ____________
260.Globulin consists of three distinct a) Red blood cells
components except ____________ b) White blood cells
a) IgA c) Clotting factor
b) IgE d) All of above
c) IgG 267.Blood clotting means ____________
d) IgM a) Coagulation
261.Gas gangrene is ____________ infection. b) Flocculation
a) Viral c) Precipitation
b) Fungal d) Agglutination
c) Bacterial 268.Antiserum is blood serum containing
d) All of above ____________
262.__________ is the microorganisms that a) Polyclonal antibodies
produce gas in tissues. b) Monoclonal antibodies
a) Bordetella pertussis c) Both of above
b) Borrelia burgdorferi d) None of above
c) Mycobacterium bovis 269.Rabies antiserum is given ____________
d) Clostridium perfringens a) IV
263.____________ is prepared in horses b) IM
 18

c) IP
d) SC