MANDATORY APPENDIX 3
DEFINITIONS
3-1 INTRODUCTION
This Appendix contains definitions of terms generally
used in this Division. Definitions relating to specific appli-
cations, such as for layered vessels, may be found in
related parts of this Division.
04 3-2 DEFINITION OF TERMS
acceptance by the Inspector — where words such as
“acceptance by the Inspector” and /or “accepted by the
Inspector” are used in this Division, they shall be under-
stood to mean that the Inspector has reviewed a subject
in accordance with his duties as required by the rules of
this Division and after such review is able to sign the
Certificate of Inspection for the applicable Manufactur-
er’s Data Report Form. Such words do not imply assump-
tion by the Inspector of any of the responsibilities of the
Manufacturer.
ASME Designated Organization — an entity authorized
by ASME to perform administrative functions on its
behalf
ASME Designee — an individual authorized by ASME
to perform administrative functions on its behalf as an
ASME Designee. The ASME Designee performs reviews,
surveys, audits, and examinations of organizations or per-
sons holding or applying for accreditation or certification
in accordance with the ASME code or standard.
basic material specification — a description of the identi-
fying characteristics of a material (product form, ranges
of composition, mechanical properties, methods of pro-
duction, etc.) together with the sampling, testing, and
examination procedures to be applied to production lots
of such material to verify acceptable conformance to the
intended characteristics
bolt — a threaded fastener with a head on one end
calculated test pressure — the requirements for determin-
ing the test pressure based on calculations are outlined
in UG-99(c) for the hydrostatic test and in UG-100(b)
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for the pneumatic test. The basis for calculated test pres-
sure in either of these paragraphs is the highest permissi-
ble internal pressure as determined by the design
formulas, for each element of the vessel using nominal
thicknesses with corrosion allowances included and using
the allowable stress values given in Subpart 1 of Section
II, Part D for the temperature of the test.
certificate of compliance — a document by which the
material manufacturer or supplier certifies that the mate-
rial represented has been produced and tested in accor-
dance with the requirements of the basic material
specification shown on the certificate. Signatures are not
required to appear on certificates of compliance. Objec-
tive evidence of compliance with the requirements of the
material specification shall be maintained in the records
of the material manufacturer or supplier.
clad vessel — a vessel made from a base material having
a corrosion resistant material either integrally bonded or
weld metal overlaid to the base of less resistant material
design pressure — the pressure used in the design of a
vessel component together with the coincident design
metal temperature, for the purpose of determining the
minimum permissible thickness or physical characteris-
tics of the different zones of the vessel. When applicable,
static head shall be added to the design pressure to deter-
mine the thickness of any specific zone of the vessel (see
UG-21).
design temperature — see UG-20
efficiency of a welded joint — the efficiency of a welded
joint is expressed as a numerical (decimal) quantity and
is used in the design of a joint as a multiplier of the
appropriate allowable stress value taken from the applica-
ble table in Subpart 1 of Section II, Part D (see UW-12)
full vacuum (FV) — a condition where the internal abso-
lute pressure is 0 psi (0 KPa) and the external absolute
pressure on the vessel is 15 psi (100 KPa) (see UG-116)
joints — for the purpose of this Division, the following
definitions are applicable:
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 3-2 2004 SECTION VIII — DIVISION 1
(a) angle joint — a joint between two members located
in intersecting planes with an angle greater than 30 deg
but less than 90 deg
(b) butt joint — a joint between two members located
in intersecting planes between 0 deg and 30 deg, inclusive
(c) corner joint — a joint between two members
located in intersecting planes at approximately 90 deg
layered vessel — a vessel having a shell and /or heads
made up of two or more separate layers
lined vessel — a vessel having a corrosion resistant lining
attached intermittently to the vessel wall
liquid penetrant examination (PT) — a method of nonde-
structive examination which provides for the detection
of imperfections open to the surface in ferrous and nonfer-
rous materials which are nonporous. Typical imperfec-
tions detectable by this method are cracks, seams, laps,
cold shuts, and laminations.
magnetic particle examination (MT) — a method of
detecting cracks and similar imperfections at or near the
surface in iron and the magnetic alloys of steel. It consists
of properly magnetizing the material and applying finely
divided magnetic particles which form patterns indicating
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the imperfections.
material — any substance or product form which is cov-
ered by an SA, SB, or SFA material specification in
Section II or any other material permitted by the Code
material manufacturer — the organization which per-
forms or supervises and directly controls one or more of
the operations which affect the material properties
required by the basic material specification. The material
manufacturer certifies the results of one or more of the
tests, examinations, repairs, or treatments required by
the basic material specification. When the specification
permits certain specific requirements to be completed
later, those incomplete items must be noted.
material supplier — the organization which supplies
material furnished and certified by a material manufac-
turer, but which does not perform any operation intended
to affect the material properties required by the basic
material specification. The material supplier may perform
and certify the results of tests, examinations, repairs, and
treatments not performed by the material manufacturer.
Material Test Report — a document, or documents, on
which are recorded the results of tests, examinations,
repairs, or treatments required by the basic material speci-
fication to be reported. Supplementary or special require-
ments in addition to the requirements of the basic material
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specification may also be included on the Material Test
Report. All such documents shall identify the applicable
material specification and shall be identified to the mate-
rial represented. When preparing a Material Test Report,
a material manufacturer may transcribe data produced by
other organizations provided he accepts responsibility for
the accuracy and authenticity of the data and maintains
a file containing the test report from the originator of the
data. In such instances, the material manufacturer shall
identify on the Material Test Report the source of the
data and the location of the file containing the test report
from the originator of the data. Signatures are not required
to appear on Material Test Reports. A material supplier
shall not transcribe data certified by a material manufac-
turer but shall furnish a copy of that certification, supple-
mented as necessary by additional documents which
certify the results of tests, examinations, repairs, or treat-
ments required by the basic material specification and
performed by the material supplier.
maximum allowable stress value — the maximum unit
stress permissible for any specified material that may be
used in the design formulas given in this Division (see
UG-23)
maximum allowable working pressure — the maximum
gage pressure permissible at the top of a completed vessel
in its normal operating position at the designated coinci-
dent temperature for that pressure. This pressure is the
least of the values for the internal or external pressure to
be determined by the rules of this Division for any of
the pressure boundary parts, including the static head
thereon, using nominal thicknesses exclusive of allow-
ances for corrosion and considering the effects of any
combination of loadings listed in UG-22 which are likely
to occur (see UG-98) at the designated coincident temper-
ature [see UG-20(a)]. It is the basis for the pressure setting
of the pressure relieving devices protecting the vessel.
The design pressure may be used in all cases in which
calculations are not made to determine the value of the
maximum allowable working pressure.
membrane stress — the component of normal stress which
is uniformly distributed and equal to the average value
of stress across the thickness of the section under consid-
eration
normal operation — operation within the design limits
for which the vessel has been stamped. [See UG-116(a).]
Any coincident pressure and temperature during a specific
operation are permissible, provided they do not constitute
a more severe condition than that assumed in the design
of the vessel.
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 3-2 MANDATORY APPENDIX 3
operating or working temperature — the temperature that
will be maintained in the metal of the part of the vessel
being considered for the specified operation of the vessel
(see UG-20 and UG-23)
operating pressure — the pressure at the top of a vessel
at which it normally operates. It shall not exceed the
maximum allowable working pressure, and it is usually
kept at a suitable level below the setting of the pressure
relieving devices to prevent their frequent opening (see
M-9).
porosity — gas pockets or voids in metal
primary stress — a stress developed by the imposed load-
ing which is necessary to satisfy the simple laws of equi-
librium of external and internal forces and moments.
Primary stress can be either membrane or bending stress.
Primary membrane stress may be of two types: general
and local. A general primary membrane stress is one
which is so distributed in the structure that no redistribu-
tion of load occurs as a result of yielding. A local
primary membrane stress is one which is produced by
pressure or other mechanical loading and which is
associated with a primary and /or discontinuity effect.
Examples of primary stress are:
(a) general membrane stress in a circular cylinder
or a spherical shell due to internal pressure or to
distributed loads;
(b) bending stress in the central portion of a flat
head due to pressure.
radiographic examination (RT) — a method of detecting
imperfections in materials by passing X-ray or nuclear
radiation through the material and presenting their image
on a recording medium
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safety valve set pressure — See ASME PTC 25
stationary pressure vessel — a pressure vessel to be
installed and operated as a fixed geographical location
stud — a threaded fastener without a head, with threads
on one end or both ends, or threaded full length
thickness of vessel wall
(a) design thickness — the sum of the required
thickness and the corrosion allowance (see UG-25)
(b) required thickness — that computed by the formu-
las in this Division before corrosion allowance is added
(see UG-22)
(c) nominal thickness — except as defined in
UW-40(f) and modified in UW-11(g), the nominal
thickness is the thickness selected as commercially
available, and supplied to the Manufacturer. For plate
material, the nominal thickness shall be, at the Manufac-
turer’s option, either the thickness shown on the Material
Test Report {or material Certificate of Compliance
[UG-93(a)(1)]} before forming, or the measured thick-
ness of the plate at the joint or location under consider-
ation.
ultrasonic examination (UT) — a method for detecting
imperfections in materials by passing ultrasonic vibra-
tions (frequencies normally 1 MHz to 5 MHz) through
the material
vessel Manufacturer — any Manufacturer who con-
structs an item such as a pressure vessel, vessel compo-
nent, or part in accordance with rules of this Division
and who holds an ASME Certificate of Authorization
to apply the Code Symbol Stamp to such an item
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