Global Community Service Vol. 01 (2022) No.

01 16-22

Global Community Service

https://ukischolarsnetwork.org/index.php/gcs

Egg Hatching Training and Black Soldier Fly Producing Compost as

Alternative Feed for Village Chicken Livestock
Pujiati Utami1, Oetami D. Hajoeningtijas2*, Bambang Nugroho3, Regowo B. Pamungkas4, Gisella A.
Grafiyana5, Sulistyani Budiningsih6, Watemin7, Roudhoh K. Zuhro8
1,6,7
Department of Agribusiness, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Jalan KH. Ahmad Dahlan, Kembaran-Banyumas
53182, Indonesia
2,3,8
Department of Agrotechnology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Jalan KH. Ahmad Dahlan, Kembaran-Banyumas
53182, Indonesia
4
Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Jalan KH. Ahmad Dahlan, Kembaran-
Banyumas 53182, Indonesia
5
Department of Psychology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Jalan KH. Ahmad Dahlan, Kembaran-Banyumas 53182,
Indonesia
*Email: oetamidwihajoeningtyas@ump.ac.id

Article history: ABSTRACT

Received : 22 Nov 2022
Revised : 9 Dec 2022 Waste management is still an important problem. The Final Disposal Site is no longer sufficient
Accepted : 21 Dec 2022 to accommodate the waste produced by the community. The waste itself is processed, both
organic and inorganic waste. Inorganic waste can be reprocessed into reusable goods. In contrast,
Keywords: organic waste such as household food waste can be processed into fertiliser and animal feed which
Maggot, Maggot Egg can be an industrial business opportunity and save animal feed costs. To answer the problems of
Hatchery, Maggot waste management, animal feed nutrition, and the difficulty of finding work during a pandemic,
Compost the servant formulated the solution by designing sains for society (Sci. Soc.). The method used in
sains for society uses socialisation, counselling, and training approach. The time required to do
Sci. Soc. For eight months. The result of this service is an increase in partners' knowledge and
skills after participating in this Sci. Soc. Besides that, the maggot produced can be used as an
alternative to free-range chicken feed owned by the participants, and maggot compost can be used
in organic plant cultivation for its members.

facilities for waste handling such as

I. INTRODUCTION
Waste management is still an important problem.
The Final Disposal Site (TPA) is no longer
sufficient to accommodate the waste produced by
the community. The waste itself is processed both
organic and inorganic waste. Inorganic waste can
be reprocessed into reusable goods, while organic
waste such as household food waste can be
processed into fertiliser and animal feed which can
be an industrial business opportunity and save
animal feed costs [1]. The processing of inorganic
waste is reinforced by government regulation no.
81/2012 article 1 explains that there must be
decentralisation in certain areas and can reduce
transportation to a minimum to encourage waste
sorting and waste processing as much as possible
[2].
To reduce as much as possible the need for
transportation and disposal of waste TPA PP
81/2012 also develops provisions on producer
responsibility. It is stipulated that 10 years is a
transition period for carrying out producer
responsibilities in waste reduction, and a national
roadmap towards responsibility-based waste
minimisation is needed producers [3].

16 UKIScholarsnetwork | ISSN: xxxx-xxxx

 These insects can digest nutrients from food
wastes [4] such as vegetables and fruits, agro-
industrial by-products [5], and chicken and dairy
manure [6] and convert them into valuable proteins
and fats to be used in animal feed formulations [7,
8], while the residue can be used as a fertiliser [9,
10].
Maggot is one of the effective strategies for
managing organic waste. Besides maintaining
environmental cleanliness, it is also economically
valuable and can be an additional source of finance
[11,12,13]. Pellet feed for fish so far needs to be
varied with other nutrients because often this
pelleted feed can cause a lack of nutrients and the
ammonia content of the secretions released can
cause disease. Maggot and maggot pellets can meet
the nutritional needs of rainbow kurumoi fish [14].
Another study by found that maggots had a positive
effect on the growth and survival rate of all
ornamental fish tested in their research [15].
In various feeding studies, the larval or prepupal
meal was found to be a suitable full, or partial,
replacement for fish meal, meat meal, and plant
protein meal in livestock [16], poultry [17], and pig
[18; 19], and aquaculture feed [20, 21, 22].
Maggot cultivation is an alternative solution to
the waste problem and animal feed nutrition
problems. This fact is reinforced by the community
empowerment of BSF fly maggot cultivation as
animal feed [13] received a response and provided
positive benefits from the community to cultivate
independently. It cannot be separated from the
effectiveness of maggots in answering waste
management problems. Maggot can decompose
organic waste, and 100 grams of maggot (BSF) for
the decomposition process of each type of waste
takes seven days [23]. Of the various insects that
can be developed as animal feed, especially broiler
chickens, the protein content of the black soldier
maggot fly is quite high, which is 40-50%, with a
fat content of 29-32% [24].
The COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 caused
an economic impact that forced companies to lay
off their employees due to financial difficulties.
Maggot cultivation in addition to answering the
waste problem is also an opportunity for the
commercialisation of animal feed and the prospect
of animal husbandry entrepreneurs by providing
17 Utami et al./ Global Community Service Vol. 01 (2022) No. 01 16-22
more efficient and efficient materials for livestock
growth.
Based on the problems of waste management,
animal feed nutrition, and the difficulty of finding
work during a pandemic, it is important to find
solutions to these problems. For this reason, the
service team formulated the solution by Sci. Soc.
II. METHODS
The method carried out in Sci. Soc. uses a
counselling approach, and training (hatching of
maggot eggs, breeding of maggots).
• Counselling
This counselling aims to increase the
knowledge and understanding of partners
about maggots and how to cultivate it as well
as mental readiness to become independent
entrepreneurs.
• Training
Training contains demonstrations and practices
after understanding the concept of cultivation
knowledge, materials, and mental readiness
during the previous counselling process. At
this training stage, partners will be
demonstrated how to cultivate local maggots,
catfish, and chickens using maggot.
In each process, active partners are involved so
that the outputs will show an increase in partner
skills in preparation enough to establish a small
business independently. The evaluation will
measure the improvement seen from the increase in
understanding and skills related to maggot.
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Pemuda Muhammadiyah is an autonomous
organisation of Muhammadiyah, an Islamic
movement, amar makruf nahi mungkar. Pemuda
Muhammadiyah was established to gather, foster,
and mobilise Muslim youth and increase their role
as cadres to achieve Muhammadiyah’s goals. The
vision of the autonomous organisation Pemuda
Muhammadiyah is to prepare Indonesian cadres
and young generations to face future challenges that
are more diverse, full of dynamics, and various
interests to achieve the goals and objectives of the
Muhammadiyah Youth. While the mission is to
make the da'wah movement amar ma’ruf nahi
mungkar, scientific movement, social-social
movement, and entrepreneurial movement as the
foundation of activities by understanding every
problem that arises and the needs of the
environment where Muhammadiyah Youth does
charity work.
In carrying out the organisation's vision, mission,
and principles, there are work programs in the fields
of economic empowerment, cooperatives, and
entrepreneurship. They are:
1. The development of the people's economic
empowerment program includes the
development of human resources for economic
actors, the development of entrepreneurship
and small businesses, cooperatives, and if
possible there is a Muhammadiyah Youth-
Owned Enterprise (BUM-PM) which is
concrete and productive.
2. Establishing cooperation with various parties
to develop economic and entrepreneurship
programs within the Muhammadiyah Youth.
3. Conduct training and pilot projects for small
and medium economic development
independently and in collaboration with other
institutions through economic and
entrepreneurship program planning.
4. Dissemination of various discourses on
economic empowerment models based on
one's strength as a manifestation of the
aspirations of the people's economic
independence.
5. Guide economic efforts to build the power of
small (grassroots) communities through
alternative economic activities.
6. Forming associations and strengthening the
network of Muhammadiyah Youth
entrepreneurs.
7. Encourage Muhammadiyah Youth cadres to be
brave, and capable and become examples of
independent youth who can create new jobs.
8. Make efforts to create a real Economic
Business Entity at the regional, regional, and
branch levels, as a means of raising funds and
efforts to improve the economy of cadres.
Work programs in the field of health and the
environment include:
1. Develop empowerment programs for people
who care about the environment and health in
the community.
18 Utami et al./ Global Community Service Vol. 01 (2022) No. 01 16-22
2. Advocating in the field of environment and
public health.
3. Synergise health assistance activities with
da'wah.
4. Encouraging awareness about the importance
of protecting the environment.
5. Increase cooperation with various parties to
optimise participation in the fields of the
environment, health, and physical fitness of the
wider community.
In connection with the work program, this
community service activity is appropriate and
appropriate for the Muhammadiyah Youth
autonomous organisation, especially in Kembaran
District, Banyumas Regency. This service activity
was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture and
Fisheries, inviting practitioners on waste
management and maggot cultivation as alternative
feed by Prehatono.
He started cultivating Black Soldier Fly
(BSF)/Black Army Flies in April 2015, by forming
a NutritionFarm Group at the showroom Jl. Gunung
Semeru No. 8 RT.07/RW.04 Bobosan Village,
North Purwokerto District, Banyumas Regency,
creating miniature captive breeding, laying, and
hatching BSF maggots as a center for community
empowerment activities and distributing BSF
maggot babies for free to the community for their
independent processing of organic waste.
Together with the community, the Waste Bank
manager, and the Recycling Centre manager
created plasmas for processing organic waste for
maggot enlargement. In addition, he also built a
partnership duplication system for BSF Fly
Cultivation Culture in the areas of Banyumas,
Banjarnegara, Purbalingga, Tegal, and Kudus and
became a resource person for various seminars for
the socialisation of BSF Fly Cultivation in various
cities in Central Java and Purwakarta, West Java
until now.
Some of the reasons behind being a devotee of
waste management with maggot cultivation are:
1. Building a system for captive breeding, laying,
and hatching of BSF maggots (Black Flies) as
a model of an inexpensive living machine for
use by the community to save the
environmental ecosystem and overcome the
problem of organic waste means participating
 in helping and being the best solution for the
state and government.
2. Bio-organic cultivation of BSF/BSFL/Maggot
larvae is needed to meet the needs of animal
feed (poultry, birds, and fish) nationally.
3. Utilising God's gift in the form of the country's
natural wealth, in this case, the blessing of
cultivating cheap BSF Maggot.
4. Here is a business-beneficial solution when
organic waste is managed systematically,
integrated and sustainably, producing animal
feed and compost products to improve
agricultural land and crops.
Strategies that can be carried out in waste
management with maggot cultivation include:
1. Creating a BSF Breeding Cage Culture Area to
produce as many BSF eggs and baby maggot
seeds as supplies to be distributed free of
charge to the community to process their
organic waste independently.
2. Conducting socialisation and assistance to the
community, waste banks, and KSM, and
cooperating with them as fostered plasma and
partners in organic waste processing.
3. Creating various BSF Maggot derivative
products such as dry maggot, maggot flour,
probiotics, and quality liquid organic fertiliser.
4. Creating an inexpensive but superior quality
animal feed formula so that livestock can
produce eggs, seeds, and meat with maximum
growth and production
Non-rotten household waste, such as wilted
vegetables or fruits, is a medium for BSF
cultivation. Another medium used in BSF
cultivation is rice bran. Rice bran has a dry texture.
Containers that can be used for rearing BSF larvae
are trays measuring 37 x 30 x 13 cm. Rice bran is
sprinkled on edge or around the tray containing
BSF larvae, which have been treated with vegetable
or fruit waste. The bran will absorb water and
reduce the water content contained in the fruit and
vegetables.
In feeding, BSF larvae only need rice bran and
vegetables or fruit according to taste, because the
water content of vegetables and fruit is different. If
the water content of vegetables and fruit is more,
then the rice bran must also be increased. And vice
versa, if the water content of vegetables and fruit is
less, then the stock provision can be reduced.
19 Utami et al./ Global Community Service Vol. 01 (2022) No. 01 16-22
Feeding the bran can be given at any time if the
previous food has run out. There are no special
rules for feeding. The more often BSF larvae eat,
the faster they grow. But keep in mind that feeding
too much can cause food to accumulate and rot.
In moderately wet conditions, BSF larvae may
emerge from the tray. Therefore, the tray used must
be dry at the edges. In addition, rice bran that
absorbs water causes fruit and vegetables to be
more durable and not easy to rot so in this
cultivation there is no unpleasant odor caused. In
addition, this effort does not make a noisy sound.
Thus, no surrounding communities feel disturbed
by this cultivation business's existence in their
environment. Therefore, this business can be run in
the neighbourhood around the housing.
Trays containing BSF larvae were placed on a
shelf with a side made of wood and a bottom made
of plywood measuring 80 x 60 x 7 cm. The
treatment aims to accommodate BSF larvae that are
felt to be prepupae because instinctively BSF larvae
that will become prepupae tend to separate
themselves, avoid crowds, and try to get out of the
tray. After feeling quite lonely, BSF larvae tend to
be lazy to move and stay silent more often. The
solitary BSF larvae are then placed in separate trays
for adult flies.
The container used for cultivating prepupae and
adult flies consists of a box frame covered with
gauze. The installation of gauze around the nursery
prevents adult flies from getting out because adult
flies can fly. The box frame is made of wood, nails,
gauze, plywood, and oil. Oil is used to coat the
wood to prevent insects such as ants from entering
because ants can eat prepupae, pupae, adult flies,
and eggs, so ants are pests in the BSF business.
Nails are used to connecting wood, plywood, and
gauze. The box frame consists of 2 main parts. The
first part is filled with maggots that will become
pupae or prepupae, and the second is filled with
adult flies. The two parts are separated by plywood
but made a small door that can be opened and
closed.
At night, the door is closed and the door is
opened during the day. At the outer part of the
second section or the section filled with adult flies,
lights are installed to attract the attention of adult
flies at night to attract the attention of adult flies and
fly to the second section. Adult flies will generally
lay eggs where they change from pupae to adult
flies. Suppose the adult fly lays eggs in a different
place. In that case, the breeder will find it difficult
to separate the prepupa or pupa and eggs, so it is
necessary to have two separate containers so that
the adult fly does not return to where it changed
from pupa to adult fly.
The box frame can be designed according to the
breeder's wishes, but the ideal size is 3 x 2 x 1.5 m.
This box is then placed in the open to be exposed to
direct sunlight. In addition, equipment is also
needed to support the nursery. Wood measuring 40
x 7 x 1 cm that has been stacked into four, five, or
six is given a matchstick in between and tied with
rubber at the end so that it leaves a small gap. BSF
will use this small gap to lay its eggs.
Breeding is one of the important activities on a
farm. The nursery process ensures the continuity of
the farm that is run. In BSF cultivation, there is no
special treatment for prospective brooders. A
farmer only needs to set aside 1 kg of larvae and
then put them in a place that has been previously
covered with gauze. Then let the larvae turn into
prepupae, pupae, and adult flies. Then put it in a
small tray filled with fresh water. Freshwater
besides being consumed by adult flies also
functions as a humidity regulator.
Wood stacked in half with a rubber band at the
end must also be inserted so adult flies can lay their
eggs safely. The wood is placed on a tray measuring
36 x 27 x 5 cm, and then filled with pellets that have
been given enough water, which serves as an
attractant for adult flies to lay eggs around the
pellets. This wood will be separated and the BSF
eggs attached to it will be taken every three days.
This is done so that in one place or one box later the
age of the larvae will be the same. The eggs taken
and separated from the wood where the BSF larvae
lay eggs are then placed on paper. The paper is
placed on a small piece of wood and then in a small
tray. Around the small wood, put the pellets that
have been given enough water and sprinkle rice
bran on the edge of the tray or around it so that the
newly hatched BSF larvae do not come out.
In the compiler's estimation, from 1 gram of seed
(eggs) of BSF for one growth period (6 weeks or
1.5 months) or from eggs until they are ready for
sale, 5 kg of BSF larvae can be produced. The feed
used to produce 5 kg of BSF larvae is 10 kg. The
20 Utami et al./ Global Community Service Vol. 01 (2022) No. 01 16-22
media used are rice bran and vegetables or fruit.
The bran provided during the cultivation process in
1 growth period from 1 gram of BSF seed (eggs) is
2 kg. At the same time, for vegetables and fruit, it
is 8 kg, so conclusions can be drawn about the ratio
of feed required in 1 growth period, which is 1:4.
However, this can change if in the growth process
there are dead seeds.
The Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) in this
BSF business are based on five main processes
which are the key to BSF processing, they are:
1. BSF mass breeding unit This unit is used to
maintain small larvae so that they are always
available in consistent quantities and can be
used to treat organic waste that comes in daily.
However, in this rearing unit, the number of
hatching larvae is limited to a certain number
to ensure the stability of the breeding
population.
2. Feed reception unit for pre-processing It is
essential to ensure that the organic waste from
wilted fruit and vegetables received is suitable
for feeding the larvae. For this reason, the first
step is to control the feed to ensure that it does
not contain harmful and non-organic materials.
3. Feed processing unit Small larvae from the
breeding unit are fed organic waste. The larvae
that eat organic waste then grow into large
larvae so they can process and reduce waste
BSF product harvesting unit Before turning into
a prepupa, larvae are taken from the tray. Garbage
residue left in the tray is also a high-value product
as plant fertiliser.
Using household waste or organic waste as an
alternative feed ingredient also supports
government programs in waste management
because the amount of waste continues to increase
daily. The existing waste if not processed will
accumulate and become a nest of various germs and
bacteria, so it can trigger the emergence of seeds of
disease that are very detrimental to humans.
Therefore, actions to treat waste are essential,
both organic and inorganic waste processing,
because the waste produced does not shrink but
increases over time. That is the main reason why
waste processing is urgently needed. By using
household waste as a medium for cultivating BSF,
it is hoped that household waste that is usually
disposed of can be put to better use.
This maggot/BSF cultivation business is up-and-
coming because BSF larvae can be used as an
alternative feed for fish and poultry. Blitar is one of
the areas with the most chicken and catfish breeders
on the island of Java, so the opportunity in this
cultivation business is very large. This is reinforced
by the low price of BSF larvae which has a high
nutritional content, so that by using BSF as an
alternative feed for fish and poultry, in addition to
increasing the nutritional content, also reduces
production costs and reduces existing organic waste.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
This maggot/BSF cultivation business is very
promising because BSF larvae can be used as an
alternative feed for fish and poultry. Banyumas is
one of the areas with the most chicken and catfish
breeders on the island of Java, so the opportunity in
this cultivation business is very large. This is
reinforced by the cheap price of BSF larvae which
have a high nutritional content so that by using BSF
as an alternative feed for fish and poultry, in
addition to increasing the nutritional content, also
reduces production costs and reduces existing
organic waste
REFERENCES
[1] I. P. Dewi, M. R. Taufikurohman, & N. Bross, “Analisis
Kelayakan Finansial Pembuatan Pakan Ternak Dari
Sampah Organik Dapur,” Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian
Dan Agribisnis (JEPA), 5(3), 869–877. 2021.
[2] Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia,
Number 81 of 2012. “Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah
Tangga dan Sampah Sejenis Sampah Rumah Tangga,”
2012
[3] Sustainable Waste Indonesia, “Peraturan pemerintah
tentang pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga dan sampah
sejenis sampah rumah tangga,” 2016. https://sw-
indo.com/peraturan-pemerintah-tentang-pengelolaan-
sampah-rumah-tangga-dan-sampah-sejenis-sampah-
rumah-tangga/
[4] Nguyen, T.T.X., Tomberlin, J.K., Vanlaerhoven, S.,
“Ability of black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
larvae to recycle food waste,” Environ. Entomol. 44,
406–410. 2015.
[5] Meneguz, M., Schiavone, A., Gai, F., Dama, A.,
Lussiana, C., Renna, M., Gasco, L., “Effect of rearing
substrate on growth performance, the waste reduction
efficiency and chemical composition of black soldier fly
21 Utami et al./ Global Community Service Vol. 01 (2022) No. 01 16-22
(Hermetia illucens) larvae,” Sci. Food Agric. 98, 5776–
5784. 2018.
[6] Rehman, K., Cai, M., Xiao, X., Zheng, L., Wang, H.,
Soomro, A.A., Zhou, Y., Li, W., Yu, Z., Zhang, J.,
“Cellulose decomposition and larval biomass
production from the co-digestion of dairy manure and
chicken manure by mini-livestock (Hermetia illucens
L.),” J. Environ. Manage. 196, 458–465. 2017.
[7] Liu, X., Chen, X., Wang, H., Yang, Q., Ur Rehman, K.,
Li, W., Cai, M., Li, Q., Mazza, L., Zhang, J., Yu, Z.,
Zheng, L., “Dynamic changes of nutrient composition
throughout the entire life cycle of black soldier fly,”
PLoS One 12. 2017.
[8] Xiao, X., Jin, P., Zheng, L., Cai, M., Yu, Z., Yu, J.,
Zhang, J., “Effects of black soldier fly (Hermetia
illucens) larvae meal protein as a fishmeal replacement
on the growth and immune index of yellow catfish
(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco),” Aquac. Res. 49, 1569–1577.
2018a.
[9] Xiao, X., Mazza, L., Yu, Y., Cai, M., Zheng, L.,
Tomberlin, J.K., Yu, J., van Huis, A., Yu, Z., Fasulo, S.,
Zhang, J., “Efficient co-conversion process of chicken
manure into protein feed and organic fertiliser by
Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae and
functional bacteria,” J. Environ. Manage. 217, 668– 676.
2018b.
[10] Ma, J., Lei, Y., ur Rehman, K., Yu, Z., Zhang, J., Li, W.,
Li, Q., Tomberlin, J.K., Zheng, L., “ Dynamic effects of
initial ph of the substrate on biological growth and
metamorphosis of black soldier fly (Diptera:
Stratiomyidae),” Environ. Entomol. 47, 1–7. 2018.
[11] A. Firmansyah, & N. Taufiq, “Sinergi Program
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Berbasis Lingkungan
Melalui Inovasi Maggot,” Jurnal Resolusi Konflik, CSR,
Dan Pemberdayaan, 5(1), 63–70. 2020.
[12] R. Ramadansur, M. Dinata, & R. Rikizaputra, “Aplikasi
Pemanfaatan Maggot (Larva) Sebagai Pengurai Sampah
Rumah Tangga,” In COMSEP: Jurnal Pengabdian
Kepada Masyarakat (Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp. 184–88). 2021.
[13] L. M. Salman Ukhrawi, M.T. Azim, “Budidaya Maggot
Lalat BSF sebagai Pakan Ternak,” Jurnal Karya
Pengabdian, 2(1), 7–11. 2020.
[14] M. S. Irfan & A. Manan, “Aplikasi Larva Black Soldier
Fly (Hermatia Illucens) Sebagai Pakan Alami Dan
Pakan Buatan (Pelet) Untuk Ikan Rainbow Kurumoi
(Melanotaenia parva),” Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Dan
Kelautan, 5(2), 139–143. 2013.
[15] I. W. Sabamia & Y. Himawan, “Application of maggot
in ornamental fish culture,” The Proceedings of The 2nd
Annual International Conference Syiah Kuala
University, 2(1), 38–42. 2012.
[16] Makkar, H.P.S., Tran, G., Heuzé, V., Ankers, P., “State-
of-the-art on use of insects as animal feed,” Anim. Feed
Sci. Technol. 197, 1–33. 2014.
[17] Schiavone, A., De Marco, M., Martinez, S., Dabbou, S.,
Renna, M., Madrid, J., Hernandez, F., Rotolo, L., Costa,
P., Gai, F., Gasco, L., “Nutritional value of a partially
defatted and a highly defatted black soldier fly larvae
(Hermetia illucens L.) meal for broiler chickens:
 apparent nutrient digestibility, apparent metabolisable
energy, and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility,” J.
Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 8, 1–9. 2017.
[18] Spranghers, T., Michiels, J., Vrancx, J., Ovyn, A.,
Eeckhout, M., De Clercq, P., De Smet, S., “Gut
antimicrobial effects and nutritional value of black
soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) prepupae for weaned
piglets,” Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 235, 33–42. 2018.
[19] Biasato, I., Renna, M., Gai, F., Dabbou, S., Meneguz,
M., Perona, G., Martinez, S., Lajusticia, A.C.B.,
Bergana, S., Sardi, L., Teresa, M., Capucchio, M.T.,
Bressan, E., Dama, A., Schiavone, A., Gasco, L.,
“Partially defatted black soldier fly larva meal inclusion
in piglet diets: effects on the growth performance,
nutrient digestibility, blood profile, gut morphology, and
histological features,” J. Anim. Sci. Biotechno. 10 (1),
12. 2019.
[20] Cummins, V.C., Rawles, S.D., Thompson, K.R.,
Velasquez, A., Kobayashi, Y., Hager, J., Webster, C.D.,
“Evaluation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)
larvae meal as a partial or total replacement of marine
fish meal in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp
22 Utami et al./ Global Community Service Vol. 01 (2022) No. 01 16-22
(Litopenaeus vannamei),” Aquaculture 473, 337–344.
2017.
[21] Renna, M., Schiavone, A., Gai, F., Dabbou, S., Lussiana,
C., Malfatto, V., Prearo, M., Capucchio, M.T., Biasato,
I., Biasibetti, E., DeMarco, M., Brugiapaglia, A.,
Zoccarato, I., Gasco, L., “Evaluation of the suitability of
a partially defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens
L.) larvae meal as an ingredient for rainbow trout
(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) diets,” J. Anim. Sci.
Biotechnol. 8 (57), 1–13. 2017.
[22] Belghit, I., Liland, N.S., Gjesdal, P., Biancarosa, I.,
Menchetti, E., Li, Y., Waagbo, R., Krogdahl, A., Lock,
E.J., “Black soldier fly larvae meal can replace fish meal
in diets of sea-water phase Atlantic Salmon (Salmo
salar)” Aquaculture 503, 609–619. 2019.
[23] Y. Putra & A. Ariesmayana, “Efektifitas Penguraian
Sampah Organik Menggunakan Maggot Di Pasar Rau
Trade Center,” Jurnalis, 3(1), 11–24. 2020.
[24] G. Bosch, S. Zhang, D. G. A. B. Oonincx, and W. H.
Hendriks, “Protein quality of insects as potential
ingredients for dog and cat foods,” J. Nutr. Sci., vol. 3,
pp. 1–4, 2014.