MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World

Lesson #22

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson Title: Solving Linear Programming: Minimization Materials:

Problem Student Activity Sheets, Calculator,
graphing paper, pencil and ruler.
Lesson Objectives: At the end of this module, you should be
able to: References:
1. Solve linear programming minimization problems graphically. Winston S. Sirug, Ph.D., Basic
2. Interpret the solutions minimization problems. Quantitative Methods for Business

Productivity Tip: Set achievable work goals. Now you achieved to finish all the modules. Setting yourself a range of
goals is the perfect way to motivate yourself. Focus on SMART goals, which are: Specific, Measurable, Attainable,
Relevant and Time-bound.

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
Introduction (2 mins)
Finite math teaches you how to use basic mathematic processes to solve problems in business and finance.
For example, you can use linear programming to stay within a budget. When you’re dealing with money, you
want a maximum value if you’re receiving cash. But if you’re on a tight budget and have to watch those money,
then you’re concerned with minimizing your expenses. The following is a minimization problem dealing with
saving money on supply.
You’re on a special diet and know that your daily requirement of five nutrients is standard and you are to
choose from two supplements: Vega Vita and Happy Health. The table below shows the content for each nutrient
per tablet. How many of each tablet should you take each day to meet your minimum requirements while
spending the least amount of money?

With all the information organized into the table, you can solve for the number of tablets that will minimize your
cost using linear programming.

Activity 1: What I Know Chart, part 1 (3 mins)

Instructions: Write in the first column what you know about the given questions. The third column is left
blank at this time.

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 MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Lesson #22

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

What I Know Questions: What I Learned (Activity 4)

1. What is the difference between
a minimization problem and
maximization problem?
2. What do you think is the
application of linear programming
in your chosen course?

B. MAIN LESSON
Activity 2: Content Notes (13 mins)

Standard Minimization Problems:

1) Objective function is minimized.
2) All variables are non-negative.
3) All constraints are in the form: ax + by + ...... ≥ constant

Dual Problems: Every standard minimization linear programming problem is associated with a standard
maximization problem (and vice versa). The original problem is called the primal problem and the
associated problem is called the dual problem.

The Fundamental Theorem of Duality: A primal problem has a solution if and only if the corresponding
dual problem has a solution.

Solving Linear Programming: Minimization Problem

Example. Milagros is planning to reduce it operational cost in managing her farm business to increase her
profit. In doing so, she must determine how many post production harvest equipment to build. Its objective
and constraints are follows:
Minimize monthly cost 𝐶 = 𝑃50𝑥 + 60𝑦
Subject to: 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 10
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 18
𝑥≥2
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0

Solution: (Jump to this step 3 since all functions are given: (objective, explicit and implicit)
Step 3. Solve for feasible vertices algebraically or graphically using the functions.
Minimize monthly cost 𝐶 = 𝑃50𝑥 + 60𝑦
Subject to: 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 10
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 18
𝑥≥2
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0

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 MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Lesson #22

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

(a) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10 Let x = 2, y = 4 (2, 4) and let y = 0, x = 10 (10, 0)

*this is the point of intersection of 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10 and 𝑥 = 2

(b) 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 18 Let x = 2, y = 6 (2, 6) and let y = 0, x = 6 (6, 0)

*this is the point of intersection of 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 18 and 𝑥 = 2

(c) Point of intersection of 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10 and 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 18 .

𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10 −3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −18
 
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 18 −(3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 18) −2𝑥 = −8
𝑥=4
Solve for y 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10  4 + 2𝑦 = 10  2𝑦 = 10 − 4  2𝑦 = 6  𝑦 = 3  (4, 3)
Therefore, the feasible vertices are (2, 6), (2, 4) and (4, 3).

And the graph looks like this…

Step 4: Substitute the feasible vertices to the function to get the maximum
Minimize: 𝐶 = 50𝑥 + 60𝑦
50(2) + 60(6) = ₱460
50(2) + 60(4) = ₱340
50(4) + 60(3) = ₱380
Step 5. Decision
X = 2 units and Y = 4 units and the Minimum Cost of ₱340

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 MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Lesson #22

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Activity 3: Skill-building Activities (with answer key) (18 mins + 2 mins checking)

What is the difference between a minimization problem and maximization problem?

A difference between minimization and maximization problems is that: minimization
problems cannot be solved with the corner-point method. maximization problems often have
unbounded regions.

Practice Exercises: Solve the given Linear Programming Maximization problem use the back pages of this
module or in a graphing paper.

Problem #1. A pharmacist produces a drug from two ingredients. Each ingredient contains the same three
antibiotics in different proportions. Each ingredient A produced results ₱80 in cost; each ingredient B results
₱50 in cost. The production of the antibiotics is dependent on the availability of limited resources. The resource
requirements for the production are as follows.

Antibiotic Resources Requirement Minimum Requirement

Ingredient A Ingredient B
Antibiotic 1 3 units 1 unit 6
Antibiotic 2 1 unit 1 unit 4
Antibiotic 3 2 units 6 units 12

Problem #2. Solve the given Linear Programming problem (Minimization Involving Mixed Constraints)
Minimize: 𝐶 = 100𝑥 + 80𝑦
Subject to 𝑥+𝑦≥5
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 20
𝑥≥2
𝑥≤7
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0

“Check your answers against the Key to Corrections found at the end of this SAS.
Write your score on your paper.”

Activity 4: What I Know Chart, part 2 (2 mins)

Instructions: Review the questions in the What I Know Chart from Activity 1 and write your answers to the
questions based on what you now know in the third column of the chart.

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 MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Lesson #22

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Activity 5: Check for Understanding (5 mins)

QUIZ:
Instructions: Solve the given Linear Programming problem (Minimization Involving Mixed Constraints).
1) Minimize: 𝐶 = 90𝑥 + 120𝑦 2) Maximize: 𝑃 = 6𝑥 + 4𝑦
Subject to 8x + 2y ≥ 16 Subject to 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 18
x+y≥5 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 10
2x + 7y ≥ 20 𝑥≥0
x≥0 𝑦≥0
y≥0

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 MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Lesson #22

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

C. LESSON WRAP-UP
Activity 6: Thinking about Learning (5 mins)
A. Work Tracker
You are done with this session! Let’s track your progress. Shade the session number you just
completed.

B. Think about your Learning

Congratulations!!! This is the last learning module!

1. What parts were challenging for you to do? Why do you think was it challenging for you?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. In a scale of 1-5, 1 being low and 5 being high, how successful were you in meeting today’s lesson
objectives? Why do you say so? What factors contributed to this? What changes, if any should you do
for your next learning session.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

FAQs
1) Why is it called linear programming?
One of the areas of mathematics which has extensive use in combinatorial optimization is called linear
programming (LP). It derives its name from the fact that the LP problem is an optimization problem in
which the objective function and all the constraints are linear.

2) What are the three components of a linear program?

Constrained optimization models have three major components: decision variables, objective function,
and constraints.

3) What are the advantages of linear programming?

Some of the advantages of Linear Programming are:
✓ Utilized to analyze numerous economic, social, military and industrial problem.
✓ Linear programming is most suitable for solving complex problems.
✓ Helps in simplicity and productive management of an organization which gives better outcomes.

KEY TO CORRECTIONS
Activity 3. (5 points per problem)
Problem #1. Let X be the quantity of Ingredient A and Y be the quantity of Ingredient B.

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 MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Lesson #22

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Materials Design A (X) Design B (X) Available

Antibiotic 1 3 1 6
Antibiotic 2 1 1 4
Antibiotic 3 2 6 12
Cost ₱80 ₱50
Minimize: 𝐶 = 80𝑥 + 50𝑦
Subject to 3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 6
𝑥+𝑦≥4
2𝑥 + 6𝑦 ≥ 12
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
Convert the inequality explicit constraints to equation and solve intersections:
(a) 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6 Let x = 0, y = 6 (0, 6) Let x = 2, y = 0 (2, 0)
𝑥+𝑦=4 Let x = 0, y = 4 (0, 4) Let x = 4, y = 0 (4, 0)
2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 12 Let x = 0, y = 2 (0, 2) Let x = 6, y = 0 (6, 0)
(b) Points of intersections:
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6 and 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4  (1, 3)
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6 and 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 12  (1.5, 1.5)
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4 and 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 12  (3, 1)

The feasible region in the objective function.

The feasible vertices are:
(0, 6), (6, 0), (1, 3) and (3, 1)

Step 4. Minimize: 𝐶 = 80𝑥 + 50𝑦

80(0) + 50(6) = ₱300
80(6) + 50(0) = ₱480
80(1) + 50(3) = ₱230
80(3) + 50(1) = ₱290
Step 5. Decision:
X = 1 unit of ingredient A and Y = 3 units of ingredient B with the Minimum Cost of ₱230.

Problem #2.
Vertices are (5, 0), (7, 0), (2, 3), (2, 8) and (7, 3) lying on the feasible region.
Minimize: 𝐶 = 100𝑥 + 80𝑦
100(5) + 80(0) = 500
100(7) + 80(0) = 700

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Lesson #22

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

100(2) + 80(3) = 440

100(2) + 80(8) = 840
100(7) + 80(4) = 1020
Decision. X = 2 and Y = 3 with the Minimum value of 440.

Suggested videos only:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pP0Qag694Go
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnjb-yhrsmI

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