Material Models LS-DYNA Theory Manual

used 800 history variables would be stored. Not only is memory much less for this model, but
the CPU time required is also considerably reduced.

Material Model 117-118: Composite Matrix

This material is used for modeling the elastic responses of composites where pre-
integration, which is done outside of LS-DYNA unlike the lay-up option above, is used to
compute the extensional, bending, and coupling stiffness coefficients for use with the
Belytschko-Tsay and the assumed strain resultant shell formulations. Since the stresses are not
computed in the resultant formulation, the stresses output to the binary databases for the resultant
elements are zero.
The calculation of the force, N ij , and moment, M ij , stress resultants is given in terms of
the membrane strains, ε i0 , and shell curvatures, κ i , as:

­ N x ½ ªC11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 º ­ε x ½

0

°N ° « »° 0 °
° y ° «C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 » °ε y °
° N xy ° «C C C C C C » °ε 0 °
° ° ° °
¾=«
31 32 33 34 35 36
® »® z ¾ (19.117.1)
° M x ° «C41 C42 C43 C44 C45 C46 » °κ x °
° M y ° «C51 C52 C53 C54 C55 C56 » °κ °
° ° « »° y °
°¯ M xy °¿ «¬C61 C62 C63 C64 C65 C66 »¼ °¯κ xy ¿°

where Cij = C ji .. In this model this symmetric matrix is transformed into the element local
system and the coefficients are stored as element history variables.
In a variation of this model, *MAT_COMPOSITE_DIRECT, the resultants are already
assumed to be given in the element local system which reduces the storage since the 21
coefficients are not stored as history variables as part of the element data. The shell thickness is
built into the coefficient matrix and, consequently, within the part ID, which references this
material ID, the thickness must be uniform.

Material Model 119: General Nonlinear 6DOF Discrete Beam

Catastrophic failure, which is based on displacement resultants, occurs if either of the
following inequalities are satisfied:

2 2 2 2 2 2
§ ur · § us · § ut · § θ r · § θ s · § θ t ·
¨ tfail ¸ + ¨ tfail ¸ + ¨ tfail ¸ + ¨ tfail ¸ + ¨ tfail ¸ + ¨ tfail ¸ − 1. ≥ 0
© ur ¹ © us ¹ © ut ¹ © θ r ¹ © θ s ¹ © θt ¹
(19.119.1)
2 2 2 2 2 2
§ ur · § us · § ut · § θ r · § θ s · § θ t ·
¨ cfail ¸ + ¨ cfail ¸ + ¨ cfail ¸ + ¨ cfail ¸ + ¨ cfail ¸ + ¨ cfail ¸ − 1. ≥ 0
© ur ¹ © us ¹ © ut ¹ © θ r ¹ © θ s ¹ © θ t ¹

After failure the discrete element is deleted. If failure is included either the tension failure or the
compression failure or both may be used.

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LS-DYNA Theory Manual Material Models

Figure 19.119.1. Load and unloading behavior.

Material Model 120: Gurson

The Gurson flow function is defined as:

σ M2 § 3q σ ·
¸ − 1 − ( q1 f ) = 0
* 2
Φ= + 2q1 f * cosh ¨ 2 H (19.120.1)
σY 2
© 2σ Y ¹

where σ M is the equivalent von Mises stress, σ Y is the Yield stress, σ H is the mean hydrostatic
stress. The effective void volume fraction is defined as

­ f f ≤ fc
°
f (f )=®
*
1/ q1 − f c (19.120.2)
° fc + f − f ( f − fc ) f > fc
¯ F c

The growth of void volume fraction is defined as

f = fG + fN (19.120.3)

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