LS-DYNA Theory Manual Material Models

Material Model 22: Chang-Chang Composite Failure Model

Five material parameters are used in the three failure criteria. These are [Chang and
Chang 1987a, 1987b]:

• S1 , longitudinal tensile strength

• S2 , transverse tensile strength
• S12 , shear strength
• C2 , transverse compressive strength
• α , nonlinear shear stress parameter.

S1 , S2 , S12 , and C2 are obtained from material strength measurement. α is defined by material
shear stress-strain measurements. In plane stress, the strain is given in terms of the stress as

1
ε1 = (σ 1 − υ1σ 2 )
E1
1
ε2 = (σ 2 − υ 2σ 1 ) (19.22.1)
E2
1
2ε12 = τ12 + ατ123
G12

The third equation defines the nonlinear shear stress parameter α .

A fiber matrix shearing term augments each damage mode:

3τ122
+ ατ 124
2G 4
τ = 212 (19.22.2)
S12 3
+ α S124
2G12 4

which is the ratio of the shear stress to the shear strength.

The matrix cracking failure criteria is determined from

2
§σ ·
Fmatrix = ¨ 2 ¸ +τ (19.22.3)
© S2 ¹

where failure is assumed whenever Fmatrix > 1 . If Fmatrix > 1 , then the material constants
E2 , G12 , υ1 , and υ 2 are set to zero.
The compression failure criteria is given as

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Material Models LS-DYNA Theory Manual

2 2
§ σ 2 · ª § C2 · ºσ
Fcomp =¨ ¸ + « ¨ ¸ − 1 » 2 +τ (19.22.4)
2 S
© 12 ¹ «¬© 12 ¹ 2 S »¼ C2

where failure is assumed whenever Fcomb > 1 . If Fcomb > 1 , then the material constants
E2 , υ1 , and υ 2 are set to zero.
The final failure mode is due to fiber breakage.

2
§σ ·
Ffiber = ¨ 1 ¸ +τ (19.22.5)
© S1 ¹

Failure is assumed whenever Ffiber > 1 . If Ffiber > 1 , then the constants E1, E2 , G12 , υ1 , and υ 2
are set to zero.

Material Model 23: Thermal Orthotropic Elastic with 12 Curves

In the implementation for three-dimensional continua a total Lagrangian formulation is
used. In this approach the material law that relates second Piola-Kirchhoff stress S to the Green-
St. Venant strain E is

S = C ⋅ E = T t ClT ⋅ E (19.23.1)

where T is the transformation matrix [Cook 1974].

ª l12 m12 n12 l1m1 m1n1 n1l1 º

« 2 2 2 »
« l2 m 2 n2 l2 m2 m2 n2 n2 l 2 »
« l2 m 2
n2
l3m3 m3n3 n3l3 »
T =« 3 3 3
» (19.23.2)
« 2l1l2 2m1m2 2n1n2 ( l1m2 + l2m1 ) ( m1n2 + m2n1 ) ( n1l2 + n2l1 ) »
« 2l2l3 2m2m3 2n2 n3 ( l2m3 + l3m2 ) ( m2n3 + m3n2 ) ( n2l3 + n3l2 ) »
« »
«¬ 2l3l1 2m3m1 2n3n1 ( l3m1 + l1m3 ) ( m3n1 + m1n3 ) ( n3l1 + n1l3 ) »¼

li , mi , ni are the direction cosines

xi' = li x1 + mi x2 + ni x3 for i = 1, 2,3 (19.23.3)

and xi' denotes the material axes. The temperature dependent constitutive matrix Cl is defined
in terms of the material axes as

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