National Polytechnic Institute of Constantine

Preparatory class - 1st year

Probability and Statistics

Tutorial series n° 2
Statistical series with two characters

Exercise 1 :
The heart rate of 70 individuals has been measured (in beats per minute) before and after
a physical activity. We denote by X the resting heart rate and by Y the heart rate after
activity. The following results have been obtained.
Y
[90, 100[ [100, 110[ [110, 120[ [120, 130[ [130, 140[
X
[60, 70[ 4 2 1 0 0
[70, 80[ 2 8 10 4 0
[80, 90[ 0 6 12 7 1
[90, 100[ 0 0 5 5 1
[100, 110[ 0 0 0 1 1

1. Give the marginal distributions of X and Y .

2. Calculate the means and the standard deviations of X and Y .
3. Determine the conditional distribution of X given Y ∈ [120, 130[.
4. Calculate X /Y ∈[120,130[ and σ(X/Y ∈ [120, 130[).
5. Determine the conditional distribution of Y given X ∈ [70, 100[.
6. Calculate Y /X∈[70,100[ and σ(Y /X ∈ [70, 100[).
7. Calculate cov(X, Y ).
Exercise 2 :
In order to explain the influence of a chemical product on the length of the stems of certain
variety of wheat, precise doses of this product have been used in some parcels of a field. At
the end of the season, the length of the stem of 200 ears has been measured and the following
results have been obtained.

Length of stems
[70, 71[ [71, 72[ [72, 74[ [74, 76[ [76, 78[
Quantity of the produit
2 15 10 6 7 4
4 5 16 12 3 1
6 0 14 20 10 1
8 2 6 18 22 7
10 1 1 4 3 12

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We denote by X : The quantity of the product
and by Y : The length of stems.
1. Give the marginal distributions of X and Y .
2. Calculate the means and the standard deviations of X and Y .
3. Determine the conditional distribution of X given Y ∈ [72, 74[.
4. Calculate X /Y ∈[72,74[ and σ(X/Y ∈ [72, 74[).
5. Calculate cov(X, Y ).
Exercise 3 :
A commercial company devotes a certain sum of money for advertising activities at the
beginning of each month. In the following table, we give the sums of money devoted to
theses activities as well as the corresponding sales amounts.
Advertising expenses 2.4 3 3 2.5 3.2 3.5 2 1.8 3 3.2 3.8 4.6
(in millions of dinars)
Sales 38 42 42 39 40 45 35 24 38 40 44 53
(in millions of dinars)
We denote by X : The advertising expenses
and by Y : The Sales amount.
1. Determine the regression line of Y on X.
2. Calculate ρX,Y .
3. Estimate the sales amount for an advertising expenses of 5 millions of dinars.
Exercise 4 :
A new pharmaceutical product has been placed on the market. The number of sales of this
product during the first eight months is given in the following table.
The month (X) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
The number of sales (Y ) 10 23 38 77 165 318 642 1270
1. Fit the variable Y on X using an exponential function of the form Y = B × AX .
2. Fit the variable Y on X using a power function of the form Y = D × X C .
3. Estimate the number of sales at the 10th month using the two models.
4. Which estimation is most accurate ?
Exercise 5 :
Consider the following set of data.
X 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Y 1.1 0.8 0.45 0.28 0.3 0.26 0.22 0.2 0.15
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1. Fit this set of data using a hyperbola of the form Y = .
aX + b
2. Fit the same set of data using a logarithmic function of the form Y = c ln(X) + d.
3. Estimate the value of Y when X takes the value 12, using the two models.
4. Which estimation is most accurate ?