WEEK 1

1. The unit for resistance (Ohms) is named after him. - George Simon Ohm
2. He worked to improve electromagnets and was the first to superimpose coils of wire wrapped on
an iron core. - Joseph Henry
3. He was the first person to demonstrate the existence of radio waves. His inspiration came from. -
Heinrich Rudolph Hertz.
4 - 5. Give at least 2 where you can apply electronics in life. -Medical Applications, Defense and
Aerospace, Automotive, Meteorological and Oceanographic
6. A device which compares two voltages or currents and switches its output to indicate which is
larger. Ans: Comparator
7. A semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or switch electronic signals.
Ans: Transistor
8. A flow of electrons through a material:
a) Voltage c) Current
b) Resistance d) Conductance
9. The pressure that pushes electrons through a
material:
a) Voltage c) Conduction
b) Current d) Resistance
10. When two conductive plates are moved closer
together Capacitance will:
a) Increase c) Stay the Same
b) Decrease d) Vary Downwards

WEEK 2
 _____________ are nothing but electronic components that exploit the electronic properties
of semiconductor materials, like as silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide, as well as
organic semiconductors.
A. Elemental semiconductors
B. Compound semiconductors
C. Semiconductor devices
 Give at least 1 compound semiconductors.
- Gallium nitride, Silicon carbide, Indium phosphide
 The band gap of semiconductor is greater than the ____________ but smaller than an
_____________.

 Give the two types of extrinsic semiconductor.

- n-type and p-type

 In intrinsic semiconductor, the number of excited electrons and the number of holes are
_________.
A. Equal
B. Not equal
C. A and B

 The ________ of a semiconductor decrease with increases in temperature.

A. Reactance
B. Resistance
C. Conductance

 The electron flow is based on the ________ properties of semiconductor.

A. Transitivity
B. Resistivity
C. Conductivity
  _______ is a substance or material that allows electricity to flow through it. When voltage is
applied, electrical charge carriers, often electrons or ions, travel freely from atom to atom in
a conductor.
a. Conductor c. Semiconductor
b. Instructor d. Insulator

 What is the most conductive metal?

a. Gold c. Bronze
b. Silver d. Iron

 How many valence electrons does a conductor have?

a. 1-3 c. 6
b. 0 d. 4

 What is the conductivity of Copper in Siemens/meter?

a. 5.96×107 c. 3.5×107
b. 5.80×107 d. 4.10×107

 Some special conductors turn into __________ when supercooled down to absolute zero
while other have finite resistance.
a. Superman c. Superconductors
b. Super Crunch d. Superhuman

 can withstand up to 2000 kilovolts per mm of material before breaking down.

- MICA

 The opposite of conductors

- INSULATORS

 The number of electrons valence shell contains

- VALENCE

 The outermost shell of any atom is called the valence shell.

- VALENCE SHELL

 Thermal conductor, but not electrical conductor

- DIAMOND (INSULATOR)

WEEK 3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWER
1. It is the process of inserting impurities into the silicon crystal (or other element being used as a
semiconductor) ANS: DOPING
2. Give 2 Semiconductor Manufacturing Processes (2 points) ANS: CLEANING, FILM DEPOSITION,
POST-DEPOSITION CLEANING, RESIST COATING, EXPOSURE, DEVELOPMENT, ETCHING,
IMPLANTATION OF IMPURITIES, ACTIVATION, RESIST STRIPPING, ASSEMBLY
3. At absolute zero, semiconductors behave as ________. ANS: INSULATORS
4. Two commonly used dopants (2 points) ANS: TRIVALENT ATOMS AND PENTAVALENT ATOMS
5. It is when the negative terminal of the voltage potential is connected to the p-type and the positive
is connected to the n-type. ANS: REVERSE BIAS
6. Give at least two types of P-N Juction. ANSWER: GROWN JUNCTION / ALLOYED JUNCTION /
DIFFUSED JUNCTION
7. Gallium phosphide LEDs emit red, yellow and green light. ANS:TRUE
8. Gallium nitride LEDs emit bright ____light. ANS:BLUE
9. A consulting engineer for General Electric, invented the first visible light LED.He is called the“Father
of Light-Emitting Diode” ANS: NICK HOLONYACK
10. What am I? (3 points) ANS: GALVANOMETER AND MICROPHONE
WEEK 4
1. When a diode is in a ________, it means that a positive voltage is applied to its anode (the P-type
material) and a negative voltage is applied to its cathode (the N-type material). (forward bias mode)
2.Diodes serve the fundamental purpose of controlling the direction of electrical current in electronic
circuits. They enable the following essential functions: (atleast one) (Rectification, Voltage
Regulation, Signal Clipping, Switching, Protection)
3-4.The two terminals of the diode. (anode & cathode)
5.In the _________, a diode is connected with the anode at a lower voltage potential than the
cathode (i.e., positive voltage at the cathode and negative voltage at the anode). (reverse bias mode)
6.The __________ ignores the effect of diode resistance in comparison with values of other elements
of the circuit.(simplified diode model)
7.The _____ does not allow any current to flow in reverse biased condition. The current flowing
through the diode is zero for any value of reverse biased voltage. (ideal diode model)
8.It is is the most common semiconductor light-emitting device.(LED)
9.It is made thin so that light energy near the P–N junction only needs to travel a short distance
through it. (P layer)
10.It is a specialty diode that detects light. (Photodiode)
11.It is the oldest optoelectric device.(Photocell or photoconductive cell)
12.It is an intrinsic semiconductor, meaning that it is a material that has excited electrons even when
no dopant is introduced; instead, the electrons are excited through thermal excitation or by
crystalline defect when a current is applied. (I-type semiconductor)
13.The operating point of a diode also known as _______ is the steady-state DC voltage or current at
a specified terminal of the diode with no input signal applied. (Quiescent)
14.The _______ is a line that extends through the points (ID,0) and (0,VD). (Load Line)
15.The Zener diode was invented by the physicist Clarence Melvin Zener in _____. (1950)

WEEK 5
 A regulated power supply (also known usually as a linear power supply) ensures that the output current
remains constant, even if the input changes, by converting unregulated AC (alternating current) to a
constant __________.
- DC (DIRECT CURRENT)

 A d.c. power supply which maintains the output voltage constant irrespective of a.c. mains fluctuations
or load variations is known as
- REGULATED DC POWER SUPPLY.

 A regulated DC power supply is also known as a ______________________, it is an embedded circuit

and consists of various blocks.
- LINEAR POWER SUPPLY

 Need more diodes, typically three to six

- THREE-PHASE.

 A process of converting AC into DC current.

- RECTIFICATION.

 An electrical component that converts AC to DC

- RECTIFIER.

 The change of load connected to a power supply varies the___________ and hence the d.c. output
voltage.
- LOAD CURRENT

 The amount of load current drawn from the power supply is known as
- VOLTAGE REGULATION

 Represents the major part or function in a system. Every block in a system has only one input
and output.
 - BOX

 this symbol connects the boxes in a system to illustrate relationships.

- LINE

 This figure is specifically used to indicate the flow of the signal or data through the electrical
block diagram and software design.
- ARROW LINE

 Allow the transfer of an ac signal from one circuit to another. the transfer may involve
stepping up the voltage, stepping down he voltage, or passing the voltage unchanged.
- TRANSFORMER

 Draw the schematic symbol of transformer

 10 turns on secondary coil - 100 turns on primary coil (step up or step down transformer)
- STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER

 10 turns on secondary coil - 10 turns on primary coil (step up or step down transformer)
- VOLTAGE UNCHANGED

WEEK 6
This filter capacitor plays a very important role in the switching power supply. (High-frequency filter
capacitor)
2. For precision circuits, a combination of ___ capacitor circuits is often used at this time to improve
the working effect of the filter capacitor. (Parallel)
3. The __________________________ capacitor for switching power supply has four terminals.
(Special high-frequency aluminum electrolytic)
4. Ordinary low-frequency electrolytic capacitors begin to be inductive around _____. (10,000 Hz)
5. The _______________________________ of the capacitor are the main parameters to identify its
pros and cons. (capacitance, loss tangent value, and leakage current)
6. A capacitor is an electronic device that stores electrical energy in an electric field by accumulating
__________on two closely spaced surfaces that are insulated from each other. (electric charges)
7. The higher the power supply voltage U, the ________ the charge q carried by the capacitor.
(greater)
8. What is the formula given in calculating the size of a power supply filter capacitor? (C=I*dt/dU)
9. Capacitors’ pro-feature that are relatively inexpensive and readily available, which makes them a
cost-effective choice for filtering applications. (Low Cost)
10. It’s one of the capacitor filters’ con features, wherein the output voltage can experience a gradual
decrease over time due to the discharge of the capacitor. (voltage drop)
11. Give one specific selection of the filter capacitor depends on. (Main operating frequency on your
PCB or Harmonic Frequency)
12. A general capacitor of about 10pF is used to filter out high-frequency interference signals, and a
capacitor of about _ is used to filter out low-frequency ripple interference. (0.1μF)
13. If the main operating frequency on your PCB is relatively low, just add two capacitors, one to
eliminate __ and the other to eliminate __. (ripple and high-frequency signals)
14-15. Solve: Load Current (I): 2A Max allowable voltage ripple (dU): 0.15V Ripple time (dt): 10
milliseconds 0.13 F or 130,000 microfarad)
WEEK 7