BVF1113

INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS FACILITIES

Unit conversion
Objectives
• Understand systems of units
• Convert units within the metric system.

2
How confident do you feel about
using the units and metric system?

A. Very confident
B. Somewhat confident
C. Not very confident
D. What’s the metric system?

3
How confident do you feel about
your math skills (i.e. algebra)?

A. Very confident
B. Somewhat confident
C. Not very confident
D. I have no confidence about being able to do
math

4
Do you enjoy math?
A. Yes, math is great!
B. Yeah, I like math pretty well
C. I’m unsure about math
D. I don’t like math
E. I hate math

5
Units and dimensions
• A measured or counted quantity has a numerical
value and a unit.
• A dimension is a property that can be measured eg;
length, time, mass, or temperature or calculated by
multiplying or dividing other dimensions eg;
length/time (velocity)

6
What are the basic units of
measurement in the metric
system?
• Grams
• Liters
• Meters

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What do these units
measure?
• Grams
• Unit for weight
• Liters
• Unit for volume or capacity
• Meters
• Unit for length

8
The Metric System

Additional
Temperature : Kelvin (K)
Metric Prefix
Exercise
What are the factors (numerical values and units)
needed to convert
a) Meters to millimeters?
b) Nanoseconds to seconds?

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• 8.967 x 104 =

• 0.0005642 =
Conversion of unit
•Unit conversion is a multi-step process
that involves multiplication or division by
a numerical factor, selection of the
correct number of significant digits, and
rounding.

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Conversion Factor

• “If you have an amount of unit of A, how much is that in

unit B?”

• Principle - quantities defined as equalities

• Conversion Factor: an expression for the relationship

between units.
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Example of conversion factor:
1 kg = 1000 g

1 m = 100 cm

1 day = 24 hours

1 year = 365 days

Exercise
1. What is the conversion factor for min/hour?
2. What is the conversion factor for min2 /s2?

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Unit conversion steps

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18
Example
Convert 5m to cm?

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20
• Convert 40 g to kg

• Convert 7 days to minutes

• Convert 2000 m/min to km/hr
•
Oilfield conversion factors

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Oilfield conversion factors

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Oilfield conversion factors

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Exercise
1. Convert 2bbl to liters?
2. Convert 15bar to psi?

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Derived Units

28
Measuring Tools
• Always use tools and equipment the way they
are designed to be used.
• Identify the most effective tools to do the task.
• Inspect the tool before using it.
• Use it correctly.
• Clean and inspect it after you use it.
• Store it in the correct location
Measuring Tapes
• A flexible type of ruler and common measuring
tool
• Most common is a thin metal strip about 0.5″ to
1″ (13 to 25 mm) wide.
• Rolled up inside a metal housing
• Have a spring return mechanism
• Can be of various lengths
• 16′ or 25 ′ (5 or 8 m) is very common.
Measuring Tape
• Measuring tape is
pulled from
housing to
measure items.
• Spring return winds
it back into the
housing.
• Housing usually
has built-in locking
mechanism
Outside, Inside & Depth
Micrometers
• Micrometers
• Precise measuring tools designed to measure small
distances
• Can measure down to a resolution of 1/1000 of an
inch for a standard micrometer or 1/100 of a
millimeter for a metric micrometer
• Vernier micrometers equipped with the addition of a
vernier scale can measure down to 1/10,000 of an
inch or 1/1000 of a millimeter.
Outside, Inside & Depth
Micrometers
• Common types of micrometers
• Outside micrometer
• Inside micrometer
• Depth micrometer
Outside, Inside & Depth
Micrometers
• Outside micrometer has a horseshoe-shaped
frame
• Built to make sure micrometer holds its shape
• Some frames have plastic finger pads so that body
heat is not transferred to the metal frame.
• The anvil is on one end of the frame.
• The other contact point is the spindle
Outside, Inside & Depth
Micrometers
• Micrometer measures distance between anvil
and spindle.
• Measurement read on sleeve/barrel and thimble
• The sleeve/barrel is stationary and has the linear
markings on it.
• The thimble fits over the sleeve and has the
graduated markings on it.
Outside, Inside & Depth
Micrometers
• Since the spindle and sleeve/barrel have
matching threads, the thimble rotates spindle
inside of sleeve/barrel and thread moves
spindle inward and outward.
• The thimble usually incorporates either a ratchet or
a clutch mechanism.
• A lock nut, lock ring, or lock screw is used on most
micrometers.
Outside, Inside & Depth
Micrometers
• Standard micrometers use a specific thread of
40 tpi on the spindle and sleeve.
• The thimble will rotate exactly 40 turns in one inch.
• The linear markings on the sleeve show each of the
.100″ marks between 0″ and 1″ as well as the .025″
marks.
• Since the thimble has graduated marks from 0 to 24
(each mark representing 0.001″), every complete
turn of the thimble will uncover another one of the
0.025″ marks on the sleeve.
• If the thimble stops short of any complete turn, it will
indicate exact number of 0.001″ marks past the
zero line on the sleeve
 Measurement Reading Technique
for Micrometer
• To obtain the first part of the
measurement: Look at the image
above, you will see a number 5 to
the immediate left of the thimble.
This means 5.0 mm. Notice that
there is an extra line below the
datum line, this represents an
additional 0.5 mm. So the first part
of the measurement
is 5.0+0.5=5.5 mm.
• To obtain the second part of the
measurement: Look at the image
You just have to add the first part and above, the number 28 on the
second part of the measurement to obtain rotating vernier scale coincides
with the datum line on the sleeve.
the micrometer Hence, 0.28 mm is the second part
reading: 5.5+0.28=5.78 mm. of the measurement.
Example
Vernier, Dial, and Electronic
Digital Calipers
• For inside measurements:
• Works on same principles as outside micrometer
• The only difference is that the scale on the sleeve
of the depth micrometer is backward.
Parts of the Vernier Caliper
Inch Vernier Caliper
Reading the Measurement

1 x 1.000 = 1.000
4 x 0.100 = .400
1 x 0.050 = .050
15 x 0.001 = .015

1.465 in.

A vernier caliper reading of 1.465 in

Dial Caliper
Dial Caliper
• Accurate to within 0.001 inch.
• 1 revolution = .100 or .200 in. of travel
Reading Dial Caliper
• Read number to left of moveable jaw

1.300
+ 0.048
1.348
Example 1

2.100
+ 0.033
2.133
Example 2

5.40
+ 0.34
5.74
Electronic Digital Caliper
Digital Electronic Caliper
• Can provide readings to resolution of
.0005 in. or 0.01 mm at touch of button
• No rack, pinion or glass scale
• Can connect to Statistical Process Control (SPC)
equipment for inspection purposes
Feeler Gauges
• Used to measure the
width of gaps
• The clearance
between valves and
rocker arms
• Flat metal strips of
varying thickness
• Sized from fractions
of an inch or fractions
of a millimeter
• Usually come in sets
with different sizes
and are available in
standard and metric
measurements
Using Feeler Gauges

• Two or more feeler gauges can be stacked together

to make up a desired thickness
• If the feeler gauge feels too loose when measuring
a gap, select next size up.
• Repeat until the feeler gauge has a slight drag
between both parts.
• If the feeler gauge is too tight, select a smaller size.
• When measuring a spark plug gap, feeler gauges
should not be used.