Column Design via Etabs in Accordance to ACI 318-19

Moment of Inertia Reduction Factors

Columns will experience higher axial compression
compared to the beams as a result of this columns will
have fewer cracks and therefore a higher stiffness
modifier value compared to the beams

As a result of the reduced stiffness in the structure, the

overall flexibility will increase. This increased flexibility
will cause the structure to attract lower seismic forces
Additionally, the drift of the structure, which refers to its
lateral displacement, will also increase because of its
relatively flexible nature

ACI 318-19 – Chapter 6

Frame Type – Moment Frame
Moment frame is an assembly of rigidly connected
beams and columns that provide resistance to lateral
forces through the development of bending moments
and shear forces. These frames are designed to carry
horizontal and vertical loads within the same plane and
the rigidity of the connections allows the moment
frame to withstand overturning and lateral forces
caused by bending moments and shear strength
Ordinary Moment Frame
“OMF”
• Expected to withstand limited
inelastic deformations
• This Types of frame system
provides very little resistance
towards the lateral movement
and so it is only used for zero
or low seismic areas
Intermediate Moment Frame Special Moment Frame
“IMF” “SMF”
• Expected to withstand • Expected to withstand
moderate inelastic significant inelastic
deformations deformations
• Typically used in low/mid- • This Types of frame system
seismic regions provides the strongest and
stable connections so it is
Typically used in mid/high-
seismic regions
Slenderness Effect
“K Factor”
The effective length (K) factor of a member in
compression is dependent on the support conditions at
each end.

The higher the K factor, the more the support

conditions hurt the member’s resistance to buckling

Effective Length Factor

Moment Magnification
“Cm Factor”
Moment Modifier Factor (cm) factor of moment
diagram relation
The factored moments and corresponding
magnification factors depend on the identification of
the individual column as either “sway” or “non-sway.”

Cm = 1 “Side Sway”
Cm = 0.6 “Hinged Supported Columns’
ACI 318-19 – Chapter 6
Design Error
O/S #52
Delta ns ”δns” Exceeds max allowed “1.4”

The magnification factor, δns, must be a positive number and greater than one. Therefore, Pu must be
less than 0.75Pc. If Pu is found to be greater than or equal to 0.75Pc, a failure condition is declared

Solutions

1. Calculate K

2. Increase width of column

Design Error
O/S #5
Axial Load on Column Exceeds Euler force

The maximum compressive axial load is limited to ɸ Pc, where, Pu > ɸ Pc = 0.75 Pc

Solutions

1. Increase Column Cross Section

Design Error
O/S #35
Capacity Ratio Exceeds Limit “1”

In case of column section is set for check

Capacity Ratio, Ratio of required RFT to the used RFT

Solutions

1. Increase Column Cross Section

2. Increase RFT ratio

Design Error
O/S #2
Reinforcement Required Exceeds Maximum allowed “6%”

In case of column section is set for design

Solutions

1. Increase Column Cross Section

THANK YOU
Nourhan Serag
Structural Engineer
BIM Coordinator
noourhanm@gmail.com