A.

FUNCTIONS:
1. INGESTION OF FOOD
2. DIGESTION OF FOOD
3. ABSORPTION OF DIGESTED FOOD
4. ELIMINATION OF UNDIGESTED FOOD
 B. PARTS:
1. DIGESTIVE TUBE – STARTING FROM THE MOUTH AND ENDING IN
THE ANUS
2.DIGESTIVE GLANDS – RESPONSIBLE FOR SECRETION OF DIGESTIVE
JUICES CONTAINING ENZYMES FOR DIGESTION OF FOOD
3.ACCESSORY PARTS – LIKE LIPS, TEETH, TONGUE, WHICH AID IN
THE PHYSICAL DIGESTION OF FOOD
 DIGESTIVE TUBE
A. MOUTH – ANTERIOR
OPENING OF THE TUBE
FOR THE ENTRANCE OF
FOOD - SURROUNDED
BY LIPS
B. ORAL CAVITY
– CAVITY IMMEDIATELY POSTERIOR
TO THE MOUTH AND BOUNDED BY THE
-CHEEKS
-TONGUE
- HARD AND SOFT PALATE
-TEETH
- TONSILS
C. PHARYNX
• POSTERIOR
PART OF THE
ORAL CAVITY
FOR PASSAGE OF
FOOD AND AIR
D. ESOPHAGUS
– COLLAPSIBLE MUSCULAR TUBE
EXTENDING FROM THE PHARYNX
THROUGH AN OPENING IN THE
DIAPHRAGM (HIATUS) TO THE
STOMACH
- ABOUT 25 CM LONG AND 0.13 CM IN
DIAMETER
- SECRETES MUCUS AND FACILITATE
PASSAGE OF FOOD
E. STOMACH
– HIGHLY MUSCULAR POUCH FOUND IN THE
EPIGASTRIC AND LEFT HYPOCHONDRIAC
PORTIONS OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY -
DIVIDED INTO A FUNDUS (UPPER PORTION
TOWARDS THE LEFT), A BODY (CENTRAL
PORTION) AND THE PYLORUS (ANTRUM) OR
CONSTRICTED LOWER PORTION. - WITH A
LESSER CURVATURE (UPPER RIGHT
BORDER) AND GREATER CURVATURE
(LOWER LEFT BORDER)
SPHINCTERS:
CARDIAC SPHINCTER - THIS GUARDS
THE OPENING OF THE ESOPHAGUS
AND STOMACH, AND,
PYLORIC SPHINCTER – THIS GUARDS
THE OPENING OF THE PYLORUS INTO
THE DUODENUM - WHERE FOOD IS
PARTIALLY DIGESTED AND STORED
PRIOR TO PASSAGE INTO THE
DUODENUM
F. SMALL INTESTINE
– LONGEST PART OF THE DIGESTIVE TUBE
APPROXIMATELY 6.1 METERS IN LENGTH A 2.5 CM IN
DIAMETER.
- DIVIDED INTO THREE PORTIONS:
- THE ANTERIOR DUODENUM ABOUT 20 CM. IN LENGTH,
- A MIDDLE JEJUNUM ABOUT 2.4 M IN LENGTH, AND THE
- POSTERIOR ILEUM ABOUT 3.6 M IN LENGTH
- RECEIVES SECRETIONS FROM THE LIVER, GALL
BLADDER, AND PANCREAS
- - SITE OF FINAL DIGESTION OF FOOD AND
ABSORPTION OF DIGESTED FOOD.
G. LARGE INTESTINES
– MOST POSTERIOR PART OF THE
DIGESTIVE TUBE APPROXIMATELY 1.5M
LONG, AND 6.3 CM. IN DIAMETER
- DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS:
- THE CAECUM (FIRST 5- 7.6 CM);
- COLON (ASCENDING, TRANSVERSE,
DESCENDING,
- AND SIGMOID AND THE RECTUM (17.7
OR 20.3 CM) - FOR WATER AND NA ION
ABSORPTION AND TEMPORARY
STORAGE OF FECAL MATTER
 H. ANUS
– TERMINAL
OPENING OF
THE DIGESTIVE
TUBE FOR
DEFECATION.
DIGESTIVE GLANDS
A. SALIVARY GLANDS
1. PAROTID GLANDS – BELOW THE
EAR
2. SUB MAXILLARY GLANDS –
FLOOR OF THE ORAL CAVITY
CLOSE TO THE ANGLE OF THE JAW
3. SUBLINGUAL GLAND – FLOOR
OF THE CAVITY UNDER THE
TONGUE
B. GASTRIC GLANDS
- MICROSCOPIC
GLANDS FOUND IN
THE GASTRIC
MUCOSA
- SECRETE GASTRIC
JUICE PROVIDED
WITH ENZYMES
C. GOBLET CELLS
MICROSCOPIC
UNICELLULAR GLANDS
FOUND IN THE INTESTINAL
MUCOSA
- SECRETE INTESTINAL JUICE
OR SUCCUSENTERICUS
WITH ENZYMES
D. LIVER - LARGEST GLAND DIVIDED INTO LOBES
FUNCTIONS:
1.CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM –
2. FAT METABOLISM –STORAGE OF FATS
3. PROTEIN METABOLISM – VARIOUS PROTEINS
SYNTHESIS, UREA FORMATION
4. SECRETS BILE – IMPORTANT FOR THE
EMULSIFICATION OF FATS PRIOR TO DIGESTION
AND SERVE AS A MEDIUM FOR EXCRETION OF
CHOLESTEROL AND BILE PIGMENTS
5. DECONTAMINATES VARIOUS SUBSTANCES
6. VITAMINS METABOLISM STORES VITAMIN A, D,
K, AND B12 SYNTHESIZES VITAMIN B3
 E. PANCREAS
- LARGE LOBULATED GLAND
WHICH IS BOTH AN ENDOCRINE
AND EXOCRINE GLAND -
PANCREATIC CELLS CONNECTED
WITH PANCREATIC DUCTS -
SECRETE PANCREATIC JUICE AND
ENZYMES
C. DIGESTION
- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONVERSION
OF FOOD TO SIMPLE ABSORBABLE FORMS.
1. SIMPLE SUGAR FROM CARBOHYDRATES
2.AMINO ACIDS FROM PROTEINS
3. FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL FROM
LIPIDS
4. NUCLEOTIDES FROM NUCLEIC ACID