Drug Study

Drug Name: Losartan - is an angiotensin receptor blocker used to treat hypertension and diabetic
nephropathy, and is used to reduce the risk of stroke.

Classification: Angiotensin receptor blockers

Indication:

Losartan is indicated to treat hypertension in patients older than 6 years, reduce the risk of stroke in
patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (though this benefit may not extend to
patients with African heritage), and to treat diabetic nephropathy with elevated serum creatinine and
proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Losartan with hydrochlorothiazide is
indicated to treat hypertension and to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension and left
ventricular hypertrophy (though this benefit may not extend to patients with African heritage).

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity to losartan and it’s component

Pharmacodynamics:

Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker used to treat hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, and to
reduce the risk of stroke. Losartan has a long duration of action as it is given once daily.3,4 Patients
taking losartan should be regularly monitored for hypotension, renal function, and potassium levels

Adverse Effects:

 Cough ; placebo
 Upper respiratory tract infection
 Dizziness
 Nasal congestion
 Back pain

Side Effects:

 Blurred vision

 burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, "pins and needles", or tingling feelings

 confusion

 difficult breathing

 dizziness

 dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position

 fainting

 fast or irregular heartbeat

 nausea or vomiting
  nervousness

 numbness or tingling in the hands, feet, or lips

 stomach pain

 sweating

 unusual tiredness or weakness

 weakness or heaviness of the legs

Nursing Considerations

 may cause hypotension, tacycardia, angiodema, hyperkalemia

 may increase digoxin levels
 assess blood pressure and heart rate
 assess fluid levels
 monitor daily the blood pressure

Drug Name: Amlodipine

Classification: calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension and angina

Indication: Amlodipine may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive and
antianginal agents for the treatment of the following conditions
• Hypertension

• Coronary artery disease

• Chronic stable angina

• Vasospastic angina (Prinzmetal’s or Variant angina)

Pharmacodynamics: Amlodipine has a strong affinity for cell membranes, modulating calcium influx by
inhibiting selected membrane calcium channels. This drug's unique binding properties allow for its long-
acting action and less frequent dosing regimen.

Contraindication: Amlodipine is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to amlodipine

or its dosage form components. In addition, amlodipine is relatively contraindicated in patients with
cardiogenic shock, severe aortic stenosis, unstable angina, severe hypotension, heart failure, and
hepatic impairment.

Adverse Effects: The significant adverse effects of amlodipine include peripheral edema, heart failure,
pulmonary edema, flushing, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, skin rash, nausea, abdominal pain, and
constipation. Researchers observed edema, dizziness, flushing, and palpitations in controlled clinical
trials in a dose-dependent manner.
Side Effects: Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not
all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

More common

 Swelling of the ankles or feet

Less common

 Chest tightness
 difficult or labored breathing
 dizziness
 fast, irregular, pounding, or racing heartbeat or pulse
 feeling of warmth
 redness of the face, neck, arms, and occasionally, upper chest

Nursing Considerations:
 Monitor patient carefully (BP, cardiac rhythm, and output) while adjusting drug to
therapeutic dose; use special caution if patient has CHF.
 Monitor BP very carefully if patient is also on nitrates.
 Monitor cardiac rhythm regularly during stabilization of dosage and periodically during
long-term therapy.
 Administer drug without regard to meals.

Drug Name: Clopidogrel

Classification: Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Indication: Clopidogrel is indicated to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction for patients with non-ST
elevated acute coronary syndrome (ACS), patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction, and in recent
MI, stroke, or established peripheral arterial disease
Pharmacodynamics: Clopidogrel is a prodrug of a platelet inhibitor used to reduce the risk of myocardial
infarction and stroke. It has a long duration of action as it is taken once daily and a large therapeutic
window as it is given in doses of 75-300mg daily.
Contraindications:
Clopidogrel is contraindicated in patients with active pathological bleeding such as peptic ulcer or
intracranial hemorrhage.
Adverse Effects:
 Chest Pain
 Fatigue
 Hypertension
 Epistaxis
 Bronchitis
Side Effects:
More common
• Collection of blood under the skin
• deep, dark purple bruise
• itching, pain, redness, or swelling
Less common
• Bloody nose
• bloody, black, or tarry stools vomiting
Nursing Considerations:
 Discontinue medication seven days before elective surgery if antiplatelet effect is not desirable.

Proposed Health Promotion Plan: Clean Environment, Space and Personal Hygiene

1. HYPERTENSION OR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

 Nutritional Modifications and Blood Pressure

Modifying your diet can aid in the management of high blood pressure.

INCREASE YOUR VEGETABLE AND FRUIT CONSUME

o Consuming fruits and vegetables can help to lower your blood pressure, lower your
chance of stroke, heart disease, and other underlying medical disorders; it can also
enhance your general health and way of life.

SODUIM REDUCTION (SALT)

o Decreasing consumption of salt could avert the occurrence of hypertension; it is also

one of the most cost-effective approaches to enhance health and lower the risk of
hypertension.

REDUCE STRESS

Chronic psychological stress might lead to high blood pressure; however, there are
o
certain strategies to avoid stress, such as making time to relax, practicing breathing
techniques, and engaging in hobbies or fun activities may help you shift your
attention away from stress.
2. PERSONAL HYGIENE

HAND WASHING
 o Washing one’s body and hair with soap and water on a daily basis is a practice in
personal hygiene. Microorganisms can be stopped from spreading by using good
washing techniques.

PUT ALL NECESSARY TOILETRIES IN AN EASY TO ACCESS SPOT

o For the client to be able to access everything he/she needs while bathing himself
without any help.

SHOWER CHAIR

o It is necessary to have this because it is easier to bath the client if there is a shower
chair

TOILET USE TO SEPARATE FECES AND URINE FROM PEOPLE

o For safety purposes and to maintain the cleanliness.

3. CLIENT ENVIRONMENT

CLEARING OUT AND DUST OFF

o Get rid of and organize anything else that should not be in the client's bedroom,
keep dust from accumulating within the room, sweep the floor and keep trash off
the floor to avoid dust and contamination, keep dust and spider webs at bay, and
provide the client with a comfortable and clean sleeping environment.