Professional Documents
Culture Documents
UNIT-I
BASIC COMMUNICATION
Communication-Meaning and Definition - Medium of communication- Barriers to
communication.
UNIT-II
LISTENING
Needs and advantages of listening – Active – Elements of active listening with
reading –Coherence of listening with reading & speaking.
UNIT-III
SPEAKING
Features of effective speech – Role Play –Conversation building –Topic
presentation – Group discussion.
UNIT-IV
READING
Comprehensive of Technical & non- Technical material – Skimming Scanning -
Inferring guessing.
UNIT-V
WRITING
Writing effective sentences –cohesive writing-clarity & conciseness in writing –
Resumes & job applications.
SECTION-A
1. Define the term communication.
G.C BROWN:
Communication is the transfer of Information from one person to another
whether or not it elicits confidence but the information transferred must be
understandable to the receiver.
ALLEN:
Communication is the sum of all the things one person does when he wants
to create understanding in the minds of others.
2. What do you mean by communication?
The word „communication‟ has been derived from the Latin word
„Communize„which means common. Communication thus is the process of sharing
facts ideas and opinions in common. Communication is said to take place when an
individual conveys some information to another.
3. What do you mean by Barriers to communication?
Miscommunication can originate at three levels at the level of the transmitter
of the medium or of the receiver. In technical parlance anything that obstructs free
flow of communication is called noise or we many refer to it simply as a „barrier‟
to communication. In the present chapter we shall try to understand some of the
major barriers and ways to overcome them.
4. What do you mean by medium of communication?
Whatever we want to communicate something we have variety of media to
choose from oral, written, visual, audio-visual computer based etc.. All these
media have their relative merits and demerits.
5. What is External communication?
External communication includes communication with government agencies
and departments on the one hand and distributors, retailers, individual customer
and general public on the other.
6. Write any two merits oral communication?
* Oral message do not have any legal validity unless they are taped and
made a part of permanent record.
* In oral messages, responsibilities for mistakes if any cannot be specifically
assigned.
7. What do you mean by upward communication?
The communication channel which pushes the flow of information upwards
is known as the upward channel of communication. It is only recently that
managers have come to recognize the important of upward communication.
8. What do you mean by Order?
Order is an authoritative communication. It is a directive to somebody,
always a subordinate to do something to modify or alter the course of something he
is already doing or not to organization, orders are absolutely necessary for it. The
downward flow of information is dominated by orders.
9. What is Information?
One of the most important objectives of communication is passing or
receiving information about a particular fact or circumstance. It can be done either
through spoken or written language or by using any other system of signs or
signals.
10. Write any two Important of Horizontal Communication?
*Job co ordination
*Decision making
11. Write the communication skills?
*Written
*Oral
*Computer based
*Audio and Visual communication
SECTION-B
1. Write short note on:
a) Internal communication.
b) External communication.
a) Internal communication:
Effective Internal communication is considered important for the
follows.
*Batter co ordination:
All the organizational activities are geared towards greater
productivity, leading to increased profitability and hence greater
prosperity for one and all. This call for a concerted and co ordinate
effort by all the departments. Greater harmony in team , work, quicker
decision-making, quicker problem solving and quicker conflict
resolution.
*Conducive work atmosphere:
If there existseffective communication between the
management and the employees, it helps to bring about an atmosphere
of mutual trust and confidence. This mutual understanding is
extremely beneficial to both the parties. The management gets better
returns the employees getjob satisfaction. They also develop a sense
of belonging and loyalty to the organization.
b) External Communication:
External communication includes communication with
government agencies and departments on the one head and
distributors, retailers, individual customers and general public on the
others.
*Government agencies and departments:
Business organizations are required to deal with licensing
authorities, foreign trade offices, customs authorities, banks and other
financial institutions, income-tax and sales-tax offices, post offices,
transporters, etc. Quite frequently they find themselves in formidable
and tricky situations that can be handled only through tactful
negotiation and is nothing but communication.
*Ad agencies distributors, retailers, individual customers, etc.
Modern business is a highly competitive phenomenon. Each
product of common consumption is available in myriads of brands,
not all of which sell equally well.
Marketing research has revealed that the organizations that can
communicate better also sell better. Sales are promoted through
persuasion is another aspect of communication
2. What is Information Planning?
Managers whose primary job is planning need detailed information of
various kinds.
*Environmental Information:
SECTION-C
1. Explain the sources of information.
*Old files:
A great deal of internal information is readily available in the old files of
the organisation. Past performance of the organisations as well as its employees
can be easily known from the old files.
*Observation:
Valuable information about the efficiency and reliability of the
employees can be gained personal observation.
*Mass media communication:
Mass media communication like the radio, television, cinema,
newspapers, and journals are all time throwing information. It is very important to
expose ourselves to these media and glean relevant information. A part of
magazines meant for general reading there are journal exclusively devoted to
specialized fields.
*Library research:
A good library is a store house of information. It is only in a library that
we can gain access to reference books, research publications files of old journal,
pamphlets, government publications various kinds. Statistical reports etc... now
there are libraries of taps, records and films also.
*Chambers of commerce:
The membership of such chambers is supposed to be very useful these
days. They keep their members abreast of all developments that have any bearing
on their activities.
*Meetings seminars and conferences:
Large business house often sponsor national and international seminars
and conferences. They invite experts in various fields and offer them an
opportunity to share their knowledge and experience with others participation in
such seminars and conference proves to be a very educative experience.
*Personal Interview:
Information can also be gathered through personal interviews with
prominet people in the political field experts in professional fields and the
members of general public.
*Questionnaires:
Information about the popularity of company's products and their
salebility is often collected by circulating carefully prepared questionnaires among
the consumers and the retailers.
*Trade fairs and exhibitions:
Big fairs and exhibitions have become a regular feature of modern life.
All pavilions relate to one central theme. They may highlight agricultural
development book production, electronic industry, or any other such theme. All
information related to that theme is collected at one place. In this way they become
an important source of information.
*Current electronic communication media in particular internet computers
network:
It now offers access to latest information on all subjects under the sum
almost at the flick of your finger. The world of communication is virtually being
revolutionised by the latest electronic media.
1.Levelling
2.Sharpening
3.Assimilation
The basic cause for this is the fact that there are different types of listening
Passive Listening
Marginal Listening
Wider perspective
a) Why
b) Who
c) Where
d) When
e) What
f) How
The concept of incorporating the above as extremely useful tools in the art of
writing fiction was first propagated by Rudyard kipling.
This is the most important type of listening. The receiver absorbs all that is
being said and also makes an attempt to verify all that he has been listening to
when combined with sensitive Listening it can result in the best kind of listening
with the receiver moving in accordance with the intent of the speakes.
The physical presence but mental absence of the Listenes can be defined as
passive listening as leasing all that is being said is being Heard but not really
absorbed .
In passive listening there is no invasion on the thought process or an
onsdaught of ideas which could probably change the trend of thinking or
strengthen the pre-conceived ideas of the receiver.
SECTION B
The image of a camera can be used to understand the concept. The receiver
frame of reference is like the pin hole in the camera through which he views the
outside world / perspective of the speaker and tries to being about an
amalgamation of the two.
The receiver in this case tries to bring about a union between the experience
of the sender and his own in such a manner as if it were just a combination of the
micro and the macro. Micro. in this case would be the narrow perspective of the
receiver while the macro is the broader perspective presented by the sender.
Passive Listening:-
The physical presence but mental absence of the listener canbe defined as
passive listening or hearing. All that is being said is being heard but not really
absorbed . Absorption of the spoken words comes only when there is “ sharpening”
and “assimilation” . In the absence of these two processes real (or) meaningful
listening cannot take place.
1) Levelling
2) Sharpening
3) Assimihation
Successful progression and completion of these three stages determine the
accuracy of the listening process To elaborate let us take the example of a
gardencer the process then could well, be simplified and understood.
The first stage in gardening is that of leveling the ground and shifting the soil.
This is followed by marketing of the spots where the saplings are to be planted.
The final stage is the planting of the saplings, watering them and then waiting for
them to catch root.
This process is some what similar to the one observed in listening. At the
time of Listening the mind is left open for any inflow of information. The brain
then automatically sifts and separates the “Sensical” from the “non sencial “
according to its priorities.
Only those spoken words which are considered important by the listener are
absorbed or assimilated. In other words, sharpening of verbal inputs by the mental
filter comprises the second phase of the listening process. However, in the minds
of the sender and the receiver there could be a discrepancy in the degree of
importance assigned to various issues or topics which might give rise to errors in
listening.
The concept of incorporating the above as extremely useful tools in the art of
writing fiction was first propagated by by Rudyard kipling. Subsequent to this,
exports in various disciplines realized the need of these helpers in their specific
areas.
To educate: provision of all facts to the issue should be discussed so that there us
greater comprehension on the part of the receiver.
To empathise: This means observance of an empathetic attitude empathise with the
interactions; feel or at least indicate that similar feelings are being shared.
Where and When: These imply the place and the context. After your message is
formulated try and visualize the position of your co-interactant. Where would he
be when be receives your message? The format and tone of your message should
change in accordance with the place where it is going to be delivered.
(a) At the work place: It is always transaction – oriented (ie) geared towards
the accomplishment of a particular task.
(b) At home; It is a combination of transaction it is extremely formal and
precise, in the other, it is casual and can range from formal to informal
depending on the relationship you share with the co-communicator.
What: The obviously fouses round the subject matter of the message. What
exactly do you wish to communicate and what is the need to do so? The answer to
these queries can be determined by studying the profile of the audience.
How? How do we achieve the right effect? To what purpose can we use the five
Ws so as to secure the undivided attention of the tone and the delivery which we
adopt to deliver the message.
Being so interested in what you have to say that you listen mainly to find an
opening to get the floor.
Not asking for classification when you know that you do not understand
effective in helping the person see the flows in his/her position.
SECTION C
There might be instances when the mind get distracted and then finds
it difficult to get back to the position from where is left off. Instead of
getting back to the original locate in the middle of the semi-circle, it might
just say further down the arch. In such instances, we have what is known as
a :Listening error” in which for some time the listener is oblivious of what is
being said or spoken as he is lost in his own reverie.
Advantages of listening:
your understanding to the message. Parroting bark the words verbatim is annoying
Don‟t respond to just the meaning of the words, look for the feelings or
the sender‟s message, it may appropriate to respond with your own position.
Active listening is a very effective first response when the other person is
Disadvantage of Listener:
Being 80 interested inwhat you have to say thay you listen mainly to find an
Formulating and listening to your own rebuttal to what the speaker is saying
Listening to your own personal beliefs about the speaker or the message.
Not asking for clarification when you know that you do not understand.
Effective speaking has nothing to do with the outdated concept of „elocution‟ where
everyone was encouraged to speak in the same „correct‟ manner. Rather, effective speaking
concerns being able to speak in a public context with confidence and clarity, whilst at the same
time reflecting one‟s personality.
Presentation skills basically refer to the ability to communicate in an effective way whether
in small or large groups. The process involves explaining and showing the content of either a
topic to an audience. To be an effective communicator, one has to keep on practicing so as to
become efficient and effective.
A time has been set for your presentation, then it‟s your responsibility to finish it within that
time. Consider it as part of the contract between you and your audience.
You can‟t keep to time unless you know beforehand how long you should be talking. Your
“talking time” is different than the total time you‟ve been given for your presentation for two
reasons:
You need to allow time for questions. This may be decided by the meeting organizer.
If not, as a rule of thumb I would allow 20-25% of your presentation time for
questions.
Generally, live presentations take longer than the rehearsal. This is because of a
combination of factors. You might start a couple of minutes late, you might take
longer to make a point, and there may be other interruptions that delay you.
So if your presentation time is one hour, your talking time will be 40 minutes (15 minutes
for questions and 5 minutes for interruptions and delays).
Group discussion is the free exchange of ideas on a topic. The group may have a leader and
recorder however all opinions are welcome whether a conclusion is determined or not.
Meaning and voluntary gathering of individuals (in person, through a conference call, or
website to exchange ideas, information, and suggestions on needs, problems, subjects, problems,
subjects, etc., of mutual interest. Discussion groups are on of the mainstays of the popularity of
internet.
Extemporaneous speaking
7. What is Role play?
One common misunderstanding the players have about role – players is that required of you
to learn to medieval speech in order to role – play. Using thee and thou and all sorts of special
speech in order to fit in.
I‟m here to tell you that character does not have to talk like this to role – play. You most
certainly can speak this way if you wish to, but most role- players will accept normal speech for
role – play.
SECTION - B
When called upon to make a speech, consider the following suggestions to help make
your speech more interesting, worth- while and fun for both your audience.
Prepare
Find out about your target audience. Consider their interests, their ages, their needs and
anything else about them that will help you connect with them.
Write down the purpose of the speech (or review the learning objectives), and decide on
the ideas that should be covered.
Talk with others who know the subject, and make notes of their ideas.
Outline your speech, including only the most important points. Put them into a logical
sequence.
Practice
Rehearse your speech until you have it well in mind. Some presenters like to use a tape
recorder so that they can hear themselves.
Write in your notes the time allotted to major points. This will help you stay within the
time limits.
Try to be ready for extem –poraneous speaking, with an occasional look at your outline.
Do not memorize or read it word for word.
When you are well pre – pared, you will feel at ease during the speech. Also, it helps to
take a fee deep breaths before you begin.
Personalize
Make each person feel that you are talking to him or her. Look at the audience as
individuals, not as a group. If you are nervous, find a friendly face in the audience, and direct
your remarks to that person for the first few minutes.
Watch the group‟s reaction as you go. Stay close to their interests.
Use thought – provoking questions. This will help stimulate everyone‟s thinking. It also
will help you get feedback from participants, which will tell you whether they under – stand
what you are saying.
Illustrate
Use a chalkboard or flip chart to list your main points, or draw diagrams or sketches
while you talk. Training aids help make your speech more interesting and reinforce the learning
process .
Balance what you say with what you show. Don‟t let visual aid be so elabo- rate that is
distracting.
Show that equipment and materials needed to do what you are talking about.
Pace yourself
Summaraise
Restate the main idea or problem, its importance, and the major points you have made.
Give your listeners a chance to ask questions either during or after the speech.
SECTION - C
The following public speaking rules were developed after attending the FBI‟s Employee
assistance program in April 2000. Updated in May 2012, these guidelines are not intended to
guarantee absolute success in all aspects of public speaking. They are, however, calculated
insights based on lesions learned.
1. When giving a presentation, speakers should not display mobile phones, pagers, or other
electronic devices. These objects signal to the audience that the attention is not entirely
devoted to them.
2. Presenters need to remove lanyards, and large jewelry. These are very distracting.
3. Lecturers can enhance their appearance by wearing small pins on their lapels. This gives
the impression that they are larger than just a single individual they are part of an
organization or group with a bigger cause.
4. When speaking, orators should avoid using phrases like “As Mr.X (the previous speaker)
just said…” the audience may wonder why the presenter is speaking when Mr. X already
said it all.
5. If an individual is not the primary speaker and a colleague is making a presentation, it is
important to avoid jumping in and adding commentary. Input should only be given if
asked for or if the presenter is saying something blatantly false or misleading.
Interruptions undermine credibility.
6. Presenters should repeat questions before answering, especially if the room is large. This
allows time to think about the response. It also helps frame the question, displays
listening skills, and ensures that the audience hears the question.
7. It is essential to avoid saying “good question” or “excellent question” it can appear
insincere. If it is not said after every query, the person will not focus on the answer but
will wonder whether the question was not good.
8. When asking questions, audience members should raise their hands, speak loudly and
clearly, and present their query in less than 15 seconds. Ensure that questions are not
rambling monologues. Speakers who are audience members should follow these rules and
ask their listeners to do the same.
9. No matter how good speakers are think they are they must never go over the allotted
time, including the question and answer period. This is especially critical if speaking
right before lunch.
10. After the presentation, it is important to ask if there are any questions, stop talking, and
remain silent for about five seconds. During this time, the speaker can scan the audience
and ensure no hands are raised. Presenters must avoid asking for questions, then
continuing to speak.
11. It is imperative to engage the audience with genuine and direct, but non – aggressive, eye
contact for two to four seconds. Orators should not glance from one side of the room to
the other or look at people‟s foreheads or chins.
12. Presenters must avoid speaking in continuing, run –on sentences. They should not give a
20-minuts speech in one sentence. It is important to break word flow into distinct,
separate segments and is acceptable to pause for a few seconds.
13. When presenting, individuals should vary their pace of delivery, pitch, volume, and tone.
They have the stage and should not worry that someone is going to interrupt.
14. It is imperative for speakers to avoid any unconscious, nervous behavior such and
clicking a pen, jiggling coins, or playing with keys that would make noise or distract the
audience.
SECTION–A
1.What do you mean by Reading ?
Reading means for the key components of reading skills are reading speed,
comprehension, efficiency and retention. Each ofthese components needs to be
understood and mastered to enhance the reading skills.
2.What do you mean by skimming and scanning ?
Skimming :
In this kind of reading,the eyes of the reader go through all the material but
usually by skipping the details.
Scanning :
It is the fastest kind of reading where the reading speed may reach up to 3000
words per minute. Scanning the material is being done for a finite and highly
specific purpose.
3.Define : The term “Reading”.
G.K Chesterton
Also speaks about the importance of reading and living in the literary horizons of
great intellectual luminaires. One must read constantly and regularly to equip one‟s
mind with the latest information in his own subjects like engineering medical,
science or Art or Technical subject.
4.Whatdo you mean by Passive Reading ?
Passive Reading means by his own calibre to read, whether he is passive
reader. The habit of pondering over a textbook or a reference books.
5.What do you mean by Active Reading ?
Reading should be done as an active process by involving the mind along with the
body. If a person reads passively, his comprehension will be the
lowest.
6.What do you mean by comprehension communication ?
If the reading speed is slower, comprehension rate will be higher.
A reader may improve his reading speed. without compromising his ability to
understand and comprehend communication.
7.What do you mean by Technical communication ?
Technical communication for memory is the store house of experiences and
learning. It is true that all the learning the cannot be stored forever, though same
experience and teachings remain forever in our memory.
8.What do you mean by Interesting Guessing ?
Interesting Guessing means to be if the reader finds reading
material interesting, he will if definitely read it faster understand it and retain it for
a longer time on the other hand, if the reading material is boring or not of interest
to the reader. his efficiency will be hindered accordingly.
SECTION –B
1.Explain the needs of Reading .
There are various factors which affect reading speed and comprehension ability
and over all reading efficiency of a person vary from person to person.
Educational back Ground :
A well educated person may have a higher reading efficiency
then one who is a literate.
Physical capability :
Sometimes, some physical defect in some persons may
Hinder their efficiency to read and comprehend.
Mental capability :
People have different mental capabilities, while some are
born intellectuals,others acquire intelligence through their efforts. A higher
mental capability will definitely lead to a better reading efficiency and
retention.
Interest :
If the reader finds reading material interesting he will definitely read it faster,
understand it and retain it for a longer time. On the other hand, if the reading,
material is boring or not of interest to the reader, his efficiency will be hindered
accordingly.
Practice :
Reading speed is a bye product of practice and time spent on reading. Avoid
readers enhance their reading skills by stepping up their reading. It is rightly
said, “practice makes a man perfect”.
2.Explain about skimming scanning .
Skimming :
In this kind of reading, the eyes of the reader go through all the material but
usually by skipping the details. When this kind of reading is practiced by a
reader, he can read the material at rates as high as 1500 words per minute. It is
done to grasp main ideas and to review previously read material. Usually
,executives skim newspaper journals and magazines due to busy schedules and
shortage of time.
Scanning :
It is the fastest kind of reading where the reading speed may reach up to 3000
words per minute. Scanning the material is being done for a finite and highly
specific purpose .In this , the purpose of reading is basically to search for a
particular information .A person proficient in scanning will see little or nothing
other than the information, which he is seeking.
3. write short notes on:
(a)Scanning (b)Guessing
a) Scanning:
It is the fastest kind of reading where the reading speed may reach up to 3000
words per minute, scanning the material is being done for a finite and highly
specific purpose. In this, the purpose of reading is basically to search for a
particular information. a person proficient in scanning will see little or nothing
other than the information, which he is seeking.
b) Guessing:
Guessing fires one‟s imagination, kindles one‟s thirst for knowledge and broadens
one‟s mental horizons. The mind like a large room with man
windows. Guessing is one of the main windows of our mind.
4. Explain comprehensive communication.
It is the understanding of the read material. There is more or less an inverse
relationship between reading speed and understanding of material. if the reading
speed is slower, comprehension rate will be higher. However, this may not be true
always .a reader may improve his reading speed, without compromising his ability
to understand and comprehend.it is also often observed that good and speedy
readers have good comprehension ability and poor readers have poor
comprehension ability. Comprehension of a person can be tested in two ways.
5.Explain in detail about .
(a)Passive Reading (b)Active Reading
(a) Passive Reading :
Passive reading means by his own calibre to read, whether he is passive reader, the
habit of pondering over a text book or a reference books .to make this task easier
one should jot down what all that are essential, memorable and quotable from the
text book.
(b) Active Reading :
Reading should be done as an active process. By involving the mind along with
the body. If a person reads passively his comprehension will be the lowest. This
passive effort to read the material will waste the time and energy ofthe reader, who
has to read for a longer time to comprehend the material.
SECTION-C
1.Explain the Golden Rules of Reading .
Reading meaning:
Reading fires one‟s imagination. Kindles one‟s thirst for knowledge. The mind is
like a large room with many windows . Reading is one of the main windows of our
mind.
(a) Read selectively :
Before you start reading ask the question whether it is going to give you
useful and relevant information to your subject .select books for reading
accordingly.
(b) Read with a critical mind and evaluate :
For some books are to be tasted, others to be Swallowed and some few
to be chewed and digested “. Bacon so read critically.
(c) Read a book seriously and reflect on the ideas expressed there for :
“A good book is the precious life –blood of a master spirit embalmed and
treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life”. Areopagitica - Milton. So be aware
of the values of books.
(d)Read with a thirst for knowledge :
For the author of the books spends months and years in reading before writing a
book. “The greatest part of a writer‟s time is spent in reading, in order to write
.aman will turn over of a library to make one book”.Boswell‟s Life of Johnson.
Only thirst for knowledge will lead one to the foundation of wisdom.
(e)Read not a book before reviewing:
For one should not read a book without knowing its worth,whether it is written by
experts or a genius or an expert on the field of study. In reading books one, “finds
tongues in trees ,books in the running brooks, sermons in stones and good in
everything” Shakespeare , As you Like it.
(f)Read the books of wisdom :
For they are true Universities of these days.The impact of books on the mind is
like, “ Little drops of water, little grains of sand make the mighty ocean and the
pleasant land . these books make the mighty ages of eternity”
(g)Read books to extract important details :
The main ideas and the important details go hand in hand. Verbal signposts (i.e)
word printed in Italics or bold face type or verbal signposts like words and phrases,
should help you pick out the key ideas and significant details. it will suffice from
the examination point of view, to remember the main ideas.
2.How to reading skills for Skimming and Scanning .
(a) Careful Reading :
It is the slowest kind of reading. In the kind of reading, the speed varies between
50 to 350 words per minute. This reading is popularly used for analysis. Problem
solving, proof-reading and accuracy checking. The material read is retained In the
memory for a longer period.
(b)Rapid Reading :
It is the simple kind of reading where the speed will range from 300 to 600 words
per minute. When the Conceptual burden of the material read on the is light or
when the retention of material for a longer period is not required. Rapid reading
process is followed.
(c)Skimming
In this kind of reading, the eyes of the reader go through all the material but
usually by skipping the details. when this kind of reading is practiced by a reader,
he can read thematerial at rates as high as 1500 words per minute.it is done to
grasp main ideas and to review previously read material . usually, executives skim
newspaper, journals and magazines due to busy schedules and shortage of time.
(d)Scanning:
It is the fastest kind of reading where the reading speed may reach up to 3000
words per minute, scanning the material is being done for a finite and highly
specific purpose. In this, the purpose of reading is basically to search for a
particular information. A Person-proficient in scanning will see little or nothing
other than the information, which he is seeking.
3.write the short notes on Reading Learning Cycle .
(i) A good reader has a wider recognition span and reads very fast.
(ii) The recognition of a good reader is to develop a keep “phrase sense” or
meaningful reading phrases.
(iii)A good reader groups meaningfully phrases ,and words. When you watch a
T.V programme, you see the whole picture and get a broad outline of what you are
learning.
(iv) A poor reading is unable to group together the ideas expressed in a book.
(v)A good reader reads by “thought units” and finds facts and
details.
(vi) A good reader reads between the lines and becomes alert to new terms and
concepts.
(vii) A good readers to find out the main point and sub-points.
(viii) A reader is a great thinker and looks for specific facts.
(ix) A student must focus on his field of interest.
(x) The more you read, the wider will be your knowledge and
Interests.
(xi) This called the reading learning cycle.
(xii) Enjoy your reading, for reading gives mental pleasure.
(xiii)Read selectively and put a question to yourself before you short
reading.
(xiv) Read critically and evaluate the reading material.
(xv) Watch out for hidden explosives.
(xvi) Spend time on serious. Articles and critical reviews.
(xvii) Your reading should be objective, even when the nature of the subject is a
controversy, a narrative or a theory.
(xviii) You should check the validity of statements by comparing with the books of
authors.
(xix) Reading with understanding helps one to acquire knowledge‟.
(xx) Reading and thinking helps one to acquire wisdom.
SECTION - A
Clarity and conciseness often go hand in hand: writing that focuses directly on a
point and maximizes meaning with minimum wordiness tends to be both clear and
concise. Revising for clarity of meaning often makes prose more concise and vice
versa. This handout offers tips for keeping academic writing clear and concise.
You have the drive, you have the passion, and you‟re more than willing to put
in the time it takes to finish a manuscript. But you also want to make sure your
work is clean, compelling, and perfectly structured.
SECTION – B
Clarity and conciseness often go hand in hand: writing that focuses directly on a
point and maximizes meaning with minimum wordiness tends to be both clear and
concise. Revising for clarity of meaning often marks prose more concise and vice
versa. This handout offers tips for keeping academic writing clear and concise.
Express actions in verbs (avoid nominalization)
Original : a revision of the program will result in increases in our efficiency in the
servicing of our customers.
Writers sometimes feel the urge to add emphasis to their prose by using extra
words or phrases that don‟t contribute much to the meaning (and indeed,
sometimes obscure it). Consider the following:
It is absolutely vital that… (what does vital mean? Can something be only
sort of vital?)
Their strategy is quite unique. (what does unique mean? Are there degrees of
uniqueness?)
The rules of thumb discussed above are useful not only when you draft an essay,
but also when you revise. Try the following on your own writing, especially in
passages you find inelegant or unnecessarily wordy:
Your resume is our first introduction to you, so be sure to prepare a resume that
helps you stand out. The best resumes are concise, focused, error – free and simple
to read.
General tips:
Use the job description to determine skills that are required for the
position.
Make a list of the skills that you possess that match the skills in the
description.
Choose to either use or not use periods at the end of bulleted points be
consistent.
Resume should present your qualifications, transferrable skills, job
stability, and position history; focus on the skills that will be important to
the hiring manager.
Do not include be one page two if you have substantial related work
experience.
If you have an online presence that you would like the hiring manager to
see, include the web address.
Another option is to include a QR code
If using a QR code, also include the web address and make sure it stays
updated
Proofread your resume, have a friend proofread it, and read it backwards
to catch mistakes.
4. How will you prepare the job application?
One of the most important parts of any job interview is the application. Filling
out the job application may be part of what gets you hired, or not. Even if you
provide a resume, the potential employer may still need questions answered on
a job application. Two main items must be considered when filling out the job
application.
Information Requirements
Reference information
Information Requirements
Reference information
When filling out the reference portion of the job application, be sure that
your references are aware they will be supplying this service for you. Answering
questions about a job application without prior notice can surprise references
causing problems. Here are three are three pieces of information you will want
when filling out the resume section for job applications.
Providing references who will be able and willing to give positive accounts of
your skills and personality helps employers answer questions about the job
applications.
SECTION - C
2. Functional resume :
The combination resume basically takes the best parts of the chronological
as well as the functional resume. The combination resume makes a note of your
work history, as giving special attention to your qualities and qualifications on a
professional level.