Music of India

26/07/2020 Music of India - Wikipedia
Music of India
The music of India includes multiple varieties of classical
music, folk music, filmi, Indian rock, and Indian pop. Indian pop Music of India
and Indian rock are derived from western rock and roll. India's
classical music tradition, including Hindustani music, Bhartiya
music and Carnatic, has a history spanning millennia and
developed over several areas. Music in India began as an integral
part of socio-religious life.
Contents
History
Pre-history
Paleolithic A Lady Playing the Tanpura, c. 1735
Neoolithic (Rajasthan)
Indus-Saraswati Civilization Genres
Vedic and ancient era
Traditional
Medieval era
Classical (Carnatic · Hindustani) ·
Modern era Folk · Borgeet · Baul · Bhajan ·
Classical music Odissi · Rabindra Sangeet · Thumri ·
Carnatic music Dadra · Chaiti · Kajari · Sufi (Ghazal
Hindustani music · Qawwali)
Light classical music
Modern
Folk music
Bhangra and Giddha Bhangra (Bhangragga) · Blues ·
Bihu and Borgeet Filmi (Bollywood · Ghazal ·
Dandiya Qawwali) · Chakwood · Goa trance ·
Haryanvi Dance · Indi-pop (Asian
Himachali Underground) · Jazz · Rock (Bengali
Jhumair and Domkach · Raga)
Lavani Media and performance
Manipuri Music Filmfare Awards ·
Marfa music awards Sangeet Natak Akademi
Mizo Award
Odissi Music Saptak Festival of Music ·
Rabindra Sangeet (music of Bengal) festivals Chennai Music Season ·
Rajasthani Dover Lane music
Sufi folk rock / Sufi rock festival · Purandaradasa
Tamang Selo Aradhana · Tyagaraja
Uttarakhandi Aradhana · Harivallabh
Popular music in India Sangeet Sammelan
Dance music Music Sruti · The Record
Movie music media
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_India 1/27
Pop music Nationalistic and patriotic songs

Patriotic music National Jana Gana Mana
Western music adoption in India anthem
Goa trance
Regional music
Jazz and blues
Andaman and Nicobar Islands ·
Rock and metal music
Andhra Pradesh · Arunachal
Indian rock
Pradesh · Assam · Bihar ·
Raga rock
Chhattisgarh · Goa · Gujarat ·
Western classical music
Haryana · Himachal Pradesh ·
Globalization of Indian music Jammu and Kashmir · Ladakh ·
Influence on other genres Jharkhand · Karnataka · Kerala ·
Ancient influence on Southeast Asian music genre Madhya Pradesh · Maharashtra ·
Indonesian and Malay music Manipur · Meghalaya · Mizoram ·
Thai music Nagaland · Odisha · Punjab ·
Philippines Rajasthan · Sikkim · Tamil Nadu
Fusion with traditional music of other nations (Ancient) · Tripura · Uttar Pradesh ·
Western world music Uttarakhand · West Bengal
Film music
Hip hop and reggae
Jazz
Musical film
Psychedelic and trance music
Rock and roll
Technopop
Influence on national music scene
Africa
Americas
Caribbean
Latin America
North America
Asia
South Asia
Southeast Asia
West Asia
Europe
Germany
UK
Oceania
Organisations promoting Indian music
See also
References
Further reading
External links
History
Pre-history
Paleolithic
The 30,000 years old paleolithic and neolithic cave paintings at

the UNESCO world heritage site at Bhimbetka rock shelters in
Madhya Pradesh shows music instruments and dance.[1]
Mesolithic and chalcolithic cave art of Bhimbhetka illustrates
musical instruments such as harp, drums, gongs, daf etc.[2]
Neoolithic
Chalcolithic era (400 BCE onward) narrow bar shaped polished

stone celts like music instruments, one of the earlier musical
instrument in India, were excavated at Sankarjang in the Angul
district of Odisha.[3] There is historical evidence in the form of Dancing Girl sculpture from the
sculptural evidence, i.e. musical instruments, singing and dancing Indus Valley Civilization (c. 4,500
postures of damsels in the Ranigumpha Caves in Khandagiri and years ago)
Udayagiri at Bhubaneswar.
Indus-Saraswati Civilization
Dancing Girl sculpture (2500 BCE) was found from the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) site.[4][5][6][7]
There are IVC-era paintings on pottery of a man with a dhol hanging from his neck and a woman
holding a drum under her left arm.[8]
Vedic and ancient era
Vedas (c. 1500 – c. 800 BCE Vedic period)[9][10][11][12] document rituals with performing arts and
play.[13][14] For example, Shatapatha Brahmana (~800–700 BCE) has verses in chapter 13.2 written
in the form of a play between two actors.[13] Tala or taal is an ancient music concept traceable to
Vedic era texts of Hinduism, such as the Samaveda and methods for singing the Vedic
hymns.[15][16][17] Smriti (500 BCE to 100 BCE ) post-vedic Hindu texts[18][19][20] include Valmiki's
Ramayana (500 BCE to 100 BCE) which mentions dance and music (dance by Apsaras such as
Urvashi, Rambha, Menaka, Tilottama Panchāpsaras, and Ravana's wives excelling in nrityageeta or
"singing and dancing" and nritavaditra or "playing musical instruments"), music and singing by
Gandharvas, several string instruments (vina, tantri, vipanci and vallaki similar to veena), wind
instruments (shankha, venu and venugana – likely a mouth organ made by tying several flutes
together), raga (including kaushika such as raag kaushik dhwani), vocal registers (seven svara or
sur, ana or ekashurti drag note, murchana the regulated rise and fall of voice in matra and
tripramana three-fold teen taal laya such as drut or quick, madhya or middle, and vilambit or slow),
poetry recitation in Bala Kanda and also in Uttara Kanda by Luv and Kusha in marga style.[21]
Starting from the earliest known work Tholkappiyam (500 BCE), there are several references to music
and Panns in the ancient pre-Sangam and Sangam literature starting from the earliest known work
Tholkappiyam (500 BCE). Among Sangam literature, Mathuraikkanci refers to women singing
sevvazhi pann to invoke the mercy of God during childbirth. In Tolkappiyam, the five landscapes of
the Sangam literature had each an associated Pann, each describing the mood of the song associated
with that landscape. Among the numerous panns that find mention in the ancient Tamil literature
are, Ambal Pann, which is suitable to be played on the flute, sevvazhi pann on the Yazh (lute),
Nottiram and Sevvazhi expressing pathos, the captivating Kurinji pann and the invigorating
Murudappann. Pann(Tamil: ப ) is the melodic mode used by the Tamil people in their music since
the ancient times. The ancient panns over centuries evolved first into a pentatonic scale and later into
the seven note Carnatic Sargam. But from the earliest times, Tamil Music is heptatonic and known as
Ezhisai (ஏ ைச).[22]
sanskrit saint-poet Jayadeva, who was the great composer and illustrious master of classical music,
shaped Odra-Magadhi style music and had great influence on Odissi Sangita.[23][24]
Śārṅgadeva composed Sangita-Ratnakara, one of the most important Sanskrit musicological texts
from India,[25][26] which is regarded as the definitive text in both Hindustani music and Carnatic
music traditions of Indian classical music.[27][28]
Assamese poet Madhava Kandali, writer of Saptakanda Ramayana, lists several instruments in his
version of "Ramayana", such as mardala, khumuchi, bhemachi, dagar, gratal, ramtal, tabal, jhajhar,
jinjiri, bheri mahari, tokari, dosari, kendara, dotara, vina, rudra-vipanchi, etc. (meaning that these
instruments existed since his time in 14th century or earlier).[29] The Indian system of notation is
perhaps the world's oldest and most elaborate.[30]
Medieval era
In early 14th century under the Khiljis, there were concerts and competitions between Hindustani and
Carnatic musicians.[31]
From the 16th century onwards, treatises written on music[23][24] were Sangitamava Chandrika, Gita
Prakasha, Sangita Kalalata and Natya Manorama.
Modern era
In the early 1960s Jazz pioneers such as John Coltrane and George Harrison collaborated with Indian
instrumentalists and started to use Indian instruments such as sitar in their songs. In the late 1970s
and early 1980s, rock and roll fusions with Indian music were well known throughout Europe and
North America. In the late 1980s, Indian-British artists fused Indian and Western traditions to make
the Asian Underground. In the new millennium, American hip-hop has featured Indian filmi and
bhangra. Mainstream hip-hop artists have sampled songs from Bollywood movies and have
collaborated with Indian artists, such as Timbaland's "Indian Flute"
In 2010, Laura Marling and Mumford and Sons collaborated with the Dharohar Project.[32]
More recently, Bhangraton is a fusion of Bhangra music with reggaeton.[33]
Classical music
The two main traditions of Indian classical music are Carnatic music, which is found predominantly
in the peninsular regions, and Hindustani music, which is found in the northern, eastern and central
regions. The basic concepts of this music includes shruti (microtones), swaras (notes), alankar
(ornamentations), raga (melodies improvised from basic grammars), and tala (rhythmic patterns
used in percussion). Its tonal system divides the octave into 22 segments called Shrutis, not all equal
but each roughly equal to a quarter of a whole tone of the Western music.
Sangeet Natak Academy recognizes eight classical dance and music forms, namely Bharatanatyam,
Kathak, Kuchipudi, Odissi, Kathakali, Sattriya, Manipuri and Mohiniyattam.[34] Additionally, India's
Ministry of Culture also includes Chhau in its classical list.
Carnatic music
Carnatic music can be traced to the 14th - 15th centuries AD and thereafter. It originated in South
India during the rule of Vijayanagar Empire through the Keerthanas composed by Purandara Dasa.
Like Hindustani music, it is melodic, with improvised variations, but tends to have more fixed
compositions. It consists of a composition with improvised embellishments added to the piece in the
forms of Raga Alapana, Kalpanaswaram, Neraval and, in the case of more advanced students, Raga,
Tala, Pallavi. The main emphasis is on the vocals as most compositions are written to be sung, and
even when played on instruments, they are meant to be performed in a singing style (known as
gāyaki). Around 300 ragams are in use today. Annamayya is the first known composer in Carnatic
music. He is widely regarded as the Andhra Pada kavitā Pitāmaha (Godfather of Telugu song-writing).
Purandara Dasa is considered the father of Carnatic music, while the later musicians Tyagaraja,
Shyama Shastry and Muthuswami Dikshitar are considered the trinity of Carnatic music.
Noted artists of Carnatic music include Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar (the father of the current concert
format), Palghat Mani Iyer, Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer, Nedunuri Krishnamurthy Alathur Brothers,
MS Subbulakshmi, Lalgudi Jayaraman, Balamuralikrishna, TN Seshagopalan, K J Yesudas, N.
Ramani, Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman, Sanjay Subrahmanyan, TM Krishna, Bombay Jayashri, T S
Nandakumar, Aruna Sairam, and Mysore Manjunath.
Every December, the city of Chennai in India has its eight-week-long Music Season, which is the
world's largest cultural event.[35]
Carnatic music has served as the foundation for most music in South India, including folk music,
festival music and has also extended its influence to film music in the past 100–150 years or so.
Hindustani music
The tradition of Hindustani music dates back to Vedic times where the hymns in the Sama Veda, an
ancient religious text, were sung as Samagana and not chanted. It diverged from Carnatic music
around the 13th–14th centuries CE, primarily due to Islamic influences. Developing a strong and
diverse tradition over several centuries, it has contemporary traditions established primarily in India
but also in Pakistan and Bangladesh. In contrast to Carnatic music, the other main Indian classical
music tradition originating from the South, Hindustani music was not only influenced by ancient
Hindu musical traditions, historical Vedic philosophy and native Indian sounds but also enriched by
the Persian performance practices of the Mughals. Classical genres are dhrupad, dhamar, khyal,
tarana and sadra, and there are also several semi-classical forms.
Light classical music
There are many types of music which comes under the category of light classical or semi-classical.
Some of the forms are Thumri, Dadra, Bhajan, Ghazal, Chaiti, Kajri, Tappa, Natya Sangeet and
Qawwali. These forms place emphasis on explicitly seeking emotion from the audience, as opposed to
the classical forms.
Folk music
Bhangra and Giddha
Bhangra (Punjabi: ਭੰਗੜਾ) is a form of dance-oriented folk music of

Punjab. The present musical style is derived from non-traditional
musical accompaniment to the riffs of Punjab called by the same
name. The female dance of Punjab region is known as Giddha
(Punjabi: ਿਗੱਧਾ).
Bihu and Borgeet
Bihu (Assamese: িব ) is the festival of New Year of Assam falling

on mid-April. This is a festival of nature and mother earth where
the first day is for the cows and buffaloes. The second day of the
festival is for the man. Bihu dances and songs accompanied by Hira Devi Waiba, pioneer of Nepali
traditional drums and wind instruments are an essential part of folk songs in India
this festival. Bihu songs are energetic and with beats to welcome
the festive spring. Assamese drums (dhol), Pepa(usually made
from buffalo horn), Gogona are major instruments used.[36][37]
Borgeets (Assamese: বৰগীত) are lyrical songs that are set to

specific ragas but not necessarily to any tala. These songs,
composed by Srimanta Sankardeva and Madhavdeva in the 15th–
16th centuries, are used to begin prayer services in monasteries,
e.g. Satra and Namghar associated with the Ekasarana Dharma;
and they also belong to the repertoire of Music of Assam outside
the religious context. They are a lyrical strain that express the
religious sentiments of the poets reacting to different situations, Group of Dharohar folk musicians
and differ from other lyrics associated with the Ekasarana performing in Mehrangarh Fort,
Dharma. Prominent instruments used in borgeets are Jodhpur, India
Negera,Taal, Khols etc.[38]
Dandiya
Dandiya or Raas is a form of Gujarati cultural dance that is

performed with sticks. The present musical style is derived from
the traditional musical accompaniment to the folk dance. It is
practiced mainly in the state of Gujarat. There is also another type
of dance and music associated with Dandiya/Raas called Garba.
Assamese youth performing Bihu.
Haryanvi
Haryana folk music has two main forms: classical folk music of Haryana and desi folk music of
Haryana (country music of Haryana).[39] They take the form of ballads and pangs of parting of lovers,
valor and bravery, harvest and happiness.[40] Haryana is rich in musical tradition and even places
have been named after ragas, for example Charkhi Dadri district has many villages named as
Nandyam, Sarangpur, Bilawala, Brindabana, Todi, Asaveri, Jaisri, Malakoshna, Hindola, Bhairvi and
Gopi Kalyana.[39][41]
Himachali
Himachal's folk music varies according

to the event or the festival. One of the
most popular style of music is Nati
Music, where nati being the traditional
dance that is done on the song. Nati
Music is usually celebratory, and done
in fairs or other occasions such as
marriages.
Jhumair and Domkach
Jhumair and Domkach are Nagpuri folk

music. The musical instruments used in Video of Dhol, string instrument (Ektara) and Been musicians at
folk music and dance are Dhol, Mandar, Surajkund International Crafts Mela (c. 12 Feb 2012).
Bansi, Nagara, Dhak, Shehnai, Khartal,
Narsinga etc.[42][43]
Lavani
Lavani comes from the word Lavanya which means "beauty". This is one of the most popular forms of
dance and music that is practiced all over Maharashtra. It has, in fact, become a necessary part of the
Maharashtrian folk dance performances. Traditionally, the songs are sung by female artists, but male
artists may occasionally sing Lavanis. The dance format associated with Lavani is known as Tamasha.
Lavani is a combination of traditional song and dance, which particularly performed to the
enchanting beats of 'Dholaki', a drum-like instrument. The dance is performed by attractive women
wearing nine-yard saris. They are sung in a quick tempo. Lavani originated in the arid region of
Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.
Manipuri
Music of Manipur and Manipuri dance are heritage of Manipuri

people. According to tradition of the Manipuri people in the
Himalayan foothills and valleys connecting India to Burma, they
are the Gandharvas (celestial musicians and dancers) in the Vedic
texts,[44] and historic texts of Manipuri people calls the region as
Gandharva-desa.[45] The Vedic Usha, the goddess of the dawn, is
a cultural motif for Manipuri women, and in the Indian tradition,
it was Usha who created and taught the art of feminine dance to
girls.[45] This oral tradition of women's dance is celebrated as Gandharva as dancers are found
Chingkheirol in the Manipuri tradition.[45] sculpted in early medieval era
temples of Southeast Asia, East
The ancient Sanskrit texts such as the Mahabharata epic Asia, Siberia, Micronesia and
mentions Manipur, where Arjuna meets and falls in love with Polynesia. The Meiteis believe that
Chitragada.[44] Dance is called Jagoi in a major Meitei language they are the Gandharvas.[44]
of the region and it traces a long tradition in Manipur. Lai
Haraoba dance likely has ancient roots and shares many
similarities with dance postures of Nataraja and his legendary disciple called Tandu (locally called
Tangkhu.[45][44] Similarly, as does the dance related to commoner Khamba and princess Thoibi –
who perform as pan-Indian Shiva and Parvati, in the legendary tragic love story of Khamba-Thoibi
found in the Manipuri epic Moirang Parba.[44][45][46]
Marfa music
Hadrani Marfa, or simply Marfa music, introduced during 18th century in Hyderabad State by the
East African Siddi community from Afro-Arab music of Hadhramawt in Yemen, is a form of
celebratory rhythmic music and dance among the Hyderabadi Muslims, played with high tempo using
Marfa instrument, daff, Dhol, sticks,[47][48] steel pots and wooden strips called thapi.[49]
Mizo
Mizo Music originated when couplets were developed during the settlement of Thantlang in Burma
between 1300–1400 CE, and folk songs developed during this period were dar hla (songs on gong);
Bawh hla (War chants), Hlado (Chants of hunting); Nauawih hla (Cradle songs) A greater
development of songs can be seen from the settlement of Lentlang in Burma, estimated between late
15th to 17th Century CE.[50] The Mizo occupied the present Mizoram from the late 17th century. The
pre-colonial period, that is from the 18th to 19th century was another important era in the history of
Mizo folk literature. Prior to the annexation by the British Government, the Mizo occupied the present
Mizoram for two centuries. In comparison with the folk songs of Thantlang and Lentlang settlement,
the songs of this period are more developed in its number, form and contents. The languages are more
polished and the flows also better. Most of the songs of this period are named after the composers.
Odissi
0:00 MENU Jayadeva, the 12th century sanskrit saint-poet, the great
Sample of Odissi performance art composer and illustrious master of classical music, has immense
with the 17th Canto from the 17th contribution to Odissi music. During his time Odra-Magadhi
century Odia poet Upendra Bhanja's style music got shaped and achieved its classical status. He
'Baidehisha Bilasa' being sung. indicated the classical ragas prevailing at that time in which these
Odissi and Kathakali drama were to be sung. Prior to that there was the tradition of Chhanda
traditions have had an important which was simple in musical outline. From the 16th century
influence on India's narrative
onwards, treatises on music[23][24] were Sangitamava
traditions.
Chandrika, Gita Prakasha, Sangita Kalalata and Natya
Manorama. A couple of treatise namely, Sangita Sarani and
Sangi Narayana, were also written in the early path of the 19th
century.
Odissi Sangita comprises four classes of music namely Dhruvapada, Chitrapada, Chitrakala and
Panchal, described in the ancient oriya music texts. The chief Odissi and Shokabaradi. Odissi
Sangita (music) is a synthesis of four classes of music, i.e. Dhruvapada, Chitrapada,
Chitrakala and Panchal, described in the above-mentioned texts.
The great exponents[23][24] of Odissi music in modern times are the Late Singhari Shyamasundara
Kar, Markandeya Mahapatra, Kashinath Pujapanda, Balakrishna Das, Gopala Chandra Panda,
Ramahari Das, Bhubaneswari Misra, Shymamani Devi and Sunanda Patnaik, who have achieved
eminence in classical music.
Rabindra Sangeet (music of Bengal)
Rabindra Sangeet (Bengali: রবী স ীত Robindro Shonggit, Bengali pronunciation: [ɾobindɾo ʃoŋɡit]),
also known as Tagore songs, are songs written and composed by Rabindranath Tagore. They have
distinctive characteristics in the music of Bengal, popular in India and Bangladesh.[51] "Sangeet"
means music, "Rabindra Sangeet" means music (or more aptly songs) of Rabindra.
Tagore wrote some 2,230 songs in Bengali, now known as Rabindra

Sangeet, using classical music and traditional folk music as
sources.[52][53]
Rajasthani
Rajasthan has a very diverse cultural collection of musician castes,

including Langas, Sapera, Bhopa, Jogi and Manganiyar (lit. "the ones
who ask/beg"). Rajasthan Diary quotes it as a soulful, full-throated
music with harmonious diversity. The melodies of Rajasthan come from
a variety of instruments. The stringed variety includes the Sarangi,
Ravanahatha, Kamayacha, Morsing and Ektara. Percussion instruments
come in all shapes and sizes from the huge Nagaras and Dhols to the tiny
Damrus. The Daf and Chang are a favorite of Holi (the festival of
colours) revelers. Flutes and bagpipers come in local flavors such as Rabindranath Tagore's
Shehnai, Poongi, Algoza, Tarpi, Been and Bankia. Bengali-language initials
are worked into this "Ro-
Rajasthani music is derived from a combination of string instruments, Tho" wooden seal,
percussion instruments and wind instruments accompanied by stylistically similar to
renditions of folk singers. It enjoys a respectable presence in Bollywood designs used in traditional
music as well. Haida carvings. Tagore
embellished his
manuscripts with such art.
Sufi folk rock / Sufi rock
Sufi folk rock contains elements of modern hard rock and

traditional folk music with Sufi poetry. While it was pioneered by
bands like Junoon in Pakistan it became very popular, especially
in north India. In 2005, Rabbi Shergill released a Sufi rock song
called "Bulla Ki Jaana", which became a chart-topper in India and
Pakistan. More recently, the sufi folk rock song "Bulleya" from the
2016 film Ae Dil Hai Mushkil became a mammoth hit.
Dance accompanied by Rabindra

Tamang Selo Sangeet
This is a genre of Nepali folk song of the Tamang people and

popular amongst the Nepali speaking community in West Bengal,
Sikkim and around the world. It is accompanied by Tamang
instruments, the Madal, Damphu and Tungna, although
nowadays musicians have taken to modern instruments. A
Tamang Selo can be catchy and lively or slow and melodious, and
is usually sung to convey sorrow, love, happiness or day-to-day
incidents and stories of folklore.[54]
Hira Devi Waiba is hailed as the pioneer of Nepali folk songs and
Tamang Selo. Her song 'Chura ta Hoina Astura' (चुरा त होइन अ ुरा)
N. Ramani and N Rajam
is said to be the first Tamang Selo ever recorded. She has sung
accompanied by T S Nandakumar
nearly 300 songs through her musical career spanning 40
years.[55][56] After Waiba's death in 2011, her son Satya Waiba
(producer) and Navneet Aditya Waiba (singer) collaborated and re-recorded her most iconic songs
and released an album titled Ama Lai Shraddhanjali (आमालाई ा ली-Tribute to Mother).[57][58][59]
Uttarakhandi
Uttarakhandi folk music had its root in the lap of nature and the hilly terrain of the region. Common
themes in the folk music of Uttarakhand are the beauty of nature, various seasons, festivals, religious
traditions, cultural practices, folk stories, historical characters, and the bravery of ancestors. The folk
songs of Uttarakhand are a reflection of the cultural heritage and the way people live their lives in the
Himalayas. Musical instruments used in Uttarakhand music include the Dhol, Damoun, Hudka,
Turri, Ransingha, Dholki, Daur, Thali, Bhankora and Masakbhaja. Tabla and Harmonium are also
sometimes used, especially in recorded folk music from the 1960s onwards. Generic Indian and global
musical instruments have been incorporated in modern popular folks by singers like Mohan Upreti,
Narendra Singh Negi, Gopal Babu Goswami, and Chandra Singh Rahi.
Popular music in India
Dance music
Dance music, more popularly called "DJ music", is mostly played at nightclubs, parties, weddings and
other celebrations. It is more popular among youths. It is mostly based on the Indian movie music as
well as the Indian pop music, both of which tend to borrow and modernise the classical and folk dance
songs with modern instruments and other innovations.
Movie music
The biggest form of Indian popular music is filmi, or songs from Indian films, it makes up 72% of the
music sales in India.[60] The film industry of India supported music by according reverence to
classical music while utilising the western orchestration to support Indian melodies. Music
composers, like R. D. Burman, Shankar Jaikishan, S. D. Burman, Laxmikant-Pyarelal, Madan Mohan,
Bhupen Hazarika, Naushad Ali, O. P. Nayyar, Hemant Kumar, C. Ramchandra, Salil Chowdhury,
Kalyanji Anandji, Ilaiyaraaja, A. R. Rahman, Jatin Lalit, Anu Malik, Nadeem-Shravan, Harris Jayaraj,
Himesh Reshammiya, Vidyasagar, Shankar Ehsaan Loy, Salim-Sulaiman, Pritam, M.S. Viswanathan,
K. V. Mahadevan, Ghantasala and S. D. Batish employed the principles of harmony while retaining
classical and folk flavor. Reputed names in the domain of Indian classical music like Ravi Shankar,
Vilayat Khan, Ali Akbar Khan and Ram Narayan have also composed music for films. Traditionally, in
Indian films, the voice for the songs is not provided by the actors, they are provided by the
professional playback singers, to sound more developed, melodious and soulful, while actors lipsynch
on the screen. In the past, only a handful of singers provided the voice in Hindi films. These include
Kishore Kumar, K. J. Yesudas, Mohammed Rafi, Mukesh, S.P. Balasubrahmanyam, T.M.
Soundararajan, Hemant Kumar, Manna Dey, P. Susheela, Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhonsle, K.S.
Chitra, Geeta Dutt, S. Janaki, Shamshad Begum, Suraiya, Noorjahan and Suman Kalyanpur. Recent
playback singers include Udit Narayan, Kumar Sanu, Kailash Kher, Alisha Chinai, KK, Shaan,
Madhushree, Shreya Ghoshal, Nihira Joshi, Kavita Krishnamurthy, Hariharan (singer), Ilaiyaraaja,
A.R. Rahman, Sonu Nigam, Sukhwinder Singh, Kunal Ganjawala, Anu Malik, Sunidhi Chauhan,
Anushka Manchanda, Raja Hasan, Arijit Singh and Alka Yagnik. Rock bands like Indus Creed, Indian
Ocean, Silk Route and Euphoria have gained mass appeal with the advent of cable music television.
Pop music
Indian pop music is based on an amalgamation of Indian folk and classical music, and modern beats
from different parts of the world. Pop music really started in the South Asian region with the playback
singer Ahmed Rushdi's song ‘Ko Ko Korina’ in 1966, followed initially by Mohammad Rafi in the late
1960s and then by Kishore Kumar in the early 1970s.[61]
After that, much of Indian Pop music comes from the Indian Film Industry, and until the 1990s, few
singers like Usha Uthup, Sharon Prabhakar, and Peenaz Masani outside it were popular. Since then,
pop singers in the latter group have included Daler Mehndi, Baba Sehgal, Alisha Chinai, KK,
Shantanu Mukherjee a.k.a. Shaan, Sagarika, Colonial Cousins (Hariharan, Lesle Lewis), Lucky Ali,
and Sonu Nigam, and music composers like Zila Khan or Jawahar Wattal, who made top selling
albums with, Daler Mehndi, Shubha Mudgal, Baba Sehgal, Shweta Shetty and Hans Raj Hans.[62]
Besides those listed above, popular Indi-pop singers include Sanam[63] (Band), Gurdas Maan,
Sukhwinder Singh, Papon, Zubeen Garg, Raghav Sachar Rageshwari, Vandana Vishwas, Devika
Chawla, Bombay Vikings, Asha Bhosle, Sunidhi Chauhan, Anushka Manchanda, Bombay Rockers,
Anu Malik, Jazzy B, Malkit Singh, Raghav, Jay Sean, Juggy D, Rishi Rich, Sheila Chandra, Bally
Sagoo, Punjabi MC, Beno, Bhangra Knights, Mehnaz, Sanober and Vaishali Samant.
Recently, Indian pop has taken an interesting turn with the "remixing" of songs from past Indian
movie songs, new beats being added to them.
Patriotic music
Patriotic feelings have been instigated within Indians through music since the era of the freedom
struggle. Jana Gana Mana, the national anthem of India by Rabindranath Tagore, is largely
credited[64][65] for uniting India through music and Vande Mataram by Bankim Chandra
Chattopadhyay as the national song of India. Patriotic songs were also written in many regional
languages such as Biswo Bizoyi No Zuwan in Assamese. Post-independence songs such as Aye mere
watan ke logo, Mile Sur Mera Tumhara, Ab Tumhare Hawale Watan Saathiyo, Maa Tujhe Salaam by
A.R.Rahman have been responsible for consolidating feelings of national integration and unity in
diversity.
Western music adoption in India
Western world's music has been adopted in India, by creating fusion music in India which in turn
have enriched and created global genres of western music.
Goa trance
Goa trance, an electronic music style that originated during the late 1980s in Goa in India,[66] has
funky, drone-like basslines, similar to the techno minimalism of 21st century psytrance. Psychedelic
trance developed from Goa trance.[67] In late 1960s and early 1970s, Goa became popular as a hippie
capital, which resulted in evolution of Goa trance throughout the 1980s by mixing the spiritual culture
of India with western musical elements of industrial music, new beat and electronic body music
(EBM), and the actual Goa trance style became established by the early 1990s.[66][68]
Jazz and blues
Jazz in India was first performed regularly in the metropoles Calcutta and Bombay in the early or
middle 1920s.[69][70] From the 1930s to the 1950s is called as the golden age of jazz in India, when
jazz musicians like Leon Abbey, Crickett Smith, Creighton Thompson, Ken Mac, Roy Butler, Teddy
Weatherford (who recorded with Louis Armstrong), and Rudy Jackson who toured India to avoid the
racial discrimination they faced in the United States.[71][72] In the 1930s, jazz musicians played in the
nightclubs of Bombay, such as at the Taj Mahal hotel ballroom, many of these musicians were Goans
most whom also worked in the Bollywood film industry and were responsible for the introduction of
genres like jazz and swing to Hindi film music.[73]
Indian blues is less prevalent in India than jazz. Interest in the blues in India has only been incidental
due to the shared ancestry with jazz.
Rock and metal music
Indian rock
The rock music scene in India is small compared to the filmi or

fusion musicality scenes. Rock music in India has its origins in
the 1960s when international stars such as the Beatles visited
India and brought their music with them. These artists'
collaboration with Indian musicians such as Ravi Shankar and
Zakir Hussain have led to the development of raga rock.
International shortwave radio stations such as The Voice of
America, BBC, and Radio Ceylon played a major part in bringing
Western pop, folk, and rock music to the masses. Indian rock Nicotine playing at 'Pedal to the
bands began to gain prominence only much later, around the late Metal', TDS, Indore, India in 2014.
1980s. The band is known for being the
pioneer of metal music in Central
It was around this time that the rock band Indus Creed formerly India.
known as The Rock Machine got itself noticed on the
international stage with hits like Rock N Roll Renegade. Other
bands quickly followed. With the introduction of MTV in the early 1990s, Indians began to be exposed
to various forms of rock such as grunge and speed metal, impacting the national scene. The cities of
the North Eastern Region, mainly Guwahati and Shillong, Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore
have emerged as major melting pots for rock and metal enthusiasts. Bangalore has been the hub for
rock and metal movement in India. Some prominent bands include Nicotine, Voodoo Child, Indian
Ocean, Kryptos, Thermal and a Quarter, Demonic Resurrection, Motherjane, Avial, and Parikrama.
Rock-specific labels such as DogmaTone Records and Eastern Fare Music Foundation have since
emerged, supporting Indian rock acts.
From Central India, Nicotine, an Indore-based metal band, has been credited with pioneering metal
music in the region.[74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84]
Raga rock
Raga rock is rock or pop music with a heavy Indian influence, either in its construction, its timbre, or
its use of instrumentation, such as the sitar and tabla. Raga and other forms of classical Indian music
began to influence many rock groups during the 1960s; most famously the Beatles. The first traces of
"raga rock" can be heard on songs such as "See My Friends" by the Kinks and the Yardbirds' "Heart
Full of Soul", released the previous month, featured a sitar-like riff by guitarist Jeff Beck.[85][86] The
Beatles song "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)", which first appeared on the band's 1965
album Rubber Soul, was the first western pop song to actually incorporate the sitar (played by lead
guitarist George Harrison).[86][87] The Byrds' March 1966 single "Eight Miles High" and its B-side
"Why" were also influential in originating the musical subgenre. Indeed, the term "raga rock" was
coined by The Byrds' publicist in the press releases for the single and was first used in print by
journalist Sally Kempton in her review of "Eight Miles High" for The Village Voice.[88][89] George
Harrison's interest in Indian music, popularised the genre in the mid-1960s with songs such as "Love
You To", "Tomorrow Never Knows" (credited to Lennon-McCartney), "Within You Without You" and
"The Inner Light".[90][91][92] The rock acts of the sixties both in turn influenced British and American
groups and Indian acts to develop a later form of Indian rock.
The following of Western classical music in India is almost entirely non-existent. It is mainly
patronised by the Indian Zoroastrian community, Protestant Christian community in Chennai and
Bangalore and small esoteric groups with historical exposure to Western classical music. Western
Music education is also rare in India. Western keyboard, drums and guitar instruction being an
exception as it has found some interest; mainly in an effort to create musicians to service
contemporary popular Indian music. Despite more than a century of exposure to Western classical
music and two centuries of British colonialism, classical music in India has never gained more than
'fringe' popularity..
However, Western classical music education has improved with the help of certain institutions in
India, including KM Music Conservatory (founded by Oscar-winning Composer A.R.Rahman),
Calcutta School of Music, Eastern Fare Music Foundation,[93] In 1930, Mehli Mehta set up the
Bombay Symphony Orchestra[94]. His son Zubin Mehta has enjoyed a long international conducting
career. The Bombay Chamber Orchestra[95] (BCO) was founded in 1962. Delhi School of Music, Delhi
Music Academy, Guitarmonk and others supporting Western classical music.. In 2006, the Symphony
Orchestra of India was founded, housed at the NCPA in Mumbai. It is today the only professional
symphony orchestra in India and presents two concert seasons per year, with world-renowned
conductors and soloists.
Globalization of Indian music
As per UN, the Indian diaspora is world's largest overseas diaspora with 17.5 million Indian-origin
international migrants across the world,[96] who help spread the global soft power of India.[97]
Influence on other genres
Ancient influence on Southeast Asian music genre
With expansion of Indosphere cultural influence of

Greater India,[99] through transmission of Hinduism
in Southeast Asia[100][101][102] and the Silk Road
transmission of Buddhism[103][104] leading to
Indianization of Southeast Asia through formation of
non-Indian southeast Asian native Indianized
kingdoms[105] which adopted sanskritized
language [106] and other Indian elements[107] such as
Historic Indosphere cultural influence zone of
the honorific titles, naming of people, naming of
Greater India for transmission of elements of
places, mottos of organisations and educational
Indian elements such as the honorific titles,
institutes as well as adoption of Indian architecture, naming of people, naming of places, mottos of
martial arts, Indian music and dance, traditional organisations and educational institutes as well as
Indian clothing, and Indian cuisine, a process which adoption of Hinduism, Buddhism, Indian
as been also aided by the ongoing historic expansion architecture, martial arts, Indian music and dance,
of Indian diaspora.[97] traditional Indian clothing, and Indian cuisine, a
process which as been also aided by the ongoing
historic expansion of Indian diaspora.[98]
Indonesian and Malay music
In Indonesian and Malaysian music, the Dangdut a genre of folk music is partly derived and fused
from Hindustani music. It is a very popular because of its melodious instrumentation and vocals.
Dangdut features a tabla and gendang beat.[108][109] Indonesians dance in somewhat similar to the
ghoomar while listening to dangdut music, but in a much slower version.
Thai music
Thai literature and drama draws great inspiration from Indian arts and Hindu legends. Epic of
Ramayana is as popular in Thailand as the Ramakien. Two of the most popular classical thai dances
the Khon, performed by men wearing ferocious masks, and the Lakhon (Lakhon nai, Lakhon chatri
and Lakhon nok), performed by women who play both male and female roles draws inspiration
primarily from the Ramakien. Percussion instruments and Piphat, a type of woodwind accompany the
dance.[110] Nang talung, a Thai shadow play inspired by South Indian Bommalattam, has shadows
made from the pieces of cow or water buffalo hide cut to represent human figures with movable arms
and legs are thrown on a screen for the entertainment of spectators.
Philippines
Filipino epics and chants inspired by the Indian Hindu religious epics Ramayana and Mahabharta.
Alim and Hudhud Oral traditions of Ifugao of Ifugao people of the Cordillera Administrative
Region in Luzon island of Philippines, 11 Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of
Humanity in 2001 and formally inscribed as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2008.
See also Hudhud – the Ifugao epic.
Biag ni Lam-ang (English: "The Life of Lam-ang") is an epic poem of the Ilocano people from
the Ilocos region.
Ibalong epic of Bikol region of southeast Luzon.
"Aginid, Bayok sa atong Tawarik", a Bisayan epic of Cebu.
Bayok, an epic of Marano people of northwestern Mindanao .
Music instrument
Kudyapi, native Filipino guitar of Maranao, Manobo and Maguindanao people, is influenced by
the Indian classical music concepts of melody and scale.
Fusion with traditional music of other nations
Sometimes, the music of India is fuse with the native traditional music of other countries. For
example, Delhi 2 Dublin, a band based in Canada, is known for fusing Indian and Irish music, and
Bhangraton is a fusion of Bhangra music with reggaeton.[33]
Western world music
Film music
Indian film composer A. R. Rahman wrote the music for Andrew Lloyd Webber's Bombay Dreams,
and a musical version of Hum Aapke Hain Koun was staged in London's West End. The Bollywood
sports film Lagaan (2001) was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film,
and two other Bollywood films (2002's Devdas and 2006's Rang De Basanti) were nominated for the
BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language.
Danny Boyle's Slumdog Millionaire (2008) was inspired by Bollywood films.[111][112]
Hip hop and reggae
Bhangraton is a fusion of Bhangra music with reggaeton, which itself is a fusion of hip hop, reggae,
and traditional Latin American music.[33]
Jazz
In early 1960s Jazz pioneers such as John Coltrane—who recorded a composition entitled 'India'
during the November 1961 sessions for his album Live at the Village Vanguard (the track was not
released until 1963 on Coltrane's album Impressions)—also embraced this fusion. George Harrison
(of the Beatles) played the sitar on the song "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)" in 1965, which
sparked interest from Shankar, who subsequently took Harrison as his apprentice. Jazz innovator
Miles Davis recorded and performed with musicians like Khalil Balakrishna, Bihari Sharma, and
Badal Roy in his post-1968 electric ensembles. Virtuoso jazz guitarist John McLaughlin spent several
years in Madurai learning Carnatic music and incorporated it into many of his acts including Shakti
which featured prominent Indian musicians. Other Western artists such as the Grateful Dead,
Incredible String Band, the Rolling Stones, the Move and Traffic soon incorporated Indian influences
and instruments, and added Indian performers. Legendary Grateful Dead frontman Jerry Garcia
joined guitarist Sanjay Mishra on his classic CD "Blue Incantation" (1995). Mishra also wrote an
original score for French Director Eric Heumann for his film Port Djema (1996) which won best score
at Hamptons film festival and The Golden Bear at Berlin. in 2000 he recorded Rescue with drummer
Dennis Chambers (Carlos Santana, John McLaughlin et al.) and in 2006 Chateau Benares with guests
DJ Logic and Keller Williams (guitar and bass).
Musical film
Since early 2000s, Bollywood began influencing musical films in the Western world and was
instrumental role in reviving the American musical film. Baz Luhrmann said that his musical film,
Moulin Rouge! (2001), was inspired by Bollywood musicals;[113] the film incorporated a Bollywood-
style dance scene with a song from the film China Gate. The critical and financial success of Moulin
Rouge! began a renaissance of Western musical films such as Chicago, Rent, and Dreamgirls.[114]
Psychedelic and trance music
Psychedelic trance developed from Goa trance.[67]
Rock and roll
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, rock and roll fusions with Indian music were well known
throughout Europe and North America. Ali Akbar Khan's 1955 performance in the United States was
perhaps the beginning of this trend. In 1985, a beat-oriented, Raga Rock hybrid called Sitar Power by
Ashwin Batish reintroduced sitar in western nations. Sitar Power drew the attention of a number of
record labels and was snapped up by Shanachie Records of New Jersey to head their World Beat
Ethno Pop division.
Technopop
The influence of filmi may be seen in popular music worldwide. Technopop pioneers Haruomi
Hosono and Ryuichi Sakamoto of the Yellow Magic Orchestra produced a 1978 electronic album,
Cochin Moon, based on an experimental fusion of electronic music and Bollywood-inspired Indian
music.[115] Truth Hurts' 2002 song "Addictive", produced by DJ Quik and Dr. Dre, was taken from
Lata Mangeshkar's "Thoda Resham Lagta Hai" in Jyoti (1981).[116] The Black Eyed Peas' Grammy
Award winning 2005 song "Don't Phunk with My Heart" was inspired by two 1970s Bollywood songs:
"Ye Mera Dil Yaar Ka Diwana" from Don (1978) and "Ae Nujawan Hai Sub" from Apradh (1972).[117]
Both songs were composed by Kalyanji Anandji, sung by Asha Bhosle, and featured the dancer
Helen.[118]
Some prominent Indians in Western classical music are:
Andre de Quadros- conductor and music educator,

Zubin Mehta, conductor
Mehli Mehta, father of Zubin, violinist and founding conductor of the Bombay Symphony
Orchestra
Anil Srinivasan, pianist
Ilaiyaraaja, the first Indian to compose a full symphony performed by the Royal Philharmonic
Orchestra in London's Walthamstow Town Hall
Naresh Sohal, British Indian-born composer
Param Vir, British Indian-born composer
Beno, Indian-born composer
Influence on national music scene
Bollywood has been a significant form of soft power for India, increasing its influence and changing
overseas perceptions of India.[119][120] According to author Roopa Swaminathan, "Bollywood cinema
is one of the strongest global cultural ambassadors of a new India."[120][121] Its role in expanding
India's global influence is comparable to Hollywood's similar role with American influence.[122]
Africa
Kishore Kumar is popular in Egypt and Somalia.[123]
Hindi films were originally distributed to some parts of Africa by Lebanese businessmen, and Mother
India (1957) continued to be screened in Nigeria decades after its release. Indian movies have
influenced Hausa clothing, songs have been covered by Hausa singers, and stories have influenced
Nigerian novelists. Stickers of Indian films and stars decorate taxis and buses in Nigeria's Northern
Region, and posters of Indian films hang on the walls of tailoring shops and mechanics' garages.[124]
In South Africa, film imports from India were watched by black and Indian audiences.[125] Several
Bollywood figures have travelled to Africa for films and off-camera projects. Padmashree Laloo
Prasad Yadav (2005) was filmed in South Africa.[126] Dil Jo Bhi Kahey... (2005) was also filmed
almost entirely in Mauritius, which has a large ethnic-Indian population.
In Egypt, Bollywood films were popular during the 1970s and 1980s.[127][128] Amitabh Bachchan has
remained popular in the country[129] and Indian tourists visiting Egypt are asked, "Do you know
Amitabh Bachchan?"[130]
Americas
Caribbean
Indo-Caribbean music of Indo-Caribbean people in Caribbean is most common in Trinidad and

Tobago, Guyana, Jamaica, and Suriname, which reflects their Bhojpuri heritage. Main
instrumentation are dhantal, metal rod, claper, dholak, two-headed barrel drum. Women sing Hindu
bhajans and folk songs from the music of Bhojpur on various important life events, rituals,
celebrations, festivals like phagwah and holi. Indo-Caribbean contributions to popular music are very
important. The most well-known is the Indo-Trinidadian chutney music tradition. Chutney is a form
of popular dance music that developed in the mid-to late 20th century. Baithak Gana is a similar
popular form originating in Suriname.[131][132]
Latin America
There is significant Indian diaspora communities in Suriname[133] and Guyana, Indian music and
Hindi-language movies are popular.[134] In 2006, Dhoom 2 became the first Bollywood film to be shot
in Rio de Janeiro.[135]
North America
In the new millennium, American hip-hop has featured Indian filmi and bhangra. Mainstream hip-
hop artists have sampled songs from Bollywood movies and have collaborated with Indian artists.
Examples include Timbaland's "Indian Flute", Erick Sermon and Redman's "React", Slum Village's
"Disco", and Truth Hurts' hit song "Addictive", which sampled a Lata Mangeshkar song, and The
Black Eyed Peas sampled Asha Bhosle's song "Yeh Mera Dil" in their hit single "Don't Phunk With My
Heart". In 1997, the British band Cornershop paid tribute to Asha Bhosle with their song Brimful of
Asha, which became an international hit. British-born Indian artist Panjabi MC also had a Bhangra
hit in the US with "Mundian To Bach Ke" which featured rapper Jay-Z. Asian Dub Foundation are not
huge mainstream stars, but their politically charged rap and punk rock influenced sound has a multi-
racial audience in their native UK. In 2008, international star Snoop Dogg appeared in a song in the
film Singh Is Kinng. In 2007, hip-hop producer Madlib released Beat Konducta Vol 3–4: Beat
Konducta in India; an album which heavily samples and is inspired by the music of India.
Asia
South Asia
Due to shared cultural heritage and language, Indian music and Bollywood films are also popular in
Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal, where Hindustani is widely understood.[136][137]
Southeast Asia
Already covered in earlier section Ancient influence on Southeast Asian music genre.
West Asia
West Asia has large Indian diaspora population, who mainly consume Indian music. Indian music is
also popular with native middle eastern people. 85% of Qatar's and 75% of UAE's total population are
Indian citizens.[138] Hindi films and music have become popular in Arab countries,[139] and imported
Indian films are usually subtitled in Arabic when they are released. Bollywood has progressed in
Israel since the early 2000s, with channels dedicated to Indian films on cable television;[140]
Europe
Germany
In Germany, Indian stereotypes included bullock carts, beggars, sacred cows, corrupt politicians, and
catastrophes before Bollywood and the IT industry transformed global perceptions of India.[141]
UK
In the late 1980s, Indian-British artists fused Indian and Western traditions to make the Asian
Underground. Since the 1990s, Canadian born musician Nadaka who has spent most of his life in
India, has been creating music that is an acoustic fusion of Indian classical music with western styles.
One such singer who has merged the Bhakti sangeet tradition of India with the western non-Indian
music is Krishna Das and sells music records of his musical sadhana. Another example is the Indo-
Canadian musician Vandana Vishwas who has experimented with western music in her 2013 album
Monologues.
In a more recent example of Indian-British fusion, Laura Marling along with Mumford and Sons
collaborated in 2010 with the Dharohar Project on a four-song EP.[32] The British band Bombay
Bicycle Club also sampled the song "Man Dole Mera Tan Dole" for their single "Feel".[142] Laxmikant-
Pyarelal
Oceania
Due to large Indian diaspora population, Indian music and movies are very popular in Fiji especially
among Indo-Fijians.[143]
Australia and New Zealand have 2 percent Indian population, as well as other a large South Asian
diaspora, and Bollywood music and movies are popular amongst non-Asians in the country as
well.[143]
Organisations promoting Indian music

Sangeet Natak Akademi is the national level academy for performing arts set up by the Government of
India in 1952, which bestows Sangeet Natak Akademi Award as the highest official Indian
goernment's recognition given to practicing artists,[144] It has established several institutions
including the Manipur Dance Academy in Imphal,[145] Ravindra Rangshala Centers,[146] Sattriya
Centre, Kathak Kendra (National Institute of Kathak Dance) at New Delhi, Centre for Kutiyattam at
Thiruvananthapuram, Chhau Centre at Baripada in Jamshedpur, and the Northeast Centre.
See also
Indian classical music
Indian classical dance
Indian musical instruments
Indian Music Industry
Military Music Wing
Music of South Asia
List of regional genres of music
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p://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/ET_Cetera/Bollywood_clubs_popular
_among_Australians/articleshow/2372640.cms). The Times of India. Indo-Asian News Service. 15
September 2007. Archived from the original (http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By
_Industry/ET_Cetera/Bollywood_clubs_popular_among_Australians/articleshow/2372640.cms) on
12 February 2008. Retrieved 12 November 2007.
44. United News of India, Press Trust of India (1 March 2007). "Gursharan gets 'Akademi Ratna' " (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/20070304065453/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070302/nation.ht
m#3). The Tribune. Chandigarh. Archived from the original (http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/200
70302/nation.htm#3) on 4 March 2007. Retrieved 11 March 2009.
45. "Institutions of the Sangeet Natak Akademi" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110727234331/http://s
angeetnatak.org/sna/inst.htm). SNA. Archived from the original (http://sangeetnatak.org/sna/inst.h
tm) on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2010.
46. "Centres of the Akademi" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110727235028/http://sangeetnatak.org/s
na/centres.htm). SNA. Archived from the original (http://sangeetnatak.org/sna/centres.htm) on 27
July 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2010.
Further reading
Day; Joshi, O. P. (1982). "The changing social structure of music in India". International Social
Science Journal. 34 (94): 625.
Day, Charles Russell (1891). The Music and Musical instruments of Southern India and the
Deccan (https://archive.org/stream/musicmusicalinst00dayc#page/n7/mode/2up). Adam Charles
Black, London.
Clements, Sir Ernest (1913). Introduction to the Study of Indian Music (https://archive.org/stream/
cu31924018413900#page/n5/mode/2up.). Longmans, Green & Co., London.
Strangways, A.H. Fox (1914). The Music of Hindostan (https://archive.org/stream/musicofhindosta
n00foxs#page/n7/mode/2up). Oxford at The Clarendon Press, London.
Strangways, A.H. Fox (1914). The Music of Hindostan (https://archive.org/stream/musicofhindosta
n00foxs#page/n7/mode/2up). Oxford at The Clarendon Press, London.
Popley, Herbert Arthur (1921). The Music of India (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Musi
c_of_India&action=edit&section=28). Association Press, Calcutta.
Killius, Rolf. Ritual Music and Hindu Rituals of Kerala. New Delhi: B.R. Rhythms, 2006.
Moutal, Patrick (2012). Hindustāni Gata-s Compilation: Instrumental themes in north Indian
classical music. Rouen: Patrick Moutal Publisher. ISBN 978-2-9541244-1-4.
Moutal, Patrick (1991). A Comparative Study of Selected Hindustāni Rāga-s. New Delhi:
Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-81-215-0526-0.
Moutal, Patrick (1991). Hindustāni Rāga-s Index. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers
Pvt Ltd.
Manuel, Peter. Thumri in Historical and Stylistic Perspectives. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass,
1989.
Manuel, Peter (May 1993). Cassette Culture: Popular Music and Technology in North India.
University of Chicago Press, 1993 (https://archive.org/details/cassetteculturep00manu).
ISBN 978-0-226-50401-8.
Wade, Bonnie C. (1987). Music in India: the Classical Traditions. New Dehi, India: Manohar, 1987,
t.p. 1994. xix, [1], 252 p., amply ill., including with examples in musical notation. ISBN 81-85054-
25-8
Maycock, Robert and Hunt, Ken. "How to Listen - a Routemap of India". 2000. In Broughton,
Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol.
2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific, pp. 63–69. Rough Guides Ltd,
Penguin Books. ISBN 1-85828-636-0
Hunt, Ken. "Ragas and Riches". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with
McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America,
Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific, pp. 70–78. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN 1-85828-
636-0.
"Hindu music." (2011). Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 1.
Emmie te Nijenhuis (1977), A History of Indian Literature: Musicological Literature (https://books.g
oogle.com/books?id=kFkVJDlg-4IC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=
onepage&q&f=false), Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 978-3447018319, OCLC 299648131 (http
s://www.worldcat.org/oclc/299648131)
Natya Sastra (https://archive.org/stream/NatyaShastra/natya_shastra_translation_volume_2_-_bh
arat_muni#page/n7/mode/2up) Ancient Indian Theory and Practice of Music (translated by M.
Ghosh)
External links
BBC Radio 3 Audio (45 minutes): The Nizamuddin shrine in Delhi. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/program
mes/p005xm48) Accessed 25 November 2010.
BBC Radio 3 Audio (45 minutes): A mahfil Sufi gathering in Karachi. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/progra
mmes/p005xm4c) Accessed 25 November 2010.
BBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): The Misra brothers perform Vedic chant. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/
programmes/p005xjq8) Accessed 25 November 2010.
BBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): Rikhi Ram and sons, Nizami brothers. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/pro
grammes/p005xjqc) Accessed 25 November 2010.
BBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): Rajasthan, Bombay and Trilok Gurtu. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/pro
grammes/p005xjqk) Accessed 25 November 2010.
BBC Radio 3 Audio (45 minutes): Gujarat - Praful Dave. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p005x
l8n) Accessed 25 November 2010.
BBC Radio 3 Audio (45 minutes): Courtesan songs and music of the Bauls. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/
programmes/p005xl8s) Accessed 25 November 2010.
BBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): Music from the Golden Temple of Amritsar. (http://www.bbc.co.u
k/programmes/p005xm4k) Accessed 25 November 2010.
(in English and French) Hindustani Rag Sangeet Online – A rare collection of more than 800
audio and video archives from 1902 (http://www.moutal.eu/indian-music.html)
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26/07/2020 Music of India - Wikipedia

Pop music Nationalistic and patriotic songs

The 30,000 years old paleolithic and neolithic cave paintings at

Chalcolithic era (400 BCE onward) narrow bar shaped polished

Vedic and ancient era

More recently, Bhangraton is a fusion of Bhangra music with reggaeton.[33]

Light classical music

Bhangra and Giddha

Bhangra (Punjabi: ਭੰਗੜਾ) is a form of dance-oriented folk music of

Bihu and Borgeet

Bihu (Assamese: িব ) is the festival of New Year of Assam falling

Borgeets (Assamese: বৰগীত) are lyrical songs that are set to

Dandiya or Raas is a form of Gujarati cultural dance that is

Himachal's folk music varies according

Jhumair and Domkach

Jhumair and Domkach are Nagpuri folk

Music of Manipur and Manipuri dance are heritage of Manipuri

Rabindra Sangeet (music of Bengal)

Tagore wrote some 2,230 songs in Bengali, now known as Rabindra

Rajasthan has a very diverse cultural collection of musician castes,

Sufi folk rock contains elements of modern hard rock and

Dance accompanied by Rabindra

This is a genre of Nepali folk song of the Tamang people and

Popular music in India

Western music adoption in India

Jazz and blues

Rock and metal music

The rock music scene in India is small compared to the filmi or

Western classical music

Globalization of Indian music

Inﬂuence on other genres

Ancient inﬂuence on Southeast Asian music genre

With expansion of Indosphere cultural influence of

Fusion with traditional music of other nations

Western world music

Danny Boyle's Slumdog Millionaire (2008) was inspired by Bollywood films.[111][112]

Hip hop and reggae

Psychedelic and trance music

Psychedelic trance developed from Goa trance.[67]

Rock and roll

Western classical music

Some prominent Indians in Western classical music are:

Andre de Quadros- conductor and music educator,

Inﬂuence on national music scene

Kishore Kumar is popular in Egypt and Somalia.[123]

Indo-Caribbean music of Indo-Caribbean people in Caribbean is most common in Trinidad and

Organisations promoting Indian music

dGYC). Abhinav Publications. pp. 12–19. ISBN 978-81-7017-153-9.

29. "Egypt's Amitabh Bachchan mania" (https://timesoﬁndia.indiatimes.com/india/Egypts-Amitabh-Bac

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