CBSE Class 12

Physical Education
Previous Year Question Paper 2016
Set- 4 Code no. 75

● Please check that this question paper contains 4 printed pages.

● Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should
be written on the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
● Please check that this question paper contains 26 questions.
● Please write down the Serial Number of the question before attempting
it.
● 15 minute time has been allotted to read this question paper. The
question paper will be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to
10.30 a.m., the students will read the question paper only and will not
write any answer on the answer-book during this period.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION (Theory)

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:
The question paper contains 26 questions

(i) All questions are compulsory.

(ii) Questions no. 1 to 11 carry 1 mark each. Answers to these questions
should be in approximately 10 - 20 words each.
(iii) Questions no. 12 to 19 carry 3 marks each. Answers to these questions
should be in approximately 30 - SO words each.
(iv) Questions no. 20 to 26 carry 5 marks each. Answers to these questions
should be in approximately 75 -100 words each.

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1. What do you understand by Planning? 1 Mark
Ans: The process of thinking about the tasks required to attain a desired objective
is known as planning. It is the first and most important step in achieving desired
outcomes.

2. What is 'Healthy Weight'? 1 Mark

Ans: A healthy weight, also known as normal weight, is one in which your BMI
is within a range that is not linked to an elevated risk of weight-related diseases
and health problems.

3. Name any one asana to cure obesity. 1 Mark

Ans: Bhujang asana: The cobra stance is also known as Bhujang asana. It helps
to stretch and tone your arms, shoulders, buttocks, thighs, back, and abdomen
muscles.

4. Give an example of cognitive disability. 1 Mark

Ans: Aphasia is a condition in which a person has difficulty speaking (finding
words), writing, or interpreting language.

5. Name any two postural deformities. 1 Mark

Ans: The two postural deformities are:
I. Bowleg is a condition in which the legs bend outwards while standing.
II. In a standing position, knock knee is a condition in which the legs are bent
inwards.

6. What are female athlete triad? 1 Mark

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Ans: Disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis are referred to as the
female athlete triad. This condition is frequently undiagnosed. For a female
athlete, the implications of losing bone mineral density can be disastrous.

7. Name any motor fitness test. 1 Mark

Ans: Step Test at Harvard:
The Aerobic Fitness Test is another name for this test. It is used to assess
cardiovascular or aerobic fitness by determining the rate of recovery.

8. Give one gender difference on physiological parameter 1 Mark

Ans: The following are the physiological differences between males and females:
Female muscular strength is lower than male physical strength. Females have a
weaker contraction and extension of muscles, whereas males have a stronger
contraction and extension of muscles.

9. What do you understand by P.R.I.C.E? 1 Mark

Ans: The amount of money required to obtain a certain product is referred to as
the price. Price is a measure of value in the sense that the amount people are
willing to pay for a thing represents its value.

10. What is projectile? 1 Mark

Ans: Any object thrown by the application of force ace and allowed to travel
freely due to gravity and air resistance. Although the project is referred to as a
projectile. It can also be defined as an object that is propelled into spc tiles can be
any object moving through space, they are most typically used in warfare and
sports.

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11. Define motivation. 1 Mark
Ans: The process of initiating, guiding, and maintaining goal-oriented behaviours
is known as motivation. It's what drives you to take action, whether it's quenching
your hunger with a glass of water or learning something new by reading a book.

12. Define endurance and describe any one method to develop endurance.
3 Marks
Ans: Endurance is the ability to withstand the conditions that arise from tiredness,
as well as the ability and merit of movement in conjunction with movements or
the ability to do sports motions with the necessary quality and speed while
fatigued. All psychic and physical systems and organs contribute to endurance.

Continous training: Continuous training is a sort of sport that entails moderate-

intensity action for more than 15 minutes with rest periods. It is the most prevalent
sort of training, and it is used to keep one's overall health and well-being in check.

13. Explain various pitfalls of dieting. 3 Marks

Ans: The various pitfalls of dieting are:
Hair loss: Dieting's most typical negative effect is that you begin to lose your
hair. Hair loss is caused by a lack of essential proteins and lipids.

Depression: There are other other factors that contribute to depression. One of
terms of behavior them is dieting. When your body can't handle a lot of activities,
you'll experience pressure in your mind, which can lead to stress.

Organs damage: Dieting for an extended period of time can harm your internal
organs and bodily systems.

14. "Practising Yoga — asanas regularly can prevent many diseases."

Justify. 3 Marks

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Ans: "Practising Yoga — asanas regularly can prevent many diseases." Yoga
helps the neurological and skeletal systems to work together properly. Yoga is
helpful in preventing ailments such as diabetes, respiratory diseases, asthma, back
discomfort, and hypertension. Yoga can help with sadness, stress, and other
issues.

15. Discuss in detail the symptoms and causes of A.S.D. (Autism Spectrum
Disorder). 3 Marks
Ans: Symptoms of ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder):
1) Communication difficulties.
2) Having difficulties reading aloud.
3) Difficulties with a variety of social skills.
4) Avoid making direct eye contact.
5) Repeatedly touching the same object.
6) Receptive to sound, taste, and smell.

Causes of ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder): ASD does not have a defined cause.
Genetic and environmental factors are two causes that have been supported by
study. Only around 10% to 20% of the time, specific genetic reasons may be
discovered. Specific genetic disorders linked to ASD, as well as unusual
abnormalities in the genetic code, are among the examples.

16. What are the causes of bad posture? 3 Marks

Ans: Causes of bad posture are:
1) When a bone, ligament, or muscle is injured, the support for that portion is
weakened.
2) Disease Joints lose their strength and mobility as a result of this condition.
3) Hereditary can be caused by deformities like kyphosis and flat feet.

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 4) Overloading bad posture can also be caused by overwork or exhaustion.
5) Lack of Physical Activity Maintaining an upright posture demands both
strength and stamina.

17. Pawan hosted a party on the occasion of his Silver — Jubilee wedding
anniversary. He noticed that his friend Harshit had put on a lot of weight
and got tired quickly. He knew the benefits of exercise to prevent life style
diseases and maintain functional fitness. So, Pawan suggested him to take
part in physical activities on regular basis. Taking his friend's advice
seriously, Harshit joined a fitness club and reduced 8 kgs in two months. He
felt healthy, active and energetic. 3 Marks
On the basis of above passage, answer the following questions:
(a) Name any 2 diseases caused by obesity.
Ans. (i) Kind 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is
a condition in which your blood glucose, often known as blood sugar, is too high.
(ii) High blood pressure.

(b) What was the impact of regular exercise?

Ans: Regular physical activity can help you strengthen your muscles and increase
your stamina. Exercise helps your cardiovascular system perform more
efficiently by delivering oxygen and nutrients to your tissues. As your heart and
lung health improves, you'll have more energy to accomplish daily tasks.

(c) What value did Pawan show to bring positive change in Harshit's life
style?
Ans: Pawan is the smartest student in the class. Only positive words should be
used in a positive sentence. There should be no negative words in the sentence. If
you wish to say something negative in a good sentence, use the opposite word to
keep the meaning the same instead of using terms like no, not, and others.

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18. What are the effects of exercise on muscular system? 3 Marks

Ans: Depending on the nature of the physical activity, exercise entails a

succession of sustained muscle contractions of either long or short duration.

Exercise has different impacts on muscles depending on the type and duration of
the activity. Aerobic exercise is a term used to describe activities that require
endurance and repeated muscular contractions. Type I (slow-twitch) muscles are
primarily used in such tasks, as they can maintain maximal contraction for long
periods of time.

Muscle hypertrophy, or the growth in muscle mass as a result of exercise,

particularly weight training, is a notable long-term impact. Cross education is a
phenomenon that occurs when you exercise one muscle and it causes hypertrophy
in the opposite muscle.

19. With the help of suitable examples discuss the application of Newton's
Laws of Motion in sports. 3 Marks

Ans: (i) Newton’s First Law of Motion Law of inertia

A body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in motion will remain in motion at
the same speed and in the same direction until an external force is applied to
change its state.

Application in sports

Example: In basketball, players must remember to dribble because if they lose

control, the ball will continue to bounce for a long period. The player's team may
lose possession if the ball bounces too far away from him.

(ii) Newton’s Second Law of Motion

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This law asserts that an object's acceleration is proportional to the force that
causes it and inversely proportionate to its mass.

Applications in Sports

● Stopping at the finish line is difficult for runners because it necessitates a

rapid shift in motion.

● Throwing a shot put.

(iii) Newton’s Third law of Motion

This law argues that there is always an equal and opposite reaction to every
action.

Applications in sports

The swimmer pushes the water backwards with his hands while swimming,
resulting in a forward push due to the water's equal and opposite reaction.

20. Draw a knock-out fixture of 27 teams and explain the advantage of

knock-out tournament. 5 Marks
Ans: A tournament is a multi-round competition between several teams. It is a
competition in which multiple teams compete in a certain activity on a set
schedule to choose a winner.
There are a total of 27 teams competing.
The number of matches is n - 1 = 27 - 1 = 26.
1 1 28
Upper half teams= n + = 27 + = = 14.
2 2 2
1 1 26
n -  = 27 - =  = 13 teams in the lowest half
2 2 2
Because the number of teams competing is odd,the number of byes will be = 32
- 27 = 5.

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The team that loses a match in a knockout system is eliminated, while the winners
continue to play. When we don't have a lot of time, we normally do a single
elimination competition.
Each match has a specific date, time, and court number so that teams and players
may plan ahead of time.

21. Define strength. Explain any two methods of improving strength.

5 Marks

Ans: The muscles' ability to overcome resistance/the body's capacity to exert

force/the force that a muscle can exert against resistance.
Methods for improving strength:
Isotonic Exercise: Tonic means TENSION and iso indicates 'SAME.' Isotonic
contraction occurs when a muscle contracts and shortens under a steady load
across the whole range of motion of a joint. Concentric contractions shorten a
muscle's primary action (muscle length decreases). Eccentric muscle lengthening
occurs when the muscle lengthens (lengthens) following contraction.
Contractions like these are often employed in games and sports. This is referred
to as dynamic contraction. Concerned muscles are stretched during the initial
phase of action before contracting explosively. There is always a consequent
movement at the affected joint due to muscle shortening and lengthening. The
most common type of dynamic muscle contraction is a combination of concentric
and eccentric contractions. This occurs in all explosive movements such as jumps,
throws, and so on.

Isokinetic exercise: This is a form of muscular contraction in which the tension

and speed of the contraction are predetermined throughout the range of motion.
This method entails the creation of maximal tension in muscles that shorten at a
constant rate at all angles, such as on a treadmill.

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22. What are the psychological benefits of exercise? Explain. 5 Marks

Ans: We frequently hear about the physical benefits of exercise (e.g., improved
heart health), but we rarely hear about the psychological benefits. A reasonable
quantity of physical activity, on the other hand, will improve your mood and
emotional state. Exercise can help you feel better about yourself and enhance your
quality of life.

The following are some of the most common psychological advantages of

exercise:

● Mood improvement

● Stress levels are lower, and your ability to manage with stress is better.

● Increased self-confidence

● Physical prowess inspires pride

● Improved self-esteem

● Possessing a greater sense of self-worth

● Increased self-assurance in your physical talents

● Symptoms of depression are less severe.

23. What are the different types of body movements '? Explain 5 Marks

Ans: A change in the position of a body part in relation to the rest of the body is
referred to as movement. It is one of the most crucial features of all living beings.
Blinking, breathing, and eating, for example, are all examples of movement. As
a result, we may claim that every second, some component of our body makes
some form of movement.

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Different types of body movements:

Flexion and extension: Flexion and extension are sagittal plane movements that
entail anterior and posterior movements of the body or limbs. Flexion (bending
of the joint) decreases the angle between the bones in the limbs, whereas
extension (straightening the joint) increases the angle.

Abduction and adduction: Abduction and adduction motions involve medial-

lateral motions of the limbs, fingers, toes, or thumb in the coronal plane.
Abduction causes the limb to move laterally away from the body's midline,
whereas adduction causes the limb to move toward the body or across the midline.

Rotation: Within the spinal column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint,

rotation can occur. The twisting movement caused by the sum of the minor
rotational movements accessible between adjacent vertebrae is known as neck or
body rotation.

Supination and pronation: The movements of the forearm that transition

between these two positions are known as supination and pronation. The motion
that changes the forearm from a supinated (anatomical) posture to a pronated
(palm backward) position is known as pronation. Supination is the inverse
motion, in which the radius is rotated to bring the bones back into parallel
alignment and transfer the palm to the anterior (supinated) position.

24. Discuss in detail the concept, aim and scope of sports medicine. 5 Marks

Ans: Concept of Sports medicine: Various sports medicine professionals

frequently collaborate as a team to ensure that the appropriate rehabilitation
strategy for the person is implemented. Team members could include orthopaedic
surgeons, licenced athletic trainers, sports physical therapists, physical medicine
and rehabilitation experts, and specialty SEM physicians.

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Aim of Sports medicine: The goal of sports medicine is to improve people's
overall health and well-being by encouraging them to live an active lifestyle. In
addition, medical care for all people who exercise or participate in sports
activities, as well as diagnosis, treatment, prevention, rehabilitation, and
functional evaluation following injuries or illnesses caused by amateur
(recreational) or professional participation in physical activities, exercises, and
sports of general interest in sports medicine.

Scope of Sports medicine: Sports medicine is a medical speciality or specialism

that deals with sports medicine. Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) is a field
that has become well-established in a number of nations. Doctors and other
paramedical practitioners who practice in a broader setting are also included.
Various sports medicine professionals frequently collaborate as a team to ensure
that the appropriate rehabilitation strategy for the person is implemented.

25. Name the test used to measure cardio vascular fitness and explain its
procedure. 5 Marks

Ans: The Harvard Step Test is a cardiovascular fitness assessment. The test
requires a bench with a height of 20 inches, a stopwatch, and a metronome. The
performer on the bench steps up and down 30 times each minute as part of the
technique.

Equipment required: A 20-inch-high gym bench or box for men and 16-inch-
high gym bench or box for women, as well as a timer and cadence tape.

Procedure: The athlete takes a position in the middle of the bench or box. On the
order "GO," the athlete takes 30 steps per minute up and down on the bench or
box. At the start of the stepping, a stopwatch is also initiated.

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Calculation of the scores: Calculate the fitness index score using the formula:
(100 test duration in seconds ) .
( 2 sums of heartbeats in recovery time )

26. Suggest five exercises as corrective measures for Round shoulders and
Kyphosis. 5 Marks

Ans: Round shoulders:

As a preventative precaution for Round shoulders, the following exercises should
be done:
1) Maintain proper posture while standing and sitting.
2) Do more shoulder exercises, such as horizontal bars and yogic exercises.
Dhanurasan and Chakrasan are two types of yoga.
3) Allowing the shoulders to drop is not a good idea.

4) Keep your hand on the horizontal bar for a while.

Kyphosis:
As a preventative precaution for Kyphosis, the following exercises should be
done:

1) Sit in a chair with your buttocks touching the chair's back. Hold your hands
behind your back, looking upward, in such a way that your shoulders
remain stretched backward. Stay in this position for a while.
2) When sleeping, always maintain a pillow under your back.
3) In a standing position, bend your head backward.
Dhanurasana is a yogic asana that should be practised on a regular basis. In a
front-lying position, lie down. 'Keep your hands close to your shoulders.'
Slowly straighten your arms and elevate your chest. The head should be turned
backwards. Continue in this position for a while.

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