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STI WEST NEGROS UNIVERSITY

College of Criminal Justice Education

FINAL COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION IN

CRIM 1811 - THEORIES OF CRIME CAUSATION

NAME SCORE
COURSE, YEAR
DATE
& SECTION
Multiple choices. Read the questions carefully. Circle the letter that corresponds to the
INSTRUCTIONS best answer. STRICTLY NO PATCHINGS/OBLITERATIONS/DOUBLE
ENTRY.

1. It refers to the retirement or separation from the police service of the PNP uniformed personnel pursuant to
any of the means mentioned in Sections 24 to 29 of RA No. 8551 and other means as provided in the
NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No. 2008 - 005.
a. promotion b. attrition c. inspection d. assignment
2. It refers to the required training for a PNP member to be eligible for promotion to the next higher grade.
a. maximum tenure position b. mandatory career course
c. performance evaluation rating d. total permanent physical disability
3. It refers to the termination of employment and official relations of a PNP member who rendered at least 20
years of active service in the government with payment of corresponding benefits.
a. attrition b. retirement c. separation d. total permanent physical disability

4. It refers to the termination of employment and official relations of a PNP member who rendered less than 20
years of active service in the government with payment of corresponding benefits.
a. attrition b. retirement c. separation d. total permanent physical disability

5. Provincial Director Siosan was assigned in the Negros Occidental Police Provincial Office. What is his
maximum cumulative tenure?
a. 4 years b. 6 years c. 8 years d. 9 years
6. What means of attrition is referred to a PNP member, who has been relieved for cause and has not been
given an assignment within 2 years from the effective date of such relief, shall be retired or separated?
a. attrition by demotion in position b. attrition by relief
c. attrition by non – promotion d. attrition by attainment of Maximum Tenure Position
7. PCpl Santos was not promoted for more than 12 years already because he failed to attend the mandatory
career course that is corresponding to his present rank. What type of attrition will be imposed to him?
a. attrition by demotion in position b. attrition by relief
c. attrition by non – promotion d. attrition by attainment of Maximum Tenure Position
8. It is the fixed amount received by the uniformed PNP personnel on a monthly basis.
a. longevity pay b. based pay c. combat pay d. hazard pay
9. What would be the longevity pay of a Patrolman who had served 15 years in service?
a. 2,966.8 b. 5,933.6 c. 8,900.4 d. 11, 867.2
10. It is a fixed Php3,000.00 monthly allowance for uniformed personnel of the PNP engaged in actual police
operations.
a. combat duty pay b. combat incentive pay
c. hazardous duty pay d. training subsistence allowance
11. It is an award given to uniformed members of the PNP for the action of the recipient involving conspicuous
gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of life and limb above and beyond the call of duty. In order to justify this
award, a member of the PNP must perform in action a deed of personal bravery and self - sacrifice above
and beyond the call of duty so conspicuous as to distinguish himself clearly above his comrades in the
performance of more than ordinary hazardous service.
a. Medalya ng Kabayanihan b. Medalya ng Katapangan
c. Medalya ng Kadakilaan d. Medalya ng Kagitingan
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12. What is the maximum limit of leave credits shall be allowed every calendar year for PNP uniformed
personnel who had been or shall be conferred with appropriate PNP medals in recognition of outstanding
performance of police functions and activities?
a. 5 days b. 10 days c. 15 days d. 20 days
13. It is a monetary assistance to the bereaved family of a PNP uniformed personnel in the event of his death,
regardless of the circumstances.
a. burial allowance b. initial clothing allowance c. hardship allowance d. sea duty pay
14. PLT Gomez wanted to retire from the service upon reaching 20 years. What type of retirement may he
avail?
a. compulsory retirement b. optional retirement
c. total permanent physical disability d. separation
15. PCpt Gayopale had a total permanent physical disability; aside from the 1 year salary that he will avail upon
retiring from the service, what is the percentage of the lifetime pension will he avail?
a. 10% b. 50% c. 80% d. 100%
16. It decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered by the C,PNP or the IAS. It is being chaired by the Vice
Chairperson and Executive Officer of the NAPOLCOM together with the four (4) regular Commissioners as
members.
a. National Appellate Board b. Regional Appellate Boards c. PLEB d. NAPOLCOM
17. It is the central receiving entity for any citizen's complaint formally filed with or referred to it against any
uniformed PNP members.
a. National Appellate Board b. Regional Appellate Boards c. PLEB d. NAPOLCOM
18. It shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered by the officers other than the PNP Chief, the mayor
and the People’s Law Enforcement Board.
a. National Appellate Board b. Regional Appellate Boards c. PLEB d. NAPOLCOM
19. Patrolman Fortunato was dismissed from the service by the National Appellate Board of the NAPOLCOM.
Where can he appeal his case?
a. Chief, PNP b. President of the Philippines c. Mayor d. Secretary, DILG
20. If the PLEB finds that the offense alleged is minor, where shall it refer the case?
a. Governor b. Chief of Police c. Chief, PNP d. Regional Director
21. It is the doing, either through ignorance, inattention or malice, of that which the officer had no legal right to
do at all, as where he acts without any authority whatsoever, or exceeds, ignores or abuses his powers.
a. malfeasance b. misfeasance c. nonfeasance d. oppression
22. Who are those, having been elected and having qualified as such, are automatically deputized as
representatives of the NAPOLCOM in their respective jurisdictions?
a. Mayors b. C, PNP c. Senators d. Congressmen
23. It shall mean the orderly and organizes physical movement of elements or units of the PNP within the
province, city or municipality for purposes of employment.
a. employment b. assignment c. promotion d. deployment
24. It refers to the utilization of units or elements of the PNP for purposes of protection of lives and properties,
enforcement of laws, lives and properties, enforcement of laws, maintenance of peace and order, prevention
of crimes, arrest of criminal offenders and bringing the offenders to justice, and ensuring public safety,
particularly in its suppression of disorders, riots, lawlessness, violence, rebellious and seditious conspiracy,
subversion or other related activities.
a. employment b. assignment c. promotion d. deployment
25. These are accounts in writing, print or in some other permanent form intended to perpetrate knowledge of
facts or events. They are the primary means of communicating among the members of the police
department. The effectiveness of a police department is directly related of quality of its records.
a. documents b. pictures c. blotter reports d. records
26. It is a nationwide, cooperative statistical effort of law enforcement agencies voluntarily data on crimes
brought to their attention.
a. blotter report b. records management c. uniform crime reporting d. crime statistics
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27. It is making an identifying mark on the item be stored to indicate what classifications it is to be filed.
a. coding b. cross reference c. authentication d. uniform crime reporting
28. It is a notation put into a file to indicate that record is not stored in that file but some other location specified
therein. It tells the filer or searcher where to find the needed material.
a. coding b. cross reference c. authentication d. uniform crime reporting
29. It is the foundation record of the police department. It is accomplished by the desk officer. It becomes the
primary document for analysis of crime occurrences.
a. investigation report b. complaint sheet c. technical report d. case report
30. It shall be accomplished by the investigator or member making the preliminary investigation if the case of
crimes reported to the police and shall submit report at the end of his tour of duty.
a. continuance report b. case report c. supplemental report d. investigative report
31. It shall be accomplished by the investigator to cover other angles of the case or the technical staff whose
assistance has been requested to conduct laboratory examination of evidence specimen gathered, to
supplement the findings and report of the investigating officer.
a. technical report b. accidental report c. wanted person report d. daily records of events
32. It shall be made out in full on each person arrested and should be prepared at the time a prisoner is booked.
a. booking report b. wanted person report c. arrest report d. case report
33. This reporting includes the current list of prisoners in custody which will indicates that status and
disposition of each. It provides information to each division as the inmate or inmates in jail and facilities
accounting for prisoners at the end of each shift and their control at all times in which restrictions on
privileges are noted. It is the jail file of arrest, arranged alphabetically, and serves as jail register and under
the direct supervision of the booking officer.
a. booking report b. wanted person report c. arrest report d. case report
34. It shall be 3x5 inches index card stock arranged in general alphabetical order by the last name or shall be
arranged on all names appearing in the case repost such as aliases, names of complainants, victims, suspects,
wanted persons.
a. coding b. cross reference c. booking d. indexing
35. It is used when asking for files are used as receipt for a case or any number of items from file.
a. fingerprint records b. charged – out card c. follow-up procedure d. borrower’s slip
36. It is defined as "the anticipation, the recognition, and the appraisal of a crime risk and the initiation of action
to remove or reduce it.
a. crime prevention b. crime suppression c. crime triangle d. crime identification
37. It means effecting conditions of the physical and social environment that provide opportunities for or
precipitate criminal acts.
a. primary prevention b. secondary prevention c. tertiary prevention d. target hardening
38. It involves dealing with actual offenders and intervention.
a. primary prevention b. secondary prevention c. tertiary prevention d. target hardening
39. It engages in early identification of potential offenders and seeks to intervene before the commission of
illegal activity.
a. primary prevention b. secondary prevention c. tertiary prevention d. target hardening
40. It means ensuring that a potential target is out of view.
a. target hardening b. target removal c. reducing the means d. reducing the payoffs
41. It means changing our habits by setting rules and positioning signage in appropriate locations.
a. deflecting offenders b. Increase the Chances of Being Caught
c. Rule Setting d. Environmental Change
42. It is defined as a situation where a person’s life or property is in danger or threatened. In-progress calls are
where crimes are being committed at the time of your report.
a. emergency call b. non – emergency call c. target hardening d. regular call
43. Is the sum total of dealings between the police and the people it serve and whose goodwill and cooperation
it craves for the greatest possible efficiency in the service.
a. police community relations b. propaganda c. crime prevention d. personal media
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44. Which of the following is not a principle of police community relation?

a. community resentment must be avoided. b. community support must be maintained.
c. community goodwill must not be developed. d. community must kept informed.
45. What is meant by “community support must be maintained”?
a. Police officers shall develop friendly relations through good conduct.
b. A police should be courteous, fair and quick to assist individuals.
c. The police should inform the community of the regulations and policies.
d. Policemen shall make themselves available and be willing to serve everyone.
46. It is designed to maintain harmony and mutual support between the police and the community.
a. public information program b. public relation program
b. civic action program d. mass communication program
47. What police community relation program pertains to the conduct of PNP career orientation?
a. public information program b. public relation program
b. civic action program d. mass communication program
48. This program is designed to influence the opinions, emotions attitude and behavior of the community so that
they will behave in a manner beneficial to the police particularly the PNP in general, either directly or
indirectly.
a. public information program b. public relation program
b. civic action program d. mass communication program
49. It consists of dealings with other members of the locality where a person lives.
a. domestic relations b. government relations c. religious relation d. community relations
50. Police officers should have religious affiliations. What police individual public relation is meant?
a. government relations b. community relations c. neighborhood relations d. religious relation
51. It includes decorum with the neighbors of a police officer.
a. government relations b. community relations c. neighborhood relations d. religious relation
52. It is the unquestionably most powerful instrument in forming public opinion.
a. media b. community c. religion d. government
53. Which of the following is not an image building program?
a. police citizens luncheon b. gift packages c. display and exhibits d. community events
54. Which of the following is not an informational program?
a. operational handshake b. informational brochures c. traffic advisory reports d. new arrivals
55. What public awareness program pertains to the distribution of pamphlets or brochures, which are designed
to explain their services to the public?
a. open house b. informative materials c. display and exhibitsd. mobile vans
56. The College of Criminal Justice Education requested the PNP PCR to provide a competent speaker on the
topic “Recent trends and issues in Police Ethics. What public awareness program pertains to the statement?
a. ride along b. mobile vans c. open house d. public speakers
57. Which of the following is not a public relations program?
a. community relation program b. image building program
c. informational program d. public awareness program
58. It is a public relation program which provides the public with information that is directly related to the
interest and needs of the community.
a. community relation program b. image building program
c. informational program d. public awareness program
59. These are activities outside law enforcement but which necessitates PNP support and or participation, the
end result of which ultimately contribute to better appreciation and an enhanced support to the PNP in
whole in part by the populace.
a. police community affairs b. public information and propaganda operations
c. police information and education d. public relations
60. These are communication activities utilizing the various forms of media geared towards creating
consciousness and awareness among target audience on facts and issues vital to the development of an
efficient, respected, and supported police force.
a. police community affairs b. public information and propaganda operations
c. police information and education d. public relations
61. It is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Justice, responsible for handling and
solving major high-profile cases that are in the interest of the nation. It is operating to its foundation of
Nobility, Bravery and Integrity.
a. NBI b. PDEA c. PNP d. BJMP
62. How many years is the maximum tenure in position of an NBI Director?
a. 4 years b. 5 years c. 10 years d. 15 years
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63. What is the required height for female applicants who wish to become NBI agents and special investigators?
a. 5’2’’ b. 5’3’’ c. 5’4’’ d. 5’5’’
64. It is the lead anti-drug law enforcement agency, responsible for preventing, investigating and combating any
dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals within the Philippines.
a. NBI b. PDEA c. PNP d. BJMP
65. It is the policy-making and strategy-formulating body in the planning and formulation of policies and
programs on drug prevention and control.
a. DILG b. Dangerous Drugs Board c. PNP d. Drug Enforcement Unit
66. What is the highest position in PDEA?
a. Director b. Director General c. Intelligence Officer d. Intelligence Agent

67. This pertains to the standardized measure of the quantity and quality of police accomplishments.
a. productivity b. management c. administration d. excellence
68. This refers to the personnel’s performance quality of being able to bring about an outcome. It measures the
capability of the personnel in utilizing the organizational resources charged to him or them.
a. efficiency b. effectiveness c. productivity d. management
69. Resources are utilized but goals are not achieved. This statement refers to?
a. effective but not efficient b. effective and efficient
c. neither effective nor efficient d. efficient but not effective
70. Supposed you are a police officer and was assigned to patrol in the downtown area of Bacolod. You were
tasked to apprehend the snatchers roaming around the area. You accomplish the mission of arresting the
perpetrators only because the vendors are the ones who caught the snatchers. How do you describe your
performance?
a. effective but not efficient b. effective and efficient
c. neither effective nor efficient d. efficient but not effective
71. It is the process of dividing the work to be done and coordinating results to achieve a desired purpose.
a. planning b. organizing c. leading d. controlling
72. If you are a police manager, you are supposed to create a vision and direct your subordinate’s effort towards
the organization’s goals. What management process is being referred?
a. planning b. organizing c. leading d. controlling
73. Police Lieutenant Yangyang was the Chief of Police of PNP Station 4 of Bacolod City. As the head of the
organization, he sets the performance objectives and identifies actions needed to accomplish them. What
management process is PLT Yangyang performing?
a. planning b. organizing c. leading d. controlling
74. This management approach believes that workers were motivated primarily by economic rewards and that
organizations should be characterized by a distinct hierarchy of authority comprising specialized personnel.
a. Scientific Management b. Bureaucratic Management
c. Administrative Management d. Science of Administration
75. He coined the term BUREAUCRACY to identify the complex organizations that operated on a rational
basis.
a. Henry Fayol b. Max Weber c. Frederick Taylor d. Mary Follet
76. It includes the right to command and the power to require obedience.
a. division of work b. scalar chain c. unity of direction d. authority
77. This means that all orders and compliance must emanate from and compliance must goes back all to the
higher authorities.
a. centralization b. unity of command c. discipline d. order
78. This means that employees should be treated with kindness and justice.
a. order b. discipline c. scalar chain d. equity
79. It is the ability to conceive and execute a plan.
a. unity of command b. discipline c. initiative d. esprit de corps
80. This means that employees should receive orders from one superior only in order to avoid conflict and
confusions to the personnel that would affect the relationship and work performance that would eventually
cause to the failure in achieving the organization’s goals and objectives.
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a. unity of direction b. unity of command c. remuneration d. centralization

81. This principle pertains to the segregation of tasks to the competent personnel for implementation.
a. discipline b. order c. division of work d. initiative
82. This pertains to the allocation of the organization with the right people and right position.
a. planning b. staffing c. coordinating d. reporting
83. As a police manager, you are responsible of informing your subordinates as to what is going on in the
organization, keeping yourself and your subordinates aware of the status of the performance, the
organizational efficiencies in delivering the services to the people or clientele as revealed by the records,
research and inspection. What function of administration is being referred to?
a. budgeting b. reporting c. organizing d. directing
84. It is the act of deciding and embodying them to the subordinates in specific and general orders and
instructions.
a. directing b. coordinating c. planning d. organizing
85. It suggests that when special attention is paid to employees by management, productivity is likely to
increase regardless of changes in working conditions.
a. taylorism b. mayonism c. hawthorne effect d. remuneration

86. It refers to a body of civil authority, which is tasked to maintain peace and order, enforce the law, protect
lives and properties and insure public safety.
a. law enforcer b. police c. public safety officers d. PNP
87. It is a type of policing where complaint or victim will go to the middle of the community and shout to call
all male residents to assemble. Once heard male residents will automatically assemble to go after the
criminal and apprehended him.
a. frankpledge system b. thanes policing system
c. hue and cry policing system d. royal judge system
88. It was issued by King Richard of England in 1195 which requires the appointment of knights to keep King’s
peace. The knights were posted on bridges and gates to check the people entering and leaving the town or
cities.
a. Legies Henrie b. Keepers of the Peace c. Court Leet d. Shire – Reeve System
89. This was the position given to a respected citizen, who has the power to arrest, pursue and imprison
offenders.
a. Justice of the Peace b. Star Chamber Court c. Bellmen d. Scotland Yard
90. It was organized by Henry Fielding, Chief Magistrate of Bow Street in London in 1748.
a. London Metropolitan Police Force b. Scotland Yard
c. Bow Street Runners d. Night Watchmen
91. It became the world’s first modern organized police force.
a. Bellmen b. Scotland Yard c. Bow Street Runners d. Justice of Peace
92. These were called the first uniformed police officers.
a. Sergent de Ville b. Officers de Paix c. Rattlewatch d. State Constables
93. It was organized for the purpose of carrying out the policies of the Spanish government; also known as the
Mounted Police.
a. Guardia Civil b. Guardrilleros c. Carabineros de Seguridad Publico d. Scotland Yard
94. He was the first Chief of the Philippine Constabulary from 1901 – 1907 such that he was called as the
Father of Constabulary in the Philippines.
a. Brig / Gen. Rafael T. Crame b. PGen Cesare Nazareno
c. Capt Henry T. Allen d. Col. Antonio C. Torres
95. These are the military police force administered by the Japanese War Ministry during WWII over occupied
Territories of Japan.
a. Kempeitai b. HUKBALAHAP c. Samurai d. Ninja
96. It is the law creating the National Police Commission; also known as the Police Act of 1966.
a. RA 4864 b. RA 4648 c. RA 6975 d. RA 8551
97. In this concept policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the preservation of public peace and security.
This is practiced in the United States and in England where the governmental structure follows a
decentralized pattern.
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a. modern concept b. old concept c. home rule theory d. continental theory

98. It is a functional unit within a division that is necessary for specialization.
a. bureau b. division c. section d. unit e. organization
99. It is rarely found in present day organizations, except at or near the top of the very large organizations.
a. Line and staff organization b. Functional organization
c. Line organization d. Staff organization e. individual organization
100. Which of the following is not a responsibility of a line member?
a. Carrying out the major purposes of the police department.
b. Making final decisions with respect to the activities they perform.
c. Involves in an advisory capacity.
d. Dealing directly with the department’s clientele.
e. Delivering the services provided by the department.

101. It is otherwise known as the Police Act of 1990.

a. Republic Act No. 6975 b. Republic Act No. 8551
c. Presidential Decree 765 d. RA No. 9208 e. PD No. 603
102. Which of the following best describes order?
a. It is usually a written communication unless otherwise specifies to be verbal reports.
b. It describes the procedures and defines the duties officers assigned to specified post or position.
c. It is an instruction given by a ranking officer to a subordinate.
d. It is a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty.
e. It is a rule established by the department directors to control the conduct of the police members.
103. It is the arrangement of people with common purpose and objective in a manner to enable the
performance of related tasks by individuals grouped for the purpose.
a. police organization b. fraternity c. organization d. society e. association

104. Who was the first C,PNP?

a. PGEN Cesar Nazareno b. PGEN Allan Purisima
c. PGEN Ronald Dela Rosa d. PGEN Oscar Albayalde e. PGEN Rafael Crame
105. PCpl Fajardo who was assigned at the Traffic Management Unit as a traffic investigator was currently
rendering his duty as one of the police officers who will be part of the ceremony in welcoming the APEC
dignitaries. What is being illustrated in the statement?
a. off duty b. sick leave c. paternity leave d. on duty e. special duty
106. What happened to Allan Purisima during the Mamasapano encounter of the SAF troopers?
a. He was suspended. b. He was accused of being corrupt.
c. He had already retired. d. He was demoted. e. He was off duty.
107. Who is considered the back bone of the police department?
a. non – uniformed personnel b. patrol officers
c. chief of police d. auxiliary members e. staff members
108. What is the shape of the police organization?
a. star b. square c. circle d. rectangle e. pyramid
109. What is the territorial unit given to a police officer for the first time?
a. post b. route c. beat d. sector e. district
110. It is a mechanical means of depicting, by an arrangement of symbols, the relationships that exist
between individuals, groups, and functions within the organization?
a. police organization b. organizational structure
c. organization d. line organization e. line and staff organization
111. What is the integrating element in an organization?
a. hierarchy b. span of control c. communication d. authority e. compliance
112. What best defines principle of balance?
a. It implies that a system of varied functions arrange into a workable pattern.
b. States that authority delegated should be adequate to ensure the ability to accomplish expected results.
c. States that the application of principles must be balanced to ensure the effectiveness.
d. Explains that responsibility for action cannot be greater than that implied by the authority delegated.
113. Which of the following is not a scalar principle?
a. chain of command b. delegation of authority
c. delegation of accountability d. unity of command e. span of control
114. It states that authority delegated should be adequate to ensure the ability to accomplish expected results.
a. Principle of Balance b. Principle of Parity and Responsibility
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c. Authority Level Principle d. Principle of Delegation by Results e. Principle of Flexibility

115. It is a theory of police service which regarded as servants of the community, who rely for the efficiency
of their functions upon the express needs of people.
a. old concept b. home rule theory c. continental theory d. new concept e. contemporary theory
116. It is being characterized by the police organizations in France and Spain.
a. old concept b. home rule theory c. continental theory d. new concept e. contemporary theory
117. It is a principle that states that organization structure is effective if it is structured in such a way to aid
the accomplishment of the organization’s objectives with a minimum cost.
a. Principle of unity of objectives b. Scalar Principle c. Principle of Organizational Efficiency
d. Functional Principle e. Principle of Flexibility
118. It mandated to eradicate rouge PNP personnel and to proactively pre-empt other PNP personnel from
committing illegal activities.
a. Internal Affairs Service b. Counter Intelligence Task Force
c. Human Rights Affairs Office d. Center for Police Strategy Management
119. It shall conduct training courses geared towards skills enhancement, intellectual advancement and moral
transformation of PNP personnel vital to the pursuit of a respectable and responsive police force.
a. Training Service b. Finance Service c. Engineering Service d. Health Service
120. What is the position title of the head of a police station?
a. Chief, PNP b. Provincial Director c. District Director d. Chief of Police
121. It is a city with a population ranging from 75, 000 to less than 100, 000.
a. Type A b. Type B c. Type C d. Type D
122. What is the average manning level of PNP?
a. 1:100 b. 1:500 c. 1:1000 d. 1:10
123. It is an act providing for the rank classification in the Philippine National Police, amending for the
purpose Section 28 of Republic Act No. 6975.
a. RA 8551 b. RA 9708 c. RA 11200 d. RA 4864
124. Which of the following is not a PNP Police Non – Commissioned Officer?
a. Police Staff Sergeant b. Police Chief Master Sergeant
c. Police Captain d. Police Corporal
125. Kian is a graduate of the Philippine National Police Academy. What is his initial rank upon entering the
police service?
a. Police Lieutenant b. Police Captain c. Police Major d. Police Lieutenant Colonel
126. A certain police officer was seen at a church. He has 2 stars in his shoulder board. What is the rank of
the said officer?
a. Police Lieutenant General b. Police Major General c. Police Brigadier General d. Police General
127. Which of the following is not a possible rank for a Chief of Police?
a. Police Colonel b. Police Executive Master Sergeant c. Police Lieutenant d. Police Major
128. It refers to the promotion to the next higher rank granted to any uniformed personnel who passed the
minimum qualification standard.
a. Regular Promotion b. Special Promotion
c. Promotion by Virtue of Position d. Posthumous Promotion
129. It is a promotion where a PNP member designated to any key position whose rank is lower than that
which is required for such position shall, after six (6) months of occupying the same, be entitled to a
promotion, subject to the availability of vacant positions.
a. Regular Promotion b. Special Promotion
c. Promotion by Virtue of Position d. Posthumous Promotion
130. It is a special promotion given for acts of heroism exhibited in the face of an armed enemy or in the
conduct of rescue/disaster operations resulting in the loss of life.
a. Spot Promotion b. Special Promotion
c. Promotion by Virtue of Position d. Posthumous Promotion