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Date: 19th September 2023

The steps that can be taken to prevent the spread of Norovirus in schools include:

1. Hand Hygiene: Hand hygiene is one of the recommended strategies that can used to

interrupt the transmission of Norovirus at schools. Hand washing with soap under

running water for 20 seconds after contact with suspected or confirmed case is highly

recommended but there is low-level evidence to support the claim.

The use of alcohol such as ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol and propan 1-ol for in vitro

and in vivo contamination shows viral reduction levels to achieve viral inactivation. Such

alcohol could be used as effective hand sanitizers.

2. Environmental Disinfection: Hypochlorite (bleach) solutions of at least 1,000 ppm are

preferred for surfaces that are possibly contaminated (surfaces such as computers,

doorknobs, light switches, desk and countertops).

3. Norovirus vaccines: Students should be advised to take the use of stimulation model

vaccine have strong public health and economic argument supporting the potential

benefits. The vaccine has 50% protective efficacy for 12 months and it cost $50. This

could save $1,000 to $2,000 per case averted in the United States. Thus, despite the

biological obstacles to vaccine development, which require dealing with complex matrix
 of inherited human traits and variability among noroviruses, the potential benefits

seems to be worth the effort.

4. Isolation Procedures: Anyone that shows symptoms of norovirus such as vomiting and

or diarrhea should be placed in contact isolation and test should be conducted on them.

If the person test positive, they should stay in isolation till they completely recover.

Anyone showing symptoms should stay in isolation for at least two days (24 hours)

before they return to school.

5. Food Handling: Students and staff should be taught the importance and proper ways of

washing their vegetables and fruits before consumption. Also, they should be taught

how to cook thoroughly to avoid cross contamination from raw and cooked food.

6. Hygiene Education: Students and Staff should get compulsory lessons on the

importance of personal hygiene. The lessons should include things such as sneezing into

a tissue after which the tissue should be properly disposed of among other things.

Reference

Robilotti, E., Deresinski, S., & Pinsky, B. A. (2015). Norovirus. Clinical Microbiology Reviews,

28(1), 134–164. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00075-14