Mineral resources

Maliha Zafar
 Creation of minerals
Magma cools down resulting into
crystallization
Under immense pressure and heat
of the core/magma the rock cycle
takes place
transformation of rocks from
sedimentary rock to metamorphic
rock
Some minerals found on surface
of the earth , some need to be
excavated
 Rock Cycle

Three major
types of rocks

Sedimentary Metamorphic
Igneous rock
rock rock

Metallic Minerals: As the name suggests, metallic
minerals are the minerals that contain one or more
metals. In general, they occur as mineral deposits
and are a good conductor of heat and electricity, e.g.
iron, copper, gold, bauxite, manganese etc.
Non-metallic minerals are those which do not
yield new products on melting. Coal, salt, clay,
salt, sulfur, marble are some examples. These
are generally associated with
igneous/metamorphic
 Minerals/ ores
extracted though
Mining

Formation Distribution
Unevenly
Naturally
Reserves found in different
Non- renewable recourse regions

Surface mining Sub-surface mining Impact on

Strip mining & placer mining Drift Environment : land, air
Open -pit mining/mountaintop Slope & water
Shaft and on humans
Open-pit mining, or open-
cast mining is a surface mining
technique of extracting rock or
minerals from the earth by their
removal from an open pit or borrow.
This form of mining differs from
extractive methods that require
tunneling into the earth, such as
long wall mining. "Strip
mining" is the practice of mining
a seam of mineral, by first removing
a long strip of overlying soil and
rock (the overburden). It is most
commonly used to mine coal and
lignite (brown coal). Strip mining is
only practical when the ore body to
be excavated is relatively near the
surface.
Placer mining is the mining of
stream bed deposits for minerals.
This may be done by open-pit or
by various surface excavating
equipment or tunneling
equipment.
Adit, a horizontal or near
horizontal passage driven
from the Earth’s surface into
the side of a ridge or
mountain for the purpose of
working, ventilating, or
removing water from a
mine.
Major differences between metals and non-metallic minerals
 Adit mining

Adit Mining
Cement making process
Cement
making
process