HEALTH BENEFITS

OF LEAF OF LIFE

By
George F. Felfoldi
© 2023, George F. Felfoldi
HEALTH BENEFITS
OF LEAF OF LIFE
 © 2023, George Felfoldi

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page
Copyright Information
Table Of Content
Dedication
Special Thanks
About The Author
Other Books By The Author
Leaf Of Life

– What is “Leaf Of Life?”

– The Leaf Of Life Has Other Names

Health Benefits Of The Leaf Of Life

– Antiviral Properties

– Antibacterial Properties

– Anti-Inflammatory Properties
 – Wound Healing Properties

– Treats Kidney Stones

– Pregnancy

– Sinus

– Hair

– Asthma

– Diabetes

– Improves Skin Health

– Fights Cancer

– Improves Sleep

– Pain Reliever

– Lowers Blood Pressure

– Over The Years

Leaf Of Life Dosage

– Dosage
Leaf Of Life Side Effects, Safety Dangers And Warnings
 – In Most Controlled Experiments

– Leaf Of Life Side Effects

Where Can The Plant Be Found?
Other Names For The Leaf Of Life
How To Use The Leaf Of Life

– For Insect Bites, Headaches, Swollen Joints And

Abscesses

– For Colds, Congestion, Coughs And Bronchial Conditions

– For Wound Healing

– Use The Leaves For High Blood Pressure

– Spiritual Uses Of The Leaf Of Life

How To Make Lief Of Life Tea

– How To Make Tea

How To Grow The Leaf Of Life Plant

– Easy To Grow
“Kalanchoe Pinnate” (Leaf Of Life)
 – Kalanchoe Pinnata
Description

– The Leaves

– The Fruit

– The Flower

– Scientific Classification
Distribution

– Distribution
Taxonomy And Nomenclature
Cultivation Of The Leaf Of Life

– Cultivation
Toxicity And Traditional Medicine

– In Traditional Medicine

– Chemical Constituents
More Beneficial Uses
 – Here Is A List
Photo Gallery
 I would like to dedicate this e-Book
To my late mother, brother, father and
also to all my readers
And friends.

THIS BOOK IS TO YOU ALL.

I would like to thank all the people,
Companies, Organizations,
Family and friends that made
This e-Book possible.

The Toronto Public Library

Health Canada
Metro News Media
Toronto Star Newspaper
Dr. P.K. Fung, M.D.
PrintArtist (Front Cover)
Toronto General Hospital
Jean-Guy Lehoux
Dr. Hubert Kline, MD
Wikipedia Org.
Erno Yeno Felfoldi
Mrs. Roza Felfoldi
Getty Images
InterNet (pictures)
Erno Gaza Felfoldi
Wikipedia Org.
Medical News Today
Medicinal Herbals
Michelle Blackwood, RN
Things Guyana
 ABOUT THE AUTHOR

George F. Felfoldi

Dr. George Felfoldi is an Independent

Baptist Minister, An Author, Song writer
And Musician who is a native to
 Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
George holds several doctors degrees in
Various fields and has written several books,
On different subjects such as:
Occult, Health, Religion, Herbals,
Ships, and also Poetry and Lyrics.
George is also married and
Has four grown children.
 OTHER BOOKS BY
THE AUTHOR
2006

Katoomba-Columbia
The Powers of Garlic
Speaking to God Through Prayers
Ginger the Herb and Root Guide
The Complete Book On Angels
Chamomile The Healing Herb
The Healing Powers of Aloe Vera
The Healing Powers of Cranberry
The Healing Powers Of Seaweed And Algae
The Spiritual Key To Healing
The Healing Powers of Pomegranate

2007

The Healing Powers Of Blueberries

AMD – Age-Related Macular Degeneration
A Modern Look At Solar Power
The Healing Powers of Oregano
The Healing Powers of Coconuts
The Book of Spells :White Magic Vs. Black Magic
The Healing Powers of Cherries
Experimenting With the G-Spot
Sex Magic
The Images of God
The Healing Powers of Thistles
The Felfoldi’s :Medical Herbal Encyclopedia
The Complete Book on Herbal Magick
The Herbs And the Animals of the Bible
The Road To Better Health
The Gnomes In Mythology
The Magic of Having Great Sex
The Healing Powers of Strawberries
The Backyard Terror :Squirrels
Changing The Way We Look At Wolves
Cooking With Eggs Cookbook
The Healing Powers Of Watermelons

2008
The Healing Powers of Mangos
The Complete Book On Angels (Second Edition)
The State of Man (In Relationship To The Bible)
The Healing Powers of Tomatoes
The Schooner, Bluenose II
The Healing Powers of Mushrooms
A Modern Look At Parapsychology
Angel Light Bible Studies (A complete 22 lesson course)
Peach Popourri (A book on Peaches)
Hypnosis For Self Betterment And Healing
The Down To Earth Cookbook
The Science of Faith and Other God’s Sciences
World Wide Ghosts & Hauntings
The Modern Look At Poetry

2009
The Science of Mind Transformation
A New Look at Scheurmann’s Disease
Loch Ness Mystery
In Search of Mysterious Primates
The Healing Powers of Pineapples
The Healing Powers of Limes
The Scottish-Hungarian Cookbook
Cooking With Friends Cookbook
Spirit Orbs Photography
The Secret of Healthy Living
The Healing Powers of Mr. Garlic
The Complete Book On Herbal Magick (2 nd. Edition)
Spellcasting :White & Black Magic
The Healing Powers of Kiwi Fruit
A World Of Food Cookbook
A Psychic Connection To 2012
Paranormal Phenomenon :Levitation
Aliens Are Among Us

2010

The Devil And His Demons :Activities, Facts & Evidence

2012

Bed Bugs In The Woodwork

The Cockroach Invasion
The Basics of the Chinese Zodiac
Focusing the Mind, The Inner Universe
The Healing Properties of Honey

2014

The Toe Nail Fungus Book

The Healing Powers of Peppermint
The Healing Powers of Dandelion
The Healing Powers of Cloves

2015

The New Age Cookbook

From My Table Cookbook
Tranquility Of Mind :Modern Lyrics And Poetry

2017

Kimberley's Famous Recipes

2018
Don't Stop Cooking
Hamsters Simplifies
My Scottish Fold Long Haired Cat
Good Foods Made Easy
The Healing Powers Of Black Peppermint
The Healing Powers Of Coffee
The Healing Powers Of Turmeric
The Healing Powers Of Water
Bedbugs Simplifies

2019

Farmer's Wife Olde And New Tyme Recipes

2021

Everyday Cooking
Cherries, A Superfood
Healing Properties Of Bananas
Healing Properties Of Corn
Healing Properties Of Garlic
Healing Properties Of Paprika
Pears, A Superfood
Plums, A Superfood
Healing Properties Of Cranberries, 53p
Healing Properties Of Ginger
Cooking Through A Pandemic

2022

Cleaning And Kitchen Tips

From Hungarian And Scottish Kitchens
Blue Mountain Cookbook
Yes You Can Cook
Health Benefits Of Ginger

2023

Creative Home Cooking Vol. 1

Nessie Of Loch Ness
The Powers Of Lemons
The Powers Of Apples
Healing Properties Of Thistles
Health Benefits Of Dandelion
Healing Properties Of Pumpkins
Everything Pumpkin Cookbook
Everything Dandelion Cookbook
Health Benefits Of Potatoes
Everything Potato Cookbook
Angels Are Among Us
Healing Benefits Of Sesame Seeds
Healing Benefits Of Cinnamon
Healing Benefits Of Honey
Health Benefits Of Leaf Of Life
LEAF OF LIFE
The “Leaf Of Life”, is a fitting name for this plant that has so
many health benefits. This miracle plant has been used for
centuries as a herbal remedy for a wide range of health
conditions such as skin ulcers to diabetes. This medicinal plant
is also known by many different names around the world, and
is wildly used in traditional medicine.

WHAT IS “LEAF OF LIFE?”

The Leaf of Life is a succulent plant that is native to

Madagascar and it is very popular in Jamaica. It is a perennial
herb that can grow up to 1 to 2 meters tall. The leaves of this
plant is large and fleshy, with a wavy edge. The plant
produces clusters of small yellow or pink flowers.

THE LEAF OF LIFE HAS OTHER NAMES:

This plant is also known by many different names around the

world as the follow that are in this list below;
 – Air Plant

– Miracle Leaf

– Life Plant

– Curanto

– Yeast Plant

– Bryophyllum Pinnatum

– Paddle Plant

– Kalanchoe Pinnata

– Goethe Plant

– Bryphyllum Calycinum

– Mexican Love Plant

– Soanzo Leaf

– Cathedral Bells

Tradition medicine widely uses, “Leaf of Life”, for its believed

wide range of medicinal properties, which includes;
 – Antiviral

– Antibacterial

– Anti-inflammatory

and wound healing properties. Many people commonly use

this plant to treat viral infections, woulds and other
inflammatory conditions.

The plant and the herb.

HEALTH BENEFITS OF
THE LEAF OF LIFE
ANTIVIRAL PROPERTIES:

Traditionally, many people have used, “Leaf of Life” for its

antiviral properties, and many scientific studies also have
suggested that the plant possesses such activities The leaf of
Life's antiviral properties may stem from the presence of
compounds like;

– flavonoids

– terpenoids

– and phenolic compounds.

Some studies have found that leaf of life extracts have

antiviral activities that protects you from a number of
different viruses, such as;

. Hepatitas B virus (HBV), some studies that were done have

found that leaf of life may have activity against HBV, a virus
that can cause liver damage.
. Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Some different studies have
shown that leaf of life extracts can inhibit the replication of
HSV-1 and HSV-2, these two viruses that cause herpes.

. Respiratory synclytial virus (RSV), studies that was done have

found that leaf of live may have activity against RSV, a virus
that can cause respiratory infections.

. Human papillomavirus (HPV), Research that was done on the

leaf of life, suggested that this plant may have activity against
HPV, a virus that can cause cervical cancer.

ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES:

Some studies that was done found that leaf of life extracts
have antibacterial activity against a number of different
bacteria, which includes;

. Escherichia coli (E. Coli), previous studies have shown that

leaf of life extracts can inhibit the growth of E. Coli, the kind
of bacteria that can cause food poisoning and urinary tract
infection.

. Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus), Research suggests that

leaf of life may have activity against S. Aureus, a bacteria that
can cause a large range of infections, including skin infections
and pneumonia.

.Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. Aeruginosa), Some studies have

found that leaf of life may have activity against P. Aeruginosa,
a bacteria that can cause a wide range of infections, including
urinary tract infections and sepsis.

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES:

Some studies that was done have found that leaf of life
extracts have anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the
production of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins,
leukotrines, and nitric oxide.

The anti-inflammatory properties of a leaf of life have been

evaluated in a number of different animal models of
inflammation, including:

. Carrageenan, including paw edema: Some research and

studies have shown that leaf of life extracts can reduce
inflammation and swelling in the paws of animals.

. Cotton pellet, included granuloma: Research suggests that

the leaf of life may have anti-inflammatory activity in a model
of granuloma formation.

Xylene induced ear edema: Some studies that was done have
found that the leaf of life may have anti-inflammatory activity
in a model of ear edema.

WOUND HEALING PROPERTIES:

“Leaf ofLife” is also known by different names such as
“Bryophyllum pinnatum” or “Miracle Leaf”, is a medicinal
plant that has wound healing properties. People traditionally
use it to heal:

– cuts,

– burns,

– and other skin injuries.

It is also reputed to possess anti-inflammatory and pain

relieving properties.

. Traditionally, people have used, “Leaf of Life”, to promote

wound healing and disease scarring due to its wound healing
properties. Some scientists and researchers suggests that the
plant's compounds may have wound healing properties.

TREATS KIDNEY STONES:

One of the most popular traditional uses the leaf of life to
treat kidney stones. While researchers has not gotten to the
stage of human testing, there are some animal tests and
studies that has shown that the plant may have a positive
effect on kidney stones.

A study that was conducted in 2014 has shown that rats given
a treatment containing plant extracts were less likely to
develop any kidney stones. Those rats that was given the
treatment had reduced levels of urine oxalates, and those
oxalates are typically caused by kidney stones.

This plant is also well known for its ability to stave off kidney
stones. The plant contains:

– high levels of phenols,

– saponins,

– and flavonoids.
These compounds help to reduce the toxic effects of oxalates.

Kidney Stones Herbal Remedy:

Consume 40 to 50 mL (8 to 10 tsps) of a decoction made from

the entire plant twice daily. The decoction can also be mixed
with shilajit and honey.

PRAGNANCY:

In recent years, studies have been conducted that have shown

that the Leaf of Life may be beneficial for eoman who are
pregnant. An animal study that was conducted in 2014
administerated different dosages of Bryophyllum pinnatum
extract to pregnant rats. The results showed that the plant
extracts interfered with maternal weight gain, and there was
no adverse effect on both the mother and their fetuses. In the
same year, another study that was done also conducted on
human subjects. Pregnant women that were suffering from
sleep issues were given 350 mg tablets that were 50%
 composed of B. Pinnatum. At the end of the study the women
reported experiencing fewer wake ups and an improved
quality of sleep. In this study, no adverse effects were
reported also.

SINUS:

Traditional use of Leaf of Life commonly dictates that the Leaf

of Life be used to treat colds, flu and improve sinus pressure.
Although this use has not been scientifically tested yet, many
people came that it can treat much more than just simple
colds and sinusitis.

However, in a vitro study that was done in 2007, showed that

the plant extract contains compounds that can act as an
antimicrobial. This may explain why the Leaf of Life works so
well for the treatment of colds and various other sinus
conditions. A simple tea that is made from the leaves or the
extracts from the Leaf of Life can be used to treat:
 – bronchitis,

– shortness of breath,

– coughs,

– nasul congestion,

– and asthma.

HAIR:

The Leaf of Life is commonly used to nurish the hair and treat
gray hair; however, this has not been fully tested in an
controlled setting yet. Many people claim that if you use the
extracts from the leaves of the plant, it both prevents gray
hair from growing and it promote a healthy scalp. Although
people believe that the extracts help with hair care, the
mechanism that makes it work are still unknown.

ASTHMA:
Several animal studies that has been done over the years have
supported the use of the Leaf of Life as an anti-asthmatic
medicine.

For example, in a 2013 study that was done on guinea pigs

over the period of 21 days using an extract dosage of either
200 or 400 mg per kg of body weight per day. Over the course
of the study, the guinea pigs were exposed to a throat irritant.
At the end of the study, the guinea pigs had reduced mucus
viscosity, supporting that the plant's use an anti-asthmatic. In
addition to this study, several of the studies that supported its
use as an antimicrobial agent also suggests that this
antimicrobial activity is what makes the plant effective in
treating asthma.

DIABETES:

In a 2008 study that was done has suggested that

Bryophyllum pinnatum may support anti-diabetic activity. In

this study, diabetic rats were given dosages of either 200, 400,
or 800 mg per kg of body weight per day. All the dosages were
shown to be effective in lowering blood sugar in the diebetic
rats, and the treatment also reduced the levels of
triglycerides.

Another scientific investigation that was conducted in 2014

which was also done on rats duplicated the results. From
these two studies, it appears that the anti-diabetic properties
of the Leaf of Life deserves further study as it may significantly
benefit many people that are suffering from diabetes.

Diabetes has been increasing rapidly in lower income

countries around the world. Many of the traditional
medications come with a high cost and many people can not
afford it. Leaf of Life offers a cost-effective alternative
remedy.

A preliminary study has proved that the herb is very

beneficialfor lowering fat and blood sugar levels. Ayurvedic
practitioners recommend consuming a juice made from the
leaves twice daily for a drop in blood glucose levels.

IMPROVES SKIN HEALTH:

As I have mentioned previously, the Leaf of Life also has

antimicrobial compounds in the plant that helps with the
treatment of sinuses and asthma. However, this antimicrobial
activity may also benefit the skin and treat minor injuries. In
fact, many traditional uses dictate that the plant be used for

this purpose. Applying a poultice to injuries helps to:

– ease pain,

– promote faster healing,

– and prevent infection.

Numerous studies that was done, (aside from the two

mentioned earlier) also support this notion. For example, a
study that was done in 2000, showed that the leaves prevent
the growth of 5/8 of the bacteria that were tested.

In another study that was conducted in 2012, isolated

compounds from the plant that are known to have
antimicrobial properties, confirming that it may be used to
treat infections.

Cathedral Bells is very beneficial to skin health. It has

astringent and emollient properties. Which means that it
cleans the skin, minimizing pores and keeps the skin moist and
flexible.

It also has wound healing properties and is used to treat a

variety of skin conditions, including skin ulcers, hemorrhoids,
and boils.

However, more research still needs to be done, particularly

clinical trials, but these initial pilot studies are very promising.
FIGHTS CANCER:

We are told every day that Cancer if the number one cause of
death worldwide. So, it is important for us to seek out
effective treatments for the disease.

Leaf of Life is an effective option. It contains a compound that

is known as Bersaldegenin-1, 3, 5-orthoacetate. This
compound has proven to be effective in inhibiting the growth
of cancer cells.

This herb has been used as a treatment for several different

kinds of cancers, including:

– Leikemia

– and Cervical cancer.

IMPROVES SLEEP:
This “Miracle Plant”, or wonder herb also works to improve
your sleep. Two different studies that were done proved it, on
people who was suffering from poor quality of sleep. One
study that was done on cancer patients and the other on
pregnant women.

Both of these groups were administered 350 mg tablets of

Kalanchoe pinnata.

The results of both of these studies pointed to increased

quality of sleep.

PAIN RELIEVER:

Leaf of Life has analgestic properties. This means that it is an

effective pain reliever. The herb can provide relief for:

– aches
 – pains

– inflammation

– swollen joints.

To ease pain, apply a paste made from the crushed leaves of

the plant to the affected areas topically. For ear and eye aches
apply juice made from the leaves.

LOWERS BLOOD PRESSURE:

Approximately 33% of the world's adult population suffer

from hypertension. It is also a major risk factor for other
chronic diseases that includes heart disease and stroke.

Leaf of life is an effective alternative remedy for this kind of

disease. A daily cup of this healing herbal tea may be just
what you need to get your high blood pressure under control.
OVER THE YEARS:

Over the years people have used the “Leaf of Life” to treat a
variety of ailments including, fever, wounds, and different
skin conditions.

Studies have shown that it has antimicrobial, anti-

inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, additionally,
research has found that the , “Leaf of Life” is effective in
reducing blood glucose levels in people that have diabetes.

I find however, more research has to be done to really fully

understand the plant's medicinal properties and any potential
side effects that the plant might have.
LEAF OF LIFE DOSAGE
DOSAGE:

For most treatment, it is suggested to take between 5 to 15

mL of leaf extract.

However, for more severe ailments may require a dosage of

up to 30 to 40 mL. The extract can be mixed with water or
honey and ingested. Some people also prefer to use dried
leaves to make a tea.

To treat kidney stones, it is traditionally recommended to

ingest fresh leaf juice twice a day for 15 days to expell the
stones. This treatment is often combined with other medicinal
herbs that are also known to treat kidney stones.

For topical uses, a paste can be made from the leaves and a
bit of water and applied to the skin.
Dried leaves of the Leaf of Life plant can be added in boiling
water to make a tea, that can be used to treat infections and
other forms of disease.
LEAF OF LIFE SIDE EFFECTS,
SAFETY DANGERS
AND WARNINGS
IN MOST CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTS:

In most controlled experiments, no adverse effects were

reported from the use of the “Leaf of Life”.

However, large amounts of the leaf juice have shown to have

adverse effects like intoxication, and this it may not be great
for chronic conditions such as, frequent or long lasting kidney
stones.

Additionally, long term use may have an immunity supressing

effect.

Although research shows that it may help pregnant women

suffering from sleep disbalances, it is still advised to use
caution if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

CONSULT with a medical doctor before using.

LEAF OF LIFE SIDE EFFECTS:

The Leaf of Life is generally regarded as very safe. However,

too much of it may result in the following side effects:

– Diarrhea,

– Heartburn,

– Nausea,

– Vomiting,

– and Stomach pain.

WHERE CAN THE
PLANT BE FOUND?
The “Leaf of Life” plant is a native to Africa but now the plants
grown in tropical and subtropical areas around the world.

Including some areas that are listed below:

– Africa,

– The Caribbean,

– Asia,

– Central America,

– Australia,

– New Zealand,

– Pacific Islands,

– Hawaii,

– Polynesia,

– Melanesia,

– United States,

– Brazil,
– India,

– Pakistan,

– Philipine Islands,

– Madagascar,

– Nepal.
OTHER NAMES FOR
THE LEAF OF LIFE
The “Kalanchoe pinnata” has several other names that vary
depending on the area it is found in. Here is some of the
common names that this plant is known by:

– Catherdral Bell,

– Air Plant.

– Goethe Plant,

– Leaf of Life,

– Life Plant,

– Miracle Plant,

– Mother of Thousands,

– Tree of Life (English)

– Abamoda,

– Afiayo,

– Danweshinm,

– Ekpokpo,

– Odaa Opue,
 – Tameawu, (African)

– Bhasmapathri,

– Panputti,

– Pashanbheda, (Ayurvedic)

– Malaikkalli,

– Runakkalli, (Tamil)

– Siempre Viva, (Spanish)

– Kakakataka, (Pilipino (Tegalog)

– Bryophyllum pinnatum, (Scientific name).

I would not be surprised if there is still names for this plant

out there.
HOW TO USE THE
“LEAF OF LIFE”
The Leaf of Life can be used in a variety of different ways
depending on the conditions that you wish to treat. Here are
some of the ways that the “Miracle Leaf”, may be used:

FOR INSECT BITES, HEADACHES, SWOLLEN JOINTS, AND

ABSCESSES:

Make a poultice by heating 5 to 7 fresh leaves. Apply topically

to the infected areas twice daily. Once in the morning and
another time before going to bed at night.

The crushed leaves of the plant mixed with coconut oil can
also be used for headaches.

FOR COLDS, CONGESTION, COUGHS AND BRONCHIAL

CONDITIONS:

Make a cough mixture by juicing 3 to 5 leaves and add salt or

honey. Take three times daily until the symptoms disappear.
FOR WOUND HEALING:

Place the back of the leaves on an open sore and cuts. This
helps to stop the bleeding, ease the pain and also will prevent
any infections.

Alternatively, warm a few leaves, crush them and tie them to

the wound. This will help to promote healing of the wound
quicker.

USE THE LEAF FOR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE:

Make an infusion by boiling 2 to 5 fresh leaves of the plant to

consume, (make it like a tea).

SPIRITUAL USES OF THE LEAF OF LIFE:

In some African countries the Leaf of Life is used in Spiritual

rituals. A spiritual bath is created by combining the leaves of
the plant with water.

It is believed that taking a bath in the water cleanses the body

from evil spirits and leads to good luck.

“Kalanchoe Pinnata” or “Miracle Leaf”.

 HOW TO MAKE
LEAF OF LIFE TEA

Leaf of Life Tea.

HOW TO MAKE TEA:

A great way to reap the healing powers of this medicinal herb

is by consuming it as tea made the leaves. The tea is easy to
make and only requires a few ingredients.

INGREDIENTS

. 3 to 4 fresh leaves
. 2 cups water
. Honey (optional)

METHOD

Step 1: Bring the water to a boil in a saucepan.

Step 2: Add the leaves to the water and remove the pot from
heat.

Step 3: Allow to simmer for about 3 to 4 minutes.

Step 4: Strain to remove the leaves.

Step 5: Add honey for taste if desired.

Tea ready to drink.

HOW TO GROW THE
LEAF OF LIFE PLANT
EASY TO GROW:

Leaf of Life plant is very easy to grow. It can be grown from

seed, leaf or cuttings. It even self progagates when planrlets
fall from its leaves and take root.

The plant favours tropical to sub-tropical conditions and it

grows best in well drained sandy soil. But it can even grow
indoors in colder climate.

It grows best in full sunlight or partial shade and needs to get

at least 4 hours of sun daily. The plant should be watered
regularly so that the soil keeps a moist consistency.

Fertilize every 3 months to get the best results.

“KALANCHOE PINNATA”
(LEAF OF LIFE)
KALANCHOE PINNATA:

The “Kalanchoe pinnata” is a plant that is commonly known as

Leaf of Life, Catherdral Bells, Miracle Leaf, Goethe Plant and
Air Plant. It is a succulent plant that is native to Madagascar. It
is also a very popular houseplant and has become naturalized
in tropical and subtropical areas around the world.

The species is distinctive for the profusion of miniature

plantlets that form on the margins of its leaves, a trait it has in
common with some other members of the Bryophyllum
(which is now known as Kalanchoe).

This plant is a succulent. Perennial plant, about 1 m (39

inches) tall, with a fleshy cylindrical stems and young growth
of a reddish tinge, which can be found in flower throughout
most of the year.

The specific epithet, “pinnata”, is the feminnine form of the

Latin adjective pinnatus, meaning, “pinnate”.
DESCRIPTION
THE LEAVES:

The leaves of this species are thick, fleshy, elliptical in shape,

curved, with a crenate or serrated margin, which is often
reddish, Simple at the base of the stem, the leaves are
imparipinnate at the top, 10 to 30 cm (4 to 12 inches) long,
with three of five pairs of fleshy limb lobes.

The leaves are remarkable for their ability to provide bulbils.

At their margin, between the teeth, adventitious buds appear,
with produce roots, stem and leaves. When the plantlets fall
to the ground, they root and can become larger plants. This is
fairly common trait in the Bryophyllum.

THE FRUITS:

The fruits are follicles (10 to 15 mm), which are found in the
persistent calyx and corolla.
THE FLOWER:

The terminal inflorescence is a panicle, with many pendent,

red-orange flowers.

The calyx is formed of a long tube, red at the base, veined

with yellowish green, (or green spotted with reddish brown),
with four small triangular lobes at the end.

The tubular corolla, with a pronounced constriction separating

the subspherical part of the ovoid part, is terminated by four
lobes which reaches 5 cm (2.0 inches in length. It is yellowish
in colour with red-purple streaks.

The eight stamens, each about 4 cm (1.6 inch) long, are in two
whorls, welded on the corolla. The ovary has four carpels,
slightly fused together in the center, with slender styles.
 KALANCHOE PINNATE

The leaves

SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
 Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Saxifragales
Family: Crassulaceae
Genus: Kalanchoe
Species: K. Pinnata

Binomial Name

Kalanchoe pinnata
(Lam.) Pars.

Synonyms

. Bryophyllum calcicola
(H. Perrier) V.V. Byaly
 . Bryophyllum calycinum
Salisb.

. Bryophyllum germinans
Blanco

. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.)

Oken

. Cotyledon calycina Roth

. Cotyledon calyculata Sol. Ex

Sims

. Cotyledon pinnata Lam.

. Cotyledon rhizophylla Roxb.

 . Crassula pinnate (Lam.) L.f.

. Crassuvia floripendia Comm.

Ex Lam.

. Kalanchoe brevicalyx (Raym Hamet & H. Perrier)

Boiteau

. Kalanchoe calcicola
(H. Perrier) Boiteau

. Kalanchoe Floripendula Steud.

DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION:

Kalanchoe pinnata is a native to Madagascar, and it has

become naturalized in tropical and subtropical areas around
the world, inhabiting warm and temperate climates from sea
level to 2,600 meters (8,500 feet), occupying sites on rock in
tropical evergreen and dry deciduous forests, as well as
montane forests.

This plant is also found in parts of:

– Asia,

– Australia,

– New Zealand,

– The West Indies,

– Bermuda,
 – The Philippines,

– Macaronesia,

– Madagascar,

– Aftrica,

– Brazil,

– Suriname,

– The Galapagos Islands,

– Melanesia,

– Polynesia,

– Hawaii

– Guyana

In many of these, such as Hawaii, this plant is regarded as an

invasive species.

Much of the reason for the widespread naturalization of this

plant can be traced to its popularity as a garden plant.
The Leaf Of Life Plant
TAXONOMY AND
NOMENCLATURE
The writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who was an amateur
narulist of some repute, was passionately fond of this plant
and liked the plant so such that he gave the baby plantlets as
a gift to friends who would visit his home. He also discussed
his “Air Plant” at length in an essay titled in German:
Geschichte meiner botanischen Studien, which means in
English “History of my botanical studies”.

The plant Kalanchoe pinnata was harvested by Pierre

Sonnerat in Isle de France (Mauritius) and communicated to
Lamarck who described it in 1786 as an Colyledon pinnata.
Subsequently, the Paris naturalist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon
reclassified it in the Kalanchoe (calling it Calanchoe pinnata
1805 to 1807, with an orthographic variant).

At the same time in London, England, the botanist Richard

Anthony Salisbury described the same plant from a specimen
recieved from Bengal, under the name of Bryophyllum
calycinum, and at the same time created a new genus
Bryophyllum.
The same plant it has several local names in its native
Madagascar:

– Falatanantsifaona,

– Malainana,

– Rendadiaka,

– Sodifafana,

– and Tsilafafa.

In the Philippines,this plant is known by:

– Katakataka (or Kataka-taka)

Which is an adjective meaning astonishing or remarkable.

CULTIVATION OF
THE LEAF OF LIFE
CULTIVATION:

In temperate regions, Kalanchoe pinnata (Leaf Of Life), is

grown as an indoor ornamental plant.

Like most succulents, it cannot survive hard frost and will not
thrive in environments in which the temperature drops below
10 degrees C (50 degrees F).

This plant favours a well drained soil, the roots being

otherwise susceptible to rot.

In the tropics, K. Pinnata is grown outdoors in gardens, from

which it may escape to become naturalized, often as a
invasive weed.
 TOXICITY AND
TRADITIONAL MEDICINE
In common with other species belonging to the Crassulaceae,
(including certain members of the genera, Tylecodom,
Cotyledon and Adromischus), Kalanchoe has been found to
contain bufadienolids cardiac glycosides. These can cause
cardiac poisoning, particularly in grazing animals, such as :

– Sheep,

– Cows,

– Goats,

– Horses,

– Donkeys,

– Bison,

– Deer,

– Elk, and Moose.

Bryophyllum pinnatum has been recorded in Trinidad and

Tobago as being used as a traditional treatment for
hypertension.
IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE:

In traditional medicine, the juice of the leaves is also used for

kidney stones, although there is ongoing research that is being
done and some scientific evidence for this use but further
research is required.

In the French Antilles, Kalanchoe pinnata, called zed maltet, is

used in local applications against headaches.

For the people of the Amazon, kalanchoe has multiple uses;

the Creoles use it roasted against inflammations and cancer
and as an infusion, and as a popular remedy for fever.

The Palikur people of Brazil and French Guiana apply a

preparation of the juice of Kalanchoe leaves mixed with

coconut oil to their forheads to treat headaches.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:

Bufadienolide compounds isolate from Bryophyllum pinnatum

include:

– bryophillin A,

– bersaldegenin-3-acetate,

– and bryophillin C.

Bryophillin C also showed insecticidal properties.

Phytochemicals studies of Kalanchoe innata has identified the

presence of :

– triterpenes,

– steroid,

– phenanthrene,

– flavonoids,
 – flavones,

– chalcones,

– taraxasterol,

– aurones,

– phenolic acid,

– caffeic acid,

– syringic acid,

– malice,

– oxalic

– and ferulic acid.

Bufadienolides and phenanthrene are toxic compounds.

Two calves fed for 48 hours with K. Pinnata have been

reported to have died due to ataxia ans severe cardiac
arrhythmia.
MORE BENEFITS
AND USES
HERE IS A LIST:

Here below is a list of more benefits and uses of, “Leaf of

Life”:

. Useful In Urinary Disorders – Give 5 ml of its leaves to the

patient suffering from thirst and any disorder related to
urinary system. It is a very good and effective cure. In case of
urin related disorder in men, give 40 to 60 ml of its decoction
with 2 gm honey mixed in it. Give twice a day.

. Helpful In Boils – Slightly warm its leaves and crush them. Tie
it as a poultice on the effected area. It cures boils, redness and
swelling.

. For Hypertension – Give 5 to 10 drops of the extract of its

aerial parts. It is beneficial in controlling blood pressure.

. To Curb Leukemia – Give 5 to 10 drops of the extract of its

aerial parts, twice a day. It is beneficial in blood cancer.

. For Vaginal Disorders – In case of vaginal flow in women,

give 40 to 60 ml decoction with 2 gm. Honey mixed in it. Give
this twice a day.

. Helps Treat Headaches – Crush its leaves and apply on the

forehead. It cures headaches.

. Aids In Eye Pain – Extract the juice of its leaves and apply all
around the eyes. It cures pain in the white part of the eyes.

. Treatment For Wounds And Burns – Slightly warm the leaves

and then crush then and tie on the wound. It helps the wound
to heal faster and also eliminates the scars.

. Cures Bleeding Diarrhea – Give 3 to 6 gm. Juice of its leaves

with cumin seeds and double amount of ghee mixed in it. Give
this to the patient twice a day. It controls the blood flow in
diarrhea.

. Helps Manage Leucorrhoea – For women who suffer from

leucorrhoea ailments, use the decoction of the leaves twice
daily. It helps delay the flow of blood within the blood vessels.

. Helps To Treat Piles – Drink the extract of the leaves twice

daily to get an effective cure for piles.

. Good For The Liver – The Leaf of Life promotes the health of
the liver. It can cure jaundice fast.

. Helps To Treat Ear Pain – Get a fast cure for your ear pain by
applying the juice of the leaves.

. Helps With Swelling And Redness – Crush a few leaves and

form a poultice. Apply this on boils. You can use this on
redness and swelling on the skin.
. Helps Heart Health – It improves the health of the heart.

. Helps Colds And Coughs – For common colds and coughs, the
juice of the leaves among with sugar candy will help. This can
also help people that are suffering from asthma.

. Anti-Inflammatory properties – By applying the paste of the

leaves on the place of the swelling, you can reduce it
significantly.

. Helps To Relieve Stomach Ache – If you have a stomach ache,

you can get relief by having the decoction of the leaves.

. Diuretic Action – You can cure urinary disorders with the

juice of the leaf of life. This is good for curing excessive thirst.
Drink a potion of 40 to 60 ml every day in the morning and in
the night.

. Helps With Teething Problems – Babies that are cutting their

first teeth will have relief from the pain.

. Anthelmintic Action – It helps to remove worms that are in

the intestine effectively. Have the decoction of the leaves
twice a day with honey.

. Antipyretic Properties – If you have a fever, the leaf of life

will help relieve your symptoms.

.Helps To Correct Dysentry – Have the leaf extract with honey

to get relief from dysentry.

. Helps With Weight Management -You can lose weight by

using its leaves.

. Helps Prevent Gray Hair – Regular use of Leaf of Life will help
prevent the greying of hair. It also promotes a healthy scalp.
. Good Anti-Oxidant Properties – Make a tea from the dried
leaves and have it twice a day. This will help to fight the free
radicals that are in the blood.

. Helpful For Diabetes – Helps to control your diabetes by

using the leaves. Have the decoction twice every day and see
your blood sugar levels drop significantly.

. Cures Constipation – You can get relief from your

constipation by having the tea made from the dried powder of
the leaves.

. Helps To Purify The Blood – Leaf of Life has a purifying action

on the blood. It removes the toxins and helps improve your
health.

. Juice For Chest Cold – Warm 3 leaves and juice them. This
should yield 2 to 3 tablespoons of Leaf of Life juice. Add a
pinch of salt. Take one tablespoon three times a day for as
long as needed.
. Helps With Skin Ulcers – Make a poultice for skin ulcers,
sprains and insect stings. Grind 7 fresh leaves into a poultice.
Apply the poultice evenly to the infected areas. Apply a fresh
poultice twice a day, morning and at night, as often as
needed.

. Helps With Sore Feet – Pound the leaves to make a poultice

and apply to the soles of the feet to stop hemorrhages.

. Helps With Callositis – The leaves are used as topical in

dislocation, ecchymosis, and callosites.

. Helps With Bronchial Conditions – It is widely used as an

herbal remedy for many different kinds of ailments, especially
bronchial conditions.

. Helps With Insect Bites, Bruises – Crush the leaves of this

herb and apply to the damages areas it will relief you from
insect bites, bruises, boils and also skin ulcers.
. Helps With Earaches, Pain, And Sprains – Make a poultice of
the crushed leaves can also be applied to the body for sprains,
pains and for earaches.

. Helps With Open Sores – Placing the back of the leaves on

open sores, cuts and wounds will promote healing, stops
bleeding as well as prevents infections.

. Helps With Mucous – Stem as well as the leaves can be

placed in water and taken daily to rid the body of mucous and
waste matter.

. Helps With Intestinal Problems – Fresh leaves of the Leaf of

Life can also be eaten raw as a medicinal remedy for asthma,
bronchitis and other intestinal conditions.

. Helps To Treat Urinary Bladder Stones – Leaf extract is taken

on an empty stomach for treatment of urinary bladder stones
and fever in children in Arunachal Pradesh.
. Cough medicine is made from its roots in Sierra Leon.

. In Jamaica - Heated leaves are used for swelling and

abscesses in Jamaica.

. In China – It is used for rheumatoid arthritis, burns, bruises

and ulcers in China.

. Helps To Treat Gonorrhea - In South Africa – In the KwaZulu-

Natal Province, in South Africa, the leaves are used in
combination with Opuntia stricta and Euphorbia hypericifolia
to treat gonorrhea.
PHOTO GALLERY
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