D E PA RT M E N T O F A R C H I T E C T U R E

- COURSE TITLE: LANDSCAPE

COURSE CODE: AR407

)Lecture 9(

Course instructor: Dr. Ahmed Zaki

TYPES OF GARDEN STYLE – Part 2

)ISLAMIC GARDEN STYLE(
 TYPES OF GARDEN STYLE – Part 2
)ISLAMIC GARDEN STYLE(

MAIN TOPICS
ISLAMIC GARDEN STYLE
Egyptian Islamic style
Moorish style
Persian style
Mogul style
 ‫‪ISLAMIC GARDEN STYLE‬‬
‫التوج ه ال داخلى لل بيوت االس المية حيث االح واش و الح دائق ك انت بت أثير من‬
‫المرجعي ة االس المية ( الم نزل جن ة االنس ان على االرض ‪ +‬الرغب ة فى الحف اظ على‬
‫الخصوصية )‬
‫‪A Hadith of the Prophet even says that " a man’s Paradise is his own house ".‬‬

‫‪so that the house was said to be its owner’s Paradise.‬‬

‫االمر الذى يفسر االهتمام بالحدائق و زخرفتها‬

‫هذا التوجه ساعد على تبريد هواء ساحة البيت و ترشيح الهواء الداخل له و حمايته‬
‫من التلوث الجوى و الدخان و الضوضاء و تطفل الجيران‪.‬‬

‫فى مختلف انواع المبانى‪ ،‬كان الماء هى العنصر المركزى فى التصميم‬

‫(فى داخل المنازل او حدائق القصور او المساجد ‪,,‬و الخ)‬

‫التنوع فى استخدم عنصر المياه على هئية ( النوافير‪ ،‬االحواض‪ ،‬البرك و القنوات)‬

‫اسباب استخدام عنصر المياه ‪:‬‬

‫وطيفية‪ :‬التنظيف‪ ،‬الترطيب‪ ،‬الرى‬
‫الرمزية‪ :‬الطهارة و الحياة ‪ ” -‬و جعلنا من الماء كل شئ حى“‬
 ISLAMIC GARDEN STYLE

References of water in Islamic culture & Symbolic Function

The central fountain symbolizes the origin and sustainer of life and the
watercourses represent the four rivers of the Garden of Eden.
4 rivers reflects the square shape of courtyard and general square shape of
Islamic garden with its four directions.

Alhambra palace in Spain Taj Mahal , India

Aga Khan House, Aswan,
Shapes of courtyard in Islamic countries Egypt
 ISLAMIC GARDEN STYLE

References of Islamic garden

Islamic garden is a reminder of paradise

General theme of a traditional Islamic garden is
water and shade

Characteristics of Islamic gardens

Geometrical layout, boundary wall, a crossing

pattern of canals.
 ISLAMIC GARDEN STYLE

Courts in Mosques

 In a mosque, it is used for performing ablutions

 Cooling (ventilation and lighting)
 As an extension to prayer hall

al-Azhar mosque

The Mosque and Madrasa Court in central dome mosque

of Sultan Hassan style
 ISLAMIC GARDEN STYLE

Courts in Houses

It acts like an indoor garden, where

the Women in the house can feel free
(privacy).

Private courtyard is used for aesthetics

and to cool the summer heat

Providing natural lighting

 ISLAMIC GARDEN STYLE

OLD ISLAMIC GARDENS IN CAIRO

Bayt Al Suhaymi
 Egyptian Islamic style

Al-Kha Oasis, Egypt, Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan

Design by Hassan Fathy House, Aswan, Egypt
 ISLAMIC STYLE
MOORISH GARDENS Portico
The special form of garden called the patio
(courtyard). This is a closed type of garden, in
which the ancient traditions and Persian gardens
merged during its development.

The patio’s purpose is to provide a place for

relaxation, meditation and contemplation,
therefore the presence of ponds, fountains, tiles
mosaics is characteristic of it. The plants
correspond to the climatic conditions.
Style: formal
Geometrical composition is mostly linear

Alhambra at Granada
Eight pointed star fountain
 the Alhambra palace in Spain14th century

Plan of the Palace quarter of the

Alhambra, Court
Alhambra
of the Myrtles,
north arcade Court of the Lions
 ISLAMIC STYLE
CONTEMPORARY MOORISH GARDENS
 ISLAMIC STYLE
PERSIAN GARDENS
The traditional style of Persian gardens has influenced
the design of gardens from Andalusia to India and
beyond.
Example: the Taj Mahal ( Mughal Empire in India).

Factors affect Persian gardens : sunlight and its effects ,

the shade, water and buildings

Main characteristics of Persian gardens

Attempts to integrate indoors with outdoors through the connection of a
surrounding garden with an inner courtyard ( like portico in Roman style)

Main elements of the Persian garden:

Inner courtyard: attempts to integrate indoors with outdoors

Pavilions, shaded trees like cypress trees and water elements.
 ISLAMIC STYLE
PERSIAN GARDENS
The Persian garden styles follow the gardening
styles of Egypt.

The local climate (hot dry), high walled

structure, shady trees, water streams and
fountains are the factors which makes the
Persian garden a paradise on earth.

The different styles of Persian garden are

Hayat, Median, Chahar Bagh, Park and Bagh.
 ISLAMIC STYLE
PERSIAN GARDENS
:Chahar Bagh
The Tag Mahal : formal garden consists of four quadrants
divided by pathway and waterways.
 ISLAMIC STYLE
Magoul Style

Rectilinear geometrical composition

Formal style
Use of terraces
Central use of water element

Garden around a fort at Agra (India)

Terraced garden style

 ISLAMIC STYLE
Syrian Style
END of LECTURE 9