Exercise 21

How many times does a typical person blink her eyes in a lifetime?

Solution
On average, a person blinks their eyes about 15 to 20 times per minute. There are 60 minutes in an hour, and
24 hours in a day, so the number of blinks per day would be:

15 blinks/minute × 60 minutes/hour × 24 hours/day = 21,600 blinks/day

Assuming a person lives for 80 years (approximately 29,200 days), we can estimate the number of blinks in a
lifetime:

21,600 blinks/day × 29,200 days = 631,680,000 blinks

Therefore, a typical person would blink their eyes approximately 631,680,000 times in their lifetime.

Exercise 36
Find the magnitude and direction of the vector represented by the following pairs of components:
(a)Ax = -8.60 cm, Ay = 5.20 cm; (b) Ax = -9.70 m, Ay = -2.45 m; (c) Ax =7.75 km, Ay = -2.70 km.

Solution
Use Equations (1.7) and (1.8) to calculate the magnitude and direction of each of the given vectors.
By: A sketch of Ax , Ay and A tells us the quadrant in which A lies.

In each case the angle is measured counterclockwise from the + x axis. Our results for θ
agree with our sketches.

Exercise 41
Write each vector in Fig. E1.28 in terms of the unit vectors i and j

Solution
Find the components of each vector and then use Eq. (1.14).
By: Ax =0, Ay =−8.00m. Bx =7.50m, By =13.0m.Cx =210.9m, Cy =−5.07m. Dx =−7.99m, Dy =6.02m.
=>A=(−8.00m)j; B=(7.50m)i+(13.0m)j;C=(−10.9m)i+(−5.07m)j; D = (−7.99 m)i + (6.02 m) j.

Exercise 72
A sailor in a small sailboat encounters shifting winds. She sails 2.00 km east, then 3.50 km southeast, and then
an additional distance in an unknown direction. Her final position is 5.80 km directly east of the starting point
(Fig. P1.72). Find the magnitude and direction of the third leg of the journey. Draw the vector- addition
diagram and show that it is in qualitative agreement with your numerical solution.

Solution
Use coordinates for which + x is east and + y is north. The vector displacements are:

A=2.00km,0°ofeast;B=3.50m,45°southofeast;and R=5.80m,0°east

=>Cx =Rx −Ax −Bx =5.80km−(2.00km)−(3.50km)(cos45°)=1.33km; Cy =Ry −Ay −By

=0km−0km−(−3.50km)(sin45°)=2.47km; C= (1.33km)2+(2.47km)2 =2.81km;

θ = tan−1[(2.47 km)/(1.33 km)] = 61.7° north of east. The vector addition diagram in Figure 1.72 shows

good qualitative agreement with these values.

EVALUATE: The third leg lies in the first quadrant since its x and y components are both positive.